書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西國際商務職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thefather,whowasilliterate,saidtohissonthathewas______dogtolearnnewtricks.

問題1選項

A.tooolda

B.atooold

C.soolda

D.asoold

【答案】A

【解析】考查句式。根據(jù)句意可知本題主要考查too...todo“太……而不能……”，故可排除C選項和D選項。too＋adj.＋a(an)＋n.＋todo/tobedone，這個句型在too＋形容詞后再接一個帶不定冠詞的名詞，不定冠詞一定要放在形容詞后，只有當too后形容詞修飾一個可數(shù)名詞時，才可以在形容詞與名詞間加不定冠詞“a/an”。當句子主語是動詞不定式的執(zhí)行者時，用todo主動式，當主語是動詞不定式的承受者時，則用tobedone被動式。句意：那位父親不識字，對他兒子說自己簡直就是一只老狗，哪還學得了什么新把戲。所以該句中應用tooolda...而不用atooold...，因此A選項正確。

2.單選題

Hewasaccusedofbeinga______becausehemadepromiseswhicharousedfutilehopesinhislisteners.

問題1選項

A.spokesman

B.demagogue

C.representative

D.politician

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項spokesman“發(fā)言人；代言人”；B選項demagogue“煽動者；煽動家；煽動政治家”；C選項representative“代表；典型；眾議員；銷售代表”；D選項politician“政治家”。句意：他被指控為一名……，因為他的承諾在聽眾中激起了無用的希望。由arousedfutilehopesinhislisteners（在他的聽眾中激起了無用的希望）可知B選項與其意思對應正確，結(jié)合此處語境，B選項正確。

3.單選題

Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsage,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon"persuasivesalesmanship"tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirsttrytofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitaccordingtoconsumerdemand.

Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinessactivity-thefirmandthecustomer.Eachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingcustomers.Thisconcepthasbeenrecognizedinsuchslogansas"HaveItYourWay"and"You'retheBoss".Agoodexampleoftheimportanceofsatisfyingtheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid1985,whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenewKingcustomerruled!

1.Agoodknowledgeofthedifferencebetweenmarketingandsellingleadsto（）.

2.Nottoolongago,industriesfocusedon（）.

3.Theverycoreofmarketingliesin（）.

4.Asuccessfulbusinessdealcantakeplaceonlywhen（）.

5.Thelastsentenceofthepassagesuggeststhat（）.

問題1選項

A.theefficientproductionofgoods

B.aperfectcommandofsalesmanship

C.abasiccommandofthemarketingconcept

D.theconversionofgoodsintomoney

問題2選項

A.producingandsellinggoods

B.theneedsandwantsofcustomers

C.thesellingofnewproducts

D.movinggoodstothemarket

問題3選項

A.allunderstandingofconsumerneeds

B.theefficientmovementofgoods

C.developingnewwantsforconsumergoods

D.makinggoodsreadilyavailabletocustomers

問題4選項

A.thecustomerissatisfiedattheexpenseofthecompany

B.acompanymakesabigprofit

C.consumersatisfactionandcompanyprofitaregivenequalimportance

D.priorityisgiventotherequirementsofthecustomer

問題5選項

A.theconsumershouldbeallowedtodothingshisownway

B.theconsumershouldbetreatedlikeaking

C.theconsumershouldhavethefinalsayinthesellingofanyproduct

D.theconsumershouldbeadvisedonwhattobuy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞thedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling定位至第一段:Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling(要了解營銷概念，只有必要區(qū)分營銷和銷售的不同)，由此可知C項“營銷概念的基本掌握”正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Nottoolongago定位至第二段:Nottoomanyyearsage,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon"persuasivesalesmanship"tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible(幾年前，大多數(shù)行業(yè)主要集中在高效生產(chǎn)的商品，然后依靠“有說服力的推銷方式”來盡可能多的銷售這些產(chǎn)品)，也就是不久前，行業(yè)集中于高效生產(chǎn)商品和銷售商品，故選A項“生產(chǎn)和銷售產(chǎn)品”。

3.細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Marketing，ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem(另一方面，市場營銷也需要著重于消費者的需求。它開始于首先分析消費者的喜好和需求之后，然后生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品，滿足他們)。因此,A項“完全理解顧客的需求”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。第三段指出:Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinessactivity-thefirmandthecustomer.Eachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs(這個概念并不意味著滿足顧客得優(yōu)先于公司利潤。每次的交易都有正反兩面，也就是在交易前必須滿足公司和消費者各自的需求)，因此，選C項“顧客滿足和公司利潤都同等重要”。

5.判斷推理題。文章最后一句為:Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenewKingcustomerruled(公眾大部分比例對新口味的不接受使得可口可樂公司快速地恢復原先的口味。然后以消費者至上的規(guī)則銷售)。因此不難推測四個選項中，B項“對待顧客就應該像國王一樣”正確。

4.單選題

Theproblemthaturbansprawlis（）upontheun-spoiltcountrysidedeservesmoreattentionfromthegovernmentandthepublic.

