書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華東師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Cancerisfearedbyeveryone.Andthisfearisreachingepidemiclevel.Notthediseaseitself—thereisnosuchthingasacancerepidemic.Exceptforlungcancer,mostlycausedbycigarettesmoking,theincidenceratesarelevelingoff,andinthecaseofsomekindsofcanceraredecreasing.Butthefearofcanceriscatching,andthecountrystandsatriskofananxiety.Theearthitselfiscomingtoseemlikeahugecarcinogen(致癌物).Theordinary,moreorlessscientificstatementthatsomethingbetween80and90percentofallcancersareduetothingsintheenvironmentistakentomeanthatnoneofuswillbesafeuntilthewholeenvironmentis“cleanedup.”Thisisnotatallthemeaning.The80-percentcalculationisbasedontheunthinkabledifferencesintheincidenceofcancerinvarioussocietiesaroundtheworld—forexample,thehighproportionoflivercancerinAfricaandtheFarEast,stomachcancerinJapan,breastcancerinWesternEuropeandNorthAmerica,andtherelativelylowfiguresforbreastcancerinJapanandpartsofAfricaandforlivercancerinAmerica.Thesedataindicatetheremaybespecialandspecificenvironmentalinfluences,largelybasedonpersonallife-style,thatdeterminetheincidenceofvariousformsofcancerindifferentcommunities—butthatisallthedatasuggest.Theoverallincidenceofcancer,countingupallthecases,isprobableroughlythesameeverywhere.

1.Whichofthefollowingisclosesttomeaningtothephrase“l(fā)evelingoff’？

2.Accordingtothepassage,theincidenceofcancerisgenerallybelieve_____.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthewriter’sopinionabouttherelationshipbetweencancerandenvironmentis_____.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thewriterseemstofeelthat_____.

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestTITLEforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Becameverypopular

B.Reacheditslowestlevelinpopularity

C.Stoppedbeingpopular

D.Stoppedincreasingitspopularity

問題2選項

A.tobebasedoninactivelifestyle

B.tobeduetoanxiety

C.toresultfromenvironmentalinfluences

D.tobecausedbyheavysmoking

問題3選項

A.positive

B.negative

C.neutral

D.approving

問題4選項

A.cancerriskisontherise

B.thewholeearthresemblesahugecarcinogen

C.theriskofcatchingcancerisnotsogreatasmostpeopleconceive

D.cancercanbecuredsoonerorlater

問題5選項

A.CancerandEnvironment

B.TheFearCausedbyCancers

C.DataonCancerIncidence

D.CanceranditsInvestigation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.詞匯推斷題。第一步，句中前后信息銜接，定位到文章第三四句話Exceptforlungcancer,mostlycausedbycigarettesmoking,theincidenceratesarelevelingoff,andinthecaseofsomekindsofcanceraredecreasing.Butthefearofcanceriscatching,andthecountrystandsatriskofananxiety.“除主要由吸煙引起的肺癌外，其他癌癥的發(fā)病率（），某些癌癥的發(fā)病率正在下降。但是對癌癥的恐懼正在蔓延，這個國家面臨著焦慮的風(fēng)險”，第二步，上下文語義銜接exceptfor這里是一個狀語，and連接兩個句子，這兩個句子之間存在并列或者遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，后面的句子是一些癌癥正在減少，所以levelingoff應(yīng)該是減少或者持平、平穩(wěn)的意思，從后面那句的連詞but也可知，前面的句意也是but后面的意思相反，也就是癌癥雖然發(fā)病率減少但是對癌癥的恐懼卻正在增加，由此可知答案選D選項“不再增長”；

A選項“變得受歡迎”不符題意，屬于無中生有；

B選項“達(dá)到最低水平”，不符題意，屬于無中生有；

C選項“不再受歡迎”，不符題意，屬于無中生有。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第六句Theordinary,moreorlessscientificstatementthatsomethingbetween80and90percentofallcancersareduetothingsintheenvironmentistakentomeanthatnoneofuswillbesafeuntilthewholeenvironmentis“cleanedup”.“一般來說，80%到90%的癌癥都是由環(huán)境因素造成的，這種說法多少有些科學(xué)依據(jù)，但它意味著，在整個環(huán)境得到‘清理’之前，我們誰也不會安全”。第二步，綜合理解，從這里可知答案選C選項“受環(huán)境的影響”；

