書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東創(chuàng)新科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Manytouristswere（

）bythecity’scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。degrade“降級(jí)，降低，退化”；bewilder“使迷惑”；evoke“引起，喚起”；divert“轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意：很多游客都被這個(gè)城市復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)弄得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.翻譯題

Doyouseetheglassashalffullratherthanhalfempty?Doyoukeepyoureyeuponthedoughnut,notuponthehollow?Suddenlytheseclichésarescientificquestions,asresearchersscrutinizethepowerofpositivethinking.

Afast-growingbodyofresearchisprovingthatoptimismcanhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful;pessimismleads,bycontrast,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpainfulshyness.“Ifyoucouldteachpeopletothinkmorepositively,”sayspsychologistCraig,“itwouldbelikeinoculatingthemagainstthesementalills.”

Yourabilitiescount,butthebeliefthatyoucansucceedaffectswhetherornotyouwill.Inpart,that’sbecauseoptimistsandpessimistsdealwiththesamechallengesanddisappointmentsinverydifferentways.

Take,forexample,yourjob.Inamajorstudy,psychologistSeligmanandhiscolleaguesurveyedsalesrepresentativesataLifeInsuranceCompany.Theyfoundthatthepositivethinkersamonglongtimerepresentativessold37percentmoreinsurancethandidthenegativethinkers.Ofnewlyhiredrepresentatives,optimistssold20percentmore.Howdidtheydoit?Thesecrettoanoptimist’ssuccessisinhis“explanatorystyle.”Whenthingsgowrong,thepessimisttendstoblamehimself,whiletheoptimistlooksforloopholes.Whenthingsgoright,theoptimisttakescreditwhilethepessimistseessuccessasafluke.

Negativeorpositive,itwasaself-fulfillingprophecy.“Ifpeoplefeelhopeless,theydon’tbothertoacquiretheskillstheyneedtosucceed,”saysCraig.

Asenseofcontrolisthelitmustestforsuccess.Theoptimistfeelsincontrolofhisownlife.Thepessimistfeelslikefate’splaythingandmovesslowly.Hedoesn’tseeadvice,sinceheassumesnothingcanbedone.Optimistsmaythinktheyarebetterthanthefactswouldjustifyandsometimesthat’swhatkeepsthemalive.Dr.SandraLeveyofPittsburgCancerInstitutestudiedwomenwithadvancedbreastcancer.Forthewomenwhoweregenerallyoptimistic,therewasalongerdisease-freeinterval,thebestpredictorofsurvival.Inapilotstudyofwomenintheearlystagesofbreastcancer,Dr.Leveyfoundthediseaserecurredsooneramongthepessimists.

【答案】【參考譯文】你看到的玻璃杯是半滿的還是半空的？你的眼睛是盯著炸面圈還是中間的那個(gè)洞？當(dāng)研究者們仔細(xì)觀察積極思維的力量時(shí)，這些陳詞濫調(diào)突然間都成了科學(xué)問題。

迅速增多的大量研究工作證明樂觀的態(tài)度可以使你更快樂、更健康、更成功。與此相反，悲觀則導(dǎo)致無望、疾病以及失敗，它與沮喪、孤獨(dú)、令人苦惱的靦腆密切相關(guān)。心理學(xué)家克雷格說：“如果你能夠教會(huì)人們更積極地思考，那就如同為他們注射了預(yù)防這些心理疾病的疫苗?！?/p>

你的能力固然重要，但你能成功的信念影響到你是否真能成功。在某種程度上，這是由于樂觀者和悲觀者以截然不同的方式對(duì)待同樣的挑戰(zhàn)和失望。

以你的工作為例。心理學(xué)家塞利格曼和他的同事對(duì)一家人壽保險(xiǎn)公司的推銷員進(jìn)行了廣泛調(diào)查。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在工齡較長的推銷員中，積極思考者比消極思考者要多推銷37%的保險(xiǎn)額。在新雇傭的推銷員中，樂觀主義者則多銷了20%。他們是如何做的呢？樂觀主義者成功的秘訣就在于他的“歸因方式”。出了問題之后，悲觀主義者傾向于自責(zé)，樂觀主義者則尋找漏洞。當(dāng)一切順利時(shí)，樂觀主義者看成是自己的功勞，而悲觀主義者只把成功視為僥幸。

無論是消極還是積極，都是一種本身會(huì)成為事實(shí)的預(yù)言?？死赘裾f：“如果人們感到?jīng)]有希望，他們就不會(huì)費(fèi)事去獲得成功所需的技能?！?/p>