問題1選項

A.occupying

B.taking

C.encroach

D.encroaching

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項occupy“占據(jù)；占用”；B選項take“拿走；取走”；C選項encroach“侵占(某人的時間)；蠶食(土地)”；D選項encroaching“encroach的現(xiàn)在分詞形式”。句意：城市擴張正在侵蝕著未被破壞的農(nóng)村，這一問題值得政府和公眾更多的關注。此處的選項應與介詞upon構(gòu)成搭配，而空格前面為be動詞，因此此處應該為現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故選D。encroachupon表示“侵犯，侵占”。

5.單選題

Johnwasnotselected（）;hewaschosenforthejobbecausehehadthemostexperience.

問題1選項

A.deliberately

B.alternatively

C.momentously

D.arbitrarily

【答案】D

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：John并不是被（）選擇的；他被選來承擔這份工作是因為他擁有的工作經(jīng)驗最豐富。

deliberately故意地，謹慎地，慎重地；alternatively非此即彼，二者擇一地；momentously重大地；arbitrarily隨意地，武斷地。D選項“隨意地”符合句意。

6.單選題

Lovecan’tconquerall.So,beforecouplestietheknot,theyshouldknowwhatthey’regettinginto.Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether.

Asmuchasapersonlovesanother,heorsheneverreallyknowswhathappensbehindcloseddoorsunlessheorsheisstandingontheotherside.Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether.Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds.Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilitiesbeforesomeonerealizesheorshehasmarriedalazybum.

Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc.?

Oneofthelargestproblemsinmarriagesisthe“in”word:money.Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theylearnoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother.It’simportantforcouplestofigureoutbudgetprioritiesbeforetheyaremarried,andthisisdifficulttodounlessapersonhasbeensharingexpenseswithhisorherpartner.Ifcouplesdon’thavetheirfinancialissuesinorder,theyareboundtosurface,causingtroubleinthemarriage.

It’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher.Aspecialbondformsbetweenpeoplewhosharetheirlivingspace,theirpersonallongings,andtheirlivestogether.Somethingsyoujustdon’tknowuntilyou’velivedwithsomeone.

Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,likemosteverythingelseinthiscountry,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect.Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship.Butifarelationshipisgoingtoendit’sbetterforpeopletodiscoverthehardtruthbeforetheymarry.Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?Peoplemightwanttofindoutbeforetheymaketheseriousdecisiontomarry.

1.“Tietheknot”inthefirstlineofthefirstparagraphmeans（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,throughlivingtogether（）.

3.Tosomepeoplelivingtogetherbeforemarringisunacceptablebecause（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Animportantpointtheauthormadeinthispassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.gettingacquaintedwitheachother

B.datingeachother

C.livingtogetherbeforemarriage

D.gettingmarried

問題2選項

A.acouplecanreinforcetheirlove

B.acouplecanlearnwhoisbetteratdoingthehousework

C.acouplecansavesomemoneyfortheirmarriage

D.acouplecanknoweachotherintimately

問題3選項

A.itisimmoralandinappropriate

B.itmayendarelationshipmorequickly

C.itisashametothecouple’sparents

D.itwillcausemanysocialproblems

問題4選項

A.Livingtogetherbeforemarriageisnowmoreacceptablethanbefore.

B.Littlehouseholdchorescancausetroubleinone’smarriage.

C.Loveistheguaranteeofahappymarriage.

D.Newly-wedsoftenhasmanylifeimbalancestoface.

