書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Thepassagecontainstenerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassage,trytodetecttheerrorsandwritedownyourcorrectionsontheanswersheet.

【答案】答：

1.lack改為short

2.launch改為launched

3.it改為which

4.crews改為crew

5.Upon改為Once

6.rotation改為rotate

7.inwards改為outwards

8.will改為would

9.from改為into

10.fantastically改為fantastical

【解析】1.【解題思路】lackof中的lack是一個(gè)名詞，所以lackof也是一個(gè)名詞詞組，跟在be動(dòng)詞后面應(yīng)該跟冠詞，所以這里要把名詞lack改為形容詞short，shortof表示“短缺”。

2.【解題思路】分析句子可知，saw是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以launch應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)形式，而太空巴士是在1981年首次著陸，事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以launch用過(guò)去分詞形式launched。

3.【解題思路】分析句子可知，主句是Thisis“Columbia”，后面沒(méi)有連詞，所以只能作為定語(yǔ)從句修飾Columbia，故把it改為which。

4.【解題思路】crew是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示“全體人員”，不用再跟s，故crews改為crew。

5.【解題思路】Upon表示“在……之上”，而此句是指“空間站一旦建成，它就會(huì)產(chǎn)生自己的大氣層”，故把Upon改為Once。

6.【解題思路】rotation是一個(gè)名詞，而needto后面要跟動(dòng)詞，故把rotation改為rotate。

7.【解題思路】此句是指“在離心力的作用下，人們將被迫從中心向外移動(dòng)”，而inwards表示“向內(nèi)”，所以應(yīng)該把inwards改為outwards。

8.【解題思路】根據(jù)文章可知，此處是表示生活在外太空的一種假設(shè)情況，而will不含有虛擬的語(yǔ)氣，故把will改為would。

9.【解題思路】beconverted一般與to或者into搭配，表示“被轉(zhuǎn)變成”，所以把from改為into。

10.【解題思路】sounds是系動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)該是一個(gè)形容詞，所以要把副詞fantastically改為形容詞fantastical。

2.單選題

Culturally,thiscountryisdividedintotwo______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tides

B.sections

C.verses

D.yards

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tides“潮水；潮流”；B選項(xiàng)sections“部分”；C選項(xiàng)verses“詩(shī)節(jié)，歌曲的段落”；D選項(xiàng)yards“（某種用途的）區(qū)域，場(chǎng)地”。句意：從文化上講，這個(gè)國(guó)家分為兩個(gè)______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是把一個(gè)整體的國(guó)家一分為二，B選項(xiàng)sections“部分”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Alittlemorethanacenturyago,MichaelFaraday,thenotedBritishphysicist,managedtogainaudiencewithagroupofhighgovernmentofficials,todemonstrateanelectrochemicalprinciple,inthehopeofgainingsupportforhiswork.

Afterobservingthedemonstrationclosely,oneoftheofficialsremarkedbluntly“It’safascinatingdemonstration,youngman,butjustwhatpracticalapplicationwillcomeofthis?”

“Idon’tknow,”repliedFaraday,“butIdoknowthat100yearsfromnowyou’llbetaxingthem”.

Fromthedemonstrationofaprincipletothemarketingofproductsderivedfromthatprincipleisoftenalong,involvedseriesofsteps.Thespeedandeffectivenesswithwhichthesestepsaretakenarecloselyrelatedtothehistoryofmanagement,theartofgettingthingsdone.JustasmanagementappliestothewondersthathaveevolvedfromFaradayandotherinventors,soitappliedsome4,000yearsagototheworkingsofthegreatEgyptianandMesopotamianimportandexportfirms,toHannibal’sremarkablefeatofcrossingtheAlpsin218B.C,with90,000footsoldiers,12,000horsemenanda“conveyorbelt”of40elephantsortotheearlyChristianChurch,withitsworld-shakingconceptsofindividualfreedomandequality.