控制感是成功的試金石。樂觀者能夠掌握自己的命運(yùn)。悲觀者則感到自己只能任由命運(yùn)擺布，行動(dòng)拖拉。既然認(rèn)為毫無辦法，他便不去尋求指點(diǎn)。樂觀主義者也許認(rèn)為自己比事實(shí)能夠證明的要強(qiáng)——有時(shí)正是這一點(diǎn)使他們充滿生機(jī)。匹茲堡腫瘤研究所的桑德拉?利維博士對(duì)患晚期乳腺癌的婦女進(jìn)行了研究。對(duì)那些通常持樂觀態(tài)度的婦女來說，兩次發(fā)病間隔的時(shí)間較長，而這是生存下去的最好預(yù)兆。在一次對(duì)早期乳腺癌婦女的小規(guī)模試驗(yàn)性研究中，利維博士發(fā)現(xiàn)這一疾病在悲觀主義者身上復(fù)發(fā)更早。

3.寫作題

Directions:Chooseoneofthetwotopicstodevelopanessayofabout300words.

1.China’sOpportunitiesandChallengeswiththeComingofGlobalization.

2.SomepeoplebelievethattheEarthisbeingdamagedbyhuman,activity.OthersfeelthathumanactivitymakestheEarthabetterplacetolive.Whatisyouropinion?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

【答案】略

4.單選題

Thepresidentexplainedthatthepurposeoftaxationwasto（

）governmentspending.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.finance

B.expand

C.enlarge

D.budget

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:總統(tǒng)解釋說，稅收的目的是為政府開支（

）。

Finance為...提供資金;expand擴(kuò)大;enlarge擴(kuò)大;budget安排開支,預(yù)算。故選A。

5.單選題

2.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Takeaholidayfromwork.

B.Worrylessaboutwork.

C.Takesomesleepingpills.

D.Workhardertoforgetallhertrouble.

【答案】B

【解析】W:IsthereanythingelseIcandotohelpmesleeptonight?

M:Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsofwork.Iknow,Iknow,easiersaidthandone.

W:ShouldIstayhomefromwork?

M:No,Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary,justremembertostaycalm.

Q:Whatdidthedoctorsuggestthewomando?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。醫(yī)生建議：Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsofwork（少想工作），故選B。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtwoparagraphsintoChinese,

Howmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetree?Newtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwondering.Hismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournals,buthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.

It’saroughworldoutthere.Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegslippingonyourdoormat.Lightupthestoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.Luckily,ifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarnofcoiningdisaster,asuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.Orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers’misfortunes.

【答案】

有多少人會(huì)考慮蘋果掉到樹上的可能性？牛頓這樣考慮過，是因?yàn)樗麤]有試圖預(yù)測(cè)任何事情。他只是好奇。他的思想已準(zhǔn)備好應(yīng)付不可預(yù)測(cè)的事。不可預(yù)測(cè)性是研究本質(zhì)的一部分。如果沒有不可預(yù)測(cè)的事物，就沒有研究。科學(xué)家們?cè)跒閷I(yè)的期刊撰寫枯燥的報(bào)告時(shí)更傾向于不去研究那些自己難以捉摸的事，但歷史上充滿了這樣的例子。

外面是一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的世界。如果你走到外面去，可能會(huì)滑倒在門墊上，摔傷一條腿。如果你點(diǎn)燃爐子，可能會(huì)把房子燒掉。幸運(yùn)的是，如果門墊或爐子沒有發(fā)出制造災(zāi)難的警告，一次成功的訴訟可能會(huì)補(bǔ)償你所受的損失。從20世紀(jì)80年代初，人們的想法就是這樣的了，那時(shí)候陪審團(tuán)認(rèn)為商家對(duì)消費(fèi)者的不幸應(yīng)該負(fù)擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任。

7.填空題

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

TwotypicalGermanshepherdskeptaspetsinEuropeconsumemoreinayearthantheaveragepersonlivinginBangladesh,accordingtoresearchbysustainabilityexpertsBrendaandRobertValeofVictoriaUniversityinNewZealand.Soaretheworld’senvironmentalillsreallyaresultoftheburgeoningnumberofhumansontheplanet—predictedtoreachatleastninebillionpeopleby2050?Orisitmoreduetothefactthatalthoughthehumanpopulationhasdoubledinthepast50years,wehaveincreasedouruseofresourcesfourfold?

Afterall,theroughly40,000attendeesoftherecentclimateconferenceinCopenhagenproducedmoregreenhousegasemissionsinjusttwoweeksthan600,000Ethiopiansproduceinayear.(41)

AssimplyputbytheUnitedNationsMillenniumEcosystemAssessmentin2005:“HumanactivityisputtingsuchstrainonthenaturalfunctionsofEarththattheabilityoftheplanet’secosystemstosustainfuturegenerationscannolongerbetakenforgranted.”