A選項“以消極的生活方式為基礎(chǔ)”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項“由于焦慮”定位到第四句，Butthefearofcanceriscatching,andthecountrystandsatriskofananxiety“但是對癌癥的恐懼正在蔓延，這個國家面臨著焦慮的風(fēng)險”，這里講的是國家處于焦慮的風(fēng)險，而不是人因為焦慮增加患癌的風(fēng)險，這里屬于出處錯誤；

D選項“因為酗煙”定位到第三句Exceptforlungcancer,mostlycausedbycigarettesmoking,“除了肺癌，肺癌主要是由吸煙引起的”，這里單指吸煙增加患肺癌的風(fēng)險但是題干是指的是患癌癥，肺癌只是癌癥的一種，這里屬于以偏概全。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到文章倒數(shù)一二句thesedataindicatetheremaybespecialandspecificenvironmentalinfluences,largelybasedonpersonallife-style,thatdeterminetheincidenceofvariousformsofcancerindifferentcommunities—butthatisallthedatasuggest.Theoverallincidenceofcancer,countingupallthecases,isprobableroughlythesameeverywhere.“這些數(shù)據(jù)表明，可能有一些特殊的、具體的環(huán)境影響，很大程度上取決于個人的生活方式，決定了不同社區(qū)中各種癌癥的發(fā)病率——但這只是所有數(shù)據(jù)所表明的。如果把所有病例都計算在內(nèi)，癌癥的總體發(fā)病率可能在世界各地都大致相同”。第二步，綜合理解，從這里可知作者認(rèn)為環(huán)境對健康的其實是沒有影響的，有影響的是人們的生活方式，由此作者的態(tài)度是比較客觀的，答案選C“中立的”；

A選項“積極的”，見正確選項，不符合題意，屬于偷換概念；

B選項“消極的”見正確選項，不符合題意，屬于偷換概念；

D選項“贊成的”，見正確選項，不符合題意，屬于偷換概念。

4.推理判斷題，第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到第三四句話，Exceptforlungcancer,mostlycausedbycigarettesmoking,theincidenceratesarelevelingoff,andinthecaseofsomekindsofcanceraredecreasing.Butthefearofcanceriscatching,andthecountrystandsatriskofananxiety“除主要由吸煙引起的肺癌外，其他癌癥的發(fā)病率趨于平穩(wěn)，某些癌癥的發(fā)病率正在下降。但是對癌癥的恐懼正在蔓延，這個國家面臨著焦慮的風(fēng)險”。第二步，尋找上下文線索，從這里可以知道其實癌癥已經(jīng)沒有那么可怕了但是人們對患癌癥的恐懼卻越來越強(qiáng)烈，由此推斷C選項“患癌癥的風(fēng)險沒有大多數(shù)人想象的那么大”正確；

A選項“癌癥風(fēng)險正在上升”，見正確選項解析，這里屬于反向干擾；

B選項“整個地球就像一個巨大的致癌物質(zhì)”定位到第五句話Theearthitselfiscomingtoseemlikeahugecarcinogen“地球本身看起來就像一種巨大的致癌物”，這里從句意上看B選項是這句話的同義替代，但是resemble一般指外表、形狀上的相似，seemlike指的是內(nèi)在的相似之處，所以B選項不選，這里屬于曲意理解；

D選項“癌癥遲早會被治愈的”文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

5.主旨大意題，分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)，文章從人們對癌癥的恐懼談起，說到人們對癌癥越來越恐懼，但作者覺得這是沒有必要的，因為癌癥的發(fā)病率趨于平緩。然后人們覺得地球本身就是致癌物，不同地區(qū)的人患不同癌癥的風(fēng)險也是不一樣的，但是作者覺得支持這個論點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)本身就存在著爭論，然后作者指出其實不是地球環(huán)境而是人們生活方式本身存在問題，而且它只計算了某個特殊的癌癥，如果把所有癌癥計算在內(nèi)其實全球地區(qū)的患癌率是差不多的，所以文章的具體內(nèi)容是講清楚癌癥和環(huán)境這件的關(guān)系，答案選A選項“癌癥和環(huán)境”；