Theseancientinnovatorsweredeeplyinvolvedintheproblemsofauthority,divisionoflabor,discipline,unityofcommand,clarityofdirectionandtheotherbasicfactorsthataresomeaningfultomanagementtoday.ButtherealimpetustomanagementasanemerginprofessionwastheIndustrialRevolution.Originatingin18th-centuryEngland,itwastriggeredbyaseriesofclassicinventionsandnewprocesses;amongthemJohnKay’sFlyingShuttlein1733,JamesHargreaves’SpinningJennyin1770,SamuelCrompton’sMuleSpinnerin1779andEdmundCartwright’sPowerLoomin1785.

1.TheanecdoteaboutMichaelFaradayindicatesthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,managementisdefinedas

（

）.

3.Inthepassagewecanseethatmanagementcameintoitsown（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.politicianstaxeverything

B.peopleareskepticalaboutthevalueofpureresearch

C.taxesareuppermostinscientists’minds

D.hewasrejectedbyhisgovernment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.accomplishingwonders

B.thecreatoroftheIndustrialRevolution

C.theartofgettingthingsdone

D.supervisingsubordinates

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.intheEgyptianandMesopotamianimportandexportfirms

B.inthedevelopmentoftheearlyChristianChurch

C.atthetimeofMichaelFaraday

D.intheeighteenthcentury

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中“It’safascinatingdemonstration,youngman,butjustwhatpracticalapplicationwillcomeofthis?年輕人，這是一個(gè)令人著迷的演示，但它究竟會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么實(shí)際應(yīng)用呢？”可知B項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)純研究的價(jià)值持懷疑態(tài)度”正確。

2.判斷推理題。定位第四段中“Thespeedandeffectivenesswithwhichthesestepsaretakenarecloselyrelatedtothehistoryofmanagement,theartofgettingthingsdone.采取這些步驟的速度和效率與管理的歷史即完成工作的藝術(shù)密切相關(guān)?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“完成工作的藝術(shù)”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到最后一段中“Originatingin18th-centuryEngland,itwastriggeredbyaseriesofclassicinventionsandnewprocesses它起源于18世紀(jì)的英國(guó)，由一系列經(jīng)典的發(fā)明和新工藝引發(fā)?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Themagicianpickedoutseveralpeople（）fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwiththeperformance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.byaccident

B.onoccasion

C.atrandom

D.onaverage

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。byaccident“意外的”；onoccasion“有時(shí)”；atrandom“胡亂的、隨便的”；onaverage“平均的”。本句意為“魔術(shù)師隨意的從觀眾中挑選一些人幫助他表演”，atrandom符合句意，因此選C。

5.填空題

We’ve（1）indeterminingthenatureofthesoilpollutioninthisarea.We（2）labtestsonsoilsamplesanddetectedthepresenceofthreeheavymetalsinharmfulquantities.Nowweneedtofindoutwhatthe（3）oftheheavymetalsis:Wherearetheycomingfrom?

【答案】controversies;performed;origin

【解析】句意:在決定該地區(qū)土地污染的屬性方面我們存在爭(zhēng)議。我們做了一些實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試，從大量有害物質(zhì)中檢測(cè)出三種重金屬的存在。現(xiàn)在我們需要找出這些重金屬的來(lái)源：它們是從哪里來(lái)的？

1.語(yǔ)義題。句意:在決定該地區(qū)土地污染的屬性方面我們存在爭(zhēng)議。

2.固定搭配。Performtestson做實(shí)驗(yàn)。

3.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容Wherearetheycomingfrom?“它們是從哪里來(lái)的”可知此處是問(wèn)“起源，來(lái)源”，故填origin。

6.翻譯題

Itisacommonprobleminthenon-familyownedprivatelimitedcompany:shareholder/directorwantstoretireorleavethebusiness,butoneormoreofhisfellowshareholders/directorswanttocontinue.1.Itiseasyenoughforadirectortoretire,butthelikelihoodisthathewillwanttocashinonhisshareswhichhaveaccumulatedsomevalueovertheperiodofhisparticipationinthebusiness.Frequently,though,hisfellowshareholder/director(s)donothavethefinancialresourcestoacquirethesharesattheirmarketvalue.Awidevarietyofoptionsexist,butpurchaseofownsharesbythecompanyisoneofthemostuseful.