Andconsumerismisn’tevendeliveringonitsownpromise-abetterlife.“Notonlyisconsumerculturecausingunprecedentedenvironmentalhavoc,itisinmanycasesnotdeliveringthewell-beingforhumanbeingsitissupposedto,”arguedChristopherFlavin,presidentoftheWorldwatchInstituteduringapressconferencelastweektoreleaseitsnewStateoftheWorldreport,“TransformingCultures:FromConsumerismtoSustainability.”(42)

Whatdoeshemeanbyaculturalshift?Well,forexample,achangefromcurrentWesternburialmethods—injectingcorpseswithtoxicchemicals,sealingtheminexpensive,non-degradableboxesthatarethenplantedincemeteriesthatmaintaineternalgreennesswithfertilizersandpesticides—toburyinglovedonesinwaysdesignedtohealfamiliesaswellasthelocalenvironment(andultimatelyturningthesesitesintonaturalreserves).“Twocenturiesofintentionalcultivationofconsumerismhasledustoseeitasperfectlynaturaltoseeourselvesprimarilybywhatandhowweconsume,”arguedErikAssadourian,leadauthorofthereportforWorldwatch,whetherthatbeMcDonald’shamburgersorHummervehicles.

(43)“It’snotaprojectoutofwholenewcloth,”arguedreportco-authorandpoliticalscientistMichaelManiatesofAlleghenyCollegeinPennsylvania.“Therearestrongculturalelementsthattreasurethingslikefrugalityorthrift.Weneedtore-centerconditionsinculturethatcalloutthatwithinusthathasbeensuppressed.”

(44)“Consumerismisnowspreadingaroundtheworld,”Assadourianadded,notingthatChina,amongotherthings,hassurpassedtheU.S.asthelargestmarketfornewcarsaswellasthelargestemitterofgreenhousegases.“Isthisgoingtokeepspreading?Orarecountriesgoingtostartrecognizingthatthisisnotagoodpath?”

Atthesametime,aculturalshiftmayalreadybeunderway,representedbyeffortssuchasthoseinEcuadortoenshrinerightsfor“MotherBarth”inthecountry’sconstitutionorthoseatU.S.-basedcarpetmanufacturerInterfacetocreateaproductthatrequiresusingnothingfromthenaturalworldthatthenaturalworldcannotreplace.

(45)ButperhapslustforthelatestiterationofApplemerchandisecanbereplacedwithwhatserialinventorSaulGriffithscallstheheirloomculture,”productsthatlastforalifetimeorbeyond.“Inessence,thedisposablelifewillbereplacedbyasustainableone,”Assadouriansaid,“aworldwheremachismoisnotconnectedtothesizeofacarbutthefactthatyoudon’thaveoneatall.”

Inotherwords,it’sourconsumer-driveneconomy,stupid.Oh,andtheadvertisers.“Wearenotstupid,we’renotignorant,wedon’tevennecessarilyhavebadvalueswithrespecttotheenvironment,”Maniatesadded.“We’retryingtodoourbestwithinculturalsystemsthatelevateunsustainablechoices.”

Ofcourse,atthesametime,Worldwatchwouldlikeyoutospend$19.95forapaperbackversionofitsreport,or$9.95foraPDForelectronicdocumentforyour(yetanothergadget)Kindle.Switchingawayfromacapitalistethicofconsumerismcontinuestobeeasiersaidthandone.

A.ThekindsofchangesinpolicydiscussedatCopenhagenarealsocriticaland,infact,willgohandinhandwithaculturalshift(fromconsumerismtosustainability.)

B.Noristhisculturalethicofconsumerismconfinedtothedevelopedworld;developingcountriesareadoptingitasaneconomicmodel.

C.ThereforetheClimateConferenceinCopenhagenisessentialfortheworld’sclimateandUNFCCCisputtinghardeffortinmakingthemeetingasuccessendingupwithaCopenhagenProtocoltopreventglobalwarming.

D.Generallyspeaking,however,sucheffortshavebeenswampedthroughouttheworldinarisingtideofconsumerism,especiallysurroundingthelatestelectronicgadgets.

E.TheWorldwatchresearchersidentifysixkeyinstitutionsthatmustbechangedtopromotesustainability:education,business,media,government,socialmovementsandculturaltraditions.

F.Infact,theworld’srichest500millionpeopleproduce50percentofglobalcarbondioxideemissionscomparedtothe6percentproducedbytheworld’spoorest3billion.