B選項“癌癥造成的恐慌”，這只是文章的引入點(diǎn)，引入人們對癌癥的恐懼之后文章并沒有繼續(xù)探討恐懼帶來了什么作用或者恐懼的原因，這里屬于以偏概全；

C選項“癌癥的數(shù)據(jù)”，文章指出的數(shù)據(jù)是不同地區(qū)癌癥的發(fā)病率，這些數(shù)據(jù)提出來只是為了佐證文中人們的觀點(diǎn)，不是文章的主要想表達(dá)的意思，這里屬于推理過度所以不選；

D選項“癌癥和其調(diào)查”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有，所以不選。

2.單選題

Thelocalgovernmentisintensifyingeffortstopopularize（

）educationinrurallocalities.

問題1選項

A.instinctive

B.impulsive

C.compulsory

D.voluntary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。instinctive意為“天生的，生來的”；impulsive意為“沖動的”；compulsory意為“(因法律或規(guī)則而)必須做的，強(qiáng)制的”；voluntary意為“自愿的，自發(fā)的”。

句意：當(dāng)?shù)卣诩哟笈υ谵r(nóng)村地區(qū)普及義務(wù)教育。

3.單選題

Althoughsports（）thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsandroutine.

問題1選項

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管體育運(yùn)動在Joe的家庭中占主導(dǎo)地位，但是當(dāng)這些運(yùn)動影響到家庭傳統(tǒng)和日常事務(wù)時，他會放棄體育運(yùn)動。

考查動詞辨析。overwhelm淹沒，受打擊，覆蓋；affect影響，感染;dominate控制，支配：influence影響。根據(jù)后半句句意“當(dāng)這些運(yùn)動影響到家庭傳統(tǒng)和日常事務(wù)時，他會放棄體育運(yùn)動”以及轉(zhuǎn)折連詞although可知，C符合句意。

4.單選題

Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyreadlovinglettersfromthefamilies.

問題1選項

A.sentimental

B.affectionate

C.intimate

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。loving意為“愛的，充滿愛的”；sentimental意為“傷感的”；affectionate意為“深情的，摯愛的”；intimate意為“親密的，親近的”；sensitive意為“敏感的”。

句意：所有的海上石油探險家在讀家里寄來的充滿愛的信件時都興高采烈。

5.單選題

Idon’treallyknowjohnallthatwells;he’sjusta（

）acquaintance.

問題1選項

A.random

B.formal

C.haphazard

D.casual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。random意為“任意的”；formal意為“正規(guī)的”；haphazard意為“偶然的，隨意的”，一般指的是物；casual意為“偶然的”，acasualacquaintance意為“點(diǎn)頭之交，偶然相識”。

句意：我并不怎么了解約翰；我們只不過是泛泛之交。

6.單選題

Oneroomschools,withallsubjectsbeingtaughttoallgradesatthesametime,simply_____whenbettertransportationpermitsspecializedspacesandspecializedteaching.

問題1選項

A.resolved

B.absolved

C.dissolved

D.solved

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近動詞辨析。resolve“解決；決心要”；absolve“免除，赦免”；dissolve“溶解；解散”；solve“解決”。句意：只有一間教室的學(xué)校，所有科目同時教授給所有年級的學(xué)生，當(dāng)更好的交通條件允許有專門的空間和專門的教學(xué)時，就簡單地……。這里用“解散”更符合句意，因此C選項符合題意。

7.翻譯題

RawmaterialsandpartiallyfinishedgoodsaresenttospecialborderzonefactoriesinsideMexicowhereadditionalassemblyworkiscompletedonthegoods,whicharethentransferredbacktotheUnitedStates.Alldutiesarewaivedbybothgovernments,exceptonthevalueaddedbytheadditionalmanufacturingprocessestakingplaceinMexico.Obviously,themostdesirablebarterwouldbeforgoodsthefirmwouldotherwisehavetopurchaseontheopenmarket.Secondmostdesirablewouldbegoodsthattheglobalsourcingmanagerseesareadymarketforwherehardcurrencycanbeearnedfromtheirsale.