Purchaseofownsharesisexactlywhatsaysitis:thecompanyacquiresthesharesfromtheshareholders.Inprinciple,itisasimpleconceptbutonewhichiscoveredbyanumberofveryimportantlegislativeprovisions,bothincompanyandtaxlaw.2.Althoughatfirstsightthelegislationappearstoobstructwhatmightotherwisebeasimpleprocess,itactuallyexisttofacilitatethepurchase,whileprotectingthecreditors(sofarascompanylawisconcerned).Infact,theprovisionaretoonumeroustocoverindetailinafewwordsandthisarticleisdesignedtooutlinetherules,regulationsandoptions.

3.Itwasalwaysthecasethatacompanycouldnotacquireitsownshares,becauseindoingsoitwasobtainingownershipofitself,whichiscontrarytothemostfundamentallegalprinciplessurroundingthenatureandexistenceofcompanies.TheCompanyAct1981changedallthatandtheprovisionsitintroducedarenowincorporatedintotheCompanyAct1985.

4.Inessence,providedacompanyispermittedtodosobyitsMemorandumandArticlesofAssociation,anycompanycannowacquireitsownshares(subjecttotherebeingatleastoneleft).Becausepurchaseofownsharesisarelativelyrecentinnovation,manycompanies’MemorandumandArticlesofAssociationdonotcontainthisprovisionbutappropriateprovisionscanbeincludedbySpecialResolution,requiringa75%majority.

5.Althoughthepurchasemustnormallybemadeoutoftheproceedsofafreshissueofsharesandorofdistributableprofits,importantprovisionexistforprivatecompaniestomakethepurchaseoutofcapital.Ifdistributableprofitsareinsufficientthen,providedthecompanyissolventaftertheredemptionandisbelievedbydirectorstobegoingconcernforafurtheryear,thenthepurchasecangoahead.

【答案】1.對(duì)一個(gè)董事來(lái)說(shuō)，只是想退休很容易，但他可能想要將他在參與公司經(jīng)營(yíng)期間積累了一定價(jià)值的股份變現(xiàn)。

2.雖然乍一看，這項(xiàng)立法似乎阻礙了原本可能簡(jiǎn)單的程序，但它實(shí)際上是為了在促進(jìn)購(gòu)買(mǎi)的同時(shí)保護(hù)債權(quán)人（就公司法而言）的權(quán)利。

3.通常情況下，一個(gè)公司不能購(gòu)買(mǎi)自己的股份，因?yàn)檫@樣做是獲得自己的所有權(quán)，這違反了關(guān)于公司的性質(zhì)和存在的最基本的法律原則。

4.從本質(zhì)上來(lái)說(shuō)，只要一家公司的組織大綱和章程允許它這樣做，任何公司現(xiàn)在都可以收購(gòu)自己的股份（前提是至少還有一股剩下）。

5.盡管這種購(gòu)買(mǎi)通常必須用新發(fā)行的股票和（或）可分配利潤(rùn)的收益進(jìn)行，但對(duì)私營(yíng)公司來(lái)說(shuō)，也存在可以用資本購(gòu)買(mǎi)的重要規(guī)定。

7.單選題

Wemustalsounderstandhowto（）betweenwhatshouldberememberedandwhatshouldbeforgotten.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.differentiate

B.distinct

C.disengage

D.entangle

【答案】A

【解析】形近異義詞解析。differentiate“區(qū)別，區(qū)分”；distinct“明顯的”；disengage“使脫離，解開(kāi)”，entangle“使糾纏，卷人”。句意：我們必須明白將需要記住的事和需要忘掉的事區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Heclaimsthatadvertisingtodaytendstoportraywomenintraditionalrolessuchascookingortakingcareofthebaby.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.depict