【答案】41.F

42.A

43.E

44.B

45.D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.ThekindsofchangesinpolicydiscussedatCopenhagenarealsocriticaland,infact,willgohandinhandwithaculturalshift(fromconsumerismtosustainability.)A.在哥本哈根會(huì)議上討論的政策變化也是至關(guān)重要的，事實(shí)上，它將與文化的轉(zhuǎn)變（從消費(fèi)主義到可持續(xù)發(fā)展）攜手并進(jìn)。

B.Noristhisculturalethicofconsumerismconfinedtothedevelopedworld;developingcountriesareadoptingitasaneconomicmodel.B.這種消費(fèi)主義的文化倫理并不局限于發(fā)達(dá)國家；發(fā)展中國家正在采用它作為一種經(jīng)濟(jì)模式。

C.ThereforetheClimateConferenceinCopenhagenisessentialfortheworld’sclimateandUNFCCCisputtinghardeffortinmakingthemeetingasuccessendingupwithaCopenhagenProtocoltopreventglobalwarming.C.因此，哥本哈根氣候會(huì)議對(duì)世界氣候至關(guān)重要，聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約（UNFCCC）正在努力使這次會(huì)議成功達(dá)成防止全球變暖的哥本哈根議定書。

D.Generallyspeaking,however,sucheffortshavebeenswampedthroughouttheworldinarisingtideofconsumerism,especiallysurroundingthelatestelectronicgadgets.D.然而，總的來說，這些努力已經(jīng)淹沒在一股消費(fèi)主義的浪潮中，特別是圍繞著最新的電子產(chǎn)品。

E.TheWorldwatchresearchersidentifysixkeyinstitutionsthatmustbechangedtopromotesustainability:education,business,media,government,socialmovementsandculturaltraditions.E.世界觀察組織的研究人員指出，為了促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，必須改變6個(gè)關(guān)鍵機(jī)構(gòu)：教育、商業(yè)、媒體、政府、社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)和文化傳統(tǒng)。

F.Infact,theworld’srichest500millionpeopleproduce50percentofglobalcarbondioxideemissionscomparedtothe6percentproducedbytheworld’spoorest3billion.F.事實(shí)上，世界上最富有的5億人產(chǎn)生了全球50%的二氧化碳排放，而世界上最貧窮的30億人只產(chǎn)生了6%。

41.空格前一句講的是“在哥本哈根舉行的氣候大會(huì)的大約4萬名與會(huì)者在短短兩周內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體比埃塞俄比亞60萬名與會(huì)者一年產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體還要多”，這是對(duì)溫室氣體排放量的比較，推測(cè)空格處和溫室氣體排放有關(guān)，因此F項(xiàng)正確。

42.空格上一句提到了“文化轉(zhuǎn)變：從消費(fèi)主義到可持續(xù)發(fā)展（TransformingCultures:FromConsumerismtoSustainability.）”，這與A選項(xiàng)完全符合，因此A項(xiàng)正確。

43.根據(jù)空格后馬尼亞茨說的內(nèi)容“這不是一個(gè)全新的項(xiàng)目，這里有強(qiáng)烈的文化元素，珍視節(jié)儉之類的東西?！?，從中可推測(cè)，空格句講到了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃；結(jié)合上一段提到了世界觀察組織的報(bào)告，所以E選項(xiàng)最符合。因此E項(xiàng)正確。

44.從空格后的內(nèi)容“消費(fèi)主義現(xiàn)在正在世界各地蔓延……中國已經(jīng)超過美國，成為最大的新車市場和最大的溫室氣體排放國”可知，消費(fèi)主義已經(jīng)發(fā)展到世界各地，向發(fā)展中國家蔓延，B項(xiàng)符合該段意思。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

45.空格上一段講的是在轉(zhuǎn)變消費(fèi)文化上做的努力，而空格后一句的內(nèi)容是“但是，對(duì)最新一代蘋果產(chǎn)品的渴望或許可以被連續(xù)發(fā)明人索爾格里菲斯所說的傳家寶文化所取代，即可以使用一輩子或更久的產(chǎn)品”，其中用到了轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，說明這一句是對(duì)空格句的轉(zhuǎn)折，這一句提到了關(guān)鍵詞“最新蘋果產(chǎn)品”，所以推測(cè)空格處是與之相關(guān)的。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Whenyourdogdoesanythingyouwantto（）,youwaittillhedoesitandthenbeathim.Thisisthewayjudgesmakelawsforyouandme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakhimof

B.breakhimoff

C.breakhimfree

D.breakhimup

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析。breaksb.of“使戒除（某習(xí)慣）”；breaksb.off“分離，中斷”；“breaksb.free“擺脫對(duì)方防守”；breaksb.up“關(guān)系破裂”。句意：當(dāng)你的狗做了任何你想要打它戒除的事情，你要等它做了，然后打它。這就是法官為你我制定法律的方式。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