【答案】

原材料和半成品被送往墨西哥境內(nèi)的邊境特區(qū)工廠，在那里完成貨物的附加組裝工作，然后再被轉(zhuǎn)回美國。除了在墨西哥進(jìn)行的額外生產(chǎn)過程所增加的價值外，兩國政府對其他部分都放棄關(guān)稅。顯然，最理想的易貨交易對象是公司在自由市場上必須購買的商品。第二可取的是那些商品：全球采購經(jīng)理看到了一個現(xiàn)成的市場，可以從該商品的銷售中獲得硬通貨。

8.單選題

WalkthroughTimesSquare—you’rebombardedwithadvertising.Anditturnsout,abumblebeemighthaveasimilarfeeling,buzzingthroughafieldofflowers.“Sotheseflowersarethesebillboards,they’readvertisingacommodity,thisdeliciousnectar(花蜜)reward,andbeesareverypickyshoppers”,saysAnneLeonard,apollinationbiologistattheUniversityofNevada,Reno.

Shedescribesaflowerfieldasasortofpollinationmarketplace.“Beesarenectarexperts.Theyarereallygoodatassessingevenreallysmalldifferencesinthesugarconcentrationofnectar.”Theyalsoscopeoutflowershapeandsize,colorandscent.AndnowLeonardandhercolleagueshavediscoveredthatbumblebeesarealsosensitivetopollen.

Theyfoundthatoutbylacingbatchesofcherrypollenwitheithertablesugarorbitterquinine.Andtodisplaythepollentobees,“Wegotreallyintoit—westarted3-Dprintingflowersinourlab.”Andfortheanther—themaleflowerpart,whichpresentsthepollen—pipecleaners.“SoweboughtoutMichael’scraftstoresuppliesofthesepipecleanersandusedtheminourexperiments.”

Itturnsoutbeeswouldreturnagainandagaintothesamecolorflowerthatdispensedsweetpollen,andspendmoretimecollectingthere.Butwhenconfrontedwiththebitterpollen,theysoughtadifferentcoloredflowerfortheirverynextstop.Allofwhichsuggeststhat,inadditiontosavoringnectar,beestastepollentoo—andjudgeflowersbyit.TheresultsareinthejournalBiologyLetters.

Thefindingmeansthatplantshavetofindahappymedium:“Socanyoumakeyourpollenattractiveenoughthatthebeeswillcollectit,butdistastefulenoughthattheywon’tcollecttoomuchofit?”Andthatbalancingact,ofcarefullycalibratedchemistry(校準(zhǔn)化學(xué))—it’sjustoneofthemanytransactionsthatplaysoutinthebuzzingpollinationmarketplace,wheretheobjectistomakeasweetprofit.

1.Whatdoestheauthorcompareaflowerfieldto?

2.Whyarebeesdescribedasnectarexperts?

3.WhatareusedtopresentthepollenbyAnneandhercolleaguesintheirexperiments?

4.Howdobeeschoosewheretovisitinaflowerfieldaccordingtothepassage?

5.WhatdoAnneandhercolleagues’researchfindingssuggest?

問題1選項

A.TimesSquare.

B.Acommodity.

C.Abillboard.

D.Ashopper.

問題2選項

A.Becausetheyareabletodetectdifferencesinsugarlevelsofnectar.

B.Becausetheyarecapableofdiscerningdifferenttypesofflowers.

C.Becausetheyknowinstinctivelywheretocollectmorenectar.

D.Becausetheycoulddistinguishsweetpollenfrombitterone.

問題3選項

A.3-Dprinters.

B.Pipecleaners.

C.Sugar.

D.Quinine.

問題4選項

A.Bycolorandscentofflowers.

B.Bytasteofnectarandpollen.

C.Bymalenessorfemalenessofflowers.

D.Byshapeandsizeofflowers.

問題5選項

A.Calibratedchemistryisveryusefulinchangingthestructureofpollen.

B.Attractingmorebeestopollinatecouldmakeplantsmoreproductive.

C.Themorebeestobeattracted,thebetteritwillbeforthepollen.