B.advocate

C.criticize

D.analyze

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“描述，描寫(xiě)”；B選項(xiàng)“呼吁，提倡”；C選項(xiàng)“批評(píng)”；D選項(xiàng)“分析”；題干中portray“描述，描畫(huà)”，句意：他聲稱(chēng)，如今的廣告傾向于塑造女性扮演傳統(tǒng)角色，比如做飯或照顧孩子。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Althoughthenumberofreportedvolcaniceruptionshasrisenexponentiallysince1850,thisindicatesnotincreasingvolcanicactivitybutrathermorewidespreadand______recordkeeping.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.systematic

B.erratic

C.superficial

D.abating

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)systematic“系統(tǒng)的，體系的”，B項(xiàng)erratic“不穩(wěn)定的，古怪的”，C項(xiàng)superficial“表面的，膚淺的”，D項(xiàng)abating是abate的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“使減少，使緩和”?？崭裉幮枰钊胍粋€(gè)和widespread并列的形容詞，D項(xiàng)可排除；根據(jù)recordkeeping（記錄保存），結(jié)合其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思可知，只有A項(xiàng)是符合語(yǔ)境的。句意：雖然自1850年以來(lái)，報(bào)告的火山爆發(fā)次數(shù)呈指數(shù)級(jí)增長(zhǎng)，但這并不表示是火山活動(dòng)的增加，而是更廣泛和更系統(tǒng)的記錄保存。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Humanmigration:thetermisvague.Whatpeopleusuallythinkofisthepermanentmovementofpeoplefromonehometoanother.Morebroadly,though,migrationmeansalltheways—fromtheseasonaldriftofagriculturalworkerswithinacountrytotherelocationofrefugeesfromonecountrytoanother.

Migrationisbig,dangerous,compelling.Itis60millionEuropeansleavinghomefromthe16thtothe20thcenturies.Itissome15millionHindus,Skihs,andMuslimssweptupinatumultuousshuffleofcitizensbetweenIndiaandPakistanafterthepartitionofthesubcontinentin1947.

Migrationisthedynamicundertowofpopulationchange:everyone’ssolution,everyone’sconflict.Asthecenturyturns,migration,withitsinevitableeconomicandpoliticalturmoil,hasbeencalled“oneofthegreatestchallengesofthecomingcentury.”

Butitismuchmorethanthat.Itis,ashasalwaysbeen,thegreatadventureofhumanlife.Migrationhelpedcreatehumans,droveustoconquertheplanet,shapedoursocieties,andpromisestoreshapethemagain.

“Youhaveahistorybookwritteninyourgenes,”saidSpencerWells.Thebookhe’stryingtoreadgoesbacktolongbeforeeventhefirstwordwaswritten,anditisastoryofmigration.

Wells,atall,blondgeneticistatStanfordUniversity,spentthesummerof1998exploringremotepartsofTranscaucasiaandCentralAsiawiththreecolleaguesinaLandRover,lookingfordropsofblood.Intheblood,donatedbythepeoplehemet,hewillsearchforthestorythatgeneticmarkerscantellofthelongpathshumanlifehastakenacrosstheEarth.Geneticstudiesarethelatesttechniqueinalongeffortofmodernhumanstofindoutwheretheyhavecomefrom.Buthoweverthepathsaretraced,thebasicstoryissimple:peoplehavebeenmovingsincetheywerepeople.Ifearlyhumanshadn’tmovedandintermingledasmuchastheydid,theyprobablywouldhavecontinuedtoevolveintodifferentspecies.FrombeginningsinAfrica,mostresearchersagree,groupsofhunter-gatherersspreadout,driventotheendsoftheEarth.

