書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大同煤炭職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

Directions:Forthissection,youareaskedtoreadthefollowingshortpassagefirstandthentowriteacompositionentitled''WhichoneDoYouThinkIsMoreImportant,PleasureorLongevity?"Youshouldnotcopyanyofthesentencesinthefollowingpassage.Youshouldwritenolessthan150words.RemembertowriteclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.（15%）（Justforyourreference）

Peoplearealmostphobic（恐懼癥）abouthavingfun.increasinglyviewingthemselvesasfragile,vulnerable,readytodevelopcancerorheartdiseaseattheslightestprovocation（刺激）.Inthenameofhealth,peoplegiveupmanyoftheirlifeenjoyments.Wehavenoquarrelwiththeevidencethatsomepleasures,likecigarettesmoking,highalcoholconsumption,addictivedrugs,drivingmuchtoofast,areunhealthyandshouldbeknockedoff.Butworryingtoomuchaboutanythingincludingcalories,salt,cancer,andcholesterol（膽固醇）canrobyourlifeofvitality.Livingoptimistically,withpleasure,zest,andcommitmentenrichesifnotlengthenslife.

Doyouagreetotheabovepointofview?Whichonedoyouthinkismoreimportant,pleasureorlongevity（長壽）?GiveyourowncommentsandwritethemdownontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】略

2.單選題

Mostoftheflightshaveabaggage（

）of44lbsperpassenger.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.budget

B.reservation

C.allowance

D.limitation

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)budget“預(yù)算”；B選項(xiàng)reservation“預(yù)約，預(yù)定”；C選項(xiàng)allowance“津貼，零用錢”；D選項(xiàng)limitation“限制，限度”。句意為：大多數(shù)航班乘客的行李限重44磅。limitation“限制，限度”符合題意，故答案為D。

3.單選題

WhendoingbusinesswithanArab,youhavetoendurehoursofsmalltalk,waitingforthetopicofcommercetobebroached.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.broken

B.raised

C.solved

D.concluded

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)broken“折斷；打碎；損壞”；B選項(xiàng)raised“提高，舉起；使（面包）發(fā)酵；撫育，撫養(yǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)solved“解決；解答”；D選項(xiàng)concluded“結(jié)束；推斷；作結(jié)論”。句意：當(dāng)你和一個(gè)阿拉伯人做生意時(shí)，你不得不忍受幾個(gè)小時(shí)的閑聊，等待商業(yè)的話題被提起。本句關(guān)鍵詞bebroached表示“被提出”，beraised可以做同義替換，表示被提出。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Ifyouaskanagenttohelpyoufindanapartment,youhavetopayhima（

）beforeyoucanrentthehouse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fine

B.premise

C.premium

D.visit

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fine“罰款”；premise“前提，假定”；premium“額外費(fèi)用，獎(jiǎng)金，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)”；visit“訪問，參觀”。句意：如果你讓中介幫你找公寓，在你租房前需要支付額外費(fèi)用給他。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Ifapersonfailstoconformtoconventionalbehavior,heislikelytobebyothers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preserved

B.instructed

C.avoided

D.selected

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息failstoconformtoconventionalbehavior可知，這種行為不合常規(guī)。那么別人有可能會(huì)因此生厭，敬而遠(yuǎn)之。詞組beavoidedbyothers表示“被他人遠(yuǎn)離（或排擠）”，最符合句意，A選項(xiàng)preserved表示“保護(hù)，保存”；B選項(xiàng)instructed表示“指示，教育，指導(dǎo)”；C選項(xiàng)表示“”；D選項(xiàng)selected表示“選擇，挑選”。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)?！揪湟狻咳绻粋€(gè)人行為不合常規(guī)，那么別人很可能對他敬而遠(yuǎn)之。

6.問答題

DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablish

families.Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomen

A

andbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethanahundredyearsofsteady

B

C

decline,producingthe"babyboom."