問題5選項

A.livingtogetherbeforemarriageissignificant;everycoupleshouldtryit

B.livingtogetherbeforemarriageisachoicethatshouldberespected

C.livingtogetheristhebestwaytobridgethegapsbetweenacouple

D.livingtogetherisasymbolofthemodernformofcivilization

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:語義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(人們對婚前同居的禁忌正在減少，越來越多的人在同居幾個月甚至幾年后說“我愿意”)，由此可知tietheknot指“結(jié)婚”，因此D項正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。A:夫妻能牢固他們的愛情。第六段指出:Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship(同居可以是一種積極的經(jīng)歷，日后會鞏固婚姻，但也可以是結(jié)束一段關系的事情)。因此A項不正確。B:夫妻可以了解誰更擅長做家務。第二段指出:Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilities...(通過同居，夫妻可以解決這些責任分配的不平衡…)，此說法并不能推斷出B項，因此B項錯誤。C:夫妻能為他們的婚姻存一些錢。第四段指出:Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theyleanoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother(如果夫妻在婚前同居，他們會互相依賴對方的儲蓄和消費方式。通過削減開支，人們不僅學會了如何控制每個人的錢袋，而且學會了如何相互討論財務問題)。由此可知C項不正確。D:一對夫妻可以親密地了解彼此。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞livingtogether定位到第五段:it’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher(不和他或她住在一起，就很難親密地了解對方)，因此D項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞unacceptable定位至第二段以及第六段。第二段指出:Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether(雖然有些人認為婚前同居是不道德的，但事實上，夫妻們正在通過同居來擴展關系)。第六段指出:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(雖然有些人認為婚前同居不合適，但這是每個人都應該尊重的選擇)。由此可知A項“不道德也不合適”正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:與過去相比，現(xiàn)在人們更能接受婚前同居了。第一段第二句指出:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(對婚前同居的禁忌正在減少，越來越多的人在同居幾個月甚至幾年后說“我愿意”)。因此A項正確。B:家務瑣事會給婚姻帶來麻煩。第二段第三句指出:Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds(例如，家務責任的劃分可能是新婚夫婦的一個大事)。因此B項正確。C:愛是美滿婚姻的保證。第六段第四句指出:Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?(即使兩個人彼此相愛，喜歡共度時光，但真正的問題是，你們能一起生活嗎？)。因此C項與原文不符且過于絕對。D:新婚夫婦經(jīng)常面臨許多生活不平衡的問題。第三段指出:Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc(這似乎是一個小問題，但是有多少女人和男人從來沒有想過他們會是唯一做飯、洗碗、吸塵、忙碌、擦洗、消毒、洗衣服、除塵等的人)。因此D項正確。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。體現(xiàn)作者觀點態(tài)度的句子可參考第六段:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(雖然有些人認為婚前同居是不合適的，但這是每個人都應該尊重的選擇)，因此B項“婚前同居是一個應該被尊重的選擇”正確。

7.單選題

Ifapersonfailstoconformtoconventionalbehavior,heislikelytobebyothers.

問題1選項

A.preserved

B.instructed

C.avoided

D.selected

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)關鍵信息failstoconformtoconventionalbehavior可知，這種行為不合常規(guī)。那么別人有可能會因此生厭，敬而遠之。詞組beavoidedbyothers表示“被他人遠離（或排擠）”，最符合句意，A選項preserved表示“保護，保存”；B選項instructed表示“指示，教育，指導”；C選項表示“”；D選項selected表示“選擇，挑選”。因此，本題正確答案為C項?！揪湟狻咳绻粋€人行為不合常規(guī)，那么別人很可能對他敬而遠之。

8.單選題

Mostmenholdastereotypedconceptionofwomenthatthefemalearebornwithfrailconstitutionsaswellasa（）mind.

問題1選項

A.compassionate

B.fragile

C.stubborn

D.fatal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項compassionate“慈悲的，富于同情心的”；B選項fragile“脆的，易碎的”；C選項stubborn“固執(zhí)的”；D選項fatal“致命的，重大的”。句意：大部分男人對于女人都有一個刻板的觀念，那就是女人天生體格方面弱，思想方面（固執(zhí)）。句中…mind與frailconstitutions相對應，根據(jù)句意，stubborn“固執(zhí)的”用來修飾題中女人的思想正確。因此C選項符合題意。

9.寫作題

TherearemanyreasonsforapersonplanningtodoPhDresearch(forexample,newexperiences,careerpreparation,andincreasedknowledge).Whydoyouthinkpeopleshouldpursueadoctoraldegree?Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsaboutyouropiniononthistopic.

【答案】WhydopeoplegoforaPh.D.?Thedisinterestedreasonmostoftengivenissatisfyingtheirthirstforknowledge.Ph.D.studentsarethosewithhighdegreeofinternalmotivationthatstemsfromtheirinborncuriosityandloveofintellectualpursuits.Theyexpectthatafterobtainingtheirdegreetheywillmetamorphoseintoscholars.Forthosethetemptationofresearchingnewandexcitingsubjectsisalsoirresistible,oratleastpreferabletoallotherchoices.

So,aPhDmeansthatyouhavealotofknowledgeandinformationaboutyourfield.Yourknowl-edgeisnotonlytheoretical,butalsoofpracticaluse,andyoucanshareitwithothersforproblem-solving.Youareanexpertandspecialistinyourareaofstudy,andyoureducatedopinionwillbehighlyvaluedamongfriends,colleaguesandeventhemedia.

WithaPhDdegree,youmayhavemorecareerchoices.Atthesametime,youcangainahighersalaryandpositionwithinthecompanycomparedtocandidateswhodonothavethesameeducationallevelasyou.Furthermore,yourexpertiseinthefieldalsogivesyoutheopportunitytoacquireteach-ingpositionsatacollegeoruniversity.

TherearealsootherreasonsforpursuingaPh.D.,whicharemorepragmatic.GoingthroughyearsofstudyforaPhDdegreealsomeansthatyouwillhavebuiltupareliableanddiversesetofprofessionalnetworks.Youwillhaveworkedwithrenownedexpertsandscholarsinthefieldandwillhavemadeimportantcontactsduringconferences,allofwhomcanserveasexcellentcareerreferencesforanyjobpositions.

Inthissense,thedoctoraldegreeisnotonlyapassporttoaworldofresearchandnewknowl-edge,butalsoavaluableassetthatincreasesone’schancesforobtaininghigherpaid,moresatisfyingjobs.Itisseenasaninvestmentinone’slifeforfuturesuccessfulcareer,acertificateprovingone’sspecialabilitiesthatgivesadvantagesoftheownerinthejobmarket.

WhateverreasonsapersonmayhavewhenplanningtodoPh.D.research,theultimategoalistoenjoyabetterlife.APhDprograminvolveshardwork,rigorouscriticalthinkingskillsandalotofin-vestedtime,moneyandresearch.However,youreceivemanybenefitsandrewardsforhavingadoc-toratedegree,whetheritisforpersonalsatisfaction,socialstatus,andemploymentorforthesakeofeducationandknowledgeitself.

10.單選題

Itwasascenethatwouldstayforeverinhismind:thefatherholdinghissonabovethewater,himselfslowly（）inthelake,desperatelyawaitingrescue.

問題1選項

A.overstepped

B.overflowed

C.subjected

D.submerged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項overstepped“逾越；超越”；B選項overflowed“溢出”；C選項subjected“使遭受；使從屬”；D選項submerged“淹沒；沉浸”。句意：這一幕將永遠停留在他心中：父親托舉兒子露出水面，自己卻慢慢……于湖水中，絕望地等待救援。由關鍵信息abovethewater“在水面上”可以知道父親的身體正淹沒在水中。因此D選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Manyofthelocalresidentslefthomesto（

）thedangerofflooding.

問題1選項

A.encounter

B.enclose

C.shakeoff

D.wardoff

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項encounter“遭遇，遇到”；B選項enclose“圍住，隨函(或包裹等)附上”；C選項shakeoff“甩掉，擺脫”；D選項wardoff“避開，躲開，防止（危險、疾病等）”。由目的狀語“to_____thedangerofflooding（為了_____洪水的危險）”可知D選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：許多當?shù)鼐用耠x開家，以避開洪水的危險。

12.單選題

Anobviouschangeofattitudeatthetoptowardswomen’sstatusinsocietywill（

）throughthecurrentlawsysteminJapan.

問題1選項

A.permeate

B.probe

C.violate

D.grope

【答案】A

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。permeate“滲透”；probe“探索”；violate“違反”；grope“摸索，探索”。句意：上層社會對女性在社會中地位的態(tài)度發(fā)生了明顯的變化，這種變化對日本現(xiàn)行的法律體系產(chǎn)生了影響。選項A符合題意。

13.單選題

Noonecouldcomeupwithaneasysolutiontothegovernment'spredicament

—labor（）whichiscausedbytheworldfinancialcrisis.

問題1選項

A.decline

B.shortage

C.rarity

D.vacancy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。decline“下降；衰退”；shortage“缺乏；不足”;rarity“罕見；珍貴”；vacancy“空缺，空白”。根據(jù)government’spredicament“政府困境”與financialcrisis“經(jīng)濟危機”，可知空格處是要表達“勞動力短缺”的意思，選項D符合題意。

14.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

自新中國成立以來，南京發(fā)生的巨大而深刻的變化令人歡欣鼓舞。從1949年4月23日開始，人民真正成為這座古老城市的主人。人民在自己的土地上辛勤勞作，把古城南京裝扮得面貌一新，特別是近十幾年，改革開放又給這座美麗的名城注入了新的活力，嶄新的工作、通達的運輸、如畫的城市建設、興盛的第三產(chǎn)業(yè)、多彩的文化生活，都使這個具有古都特色的現(xiàn)代化城市煥發(fā)出勃勃英姿。南京，這座古老而又年輕的歷史文化名城，是多么可愛！

“兒時”的可愛是“無知”。那時侯，件件都是“知”，你每天可以做大科學家和大哲學家，每天在發(fā)現(xiàn)什么新的現(xiàn)象，新的真理?，F(xiàn)在呢？什么都已經(jīng)知道了，熟悉了，每個人的臉都已經(jīng)看厭了。宇宙和社會是那么陳舊，無味，雖然它們其實比“兒時”新鮮得多了。我于是想念“兒時”，禱告“兒時'不能夠前進的吋候，就愿意退后幾步,替自己恢復己經(jīng)走過的前途。請求“無知”回來，給我求知的快樂。

【答案】GreatandprofoundchangeshavetakenplaceinNanjingsincethefoundationofNewChina.ThecommonpeoplehavebecomethegenuinemastersofthisoldcitysinceApril23,1949.ThepeopleofNanjingwhohavebeenworkinghardontheirownlandhavegiventhisage-oldcityanewappearance.Especiallyforthepasttenyearsormore,China’sreformandopening-uppolicyhasbroughtmorefreshvigortothisbeautifulandfamouscity.Newjobs,efficienttransportationnetworksextendinginalldirections,picturesquecityconstruction,prosperoustertiaryindustriesandvariousandcolorfulculturallives,haveaddedcharmandvitalitytothismoderncitywhichretainssomehowthefeaturesofanancientcapital.HowlovelyNanjing—ahistoricandculturalcitywhichisoldandyoungis!

Thechildhood’slovelinessisignorant.Duringthatperiod,everythingwasnewtous,andeverydaywecouldbeagreatscientistorphilosopher;eachdaywediscoverednewphenomenaandnewtruths.Howaboutnow?Noweverythingisfamiliartous,butwe’retiredoflookingateverybody’sface.Theuniverseandsocietyaresooldandtasteless,althoughtheyaremuchfresherthanchildhood.ThenImissmychildhoodandprayforit.Whenwecannotadvanceanymore,weliketotakeafewstepsbacktorestorethefuturewehavepassed.Weaskforthereturnof“childishignorance”toletusre-experiencethejoyofknowledge-seeking.

15.單選題

JapanbecamethetopinvestmentdestinationforChinesepropertyinvestmentin2014duetothe（）oftheJapaneseyen.

問題1選項

A.attachment

B.amendment

C.depreciation

D.abbreviation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項attachment表示“附件，依戀”；B選項amendment表示“修正，改正”；C選項depreciation表示“折舊，貶值”；D選項abbreviation表示“縮寫，簡寫”。由原文句意可知，2014年日本成為中國房地產(chǎn)投資的首選投資目的地是因為日元（）。因此，depreciation最符合句意，故本題正確答案為C選項。

16.單選題

Manyofherfollowersremain（loyal）toher,andeventhosewhohaverejectedherleadership.

問題1選項

A.obedient

B.friendly

C.faithful

D.sympathetic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。句意：她的許多追隨者仍然效忠于她，即使是那些不滿她領導能力的人也不例外。A選項obedient“順從的”；B選項friendly“友好的”；C選項faithful“忠誠的”；D選項sympathetic“同情的”。loyal意為“忠誠的”，選項C與之意思相近，符合語境。

17.單選題

DuringtheWorldWarIImanyfamousscientistssoughtandreceivedpolitical（）intheUnitedStates.

問題1選項

A.influence

B.persecution

C.shelter

D.oppression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項influence“影響；勢力”；B選項persecution“迫害；煩擾”；C選項shelter“庇護；避難所”；D選項oppression“壓抑；鎮(zhèn)壓”。句意：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，許多著名的科學家在美國尋求并得到了政治……。戰(zhàn)爭期間，科學家們尋求的必然是“政治庇護”，因此C選項正確。

18.單選題

Itisnecessarythatthemembershipapplicationsshouldbedispatchedimmediately.

問題1選項

A.disposedof

B.sentin

C.sentoff

D.filledout

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項disposedof“處理”；B選項sentin“遞送”；C選項sentoff“寄出”；D選項filledout“填寫”。句意：有必要立即發(fā)出會員申請。劃線部分dispatched是發(fā)出的意思。因此C選項正確。

19.單選題

Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto,（

）thecolorofhisskin.

問題1選項

A.withtheexceptionof

B.inthelightof

C.byvirtueof

D.regardlessof

【答案】D

【解析】詞組詞義辨析。withtheexceptionof除以外；inthelightof根據(jù)，依據(jù)；byvirtueof依靠，憑借，由于；regardlessof不顧，不管。句意：這個國家的每個人都有權(quán)住在他想住的地方，不管他的膚色如何。選項D符合句意。

20.單選題

Ifthethoughtofleavinghomewithoutyourmobilephonecausesyouto（

）coldsweat,youcouldbesufferingfromnomophobia:thefearofhavingnomobilephone.

問題1選項

A.breakinto

B.breakout

C.breakthrough

D.breakup

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.breakinto闖入B.breakout爆發(fā)；突發(fā)

C.breakthrough突破；突圍D.breakup打碎；破碎；結(jié)束；解散

【答案】B

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】如果離開家不帶手機的想法會使你……冷汗，你可能患上了無手機綜合癥：對沒有手機感到恐懼。由本題句意可知應該是冒冷汗，B選項“爆發(fā)；突發(fā)”可引申為該句所需要的含義，因此選B。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項均不符合句意。

【句意】如果離開家不帶手機的想法會使你出一身冷汗，那你可能患上了“無手機恐懼癥”：對沒有手機感到恐懼。

21.單選題

Thehousewasveryquiet,（

）asitwasonthesideofamountain.

問題1選項

A.isolated

B.isolating

C.beingisolated

D.havingbeenisolated

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這棟房子非常安靜，由于它在山麓上而被隔離開了。后半句句子的主語是it,指代前面的house，house與isolate是動賓關系，即“房子被隔離”，因此應該用過去分詞形式。根據(jù)句意，選項A符合題意。

22.單選題

Theaccuracyofscientificobservationsandcalculationsisalwaysatthemercyofthescientist'stimekeepingmethods.Forthisreasonscientistsareinterestedindevicesthatgivepromiseofmoreprecisetimekeeping.

Intheirsearchforprecision,scientistshaveturnedtoatomicclocksthatdependonvariousvibratingatomsormoleculestosupplytheir“ticking”.Thisispossiblebecauseeachkindofatomormoleculehasitsowncharacteristicrateofvibration.Thenitrogenatominammonia,forexample:vibratesor“ticks”24billiontimesasecond.

Onesuchatomicclockissoaccuratethatitwillprobablylosenomorethanasecondin3000years.Itwillbeofgreatimportanceinfieldssuchasastronomicalobservationandlong-rangenavigation.TheheartofthisAtomichronisacesiumatomthat-vibrates9.2billiontimesasecondwhenheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater.

AnatomicclockthatoperateswithanammoniamoleculemaybeusedtochecktheaccuracyofpredictionsbasedonEinstein’srelativitytheories,accordingtowhichaclockinmotionandaclockatrestshouldkeeptimedifferently.Placedinanorbitingsatellitemovingataspeedof18,000milesanhour,theclockcouldbroadcastitstimereadingtoagroundstation,wheretheywouldbecomparedwiththereadingsonasimilarmodel.Whateverdifferencesdevelopedwouldbecheckedagainstthedifferencespredicted.

1.Scientistsexpectthattheatomicclockwillbe（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

3.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Theword“vibration”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?

問題1選項

A.absolutelyaccurate

B.moreprecise.

C.heat-resistant

D.differentinvibration

問題2選項

A.Temperaturechangesaffectthevibrationrateofammoniamolecules.

B.Therateofvibrationofanatomdoesnotvary.

C.Einstein’srelativitytheoriesarebasedonthevibrationofatoms.

D.Temperaturechangesmayaffectthespeedatwhichatomstravel.

問題3選項

A.precisetimekeepingisnotpossibleatall

B.scientistsexpecttodisproveEinstein'srelativitytheories

C.atomicclockswillbeimportantinspaceflight

D.clockinmotionandadockatrestkeeptimedifferently.

問題4選項

A.pulse

B.precision

C.movement

D.accuracy

問題5選項

A.Peacetimeuseoftheatoms

B.Atomsandmolecules

C.Thesatellitetimekeepers

D.Theroleoftheclockintheastronomy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段“Intheirsearchforprecision,scientistshaveturnedtoatomicclocksthatdependonvariousvibratingatomsormoleculestosupplytheir‘ticking’.”，中文翻譯為：在追求精確性過程中，科學家們已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向于原子鐘，它依賴于各種振動的原子或分子，以提供它們的“滴答聲”。綜合可知，B選項符合題意，科學家們希望原子鐘更加準確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段中“TheheartofthisAtomichronisacesiumatomthatvibrates9.2billiontimesasecondwhenheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater.”，中文翻譯為：這個原子鐘的中心是一個銫原子，當加熱到沸水的溫度時，它每秒振動92億次。因此，A項“溫度變化影響氨分子的振動速率”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章尾段“Placedinanorbitingsatellitemovingataspeedof18,000milesanhour,theclockcouldbroadcastitstimereadingtoagroundstation,wheretheywouldbecomparedwiththereadingsonasimilarmodel.”，中文翻譯為：在以每小時18000英里的速度運行的軌道衛(wèi)星中，時鐘可以將其時間讀數(shù)廣播到地面站，并在地面站與類似模型上的讀數(shù)進行比較?？梢酝茰y出C選項“原子鐘在太空飛行中將起重要作用”。

4.詞義猜測題。由題干關鍵詞“vibration”可以定位到文中“Thisispossiblebecauseeachkindofatomormoleculehasitsowncharacteristicrateofvibration.”，中文翻譯為：這是可能的，因為每種原子或分子都有其特有的……速率。以及“Thenitrogenatominammonia,forexample:vibratesor‘ticks’24billiontimesasecond.”，中文翻譯為：例如，氨中的氮原子每秒……或“滴答”240億次?？梢缘弥狝選項“振動”正確。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知文中主要介紹原子鐘的計時精確度、特性和相關原理，以及它在天文領域的一些應用。推測出A選項“和平時期原子的使用”正確。

23.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

感激是對于每一件善舉，無論其大小，表示優(yōu)雅地接受并欣賞的藝術(shù)。我們中

的大多數(shù)人受到款待，接收禮物和獲得明顯的好處的時候都不會忘記表達自己的愉悅之情。但即使在此情景下我們都需注意并能夠以完善的方式表達之，使其盡可能地顯得個性化和體現(xiàn)自己的誠意。感激的藝術(shù)首先應該體現(xiàn)在對待小事情上充分體現(xiàn)出來：公共汽車售票員、醫(yī)院的護士、飯店的女招待還有校園的保潔員—所有這些人都在以不同

的方式為我們服務。通過表示感謝我們可以使日常平淡的關系顯得更有人情味，讓一些單調(diào)的任務變得令人愉快。我們所給予的感激永遠不會過多，因為我們身邊的人都會以我們的微笑構(gòu)成他們的人生追求和工作的動力。

【答案】Gratitudeistheartofgraciouslyacceptingandappreciatingeveryactofkindness,nomatterhowsmall.Mostofusdonotfailtoshowourpleasurewhenwereceivehospitality,giftsandobviousbenefits,buteveninthiscase,wehavetomindandbecompetenttoperfectourmannerofshowinggratitudebymakingitaspersonalandsincereaspossible.Itis,aboveall,inthelittlethingsthatthegraceofgratitudeshouldbemostemployed.Thebusconductor,thenurseinthehospital,thewaitressatarestaurant,thecleanerinthecampus—allobligeusinonewayoranother.Byshowingourgratitudewemakeroutinerelationshipshumanandrendermonotonoustasksmoreagreeable.Gratitudeissomethingofwhichnoneofuscangivetoomuch.Forpeoplearoundusbuilduptheirpursuitoflifeandmoti