TodemographerKingsleyDavis,twothingsmademigrationhappen.First,humanbeings,withtheirtoolsandlanguage,couldadapttodifferentconditionswithouthavingtowaitforevolutiontomakethemsuitableforanewniche.Second,aspopulationsgrew,culturesbegantodiffer,andinequalitiesdevelopedbetweengroups.Thefirstfactorgaveusthekeystothedoorofanyroomontheplanet;theothergaveusreasonstousethem.

Overthecenturies,asagriculturespreadacrosstheplanet,peoplemovedtowardplaceswheremetalwasfoundandworkedandtocentersofcommercethatthenbecomecities.Thoseplaceswere,inturn,invadedandoverrunbypeoplelatergenerationscalledbarbarians.

Inbetweenthesestormsurgesweresteadierbutsimilarlyprofoundfidesinwhichpeoplemovedouttocolonizeorwerecapturedandbroughtinasslaves.ForawhilethepopulationofAthens,thatcityoflegendaryenlightenmentwasasmuchas35percentslaves.

“Whatstrikesmeishowimportantmigrationisasacauseandeffectinthegreatworldevents.”MarkMiller,co-authorofTheAgeofMigrationandaprofessorofpoliticalscienceattheUniversityofDelaware,toldmerecently.

Itisdifficulttothinkofanygreateventsthatdidnotinvolvemigration.Religionsspawnedpilgrimsorsettlers;warsdroverefugeesbeforethemandmadenewlandavailablefortheconquerors;politicalupheavalsdisplacedthousandsormillions;economicinnovationsdrewworkersandentrepreneurslikemagnets;environmentaldisasterslikefamineordiseasepushedtheirbedraggledsurvivorsanywheretheycouldreplanthope.“It’spartofournature,thismovement,”Millersaid,“It’sjustafactofthehumancondition.”

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

2.AccordingtoKingsleyDavis,migrationoccursasaresultofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.

3.WhichofthefollowinggroupsisNOTmentionedasmigrantsinthepassage?

4.Thereseemstobea(n)______relationshipbetweengreateventsandmigration.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Migrationexertsagreatimpactonpopulationchange.

B.MigrationcontributestoMankind’sprogress.

C.Migrationbringsaboutdesirableandundesirableeffects

D.Migrationmaynotbeaccompaniedbyhumanconflicts.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.humanadaptability

B.humanevolution

C.culturaldifferences

D.inter-groupinequalities

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Farmers.

B.Workers.

C.Settlers.