D

【答案】試題答案：B;high

【解析】考查形容詞。此處表示他們把男女的婚齡降了下來，使出生率達(dá)到了20世紀(jì)的高峰。height是名詞，一般表示“高度”；high是形容詞，一般表示“很高的”，修飾名詞。

7.填空題

Ann（1）bominLondonbutshe（2）upinScotland

【答案】1.was

2.grew

【解析】1.固定搭配。Bebornin出生于。這里應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。

2.固定搭配。growup成長。

8.單選題

Ministersalsohopedthatemployerswouldcutoutovermanningandrootoutinefficiency,evenifthisledtoatemporary（

）inunemployment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excess

B.surge

C.lure

D.spur

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)excess“超過，過量”；B選項(xiàng)surge“洶涌；波濤；激增”；C選項(xiàng)lure“誘惑；餌”；D選項(xiàng)spur“馬刺；鞭策；支線”。句意：部長們還希望雇主們能減少人員過剩，根除低效率，即使這會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)人數(shù)短暫······。句中“cutourovermanningandrootoutinefficiency（減少人員過剩，根除低效率）”會(huì)造成失業(yè)人口猛增，因此B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.單選題

Beforetheplane（

）,thepilotbailedout.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.clashed

B.crashed

C.smashed

D.struck

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)clash“沖突、撞擊”；B選項(xiàng)crash“碰撞、墜毀”；C選項(xiàng)smash“粉碎、撞擊”；D選項(xiàng)strike“罷工、撞擊”，根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“plane飛機(jī)”可聯(lián)系crash“碰撞、墜毀”符合語境，句意為：飛機(jī)墜毀前，飛行員跳傘逃生。故正確答案選B。

10.單選題

Despitehis____planning,theexpositionturnedouttobeafailure.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exquisite

B.exhausted

C.elaborate

D.insufficient

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.exquisite精美的；精致的B.exhausted筋疲力盡的；疲憊不堪的

C.elaborate詳盡的；精心制作的D.insufficient不充分的；不足的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：盡管他……的計(jì)劃，博覽會(huì)還是以失敗告終。根據(jù)邏輯，這里存在一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，后半句講博覽會(huì)是失敗的，則可以推測前半句中他的計(jì)劃應(yīng)該是精心制作的，但是博覽會(huì)以失敗告終。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】盡管他精心策劃，博覽會(huì)還是失敗了。

11.單選題

Theactoramusedtheaudienceby______somewell-knownpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.embroidering

B.rigging

C.yelping

D.mimicking

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.embroidering繡花，刺繡B.rigging索具，繩索；傳動(dòng)裝置n.

C.yelping尖叫D.mimicking模仿，戲弄

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由關(guān)鍵信息amusedtheaudience（取悅觀眾）以及well-knownpeople（名人）可知，這位演員是通過模仿名人來取悅觀眾，因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】這個(gè)演員模仿一些名人來逗樂觀眾。

12.單選題

Ahighlifeexpectancycoupledwithahighcrudebirthrate[A]makesitdifficulttoincreasepercapitaGNP.Finally,peoplehavedifferentviewson[B]whatistheproperrateofpopulation.Somefeelthattheearthistoocrowdedalreadyand[C]thatsocietiesshouldworkforzeropopulationgrowth—theconditioninwhichtheaveragenumberofbirthsanddeaths[D]balancessothatapopulationstopsgrowing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makesitdifficult

B.what

C.that

D.balances

【答案】B

【解析】考查賓語從句。B選項(xiàng)處為賓語從句，如果使用what，主謂應(yīng)為正序：whattheproperrateofpopulationis。因此此處應(yīng)將what改為which。

13.寫作題

Directions:

Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould

1)describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and

2)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

【答案】參考范文

Asisshowninthetwopictures,thesameflowerhasdifferentfatewhenputindifferentsituations.Whenthereisprotection,theflowerbloomsbeautifully.However,whenexposeddirectlytorainandstorm,theflowerquicklywithers.Wecansafelycometotheconclusionthatgreenhouseflowerscannotwithstandrainandstorm.

Thesameistruewithourchildren.Astheone-childpolicyisadoptedinChina,moreandmoreparentsoverprotecttheirchildren.Witheverythingdoneforthemandeveryneedsatisfiedbytheirparentsorgrandparents,theseonlychildrenseemtobehealthy,happyandhigh-spirited.Butwhentheyleavehome,theybecomedisappointedandfrustrated.Facingharshthingstheyhaveneverexperiencedbefore,suchascompetitionfrompeers,criticismfromsupervisors,pressurefordeadlinesandrestrictionfordiscipline,theywillbeataloss,miserableorevendesperate.Infact,themoreprotectiontheygetfromtheirparents,thelessabilitytheyacquire.Parents’lovefortheirchildrenturnsouttobeadisaster.

Children,likeflowers,shouldbetreatedwithcare,butreasonableandsensiblewaysofdoingthingswillhelptobringaboutmorefruitfulresults,ifwenotonlyloveourchildrenbutalsoteachthemhowtolove,ourlovewillbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration;ifwenotonlysolveproblemsforourchildrenbutalsoencouragethemtosolveproblems,ourdiligenceandingenuitywillmakeourlifemoremeaningfulandworthwhile.

14.單選題

Hisspeechwascarefuland（）,buthiswordsseemedtomakenosense.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinct

B.distract

C.distinguishable

D.diligent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distinct“清楚的，明顯的，獨(dú)特的”；B選項(xiàng)distract“轉(zhuǎn)移，分心”；C選項(xiàng)distinguishable“可區(qū)分的”；D選項(xiàng)diligent“勤勉的，用功的”。根據(jù)句意“他的講話仔細(xì)而清晰，但這些言語似乎毫無意義?！边x項(xiàng)A符合句意。

15.單選題

Diasporanetworks—ofHuguenots,Scots,Jewsandmanyothers—havealwaysbeenapotenteconomicforce,butthecheapnessandeaseofmoderntravelhasmadethemlargerandmorenumerousthaneverbefore.Therearenow215mfirst-generationmigrantsaroundtheworld:that’s3%oftheworld’spopulation.Iftheywereanation,itwouldbe:littlelargerthanBrazil.TherearemoreChinesepeoplelivingoutsideChinathanthereareFrenchpeopleinFrance.Some22mIndiansarescatteredallovertheglobe.Smallconcentrationsofethnicandlinguisticgroupshavealwaysbeenfoundinsurprisingplaces.

Thesenetworksofkinshipandlanguagemakeiteasiertodobusinessacrossborders.Theyspeedtheflowofinformation:aChinesetraderinIndonesiawhospotsagapinthemarketforcheapumbrellaswillalerthiscousininShenzhenwhoknowssomeonewhorunsanumbrellafactory.Kinshiptiesfostertrust,sotheycansealthedealandgettheunbrellastoJakartabeforetherainyseasonends.Trustmatters,especiallyinemergingmarketswheretheruleoflawisweak.Sodoesaknowledgeofthelocalculture.ThatiswhysomuchforeigndirectinvestmentinChinastillpassesthroughtheChinesediaspora.Andmoderncommunicationsmakethesenetworksanevenmorepowerfultoolofbusiness.Diasporasalsohelpspreadideas.Manyoftheemergingworld’sbrightestmindsareeducatedatWesternuniversities.Anincreasingnumbergohome,takingwiththembothknowledgeandcontacts.IndiancomputerscientistsinBangalorebounceideasconstantlyofftheirIndianfriendsinSiliconValley.Diasporasspreadmoney,too.Migrantsintorichcountriesnotonlysendcashtotheirfamilies;theyalsohelpcompaniesintheirhostcountryoperateintheirhomecountry.AHarvardBusinessSchoolstudyshowsthatAmericancompaniesthatemploylotsofethnicChinesepeoplefinditmucheasiertosetupinChinawithoutajointventurewithalocalfirm.

Suchargumentsareunlikelytomakemuchheadwayagainsthostilitytowardsimmigrantsinrichcountries.Furyagainstforeignersisusuallybasedontwonotions:thatbecausesomanymigrantsclaimwelfaretheyareadrainonthepublicpurse;andthatbecausetheyarepreparedtoworkharderforlesspaytheywilldepressthewagesofthoseatthebottomofthepile.

Thefirstisusuallynottrue,andthesecondishardtoestablisheitherway.Somestudiesdoindeedsuggestthatcompetitionfromunskilledimmigrantsdepressesthewagesofunskilledlocals.Butothersfindthiseffecttobesmallornon-existent.Norisitpossibletoestablishtheimpactofmigrationonoverallgrowth.Thesumsaresimplytoodifficult.Yettherearegoodreasonsforbelievingthatitislikelytobepositive.Migrantstendtobehard-workingandinnovative.Thatspursproductivityandcompanyformation.And,bylinkingtheWestwithemergingmarkets,diasporashelprichcountriestoplugintofast-growingeconomies.

Richcountriesarethuslikelytobenefitfromlooserimmigrationpolicy;andfearsthatpoorcountrieswillsufferasaresultofa“braindrain”areoverblown.Theprospectofworkingabroadspursmorepeopletoacquirevaluableskills,andnotallsubsequentlyemigrate.Skilledmigrantssendmoneyhome,andtheyoftenreturntosetupnewbusinesses.Onestudyfoundthatunlesstheylosemorethan20%oftheiruniversitygraduates,thebraindrainmakespoorcountriesricher.

Governmentaswellasbusinessgainsfromthespreadofideasthroughdiasporas.Asfortheoldworld,itsdesiretocloseitsbordersisunderstandablebutdangerous.Migrationbringsyouthtoageingcountries,andallowsideastocirculateinmillionsofmobileminds.Thatisgoodbothforthosewhoarrivewithsuitcasesanddreamsandforthosewhoshouldwelcomethem.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdefines“diasporanetworks”?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueconcerningthemeritsofdiaspora?

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsdiaspora?

4.Inparagraph6theword“overblown”mostlikelyrefersto（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorseemstosuggestEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thetiesoftravelers,immigrants,emigrants,etc.

B.Socialconnectionsofpeoplewhoaredispersedfromtheirhomeland.

C.Thesenseofkinshipfeltbyethnicminoritiesorpeoplefromdevelopingcountries.

D.Thesocialtiesofmigrantsresidinginvariedcountries.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itfacilitatesinformationacquisition.

B.Itprovidesemergingcountrieswithmoreknowledgeandtechnologies.

C.Itstimulatestheestablishmentofforeign-fundedenterprisesinmigrants’homecountry.

D.ItinfusesenergyintotheWesternworld.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.favorable

B.neutral

C.critical

D.ambiguous

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.devastating

B.blooming

C.exaggerated

D.out-dated

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.braindrainwillmakepoorcountriesricherthanbeforeifundercontrol

B.seaturtlesarewillingtobuildamoredemocraticcountry

C.thedevelopedcountryshouldbetoleranttowardsmigrants

D.workingabroadisalluringtopeopleallaroundtheworld

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。全文講到diasporanetworks都是說的移民者之間的關(guān)系，在第二段中aChinesetraderinIndonesiawhospotsagapinthemarketforcheapumbrellaswillalerthiscousininShenzhenwhoknowssomeonewhorunsanumbrellafactory.（一個(gè)在印度尼西亞的中國商人發(fā)現(xiàn)了廉價(jià)雨傘市場的缺口，就會(huì)提醒他在深圳的表哥，而他的表哥認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)開傘廠的人。）因此B選項(xiàng)“背井離鄉(xiāng)的人們的社會(huì)聯(lián)系”是最佳答案，原文也有講述很多關(guān)于離開家鄉(xiāng)的人在異國的發(fā)展，以及和家鄉(xiāng)的聯(lián)系；A選項(xiàng)“旅行者、移民、移民等的關(guān)系”；C選項(xiàng)“少數(shù)民族或發(fā)展中國家人民的親近感”以及D選項(xiàng)“居住在不同國家的移民的社會(huì)關(guān)系”，都不夠準(zhǔn)確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)在第二段的第一句Thesenetworksofkinshipandlanguagemakeiteasiertodobusinessacrossborders.Theyspeedtheflowofinformation（這些親屬關(guān)系和語言網(wǎng)絡(luò)使跨境貿(mào)易變得更容易。它們加快了信息的流通），因此A選項(xiàng)“方便信息獲取”是文章提到的；B選項(xiàng)在第三段Diasporasalsohelpspreadideas.Manyofthe...takingwiththembothknowledgeandcontacts.（散居者也有助于傳播思想。許多新興世界最聰明的人都在西方大學(xué)接受教育。越來越多的人帶著知識(shí)和人脈回家。）因此B選項(xiàng)“它為新興國家提供了更多的知識(shí)和技術(shù)”也是文章提及了的；C選項(xiàng)也在第三段AHarvardBusiness...withoutajointventurewithalocalfirm.（哈佛商學(xué)院的一項(xiàng)研究表明，雇傭大量華裔員工的美國公司發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果不與當(dāng)?shù)毓境闪⒑腺Y企業(yè)，在中國成立公司要容易得多。）也就說明他們更加愿意去那些移民者的原生國家，因此C選項(xiàng)“它刺激了外資企業(yè)在移民者原生國家的建立”文章也是有提及的；而D選項(xiàng)“它為西方世界注入了活力”沒有直接的語句可以證明這一點(diǎn)，因此D選項(xiàng)當(dāng)選。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者在文章中對這種移居現(xiàn)象是很支持的，在第五段中作者說到And,bylinkingtheWestwithemergingmarkets,diasporashelprichcountriestoplugintofast-growingeconomies.（通過將西方與新興市場聯(lián)系起來，海外移民幫助富裕國家融入快速增長的經(jīng)濟(jì)體。）以及第六段中Richcountriesarethuslikelytobenefitfromlooserimmigrationpolicy;andfearsthatpoorcountrieswillsufferasaresultofa“braindrain”areoverblown.（因此，富裕國家可能會(huì)從寬松的移民政策中獲益；而對于窮國將因“人才外流”而受苦的擔(dān)憂也是言過其實(shí)的。）都是表達(dá)了這種移民對于發(fā)達(dá)國家的益處；而在最后一段中則說到了這種移民對于發(fā)展中國家的益處，Governmentaswellasbusinessgainsfromthespreadofideasthrough...isgoodbothforthosewhoarrivewithsuitcasesanddreamsandforthosewhoshouldwelcomethem.（政府和企業(yè)都從散居海外的思想傳播中獲益。至于舊世界，其關(guān)閉邊界的愿望是可以理解的，但也是危險(xiǎn)的。移民把年輕人帶到老齡化國家，讓思想在數(shù)百萬流動(dòng)的頭腦中傳播，這對那些帶著手提箱和夢想來到這里的人和那些應(yīng)該歡迎他們的人都有好處。）可見在作者看來這種移民無論是對于誰來說都是有益處的，因此作者對于這種移民應(yīng)該是支持的，A選項(xiàng)“贊成的，贊許的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“中立的”；C選項(xiàng)“批評的”以及D選項(xiàng)“模棱兩可的”都是不正確的。

4.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第七段Richcountriesarethuslikelytobenefitfromlooserimmigrationpolicy;andfearsthatpoorcountrieswillsufferasaresultofa“braindrain”areoverblown.（因此，富裕國家可能會(huì)從寬松的移民政策中獲益；而對于窮國將遭受“人才外流”而受苦的擔(dān)憂也是言過其實(shí)的。）這里根據(jù)后面所說的Skilledmigrantssendmoneyhome,andtheyoftenreturntosetupnewbusinesses.（技術(shù)移民寄錢回家，他們經(jīng)常回來創(chuàng)辦新企業(yè)。）可以看出來，作者在這句話中并不支持人才外流這種說法，因此他應(yīng)該是認(rèn)為這種說法過于夸張，因此C選項(xiàng)“夸張的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“毀滅性的，全然的”，語義過重；B選項(xiàng)“盛開的，妙齡的”，不符合句意；D選項(xiàng)“過時(shí)的”，不正確。

5.判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)在第六段Theprospectofworkingabroadspursmorepeople...thebraindrainmakespoorcountriesricher.（出國工作的前景促使更多的人獲得有價(jià)值的技能。并不是所有的人隨后都移居國外。有技術(shù)的移民會(huì)寄錢回家，他們經(jīng)?；貋韯?chuàng)辦新企業(yè)。一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，除非窮國失去超過20%的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生，否則人才外流會(huì)讓窮國變得更富有。）可以看出A選項(xiàng)“如果能得到控制，人才外流將使貧窮國家比以前更富有”是文章中認(rèn)為正確的；B選項(xiàng)在第三段Diasporasalsohelpspreadideas.Manyoftheemergingworld’sbrightestmindsareeducatedatWesternuniversities.Anincreasingnumbergohome,takingwiththembothknowledgeandcontacts.（散居者也有助于傳播思想。許多新興世界最聰明的人都是在西方大學(xué)接受教育的。越來越多的人帶著知識(shí)和人脈回家。）而西方國家大部分都是民主國家，因此他們會(huì)將民主思想帶回家，B選項(xiàng)“海龜們愿意建立一個(gè)更加民主的國家”正確；C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)達(dá)國家應(yīng)該對移民持寬容態(tài)度”，在第五段中And,bylinkingtheWestwithemergingmarkets,diasporashelprichcountriestoplugintofast-growingeconomies.（通過將西方與新興市場聯(lián)系起來，海外移民幫助富裕國家融入快速增長的經(jīng)濟(jì)體。）以及第六段中Richcountriesarethuslikelytobenefitfromlooserimmigrationpolicy;andfearsthatpoorcountrieswillsufferasaresultofa“braindrain”areoverblown.（因此，富裕國家可能會(huì)從寬松的移民政策中獲益；而對于窮國將因“人才外流”而受苦的擔(dān)憂也是言過其實(shí)的。）也就是說，作者是鼓勵(lì)西方國家接受移民的，C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)達(dá)國家應(yīng)該對移民持寬容態(tài)度”，也是文章觀點(diǎn)；D選項(xiàng)“在國外工作對世界各地的人都很有吸引力”是文章沒有特別體現(xiàn)的。

16.單選題

Thedetectiveandhisassistanthavebegunto______themysteriousmurder.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comethrough

B.lookinto

C.makeover

D.seeto

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)comethrough“經(jīng)歷；安然度過；獲得成功”；B選項(xiàng)lookinto“調(diào)查；觀察；窺視；瀏覽；看”；C選項(xiàng)makeover“轉(zhuǎn)讓；移交；修改”；D選項(xiàng)seeto“注意；負(fù)責(zé)；照料”。句意：偵探和他的助手已經(jīng)開始調(diào)查那宗神秘的謀殺案。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.翻譯題

FiveNationalHealthService(NHS)trustshavesignedpartnershipswithGoogletoprocesssensitivepatientrecords,inwhatarebelievedtobethefirstdealsoftheirkind.ThecollaborationscameafterDeepMind,theLondon-basedartificialintelligencecompanyownedbyAlphabet,transferredcontrolofitshealthdivisiontoitsCalifornianparent.DeepMindhadcontractstoprocessmedicaldatafromsixNHStruststodevelopitsapp,whichalertsdoctorsandnurseswhenpatientsareatriskofacutekidneyinjury,aswellastoconductAIresearch.FiveofthetrustschosetosigncontractswithGoogle.AccordingtopapersfromtheRoyalFree,thedatathatwillbesharedwithGooglewillincludedetailssuchasmedicalhistory,diagnoses,treatmentdatesandethnicorigin.

【答案】【參考譯文】英國國家醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系的五家信托公司與谷歌簽署了合作伙伴關(guān)系，以處理敏感的患者記錄，這被認(rèn)為是此類交易的首次。此前，總部位于倫敦的Alphabet旗下人工智能公司DeepMind將其醫(yī)療部門的控制權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓給了位于加州的母公司。DeepMind與NHS簽訂了合同，處理來自6個(gè)信托機(jī)構(gòu)的醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)，以開發(fā)自己的應(yīng)用，以及進(jìn)行人工智能研究。當(dāng)患者面臨急性腎損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，該應(yīng)用會(huì)向醫(yī)生和護(hù)士發(fā)出警報(bào)。其中5家信托公司選擇與谷歌簽訂合同。根據(jù)皇家自由報(bào)的文件，谷歌將共享的數(shù)據(jù)包括病史、診斷、治療日期和種族等細(xì)節(jié)。

18.單選題

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpointsperiodscountries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone'sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalogchildhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytiC.Theoldquestions"Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?havegivenwaytothequestion“Whydidithappen?”,ProminentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestionWhy"ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistoiydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.ButthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintenD."Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.ThiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstooditPsychohistoryderivesitsfacts"notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistoiy,anddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto.andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetohistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirthesesPsychohistories,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe"deepest"explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminesinthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandcircumstances.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainpointofthepassage?

2.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

3.Theauthormentionswhichofthefollowingasacharacteristicofthepracticeofpsychohistorians?

4.Theauthorofthepassageputstheword"deepest"(ParA.3)inquotationmarksmostprobablyinorderto（）.

5.Inpresentingheranalysis,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theapproachofpsychohistorianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyinvogueeventhoughittackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod

B.Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesandfindingsofpsychohistorians

C.Areasofsociologicalstudysuchaschildhoodandworkareoflittleinteresttotraditionalhistorians.