ThereisextraordinaryexposureintheUnitedStatestotherisksofinjuryanddeathfrommotorvehicleaccidents.Morethan80percentofallhouseholdsownpassengercarsorlighttrucksandeachoftheseisdrivenanaverageofmorethan11,000mileseachyear.Almostone-halfoffatallyinjureddrivershaveabloodalcoholconcentration(BAC)of0.1percentorhigher.Fortheaverageadult,overfiveouncesof80proofspiritswouldhavetobeconsumedoverashortperiodoftimetoattaintheselevels.Athirdofdriverswhohavebeendrinking,butfewerthan4percentofalldrivers,demonstratetheselevels.Althoughlessthan1percentofdriverswithBACsof0.1percentormoreareinvolvedinfatalcrashes,theprobabilityoftheirinvolvementis27timeshigherthanforthosewithoutalcoholintheirblood.

Thereareanumberofdifferentapproachestoreducinginjuriesinwhichintoxicationplaysarole.Basedontheobservationthatexcessiveconsumptioncorrelateswiththetotalalcoholconsumptionofacountry’spopulation,ithasbeensuggestedthathighertaxesonalcoholwouldreduceboth.Whiletheheavierdrinkerswouldbetaxedthemost,anyonewhodrinksatallwouldbepenalizedbythisapproach.

Tomakedrinkinganddrivingacriminaloffenseisanapproachdirectedonlyatintoxicateddrivers.Insomestates,thelawempowerspolicetorequestbreathtestsofdriverscitedforanytrafficoffenseandelevatedBACcanbethebasisforarrest.TheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationestimates,however,thatevenwithincreasedarrests,thereareabout700violationsforeveryarrest.Atthislevelthereislittleevidencethatlawsserveasdeterrentstodrinkingwhileintoxicated.InBritain,motorvehiclefatalitiesfell25percentimmediatelyfollowingimplementationoftheRoadSafetyActin1967.AstheBritishincreasinglyrecognizedthattheycoulddrinkandnotbestopped,theeffectivenessdeclined,althoughintheensuingthreeyearsthefatalityrateseldomreachedthatobservedinthesevenyearspriortotheAct.

WhetherpenaltiesfordrivingwithahighBACorexcessivetaxationonconsumptionofalcoholicbeverageswilldetertheexcessivedrinkersresponsibleformostfatalitiesisunclear.Inpart,theanswerdependsontheextenttowhichthosewithhighBACsinvolvedincrashesarecapableofcontrollingtheirintakeinresponsetoeconomicorpenalthreat.Therapeuticprogramswhichrangefromindividualandgroupcounselingandpsychotherapytochemotherapyconstituteanotherapproach,buttheyhavenotdiminishedtheproportionofaccidentsinwhichalcoholwasafactor.Inthefewcontrolledtrialsthathavebeenreported,thereislittleevidencethatrehabilitationprogramsforthoserepeatedlyarrestedfordrunkenbehaviorhavereducedeithertherecidivismorcrashrates.Thusfar,thereisnofirmevidencethatAlcoholSafetyActionProjectsupportedprograms,inwhichrehabilitationmeasuresarerequestedbythecourt,havedecreasedrecidivismorcrashinvolvementforclientsexposedtothem,althoughknowledgeandattitudeshaveimproved.Onethingisclear,however,unlesswedealwithautomobileandhighwaysafetyandreduceaccidentsinwhichalcoholicintoxicationplaysarole,manywillcontinuetodie.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthatthe1967RoadSafetyActinBritain（）.

3.TheauthorcitestheBritishexampleinorderto（）.

4.Theauthor’sclosingremarkscanbestbedescribedas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interpretingtheresultsofsurveysontrafficfatalities

B.reviewingtheeffectivenessofattemptstocurbdrunkdriving

C.suggestingreasonsfortheprevalenceofdrankdrivingintheUnitedStates

D.analyzingthecausesofthelargenumberofannualtrafficfatalities

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.changedanexistinglawtolowertheBAClevelwhichdefineddrivingwhileintoxicated

B.madeitillegaltodrivewhileintoxicated

C.increasedthenumberofdrunkdrivingarrests

D.placedataxonthesaleofalcoholicdrinks

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.provethataslightincreaseinthenumberofarrestsofintoxicateddriverswillnotdeterdrunkdriving

B.provethatstricterenforcementoflawsagainstintoxicateddriverswouldreducetrafficdeaths

C.showthattheproblemofdrunkdrivingisworseinBritainthanintheU.S.

D.suggestthattaxationofalcoholconsumptionmaybemoreeffectivethancriminallaws

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ironic

B.indignant

C.indifferent

D.indecisive

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith______.1.作者主要關(guān)注______。

A.interpretingtheresultsofsurveysontrafficfatalitiesA.解釋交通事故死亡調(diào)查結(jié)果

B.reviewingtheeffectivenessofattemptstocurbdrunkdrivingB.評(píng)論管制酒后駕駛的成效

C.suggestingreasonsfortheprevalenceofdrankdrivingintheUnitedStatesC.提出酒駕在美國盛行的原因

D.analyzingthecausesofthelargenumberofannualtrafficfatalitiesD.分析每年交通事故死亡人數(shù)眾多的原因

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，第一段先指出交通事故是由酒后開車的司機(jī)造成的，第二段提到有人建議采用兩種辦法來遏制這一問題，即征稅和針對(duì)酒后駕駛的法律，最后兩段闡明所采用的這些措施都沒有明顯的效果，綜合理解可知，作者主要關(guān)注的是評(píng)論對(duì)管制酒后駕駛的措施的成效，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“解釋交通事故死亡調(diào)查結(jié)果”和D項(xiàng)“分析每年交通事故死亡人數(shù)眾多的原因”只是部分提及，屬于以偏概全；

C項(xiàng)“提出酒駕在美國盛行的原因”在文中沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Itcanbeinferredthatthe1967RoadSafetyActinBritain______.2.可以推斷，英國1967年《道路安全法》______。

A.changedanexistinglawtolowertheBAClevelwhichdefineddrivingwhileintoxicatedA.修改了現(xiàn)行法律，降低了界定醉酒駕駛的血液酒精濃度水平

B.madeitillegaltodrivewhileintoxicatedB.規(guī)定醉酒駕車是違法的

C.increasedthenumberofdrunkdrivingarrestsC.增加了酒后駕駛被捕的人數(shù)

D.placedataxonthesaleofalcoholicdrinksD.對(duì)酒精飲料的銷售征稅

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第三段，由第一句“將酒后駕車定為刑事犯罪是針對(duì)醉酒司機(jī)的一種方法”，以及倒數(shù)第二句“在英國，1967年《道路安全法》實(shí)施后，機(jī)動(dòng)車死亡人數(shù)立即下降了25%”，綜合理解可推斷，英國的《道路安全法》認(rèn)為酒后駕車是違法的。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“修改了現(xiàn)行法律，降低了界定醉酒駕駛的血液酒精濃度水平”在該段沒有提到，無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“增加了酒后駕駛被捕的人數(shù)”是美國一些州執(zhí)行的措施的結(jié)果，屬于張冠李戴；

D項(xiàng)“對(duì)酒精飲料的銷售征稅”在文中有提及，但不是英國1967年《道路安全法》中的規(guī)定，張冠李戴。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.TheauthorcitestheBritishexampleinorderto______.3.作者為了______引用了英國的例子。

A.provethataslightincreaseinthenumberofarrestsofintoxicateddriverswillnotdeterdrunkdrivingA.證明被逮捕的醉酒司機(jī)數(shù)量的輕微增加并不能阻止醉酒駕駛

B.provethatstricterenforcementoflawsagainstintoxicateddriverswouldreducetrafficdeathsB.證明對(duì)醉酒司機(jī)實(shí)施更嚴(yán)格的執(zhí)法將減少交通死亡人數(shù)

C.showthattheproblemofdrunkdrivingisworseinBritainthanintheU.S.C.表明英國的醉駕問題比美國嚴(yán)重

D.suggestthattaxationofalcoholconsumptionmaybemoreeffectivethancriminallawsD.建議對(duì)酒精消費(fèi)征稅可能比刑法更有效

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位至第三段的內(nèi)容：在一些州，法律授權(quán)警察要求對(duì)任何交通違規(guī)的司機(jī)進(jìn)行呼氣測(cè)試，血液酒精濃度升高可以作為逮捕的依據(jù)。然而，美國國家公路交通安全管理局估計(jì)，即使逮捕人數(shù)有所增加，每一次逮捕中仍有約700起違規(guī)行為。在這個(gè)層面上，幾乎沒有證據(jù)表明法律可以阻止醉酒駕車。在英國，1967年《道路安全法》實(shí)施后，機(jī)動(dòng)車輛死亡人數(shù)立刻下降了25%。盡管在隨后的三年里死亡率很少達(dá)到法案之前七年的水平，但隨著英國人越來越認(rèn)識(shí)到他們可以喝酒，而且不會(huì)被阻止，法律的制約效果下降了。從中可知，即使美國的一些州的法律授權(quán)警察對(duì)交通違規(guī)的司機(jī)進(jìn)行酒精呼氣檢查，作為逮捕的依據(jù)，但酒駕被捕的人數(shù)上升了，所以法律對(duì)于阻止醉酒駕駛方面沒有什么效果，接著作者以1967年英國頒布的《道路安全法》為例證明了法律對(duì)限制酒駕是沒有多大作用的。因此，A項(xiàng)“證明被逮捕的醉酒司機(jī)數(shù)量的輕微增加并不能阻止醉酒駕駛”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“證明對(duì)醉酒司機(jī)實(shí)施更嚴(yán)格的執(zhí)法將減少交通死亡人數(shù)”和C項(xiàng)“表明英國的醉駕問題比美國嚴(yán)重”根據(jù)解題思路可知，該兩項(xiàng)與原文表述不符，曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“建議對(duì)酒精消費(fèi)征稅可能比刑法更有效”根據(jù)解題思路可知，與題干無關(guān)，屬于張冠李戴。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Theauthor’sclosingremarkscanbestbedescribedas______.4.作者的結(jié)束語可以用______來描述。

A.ironicA.諷刺的

B.indignantB.憤憤不平的

C.indifferentC.冷漠的

D.indecisiveD.猶豫不決的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】首先定位至文章最后一句“然而，有一件事是明確的（Onethingisclear），除非（unless）我們處理汽車和公路的安全問題，減少醉酒造成的事故，否則許多人將繼續(xù)死亡”，從Onethingisclear（有一件事是明確的）和unless可以看出，作者對(duì)于交通安全問題是憤憤不平的，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“諷刺的”、C項(xiàng)“冷漠的”和D項(xiàng)“猶豫不決的”根據(jù)解題思路可知，表述與原文不符，曲解原文。

10.單選題

2.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hehasaterriblebackache.

B.Hehasabadheadache.

C.Hehasatoothache.

D.Hehasadiarrhea.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Whattimewouldyourdoctorbeintoday?

W:Heishereafter2:30.Doyouneedtoseehimtoday?

M:Yesmybackiskillingme.

Q:What’stheman’sproblem?

【解析】男士說：Yesmybackiskillingme(我的背疼死了)，故選A。

11.單選題

Sheisfondof______,sodon’tapproachherandtellherwhattroublesyou.She’llmakeitknowtoall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speech

B.appraisal

C.comment

D.gossip

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)speech“演講”；B選項(xiàng)appraisal“評(píng)估；估價(jià)”；C選項(xiàng)comment“議論；批評(píng)”；D選項(xiàng)gossip“流言飛語，閑言碎語；閑聊”。句意：她喜歡______，所以不要接近她，告訴她你的煩惱。根據(jù)語境，這里指她非常喜歡說閑話，所以不要跟她走太近，D選項(xiàng)gossip“流言飛語，閑言碎語”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

BBC’sCasualtyprogrammeonSaturdayeveninggaveviewersavoteastowhichoftwopatientsshouldbenefitfromadonation.Butitfailedtotellusthatwewouldnotneedtomakesomanylife-and-deathdecisionsifwegottogripwiththechronicorganshortage.

Beingpussyfootingaroundinitsapproachtodeadbodies,theGovernmentisgivingakickingtosomeofthemostvulnerableinoursociety.Onedepressingconsequenceofthisisthatasignificantnumberofthoseonthewaitinglisttakeofftoforeigncountriestopurchaseanorganfromalivingthird-worlddonor,somethingthatisforbiddenintheUnitedKingdom.Thepoorhavenooptionbuttowaitinvain.

TheHumanTissueAuthority’spositionontheretentionofbodypartsformedicalresearchafterapost-mortemexaminationisequallyflawed.Thenewconsentformscouldhavebeendraftedbysomeevilpersonseekingtostopthepreciousflowofhumantissueintothepathologicallaboratory.Theformsaresolengthythatdoctorsrarelyhavetimetocompletethemand,eveniftheytry,thewordingissographicthatrelativestendtolegitbeforesigning.Inconsequence,thenumberofpostmortemshasfallenquickly.

ThewiderworryisthatthemoralshortsightednessevidentintheHumanTissueActseemstoin-fecteveryfacetofthecontemporarydebateonmedicalethics.Takethetimidapproachtoembryonicstemcellresearch.TheUnitedStates,forexample,refusesgovernmentfundingtoscientistswhowishtocarryoutpotentiallyground-breakingresearchonthesurplusembryoscreatedbyIVFtreatment.

Senatorsprofesstobeworriedthatembryonicresearchfailstorespectthedignityof“potentialpersonsn.Rarelycansuchavacuousconcepthavefounditswayintoadebateclaimingtoprovideen-lightenment.Whenisthis“potential”supposedtokickin?Incaseyouwerewondering,thesesup-posedlypreciousembryosareatthesamestageofdevelopmentasthosethatareroutinelyterminatedbythepillwithoutanyonecrying.Thankfully,theBritishGovernmenthasrefusedthepositionofthe

UnitedStatesandoperatesoneofthemostliberalregimesinEurope,inwhichlicenceshavebeena-wardedtoresearcherstocreateembryosformedicalresearch.Itispossiblethat,inyearstocome,scientistswillbeabletogroworgansinthelabandfindcuresforarangeofdebilitatingdiseases.

Thefundamentalproblemwithourapproachtoethicsisourinabilitytoseparateemotionfrompolicy.Theonlyfactorthatshouldenterourmoralandlegaldeliberationsisthatofwelfare,aconceptthatismeaninglesswhenappliedtoentitiesthatlackself-consciousness.Neverforgetthattheresearchthatwearesoreluctanttoconductuponembryosanddeadbodiesisroutinelycarriedoutonliving,pain-sensitiveanimals.

1.Whathascausedthechronicorganshortage?

2.Theexpression“pussyfootingaround”(Line1，Paragraph2)mightmean（）.

3.Themoralshortsightednessisrevealedinthefactthat（）

4.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthormostlikelytoagree?

5.Theauthorismostcriticalof（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Adecreaseindonationrates.

B.Inefficientgovernmentalpolicy.

C.Illegaltradeinhumanorgans.

D.Newsmedia’sindifference.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.unfair

B.hesitant

C.secret

D.strict

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thegovernmenthasstoppedtheexperimentonhumantissue

B.thedonationconsentformsaredifficulttounderstand

C.theHumanTissueActisallobstacletoimportantmedicalresearch

D.embryonicresearchshowsdisregardforhumanlife

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Therichandthepoorareequalinthefaceofdeath.

B.Morescientistsareneededforthemedicaladvancement.

C.Thereisadoublestandardinmedicalethics.

D.Thedeaddeservethesameattentionastheliving.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.themedia

B.doctors

C.U.S.Legislators

D.theBritishgovernment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段指出：Beingpussyfootingaroundinitsapproachtodeadbodies,theGovernmentisgivingakickingtosomeofthemostvulnerableinoursociety。因此政府行為加劇了可移植器官的短缺。B項(xiàng)（政府政策的不作為）正確。

2.語義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第一行，該處講到“政府對(duì)待尸體問題……，給我們社會(huì)中最弱勢(shì)的群體一個(gè)打擊（givingakickingto）”，后面句子又講到“它造成的一個(gè)令人沮喪（depressing）的后果是等待名單上很大一部分人飛到國外從第三世界捐贈(zèng)者那里購買活體器官，而這在英國是被禁止的”。由此可知，“pussyfootingaround”在這里應(yīng)該表示的是“謹(jǐn)慎的，顧慮重重的”。因此，B項(xiàng)“hesitant（猶豫的；躊躇的）”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“moralshortsightedness”定位至第四段：ThewiderworryisthatthemoralshortsightednessevidentintheHumanTissueActseemstoinfecteveryfacetofthecontemporarydebateonmedicalethics（更令人擔(dān)憂的是，《人體組織法案》中明顯的道德短視似乎影響了當(dāng)代醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)辯論的各個(gè)方面）。因此，C項(xiàng)（《人體組織法案》是重要醫(yī)學(xué)研究的障礙）正確。

4.態(tài)度題。A項(xiàng)（死亡面前人人平等），B項(xiàng)（更多的科學(xué)家需要醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步），C項(xiàng)（醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)有雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），D項(xiàng)（死者應(yīng)該與生者獲得同等關(guān)注）。第一段反駁了A項(xiàng)；B選項(xiàng)偷換概念，排除；D項(xiàng)文章沒有體現(xiàn)。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.態(tài)度題。作者是對(duì)政府政策持批判態(tài)度的。因此，C項(xiàng)（美國立法者）正確。

13.單選題

Thebankrefusedto（）himanymoney,sohehadtopostponebuyingahouse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.credit

B.borrow

C.loan

D.lease

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。credit“信任，把…歸給”；borrow“借”；loan“貸款，借款”；lease“出租，租用”。句意：這個(gè)銀行拒絕貸款給他，所以他不得不推遲買房子。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.問答題

AlongtimeaidetoPresidentBushwhowroteoccasionalguestco