D.Colonizers.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.loose

B.indefinite

C.causal

D.remote

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪個(gè)陳述是不正確的？”。根據(jù)第三段第一句Migrationisthedynamicundertowofpopulationchange:everyone’ssolution,everyone’sconflict.（移民是人口變化的動(dòng)態(tài)的潛在影響：每個(gè)人的解決方案，每個(gè)人的沖突）可知，A項(xiàng)“人口遷移對(duì)人口變化有很大的影響”正確，而D項(xiàng)“移民可能不會(huì)伴隨著人類(lèi)沖突”與原文不符；由第三段最后一句Asthecenturyturns,migration,withitsinevitableeconomicandpoliticalturmoil,hasbeencalled“oneofthegreatestchallengesofthecomingcentury.”（隨著世紀(jì)之交的到來(lái)，移民及其不可避免的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治動(dòng)蕩被稱(chēng)為“下個(gè)世紀(jì)最大的挑戰(zhàn)之一”）以及第四段最后一句Migrationhelpedcreatehumans,droveustoconquertheplanet,shapedoursocieties,andpromisestoreshapethemagain.（移民幫助創(chuàng)造了人類(lèi)，驅(qū)使我們征服這個(gè)星球，塑造了我們的社會(huì)，并有望再次重塑它們）可知，B項(xiàng)“移民有助于人類(lèi)的進(jìn)步”和C項(xiàng)“移民帶來(lái)了有利和不利的影響”都符合原文。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)KingsleyDavis的說(shuō)法，移民的發(fā)生是由于以下原因，除了……”。根據(jù)文章第七段TodemographerKingsleyDavis,twothingsmademigrationhappen.First,humanbeings,withtheirtoolsandlanguage,couldadapttodifferentconditionswithouthavingtowaitforevolutiontomakethemsuitableforanewniche.Second,aspopulationsgrew,culturesbegantodiffer,andinequalitiesdevelopedbetweengroups.（在人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家KingsleyDavis看來(lái)，有兩件事促成了移民的發(fā)生。首先，人類(lèi)可以用他們的工具和語(yǔ)言來(lái)適應(yīng)不同的環(huán)境，而不必等待進(jìn)化使他們適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。其次，隨著人口的增長(zhǎng)，文化開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)差異，不同群體之間的不平等也在發(fā)展。）可知，移民發(fā)生的原因包括人類(lèi)的適應(yīng)性和文化的差異以及不同群體之間的不平等，A項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)的適應(yīng)能力”、C項(xiàng)“文化差異”和D項(xiàng)“部落之間的不平等”都是其中的原因，只有B項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)進(jìn)化”未提及。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪個(gè)群體在文章中沒(méi)有提到是移民？”。最后一段講述了幾起重大事件引起的人口遷移：Religionsspawnedpilgrimsorsettlers;warsdroverefugeesbeforethemandmadenewlandavailablefortheconquerors;politicalupheavalsdisplacedthousandsormillions;economicinnovationsdrewworkersandentrepreneurslikemagnets;environmentaldisasterslikefamineordiseasepushedtheirbedraggledsurvivorsanywheretheycouldreplanthope.（宗教催生了朝圣者或定居者；戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)把難民趕到了他們面前，為征服者提供了新的土地；政治動(dòng)蕩使成千上萬(wàn)人流離失所；經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)新像磁鐵一樣吸引著工人和企業(yè)家；像饑荒或疾病這樣的環(huán)境災(zāi)難把他們臟兮兮的生還者推到任何他們可以重新種植希望的地方。），由此可知，B項(xiàng)“工人”、C項(xiàng)“定居者”和D項(xiàng)“殖民者”都是移民的群體，只有A項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”沒(méi)有被提到。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在重大事件和移民之間似乎有一個(gè)……的關(guān)系”。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Whatstrikesmeishowimportantmigrationisasacauseandeffectinthegreatworldevents.”MarkMiller,co-authorofTheAgeofMigrationandaprofessorofpoliticalscienceattheUniversityofDelaware,toldmerecently.（特拉華大學(xué)政治學(xué)教授、《移民時(shí)代》的合著者M(jìn)arkMiller最近告訴我：“讓我震驚的是，移民和世界重大事件是因果關(guān)系?！保┛芍?，C項(xiàng)“因果”正確；A項(xiàng)“松散的”、B項(xiàng)“不確定的”和D項(xiàng)“遙遠(yuǎn)的”都不準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

ShecanspeakFrenchandGerman,to______nothingofEnglish.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.say

B.speak

C.talk

D.tell

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)saynothingof“更不用說(shuō)”；其余選項(xiàng)非固定搭配。句意：她會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)和德語(yǔ)，英語(yǔ)就______。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.SetonthesouthwesternedgeofIceland,thevolcaniclandscapeiswhippedbytheNorthAtlanticwinds,whichhusheverythingaroundthem.Asculptureattheentrancetothevillagedepictsanakedmanfacingawallofseawatertwicehisheight.Thereisnomovietheater,andmanyresidentsneverventuretothecapital,a50-minutedriveaway.

ButSandgerdimightbetheperfectplacetoraisegirlswhohavemathematicaltalent.Governmentresearcherstwoyearsagotestedalmostevery15-year-oldinIcelandforitandfoundthatboystrailedfarbehindgirls.Thatfactwasuniqueamongthe41countriesthatparticipatedinthestandardizedtestforthatagegroupdesignedbytheOrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.ButwhileIceland’sgirlswerealoneintheworldintheirsignificantleadinmath,theirnationaladvantageof15pointswassmallcomparedwiththeonetheyhadoverboysinfishingvillageslikeSandgerdi,whereitwascloserto30.