D.Thepsychologicalassessmentofanindividual'sbehaviorandattitudesismorenormativethanthedetailsofhisorherdailylife

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whataresomespecificexamplesoftheuseofpsychohistoryinhistoricalinterpretation?

B.Whenweretheconventionsgoverningthepracticeoftraditionalhistoiyfirstestablished?

C.Whendotraditionalhistoriansconsiderpsychologicalexplanationsofhistoricalexplanationsofhistoricaldevelopmentsappropriate?

D.Whatisthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidencerequiredbytraditionalhistorians?

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thelivesofhistoricalfiguresarepresentedinepisodicratherthinnarrativeform

B.Archivesusedbypsychohistorianstogathermaterialarenotaccessibletootherscholars

C.Pastandcurrenteventsareallplacedwithinthesamedeterministicdiagram.

D.Eventsintheadultlifeofahistoricalfigureareseentobemoreconsequentialthanarethoseinthechildhoodofthefigure

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.signalherreservationsabouttheaccuracyofpsychohistoriars'claimsfortheirwork

B.drawattentiontoacontradictioninthepsychohistoriansmethod

C.emphasizethemajordifferencebetweenthetraditionalhistorians'methodandthatofhistorians

D.disassociateheropinionofthepsychohistorians'claimsfromheropinionoftheirmethod

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Makegeneralstatementswithoutreferencetospecificexamples

B.Describesomeofthecriteriaemployedbytraditionalhistorians

C.Questiontheadequacyofthepsycholistorians'interpretationofevents

D.Pointoutinconsistenciesinthepsychohistorians’applicationoftheirmethods

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文分析可見，本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是包含“psychohistory”和“history”概念的選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)翻譯為：“心理學(xué)史家對歷史研究的態(tài)度，盡管它突破了傳統(tǒng)史學(xué)方法的嚴(yán)密性和可驗(yàn)證性，但目前仍在流行”。綜合考慮，該選項(xiàng)符合題意，正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第三段“Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.”，中文翻譯為：“它（即心理、歷史學(xué)）否定歷史證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即歷史證據(jù)是大家都可以獲取的，因此可被所有的歷史學(xué)家評價(jià)”可推斷出D項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家需要的歷史證據(jù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么”正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵短語“psychohistorians”可以定位到答案信息在原文第三、四段。但是三、四段沒有給出本題答案的具體信息。綜合考慮，一般人們闡述問題的規(guī)律為：理論到實(shí)踐。故最佳答案為C項(xiàng)“過去和現(xiàn)在的事件都放在同一個(gè)確定性狀態(tài)圖中”。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文第三段“Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.”，中文翻譯為：它（即心理歷史學(xué)）否定歷史證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即歷史證據(jù)是大家都可以獲取的，因此可被所有的歷史學(xué)家評價(jià)。以及原文“Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories.”，中文翻譯為：“心理歷史學(xué)家確信自己理論的絕對正確?！苯Y(jié)合語境可以得出A項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。選項(xiàng)A可定位到文章第三段第六、七、八句，選項(xiàng)B可定位到文章第一段第一、二句，選項(xiàng)C可以定位到第三段的尾句。因此選擇D項(xiàng)。

19.翻譯題

Craftymencondemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatthereisawisdomwithoutthem,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.Readnottocontradictandconfute;nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkanddiscourse;buttoweighandconsider.

【答案】有實(shí)際才干的人鄙薄書本；頭腦簡單的人羨慕書本；只有聰明人才會(huì)運(yùn)用書本。因?yàn)闀旧聿⒉唤倘巳绾芜\(yùn)用，運(yùn)用之道，乃在書外，且高于書本，唯有通過觀察才能學(xué)到。讀書時(shí)不可存心與作者辯難，不可以輕信盲從，也不可尋章摘句，作為談資，而須權(quán)衡與琢磨。

20.單選題

Ifyoucan’tgiveupsmokingcompletely,atleasttryto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takedown

B.turndown

C.cutdown

D.setdown

【答案】C

【解析】takedown放下,記下；turndown關(guān)小,調(diào)低；cutdown削減,減少；settledown定居,專心于。句意:如果你不能完全戒煙,至少應(yīng)該試著減少吸煙。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

21.單選題

Alotofantsarealwaysinvadingmykitchen.Theyareathorough______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nuisance

B.trouble

C.worry

D.anxiety

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)nuisance“麻煩事，討厭的人（或東西）”；B選項(xiàng)trouble“困難”；C選項(xiàng)worry“令人擔(dān)憂的事”；D選項(xiàng)anxiety“焦慮”。句意：我的廚房里總是有很多螞蟻。它們就是十足的______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是這些螞蟻非常讓人心煩，A選項(xiàng)nuisance“麻煩事，討厭的人（或東西）”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

22.翻譯題

Atthestartofthe21stcentury,humankindfindsitselfonanon-sustainablecourse—thecoursethat,unlessitischanged,couldleadtograndscalecatastrophes.Atthesametime,weareunlockingformidablenewcapabilitiesthatleadtomoreexcitinglivesandgloriouscivilizations.Thiscouldbeeitherhumanity’slastcenturyorthecenturythatsetstheworldonacoursetowardaspectacularfuture.

Weliveonasmall,beautifulandatotallyisolatedplanet,butitspopulationisbecomingtoolarge;enormousnewconsumersocietiesaregrowing,ofwhichChinaisthelargest;andtechnologyisbecomingpowerfulenoughtowrecktheplanet.Wearetravelingatbreakneckspeedintoanageoftheextremes—extremesinwealthandpoverty,extremesintechnologyandtheexperimentsthatscientistswanttoperform,extremeforcesofglobalism,weaponsofmassdestructionandterroristsactinginthenameofreligion.Ifwearetosurvive,wehavetolearnhowtomanagethissituation.

Thesetofproblemshasasetofsolutions.Ifwehumansimplementthesesolutions,wecangraduallyachievesustainabledevelopmentandasustainablebutaffluentlife.Workingtowardsustainabilityrequiresmanydifferenttypesofactionsindifferentsubjectareas.Inlightofrapidlyadvancingtechnology,however,sustainabilityaloneisnotenough.Weneedtobeconcernedwithsurvivability.Theremustbeamoveawayfromtheuntenablecourseweareontodaytowardaworldwherewelearntocontrolthediverseforcesweareunleashing.

【答案】【參考譯文】在21世紀(jì)開始之際，人類意識(shí)到自己正走上了一條走不下去的路。除非改變方向，否則這條路會(huì)將人類引向巨大的災(zāi)難?？墒峭瑫r(shí)，我們也正釋放出種種新的巨大潛能，而借助這些潛能，人類能迎來各種更令人激動(dòng)的生活和更光輝的文明。這可能是人類的最后一個(gè)世紀(jì)，但也可能是人類撥正航程，朝光輝燦爛未來駛?cè)サ囊粋€(gè)世紀(jì)。

我們生活在一個(gè)與其他星球隔絕的美麗的小星球上，但是地球的人口已經(jīng)太多；龐大的新興消費(fèi)社會(huì)正在成長，而中國是其中最大的一個(gè)；科技也正變得無比強(qiáng)大到足以毀壞這個(gè)星球。我們正瘋狂地奔向一個(gè)極端的時(shí)代：極端的富有，極端的貧困，極端的科學(xué)技術(shù)，極端的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，極端的全球化影響力，大規(guī)模毀滅性武器，還有以宗教名義進(jìn)行的恐怖活動(dòng)。假如想要逃此一劫，我們就得學(xué)會(huì)如何駕馭這一形勢。

這一系列的問題也有一系列的解決方案。如果我們?nèi)祟惸軐⑦@些方案付諸實(shí)施，我們就能漸漸地達(dá)到可持續(xù)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)，享有一種既可持續(xù)但仍富裕的生活。達(dá)到可持續(xù)這個(gè)目標(biāo)需要在不同的領(lǐng)域采取不同的行動(dòng)。然而考慮到科技的快速發(fā)展，僅僅可持續(xù)是不夠的。我們需要關(guān)注能否存活。我們必須放棄今日我們采取的已無出路的方向，朝一個(gè)新方向前行，而新世界要求我們學(xué)會(huì)掌控我們釋放出的各種能量。

23.單選題

Asuitcasewithshirts,trousers,andshoes（

）stolenfromthecar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havebeen

B.ha