D.Thetasteofpollencanbecontrolledforcommercialpurpose.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“WalkthroughTimesSquare—you’rebombardedwithadvertising.Anditturnsout,abumblebeemighthaveasimilarfeeling,buzzingthroughafieldofflowers.‘Sotheseflowersarethesebillboards,they’readvertisingacommodity,thisdeliciousnectar(花蜜)reward,andbeesareverypickyshoppers’（走過紐約時代廣場，你會被廣告不斷侵?jǐn)_。事實證明，熊蜂在嗡嗡地飛過花田時，可能會有類似的感覺。因為這些花朵就像是那些廣告牌，它們在為這些美味可口的花蜜打廣告，而蜜蜂就是那些非常挑剔的消費(fèi)者）”。由此可知作者把花田比作時代廣場，把花朵比作廣告牌。A選項“時代廣場”；B選項“一種商品”；C選項“廣告牌”；D選項“購物者”。B、C、D選項均不符合題意，因此A選項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Beesarenectarexperts.Theyarereallygoodatassessingevenreallysmalldifferencesinthesugarconcentrationofnectar.（蜜蜂是花蜜專家。它們很擅長評估花蜜，即使花蜜糖的濃度存在微小的區(qū)別它們也能感覺到。）”。A選項“因為它們能夠檢測出花蜜中糖分水平的差異”；B選項“因為它們能夠辨別不同種類的花”；C選項“因為它們本能地知道去哪里采集更多的花蜜”；D選項“因為它們可以區(qū)分甜花粉和苦花粉”。B、C、D選項均不符合題意，因此A選項正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Andtodisplaythepollentobees,‘Wegotreallyintoit—westarted3-Dprintingflowersinourlab.’（為了向蜜蜂展示花粉，‘我們進(jìn)行了非常深入地研究，我們開始在實驗室用3D技術(shù)打印花朵?！薄選項“3D打印技術(shù)”正確；B選項“清管器”是為了呈現(xiàn)花藥部分；C選項“甜蔗糖”和D選項“苦奎寧”是為了試驗蜜蜂對花粉味道的評估。因此A選項正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“Itturnsoutbeeswouldreturnagainandagaintothesamecolorflowerthatdispensedsweetpollen,andspendmoretimecollectingthere.（實驗證明，蜜蜂會在含有甜蔗糖花粉的相同顏色花朵間重復(fù)往返，并且花費(fèi)更多的時間來采集。）”。A選項“根據(jù)花的顏色和氣味”正確；B選項“通過花蜜和花粉的味道”；C選項“通過花的雄性或雌性”；D選項“根據(jù)花朵的形狀和大小”。B、C、D選項均不符合題意，因此A選項正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Andthatbalancingact,ofcarefullycalibratedchemistry(校準(zhǔn)化學(xué))—it’sjustoneofthemanytransactionsthatplaysoutinthebuzzingpollinationmarketplace,wheretheobjectistomakeasweetprofit.（這一精確校準(zhǔn)化學(xué)的平衡做法，只是蜜蜂授粉市場上進(jìn)行的眾多交易中的其中一種。該市場的目標(biāo)是獲得甜蜜的利潤。）”，由此可知市場上很多人為了商業(yè)利潤會人為的控制花粉的味道。A選項“校準(zhǔn)化學(xué)在改變花粉結(jié)構(gòu)方面非常有用”看似正確，但是聯(lián)系全文以及安妮和同事們的研究，她們試驗的結(jié)果主要還是表明花粉味道的可控性；B選項“吸引更多的蜜蜂授粉可以使植物更多產(chǎn)”和C選項“吸引的蜜蜂越多，花粉就越好”都不符合題意；D選項“為了商業(yè)目的，花粉的味道可以被控制”說法正確，因此D選項正確。

9.單選題

Thefreshmantookawhileto（

）himselfthenewenvironmentoftheuniversity.

問題1選項

A.familiarize

B.modify

C.orient

D.alter

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。orient...to…“使……適應(yīng)……”。句意：大學(xué)新生花了一段時間使自己適應(yīng)大學(xué)的新環(huán)境。根據(jù)句意，C為正確答案。

10.單選題

Nakheel,apropertydeveloperownedbyDubaiWorld,metcreditorsaspartofitsattemptstorenegotiate$10.5billioninbankdebt.DubaiWorldspookedmarketsinNovemberafterannouncingastandstillondebtrepayments.

問題1選項

A.intimidated

B.assailed

C.exude

D.imbibed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項intimidated“威脅，恐嚇，脅迫”；B選項assail“攻擊；質(zhì)問；著手解決”；C選項exude“散發(fā)；流出；使?jié)B出”；D選項imbibe“吸收，接受；喝；吸入”。句意：迪拜世界（DubaiWorld）旗下的房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商棕櫚島集團(tuán)（Nakheel）與債權(quán)人會面，試圖就105億美元的銀行債務(wù)進(jìn)行重新談判。迪拜世界(DubaiWorld)去年11月宣布暫停償債后，令市場恐慌。spook“嚇；驚嚇；受驚；鬼怪般的出沒”，A選項與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項正確。

11.單選題

Mr.Liisthepresent（

）ofthepresidentialchairofthecompany.

問題1選項

A.transaction

B.prescription

C.professor

D.incumbent

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:李先生現(xiàn)任公司總裁。

transaction交易；事務(wù)；辦理。prescription藥方；指示；慣例。professor教授；教師。incumbent在職者；現(xiàn)任者。

12.單選題

（）ofthethreesistersyouchoosetomarry,youwillhaveagoodwife.

問題1選項

A.Whichever

B.Which

C.Whatever

D.Any

【答案】A

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。無論三個姐妹你選擇哪一個結(jié)婚，你都將擁有一個好妻子。A選項whichever“無論哪一個”，B選項which，“哪個”，C選項whatever“無論什么”，D選項any“任何的”，C選項whichever，“不論哪個”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhich，其意為“無論哪個”“不管哪個”，在句中充當(dāng)定語或者賓語，例如：Whicheveryouchoose,theotherswillbeoffended.無論你選哪個，都會冒犯其余的人。D選項any不能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。句意：不論這三個姐姐你選哪一個結(jié)婚，你都將有一個好妻子。綜上所述，本題選A選項正確。

13.單選題

Wehopethestudentswould（

）theinformationcontainedinthelecture.

問題1選項

A.associate

B.understand

C.assimilate

D.assess

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。associate“使聯(lián)合，使發(fā)生聯(lián)系”；understand“理解，獲悉，推斷”；assimilate“吸收，使同化”；assess“評定，估價”。由句中“informationcontainedinthelecture講稿中包含的信息”可知C選項“吸收”正確。

14.單選題

RussianwomenhadtowearprotectivemasksastheywalkedinMoscow,whichwas（）byaheavysmogyesterday.

問題1選項

A.shrouded

B.unveiled

C.decayed

D.deprived

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。shrouded“遮蔽”；unveiled“除去面紗”；decayed“衰退；腐敗”；deprived“剝奪；喪失”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知which引導(dǎo)了一個定語從句，此處which指代的是“Moscow莫斯科”，根據(jù)主句的意思可知此處想表達(dá)的是莫斯科被大霧籠罩。句意：俄羅斯的女性昨天在……的莫斯科街頭行走的時候不得不戴著厚厚的保護(hù)面罩。故正確答案為選項A。

15.單選題

Wespentanhour（）withthecrowdsaswedidourshopping.

問題1選項

A.purling

B.cobbling

C.jostling

D.tapping

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項purling“用反針編織；用金銀絲繡”；B選項cobbling“修，拙劣地修補(bǔ)；草率地拼湊，粗制濫造；鋪鵝卵石，用圓石鋪面”；C選項jostling“推搡，推擠；爭奪”；D選項tapping“輕敲，打拍子，竊聽”。句意：在購物時我們一個小時（）在人群中。jostling“推搡”和thecrowds搭配，符合購物時擁擠的生活場景。因此C選項正確。

16.單選題

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overlastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon（擾亂）European’sprivatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today'stech-savvy（精通技術(shù)的）workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles,theywereyoungbeautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn'tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn'tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult”.OnlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming”thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates.Sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong-iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

問題1選項

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

問題2選項

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization

問題3選項

A.warmandlighthearted

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

問題4選項

A.somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

問題5選項

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第一段第四句話提到“法國社會學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)上個世紀(jì)從家庭生活轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閭€人生活是個人主義必然的一部分”（Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overlastcentury），選項A“他們被個人主義所驅(qū)使”符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第二段第二句話提到“現(xiàn)在獨(dú)居的人出現(xiàn)在歐洲從社會民主轉(zhuǎn)向更尖銳、更個人主義的美國式資本主義期間”（Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism），選項B“它正在接近美國式資本主義”符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第三段提到最新的獨(dú)居者是一些三四十歲的高收入者，他們年輕、漂亮、強(qiáng)壯（thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice；theywereyoungbeautiful,strong），選項D“健康的和富有的”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。文章最后一段引用的話“我想做我想做的事情：過自主的生活”（Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife”），由此可知現(xiàn)代女人都期望過自主的生活，因此選項A“很多現(xiàn)代女人想過自由的生活”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章從一開始到結(jié)尾就是在講述獨(dú)居人群從之前的退休人群，尤其是老年婦女（pensioners,particularlyelderlywomen）到現(xiàn)在的年輕的高收入者這樣一個趨勢，選項C“為了探究年輕人獨(dú)居的趨勢”符合題意。

17.單選題

TheMedalofNationalScienceis[A]thehighest[B]awardscientificthatcanbe[C]givento[D]anyindividualintheUnitedStates.

問題1選項

A.thehighest

B.awardscientific

C.given

D.any

【答案】B

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞語序。

【解題思路】award是名詞，scientific是形容詞，形容詞應(yīng)該放在名詞前面，所以正確語序是scientificaward（科學(xué)獎項）。該題選擇B項。

【句意】國家科學(xué)獎?wù)率敲绹谟枞魏蝹€人的最高科學(xué)獎。

18.單選題

Anewtechnique（），theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.

問題1選項

A.workingout

B.hadbeenworkedout

C.havingbeenworkedout

D.havingworkedout

【答案】C

【解析】句意:因為新技術(shù)已經(jīng)解決，所以，整體的產(chǎn)量增長了20%。

語法題。考查非謂語動詞。逗號后半句結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)完整，因此前半句應(yīng)用非謂語動詞。此外，anewtechnique和workout之間是被動關(guān)系，因此，此處應(yīng)該是過去分詞做狀語。因此C項正確。

19.單選題

Onescientificdiscipline,duringitsearlystagesofdevelopment,isoftenrelatedtoanotherasanantithesistoitsthesis.Thethesisdisciplinetendtoconcernitselfwithdiscoveryandclassificationofphenomena,toofferholisticexplanationsemphasizingpatternandform,andtouseexistingtheorytoexplainthewidestpossiblerangeofphenomena.Thepairedorantidiscipline,ontheotherhand,canbecharacterizedbyamorefocusedapproach,concentratingontheunitsofconstruction,andbyabeliefthatthedisciplinecanbereformulatedintermsoftheissuesandexplanationsoftheantidiscipline.

Therelationshipofcytology(cellbiology)tobiochemistryinthelatenineteenthcentury,whenbothdisciplinesweregrowingatarapidpace,exemplifiessuchapattern.Researchersincellbiologyfoundmountingevidenceofanintricatecellarchitecture.Theyalsodeducedthemysteriouschoreographyofthechromosomesduringcelldivision.Manybiochemists,ontheotherhand,remainedskepticaloftheideathatsomuchstructureexisted,arguingthatthechemicalreactionsthatoccurincytologicalpreparationsmightcreatetheappearanceofsuchstructures.Also,theystoodapartfromthedebatethenragingoverwhetherprotoplasm,thecomplexoflivingmaterialwithinacell,ishomogeneous,networklike,granular,orfoamlike.Theirinterestlayinthecore“fundamental”issuesofthechemicalnatureofprotoplasm,especiallythenewlyformulatedenzymetheoryoflife.

Ingeneral,biochemistsjudgedcytologiststobetooignorantofchemistrytograspthebasicprocesses,whereascytologistsconsideredthemethodsofbiochemistsinadequatetocharacterizethestructuresofthelivingcell.TherenewalofMendeliangeneticsand,later,progressinchromosomemappingdidlittleatfirsttoeffectasynthesis.

Bothsideswereessentiallycorrect.Biochemistryhasmorethanjustifieditsextravagantearlyclaimsbyexplainingsomuchofthecellularmachinery.Butinachievingthisfeat(mostlysince1950)ithasbeenpartiallytransformedintothehewdisciplineofmolecularbiology—biochemistiythatdealswithspatialarrangementsandmovementsoflargemolecules.Atthesametimecytologyhasmetamorphosedintomodemcellularbiology.Aidedbyelectronmicroscopy,ithasbecomemoresimilarinlanguageandoutlooktomolecularbiology.Theinteractionofadisciplineanditsantidisciplinehasmovedbothsciencestowardasynthesis,namelymoleculargenetics.

Thisinteractionbetweenpaireddisciplinescanhaveimportantresults.Inthecaseoflatenineteenth-centurycellresearch,progresswasfueledbycompetitionamongthevariousattitudesandissuesderivedfromcellbiologyandbiochemistiyJosephFuton,abiochemist,hassuggestedthatsuchcompetitionandtheresultingtensionsamongresearchersareaprincipalsourceofvitalityand“arelikelytoleadtounexpectedandexcitingnoveltiesinthefuture,astheyhaveinthepast.”

1.Whichoneofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

2.Thepassagestatesthatinthelatenineteenthcenturycytologistsdeducedthe（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,cytologistsinthelatenineteenthcenturywerecriticalofthecellresearchofbiochemistsbecausecytologistsbelievedthat（

）.

4.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthematerialpresentedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Antitheticalscientificdisciplinescanbothstimulateandhinderoneanother’sresearchincomplexways.

B.Antitheticalscientificdisciplinesofteninteractwithoneanotherinwaysthatcanbehighlyuseful.

C.Asdisciplinessuchascytologyandbiochemistryadvance,theirinteractionnecessarilyleadstoasynthesisoftheirapproaches.

D.Cellresearchinthelatenineteenthcenturywasplaguedbydisagreementsbetweencytologistsandbiochemists.

問題2選項

A.mapsofchromosomes

B.sequenceofthemovementofchromosomesduringcelldivision

C.spatialrelationshipofmoleculeswithinthecell

D.roleofenzymesinbiologicalprocesses

問題3選項

A.themethodsofbiochemistrycouldnotadequatelydiscoverandexplainthestructuresoflivingcells

B.themethodsofbiochemistrywereinadequatetoaccountforallofthechemicalreactionsthatoccurredincytologicalpreparations

C.biochemistswerenotinterestedinthenatureofprotoplasm

D.biochemistsweretooignorantofcytologytounderstandthebasicprocessesofthecell

問題4選項

A.Anaccountofaprocessisgiven,andthenthereasonforitsoccurrenceisstated.

B.Asetofexamplesisprovidedandthenaconclusionisdrawnfromthem.

C.Ageneralpropositionisstated,andthenanexampleisgiven.

D.Astatementofprinciplesismade,andthenarationaleforthemisdebated.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文首段先提出對立的思維和論文對學(xué)科的發(fā)展很重要，接著以細(xì)胞和生物化的關(guān)系對生物學(xué)發(fā)展的影響為論據(jù)進(jìn)行論述，最后得出結(jié)論說明競爭觀點(diǎn)的共同研究對學(xué)科發(fā)展的重要性，所以B選項‘對立的科學(xué)學(xué)科經(jīng)常以非常有用的方式相互作用’正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文“Theyalsodeducedthemysteriouschoreographyofthechromosomesduringcelldivision.Manybiochemists,ontheotherhand,remainedskepticaloftheideathatsomuchstructureexisted,arguingthatthechemicalreactionsthatoccurincytologicalpreparationsmightcreatetheappearanceofsuchstructures.另一方面，許多生物化學(xué)家對存在如此多的結(jié)構(gòu)持懷疑態(tài)度，他們認(rèn)為細(xì)胞學(xué)制劑中發(fā)生的化學(xué)反應(yīng)可能會產(chǎn)生這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。”分析兩種科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，細(xì)胞生物學(xué)家推染色體的神秘編排，而生化學(xué)家認(rèn)為細(xì)胞內(nèi)復(fù)雜的物質(zhì)和原生質(zhì)之間可能存在化學(xué)反應(yīng)等，可以得知B選項‘染色體在細(xì)胞分裂過程中運(yùn)動的序列’正確。同時可知15題答案為A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文：'Theyalsodeducedthemysteriouschoreographyofthechromosomesduringcelldivision.Manybiochemis