TheteachersofSandgerdi’s254studentswereonlymildlysurprisedbytheresults.Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.Boysthinkofschoolassufferingsonthewaytoafutureoffindingrichesatsea;forgirls,it’stheirticketoutoftown.MargretIngporsdottirandHannaMariaHeidarsdottir,both15,studentsatSandgerdi'sgleamingschool—whichhasasciencelaboratory,acomputerroomandawell-stockedlibrary—havenodoubtthattheyareheadedforuniversity.“IthinkIwillbeapharmacist,”saysHeidarsdottir.TheteenssatinprincipalGudjonKristjansson’sofficelastweek,waitingforaridetothenearbytownofKevlavik,wheretheywerecompetinginWestIceland’syearlymathcontest,oneofmanythroughoutIcelandinwhichgirlsexcel.

Meanwhile,bytheharbor,GisliTorHauksson,14,alreadyhasbigplansthatdon’trequirespendinghisafternoonstoilingovergeometry.“I’llbeafisherman,”hesays,justlikemostofhisancestors.Hisfatherrecentlyreturnedhomefrom60daysatseaoffthecoastofNorway.“Hecamebackwith1.1millionkrona,”about$18,000，saysHauksson.Asforschool,hesays，“itdestroysthebrain.”Heintendstoquitat16,theearliestageatwhichhecandosolegally“Aboyseeshisolderbrotherwhohasbeenatseaforonlytwoyearsandhasabettercarandabiggerhousethantheheadmaster,”saysKristjansson.

ButthestoryoffemaleachievementinIcelanddoesn'tnecessarilyhaveahappyending.Educatorshavefoundthatwhengirlsleavetheirruralenclavestoattenduniversitiesinthenation’scities,theirscienceadvantagegenerallyshrinks.While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.InamathclassataReykjavikschool,AsgeirGurdmundsson,17,saysthatalthoughgirlswereconsistentlybrighterthanboysatschool,“theyjustseemtoleavethetechnicaljobstous.”SaysSoirunGensdottir,thedirectorofeducationattheMinistryofEducation,ScienceandCulture:“Wehavetofindawaytostopgirlsfromdroppingoutofsciences.”

Teachersacrossthecountryhavebeguntoexperimentwithwaystoraiseboystothelevelofgirlsinelementaryandsecondaryeducation.ThehighschoolinKevlawiktriedanexperimentin2002and2003,separating16-to-20-year-oldsbygenderfortwoyears.Thattimetheboysslippedevenfurtherbehind.“Theboyssaidthegirlswerebetteranyway,”saysKrlstjanAsmundsson,whotaughtthe25boys.“Theydidn’teventry.”

1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSandgerdi?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhygirlsdobetterthanboysinmathatSandgerdiismostprobablythefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

3.Thefifthparagraphsuggeststhatinthefieldofscience

（

）.

4.Girlsflinchbackinthecompetitionwithboysmostprobablybecause

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.desolate

B.poor

C.bustling

D.thriving

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.boysandgirlssharedifferentincentivesinmathlearning

B.thegirlsaremoreanxiousabouttheirfuturecareer

C.theboysconsiderthatfishingdoesn’tnecessarilyneedmath

D.theboysspendmoretimeontheirparttimejobs

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.womenhaveadvantagesovermenincompetition

B.womentendtobeinalessembarrassinglevel

C.menareplyingmoreimportantroles

D.Menareonethirdlessthanwomeninnumber

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyareshortofconfidenceinthemselves

B.employersoftenpreferboystotaketechnicaljobs

C.theyhavepoorerperformanceintechnicaljobs

D.theyarewillingtoleavetechnicaljobstoboys

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AVillageInIceland

B.ALandWhereGirlsRuleinMath

C.BoysClevererThanGirls?

D.ScienceStudentsinSandgerdi

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)desolate“荒涼的”；B選項(xiàng)poor“貧窮的”；C選項(xiàng)bustling“繁忙的”；D選項(xiàng)thriving“繁榮的”。由文章第一段中的Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.（這個(gè)有1480人的漁村是一個(gè)荒涼而孤獨(dú)的地方）可知Sandgerdi是一個(gè)荒涼的地方，因此選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.（他們說(shuō)性別差距不是來(lái)自資質(zhì)的差別，而是學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力的差別）可知D選項(xiàng)“男孩們把更多的時(shí)間花在兼職上”符合題意，A、B、C選項(xiàng)都與“學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力”有關(guān)。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.（盡管61%的大學(xué)生是女性，但她們只占冰島理科學(xué)生的三分之一。當(dāng)他們進(jìn)入勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)時(shí)，許多人被男性所取代，他們成為醫(yī)生、工程師和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)人員）可知C選項(xiàng)“男人扮演著更重要的角色”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.（教育家們說(shuō)，他們看到許多聰明的女孩在面對(duì)真實(shí)的、面對(duì)面的與男孩的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)時(shí)突然退縮）可知A選項(xiàng)“她們對(duì)自己缺乏信心”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了在冰島上的Sandgerdi由于男女學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)機(jī)不一樣，女生在數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)上男生優(yōu)秀，因此B選項(xiàng)“女生在數(shù)學(xué)上占統(tǒng)治地位的地方”符合題意。

13.問(wèn)答題

(1)AstudypresentedlastweekattheAmericanHeartAssociationmeetingsuggeststhatmentalrelaxationproducedbymeditationmayhavephysiologicalbenefits,atleastinthecaseofpeoplewithestablishedcoronaryarterydisease.Researchersfollowedabout200high-riskpatientsforanaverageoffiveyears.Amongthe100whomeditated,therewere20heartattacks,strokesanddeaths；inthecomparisongroup,therewere32.(2)Themeditatorstendedtoremaindisease-freelongerandalsoreducedtheirbloodpressure.“Wefoundreducedbloodpressurethatwassignificant一thatwasprobablyoneimportantmediator，”saidDr.RobertSchneider,directoroftheInstituteforNaturalMedicineandPreventioninFairfield,Iowa,whopresentedthefindings.ThestudywasconductedattheMedicalCollegeofWisconsininMilwaukee,incollaborationwiththeinstitute.Dr.Schneidersuggestedthat(3)thestressreductionproducedbythemeditationcouldcausechangesinthebrainthatcutstresshormonesanddeceleratetheprocessesassociatedwithatherosclerosis(動(dòng)脈硬化).

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(2).

【答案】1：AccordingtoastudyattheAmericanHeartAssociationmeetinglastweek,thinkingdeeplyinsilencecangeneratespiritualrecreation,whichmaybegoodtoone’sphysiology,atleastitistrueforthosewhosufferfromcoronaryarterydisease.

2：Thosewhoremaininasilentandcalmstateforaperiodoftimeareinclinedtodiseaseinalongertime,andtheirbloodpressurebecomelower.

3：Slientlythinkingcanreleasepressure,whichcouldleadtosomechangesinthebrain,anditcanreducethepressurehormonesandcontrolthedeteriorationofatherosclerosis.

14.單選題

Thereisawidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventionsweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefindings,weareurgedtosupportmonopolypoweronthegroundthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythehugeassetsofthegiantcorporationorconglomeratecanaffordthekindofexpendituresthatcanproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatmorethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingordomuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlong-standingconceptionoftheprocessdrivenforwardbycompetition.Thepricevariableonceperceivedasthedominantaspectofthecompetitiveprocessisnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholderswhomightbemoreconcernedwithcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudgets,itwouldbeashockingerrortoassumethatthemonopolisticproducershouldbeequatedwithbountifulexpendituresforresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusandresistthethreati