書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東體育學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Suchquestionsshouldbeapproachedhonestlyandinfullawarenessthat（

）loanagreementswillcostmoneyduetocancellationorothercharges.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compressing

B.terminating

C.conforming

D.contending

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:這些問(wèn)題應(yīng)該認(rèn)真的探討，要充分意識(shí)到終止貸款協(xié)議及其他事項(xiàng)是要花成本的。

compress(被)壓緊;精簡(jiǎn);濃縮;壓縮;壓縮(文件等)。terminate(使)停止，結(jié)束，終止;到達(dá)終點(diǎn)站。conform順從，順應(yīng)(大多數(shù)人或社會(huì));隨潮流;遵守。contend(尤指在爭(zhēng)論中)聲稱，主張，認(rèn)為;競(jìng)爭(zhēng);爭(zhēng)奪。

2.單選題

I'mafraidI（

）forgotherbirthday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pure

B.right

C.sheer

D.clean

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)pure“純粹的”；B選項(xiàng)right“正確的”；C選項(xiàng)sheer“完全，徹底”；D選項(xiàng)clean“干凈的”。句意：我恐怕完全忘記她的生日了。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.單選題

I’mafraidourfoodstockwillbe___beforelong.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.putup

B.stayedup

C.savedup

D.usedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)putup“提供；建造；舉起；提高；推舉，提名；供給……住宿；直接行動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)stayedup“不睡覺(jué)，熬夜”；C選項(xiàng)savedup“儲(chǔ)蓄；貯存”；D選項(xiàng)usedup“用完，耗盡”。句意：恐怕我們的食物儲(chǔ)備不久就會(huì)___。本句表達(dá)“不久就會(huì)用完事物”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat（）wehadtostopforrefreshments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atlarge

B.atease

C.atrandom

D.atintervals

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配詞組辨析。atlarge“詳盡的”;atease“安逸,舒適”;atrandom“隨便地,任意地”;atintervals“不時(shí)地,間斷地”。句意:討論時(shí)間太長(zhǎng),使人精疲力竭,我們不得不不時(shí)地停下來(lái)吃點(diǎn)點(diǎn)心。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

5.單選題

Afewcommonmisconceptions:Beautyisonlyskin-deep.One’sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon’tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.

Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1,000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnot-so-beautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:Looksdomatter,morethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggest,forexample,thatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirparents,soughtoutasfriends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelytobehired,paidwell,andpromoted.

Onceagain,thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpieties（虔誠(chéng)）whileactingjustthecontrary.Theirtypicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup-collegestudents,orteachersorcorporatepersonnelmangers—apieceofpaperrelatinganindividual’saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractiveperson,someanaverage-lookingcharacter,andsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.

Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfromSappho,thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperception,whatisbeautifulisgood.

Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessor,whoisanauthorityonthesubject,explains:Intermsoftheircareers,theimpactofphysicalattractivenessonmalesisonlymodest.Butitspotentialimpactonfemalescanbetremendous,makingiteasier,forexample,forthemoreattractivetogetjobswheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernote,though,thereisenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractivewomenwhoaspire（追求）tomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive.

1.Accordingtothepassage,peopleoftenwronglybelievethatinpursuingacareerasamanager_______.

2.Theresultofresearchcarriedoutbysocialscientistsshowthat______.

3.Experimentsbyscientistshaveshownthatwhenpeopleevaluateindividualsoncertainattributes________.

4.“Goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen”（Line1，Para.5）meansthat______.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinthebusinessworld______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aperson’spropertyordebtsdonotmattermuch

B.aperson’soutwardappearanceisnotacriticalqualification

C.womenshouldalwaysdressfashionably

D.womenshouldnotonlybeattractivebutalsohigh-minded

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.peopledonotrealizetheimportanceoflookingone’sbest

B.womeninpursuitofmanagerialjobsarenotlikelytobepaidwell

C.good-lookingwomenaspiretomanagerialpositions

D.attractivepeoplegenerallyhaveanadvantageoverthosewhoarenot

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyobservetheprinciplethatbeautyisonlyskin-deep

B.theydonotusuallyactaccordingtotheviewstheysupport

C.theygiveordinary-lookingpersonsthelowestratings

D.theytendtobasetheirjudgmentontheindividual’saccomplishments

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.attractivewomenhavetremendouspotentialimpactonpublicjobs

B.good-lookingwomenalwaysgetthebestofeverything

C.beingattractiveisnotalwaysanadvantageforwomen

D.attractivewomendonotdoaswellasunattractivewomeninmanagerialpositions

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.handsomemenarenotaffectedasmuchbytheirlooksasattractivewomenare

B.physicallyattractivewomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallydoquitewell

C.physicallyattractivemenandwomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallygetalongquitewell

D.goodlooksareimportantforwomenastheyareformen

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Afewcommonmisconceptions:Beautyisonlyskin-deep.”，可知很多人誤解地認(rèn)為美是膚淺的。后一句“Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.”，說(shuō)明女性應(yīng)該讓自己看起來(lái)最好才是作者想要表達(dá)的正確觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“…thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.”，照片上的人越漂亮，評(píng)價(jià)就越高，說(shuō)明外貌是一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段，“thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpietieswhileactingjustthecontrary.”，說(shuō)明我們嘴上說(shuō)著虔誠(chéng)的話，但是實(shí)際行動(dòng)卻是相反的，也就是不會(huì)根據(jù)自己支持的觀點(diǎn)行事。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“…womenwhoaspiretomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive.”說(shuō)明有足夠的研究表明外表有吸引力的女性不如外表沒(méi)有吸引力的女性工作那么出色。所以外表并不總是能帶來(lái)優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.”，說(shuō)明在事業(yè)中，外貌的吸引力對(duì)女性的影響大于男性。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Theserviceoperates15librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix（）librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mobile

B.drifting

C.shifting

D.rotating

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mobile“可移動(dòng)的，易變的”；B選項(xiàng)drifting“漂流的；飄動(dòng)的”，一般是指由風(fēng)或者水飄動(dòng)著；C選項(xiàng)shifting“不斷移動(dòng)的，不斷變化的”，也可以變換形態(tài)；D選項(xiàng)rotating“旋轉(zhuǎn)的”。句意：這項(xiàng)服務(wù)管理全國(guó)15所圖書館，其中6所……圖書館專為農(nóng)村地區(qū)服務(wù)。這里的形容詞修飾的是后面的libraries圖書館。移動(dòng)圖書館有專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)為mobilelibrary，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

（）,itisquiteeasytodrillaholeonitwithlaser.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asthediamondishard

B.Howhardisthediamond

C.Hardasthediamondis

D.Hardalthoughthediamondis

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒裝用法。由前后兩句的關(guān)系可知，前一個(gè)分句為讓步狀語(yǔ)，由此知B項(xiàng)與D項(xiàng)不正確；再由as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，后面做表語(yǔ)的名詞或形容詞要放在as前來(lái)形成倒裝，故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：鉆石雖硬，但是用激光很容易鉆一個(gè)洞。

8.單選題

Vaccinesarenormallyconceivedtofightinfectiousdisease,butanew_______willbringcheertothosewhohaveresolvedtokickcertainhabitsinthenewyear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shot

B.bound

C.finitude

D.gunnery

【答案】B

【解析】shot射擊;bound界限,范圍;finitude界限,限制;gunnery射擊,重炮。句意：疫苗通常被認(rèn)為是用來(lái)對(duì)抗傳染病的,但是一項(xiàng)新的進(jìn)展將給那些決心在新的一年改掉某些習(xí)慣的人帶來(lái)希望。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

（

）,itisquiteeasytodrillaholeinitwithalaser.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hardadiamondis

B.Hardasadiamondis

C.Asadiamondishard

D.Howhardisadiamond

【答案】B

【解析】句意:盡管金剛石是硬的，但是用激光在上面鉆孔很容易。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾椴糠值寡b。這是一個(gè)as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝:形容詞+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),故選B。

10.單選題

（）mainlyfortheinventionofthetelephone,AlexanderGrahamBelldevotedhislifetohelpingthedeaf.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heisremembered

B.Whilebeingremembered

C.Toberemembered

D.Thoughremembered

【答案】D

【解析】考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。后面的句子完整,

但是沒(méi)有連詞連接,

由此可知前面應(yīng)該為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),

所以首先排除選項(xiàng)A。根據(jù)句意：雖然人們記得亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾主要是由于電話的發(fā)明,

但實(shí)際上他一生都致力于幫助失聰者。前后有轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,

所以用連詞though更適合。

11.單選題

Ialwayslefthomeforschoolearlierinthemorning______trafficjam.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inlinewith

B.forthesakeof

C.incaseof

D.attheriskof

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)inlinewith“與……一致”；B選項(xiàng)forthesakeof“為了”；C選項(xiàng)incaseof“以防萬(wàn)一”；D選項(xiàng)attheriskof“冒著……的危險(xiǎn)”。句意：我總是在早上較早離開(kāi)家去上學(xué)______交通堵塞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指早點(diǎn)出門是為了不想堵車，C選項(xiàng)incaseof“以防萬(wàn)一”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Themedicine（

）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.activated

B.alleviated

C.mediated

D.deteriorated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。activate“刺激，激活”；mediate“調(diào)?！?；deteriorate“惡化”，alleviate“減輕”。句意：這種藥物減輕了他的痛苦，但是沒(méi)有治愈他。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.Achildlearningtotalkdoesnotlearnbybeingcorrectedallthetime.Ifcorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalking.Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguagethosearoundhimuse.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguagelikewhatotherpeoplesay.Inthesameway,whenchildrenlearntodoalltheotherthingstheylearntodowithoutbeingtaught-towork,run,climb,whistle,orrideabicycle.Theycomparethoseperformanceswiththoseofmoreskilledpeople,andslowlymaketheneededchanges.

Butinschoolwenevergiveachildachancetofindouthisownmistakesforhimself,letalonecorrectthem.Wedoitallforhim.Weactasifwethoughtthathewouldnevernoticeamistakeunlessitwaspointedouttohim,orcorrectitunlesshewasmadeto.Soonhebecomesdependentontheteacher.Lethimdoithimself.Lethimworkout,withthehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit,whatthiswordsays,whatansweristothatproblem,whetherthisisagoodwayofsayingordoingthisornot.Ifitisamatterofrightanswers,asitmaybeinmathematicsorscience,givehimtheanswerbook.Lethimcorrecthisownpapers.

Whyshouldweteacherswastetimeonsuchroutinework?Ourjobshouldbetohelpthechildwhenhetellsusthathecan’tfindawaytogettherightanswer.Let’sendthisnonsenseofgrades,examsandmarks.Letusthrowthemallout,andletthechildrenlearnwhatalleducatedpersonsmustsomedaylean,thatis,howtomeasuretheirownunderstandingandhowtoknowwhattheyknowordonotknow.Letthemgetonwiththisjobinthewaythatseemsmostsensibletothem,withourhelpasschoolteachersiftheyaskforit.

Theideathatthereisabodyofknowledgetobelearntatschoolandusedfortherestofone’slifeisnonsenseinaworldascomplicatedandrapidlychangingasours.Anxiousparentsandteacherssay,“Butsupposetheyfailtolearnsomethingessential,somethingtheywillneedtogetintheworld?”Don’tworry!Ifitisessential,theywillgooutintotheworldandlearnit.

46.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestwayforchildrentolearnthings?

47.Accordingtothepassage,ateacher’sdutyisto（）.

48.Thepassagesuggeststhatlearningtospeakandlearningtorideabicycle（）.

49.Theextremeviewoftheauthoristhatchildren’sprogressshouldonlybeassessedby（）.

50.Theauthorthinksthatifchildrenarealwayscorrected,theywillgrowuptobe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Bymakingmistakesandhavingthempointedoutbyothers.

B.Byhavingtheirmistakescorrected.

C.Bynoticingtheirproblemsandmakingchanges.

D.Bylisteningtoexplanationsfromskilledpeople.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.providestudentswithhelpwhenitisneeded

B.findoutstudents’mistakesandcorrectingthem

C.teachstudentsknowledgeessentialfortheirfuturelife

D.helpstudentsfindoutcorrectanswers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideessentialskillsforlearningtogrow

B.needalotofteachingandcorrection

C.aresimilarinthattheyarelearntbypracticingandmakingchanges

D.arequitedifferentinthewaytheyarepickedupnaturally

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.educators

B.childrenthemselves

C.teachers

D.parents

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.fearfulofmakingmistakes

B.toocriticalofthemselves

C.unabletothinkforthemselves

D.unabletousebasicskills

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】46.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段Theycomparethoseperformanceswiththoseofmoreskilledpeople,andslowlymaketheneededchanges.（他們將這些表現(xiàn)與更熟練的人進(jìn)行比較，然后慢慢地做出必要的改變。）也就是說(shuō)孩子們學(xué)習(xí)很多技能和學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言一樣，犯了錯(cuò)誤不需要總是被指出并糾正，他們會(huì)自覺(jué)地與其他人做比較，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，并且做出改變，這樣是對(duì)他們最好的，因此C選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)注意他們的問(wèn)題并做出改變”，正確。A選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)犯錯(cuò)誤并讓別人指出來(lái)解決”；B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)糾正他們的錯(cuò)誤”以及D選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)聽(tīng)取技術(shù)人員的解釋”都不是文章所認(rèn)為的最好的方式。

47.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第三段第二句Ourjobshouldbetohelpthechildwhenhetellsusthathecan'tfindawaytogettherightanswer.（當(dāng)孩子告訴我們他找不到正確的答案時(shí)，我們的工作應(yīng)該是幫助他。）因此A選項(xiàng)“在學(xué)生需要的時(shí)候提供幫助”，正確。B選項(xiàng)“找出學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤并改正”；C選項(xiàng)“教給學(xué)生未來(lái)生活所必需的知識(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)“幫助學(xué)生找出正確的答案”，都是錯(cuò)誤的做法。

48.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到第一段Inthesameway,whenchildrenlearntodoalltheotherthingstheylearntodowithoutbeingtaught-towork,run,climb,whistle,orrideabicycle.（同樣地，當(dāng)孩子們學(xué)會(huì)做所有他們沒(méi)有被教過(guò)的事情時(shí)——工作、跑步、爬山、吹口哨或騎自行車。）Theycomparethoseperformanceswiththoseofmoreskilledpeople,andslowlymaketheneededchanges.（他們將這些表現(xiàn)與更熟練的人進(jìn)行比較，然后慢慢地做出必要的改變。）可以看出來(lái)，作者的觀點(diǎn)是，無(wú)論是騎自行車也好，說(shuō)話也好，都是在不斷地練習(xí)和更改中進(jìn)步的，因此C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)說(shuō)話和學(xué)習(xí)騎自行車是相似的，因?yàn)樗麄兪峭ㄟ^(guò)練習(xí)和改變來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“提供學(xué)習(xí)成長(zhǎng)所需的基本技能”；B選項(xiàng)“需要大量的教學(xué)和糾正”以及D選項(xiàng)“它們的自然學(xué)習(xí)方式有很大不同”都不正確。

49.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段Letusthrowthemallout,andletthechildrenlearnwhatalleducatedpersonsmustsomedaylean,thatis,howtomeasuretheirownunderstandingandhowtoknowwhattheyknowordonotknow.（讓我們把它們都扔掉，讓孩子們學(xué)習(xí)所有受過(guò)教育的人將來(lái)必須學(xué)習(xí)的東西，那就是，如何衡量自己的理解力，如何知道自己知道什么，不知道什么。）根據(jù)這句話的意思也就是說(shuō)，我們應(yīng)該教育孩子們要學(xué)習(xí)和知道的并不是所謂的正確答案，重要的是要對(duì)自己已知和未知的東西有一個(gè)正確的了解，因此只有他們才能對(duì)自己的能力做出正確評(píng)價(jià)。因此B選項(xiàng)“孩子本身”，正確。A選項(xiàng)“教育者”；C選項(xiàng)“老師”以及D選項(xiàng)“家長(zhǎng)”，文章沒(méi)有提及。

50.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段前半段Weactasifwethoughtthathewouldnevernoticeamistakeunlessitwaspointedouttohim,orcorrectitunlesshewasmadeto.Soonhebecomesdependentontheteacher.（除非向他指出錯(cuò)誤，否則他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)注意到錯(cuò)誤，或者除非讓他改正錯(cuò)誤。很快他就變得依賴?yán)蠋熈?。）這句話就表明，如果不斷地去改正孩子，他將無(wú)法獨(dú)立思考，因此C選項(xiàng)“他們長(zhǎng)大后將無(wú)法獨(dú)立思考”正確。A選項(xiàng)“害怕犯錯(cuò)”；B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)自己太嚴(yán)格”；D選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有掌握基本技能的能力”都是原文沒(méi)有提到的。

14.單選題

They______onacurefortuberculouswhiletheyweredoingresearchonsomethingelse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.foundered

B.stumbled

C.fumbled

D.tripped

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.foundered破產(chǎn)，沉沒(méi)B.stumbled蹣跚而行

C.fumbled笨手笨腳地做D.tripped將……絆倒

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】由賓語(yǔ)acurefortuberculous（治療肺結(jié)核）可知，“發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合語(yǔ)境，而stumbleon為固定搭配，表示“意外發(fā)現(xiàn)，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C選項(xiàng)都不與on搭配；

D選項(xiàng)tripon表示“在……上失誤”，不符合句意。

【句意】他們?cè)谘芯科渌麞|西的時(shí)候偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種治療肺結(jié)核的方法。

15.單選題

Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleep—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks.

Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.Theeye

Controlledbythesleepinghemispherekeepsshut,whilethewakefulhemisphere’seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonce.

Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerable,end-of-the-rowsleepers.Sureenough,theendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfromtheircompanions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirection.

Also,birdsdozingattheendofthelineresortedtosingle-hemispheresleep,ratherthantotalrelaxation,moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.Rotating16birdsthroughthepositionsinafourduckrow,theresearchersfoundouterbirdshalf-asleepduringsome32percentofdozingtimeversusabout12percentforbirdsininternalspots.

“Webelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorallycontrollingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebrain,”theresearcherssay.

Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalong-standingsuppositionthatsingle-hemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespread,hepredicts.He’sseenitinapairofbirdsdozingside-by-sideinthezooandinasinglepetbirdsleepingbyamirror.Themirror-sideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.

Usefulashalf-sleepingmightbe,it’sonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammalsas

Dolphins,whales,andseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.

Studiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep.JeromeM.SiegeloftheUCLAsayshewondersifbirds’half-brainsleep“isjustthetipoftheiceberg”.Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.

1.Anewstudyonbirds’sleephasrevealedthat____________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,birdsoftenhalfsleepbecause____________.

3.Theexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthat____________.

4.Whilesleeping,somewatermammalstendtokeephalf-awakeinorderto____________.

5.By“justthetipoftheiceberg”(Line2,Para.8),Siegelsuggeststhat____________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.half-brainsleepisfoundinawidevarietyofbirds,

B.half-brainsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwaves

C.birdscancontroltheirhalf-brainsleepconsciously

D.birdsseldomsleepwiththewholeoftheirbrainatrest

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavetowatchoutforpossibleattacks

B.theirbrainhemispherestaketurnstorest

C.thetwohalvesoftheirbrainaredifferentlystructured

D.theyhavetoconstantlykeepaneyeontheircompanions

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thephenomenonofbirdsdozinginpairsiswidespread

B.birdsprefertosleepinpairsforthesakeofsecurity

C.evenanimaginedcompaniongivesthebirdasenseofsecurity

D.asinglepetbirdenjoysseeingitsownreflectioninthemirror

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.alertthemselvestotheapproachingenemy

B.emergefromwaternowandthentobreathe

C.besensitivetotheever-changingenvironment

D.avoidbeingsweptawaybyrapidcurrents

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.half-brainsleephassomethingtodowithicyweather

B.themysteryofhalf-brainsleepisclosetobeingsolved

C.mostbirdslivingincoldregionstendtobehalfsleepers

D.half-brainsleepisaphenomenonthatcouldexistamongotherspecies.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleep—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks.（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)對(duì)睡著的鴨子的最新研究，鳥類處于半睡眠狀態(tài)，其中一個(gè)腦半球保持警戒，另一個(gè)腦半球用來(lái)睡覺(jué)——或者控制這一側(cè)大腦保持清醒。），可知鳥類可以控制自己的睡眠，所以C選項(xiàng)“鳥類可以有意識(shí)地控制他們的半腦睡眠”正確。A選項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)半腦睡眠出現(xiàn)在很多鳥類身上”，B選項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠的特點(diǎn)是腦電波緩慢”和D選項(xiàng)“鳥類很少在休息的時(shí)候用整個(gè)大腦睡覺(jué)”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.（早期的研究已經(jīng)記錄了很多鳥類的半腦睡眠。），可知這是早期研究的結(jié)果，故錯(cuò)誤。推測(cè)因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第一句single-hemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies（動(dòng)物在觀察周圍以提防敵人時(shí)進(jìn)化出了半腦睡眠），可知?jiǎng)游镆驗(yàn)橐岱罃橙吮Ｗo(hù)自己而發(fā)展出來(lái)半腦睡眠，所以A選項(xiàng)“他們必須提防可能的攻擊”正確。B選項(xiàng)“他們的大腦半球輪流休息”：這是半腦睡眠帶來(lái)的影響和好處，而非原因，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“他們的大腦的兩個(gè)半球是不同的結(jié)構(gòu)”：文章沒(méi)有提到鳥類的腦部結(jié)構(gòu)是怎樣的，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“他們必須時(shí)刻注意他們的同伴”：這屬于半腦睡眠運(yùn)用的地方和體現(xiàn)，而非原因，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句Themirror-sideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.（鏡子那邊的那只眼睛閉上了，好像鏡子里的那只眼睛是同伴，而另一只眼睛則一直睜開(kāi)著。），可知即使沒(méi)有真正的同伴在，鳥兒也會(huì)視鏡子中的自己為同伴，不一定非得要和同伴一起睡覺(jué)，結(jié)合鳥類的半腦睡眠是因?yàn)楸Ｗo(hù)自己，所以C選項(xiàng)“即使是一個(gè)想象中的同伴也會(huì)給鳥一種安全感”正確，B選項(xiàng)“為了安全起見(jiàn)，鳥兒喜歡成對(duì)睡覺(jué)”和D選項(xiàng)“一只寵物鳥喜歡看到自己在鏡子里的倒影”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“鳥兒成對(duì)打瞌睡的現(xiàn)象很普遍”：沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第七段最后一句Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.（也許保持一側(cè)大腦清醒可以讓睡著的動(dòng)物偶爾浮出水面，以避免溺水。），可知一些水生哺乳動(dòng)物為了在睡著時(shí)保持安全而發(fā)展出半睡眠狀態(tài)，所以D選項(xiàng)“避免被急流沖走”正確。A選項(xiàng)“警惕接近的敵人”，B選項(xiàng)“偶爾從水里冒出來(lái)呼吸”和C選項(xiàng)“感知不斷變化的環(huán)境”沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第八段最后一句Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.（他推測(cè)，當(dāng)我們進(jìn)一步觀察其他物種時(shí)，可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的例子。），可知JeromeM.Siegel認(rèn)為半腦睡眠可能也存在于其他生物，所以D選項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠是一種可能存在于其他物種中的現(xiàn)象”正確。A選項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠與寒冷天氣有關(guān)”和C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)生活在寒冷地區(qū)的鳥類往往是半睡眠者”：這里的冰山一角和天氣寒冷無(wú)關(guān)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠之謎即將被破解”：文章沒(méi)有提到破解謎題，并且這還需要進(jìn)一步研究，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Nature’senergyefficiencyoften（

）humantechnology:despitetheintensityofthelightfirefliesproduce,theamountofheatisnegligible;onlyrecentlyhavehumansdevelopedchemicallight-producingsystemswhoseefficiency（

）thefirefly’ssystem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.engenders...manipulates

B.reflects...simulates

C.outstrips...rivals

D.inhibits...matches

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)的engender“產(chǎn)生，引起（某種感覺(jué)或情況）”；manipulate“（暗中）控制，操縱，操作”；B選項(xiàng)的reflect“反映，表明，顯示，反射（聲、光、熱等）”;simulate“假裝,模擬，冒充”；C選項(xiàng)的outstrip“追過(guò)，勝過(guò)，凌駕”;rival“堪與某人/某物競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，比得上某人/某物”；D選項(xiàng)的inhibit“禁止，抑制”；match“相配，相適合，（數(shù)量或質(zhì)量）比得上，與……不相上下”。根據(jù)句意‘自然界的能量效率常常超過(guò)人類的技術(shù)：盡管螢火蟲所發(fā)出的光亮極為強(qiáng)烈，但其熱量卻微乎其微：其是在近期，人類才研制出化學(xué)發(fā)光系統(tǒng)，其能量效率方能與螢火蟲的發(fā)光體系相媲美’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Stemcellsare（

）cellswiththeabilitytodivideanddevelopintomanyotherkindsofcells.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.infertile

B.juvenile

C.mobile

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.infertile不育的B.juvenile青少年的；幼稚的

C.mobile可移動(dòng)的；易變的D.versatile通用的；多功能的；萬(wàn)能的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】干細(xì)胞是具有……的細(xì)胞，能產(chǎn)生出其他多種細(xì)胞。由本句后半句“能產(chǎn)生出其他多種細(xì)胞”可知干細(xì)胞是具有產(chǎn)生多功能的細(xì)胞。所以D選項(xiàng)“通用的；多功能的”符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】干細(xì)胞是一種多功能細(xì)胞，具有分裂和發(fā)育成許多其他類型細(xì)胞的能力。

18.單選題

Althoughthestudyofanimalcommunicationhasplayedavitalroleinourunderstandingofhumancommunicationeversincethedawnoftime,recentresearchinthisareahasrevealedanumberofstrikingsimilaritiesbetweenanimalandhumancommunication.Researchershavediscoveredthatanimals1withhumansanumberofcharacteristics,including2associatedwithattractionandmating,territoriality,familiarties,divisionoflabor,andanumberofothertraitsthatweonce3wereuniquely“4”.

Forexample,the5betweensquirrelmonkeymothersandinfantsisnotunlikethatofhuman.Wheninfantsareseparatefromtheirmothers,theyemitloud,easily6,andindividuallyrecognizablesounds.7,themothercanfindherchildand8itsneeds.9,mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”,oradultspeechthatis10inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resemble

B.share

C.contrast

D.differ

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.that

C.those

D.ones

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.assumed

B.guessed

C.justified

D.reasoned

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.animal’s

B.humane

C.humanity

D.human

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.bond

B.ties

C.affection

D.joint

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.simulated

B.located

C.situated

D.detected

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.Inthisway

B.Thus

C.Becauseofthis

D.Therefore

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.supply

B.help

C.get

D.serve

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.Conversely

B.Likely

C.Likewise

D.Comparatively

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.altered

B.modified

C.revised

D.adapted

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)resemble“類似”；B選項(xiàng)share“共用”；C選項(xiàng)contrast“對(duì)比；對(duì)照；顯出明顯的差異”；D選項(xiàng)differ“不同”。句意：人類交流研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，動(dòng)物和人類有許多共同的特征。這里是說(shuō)動(dòng)物和人類有許多共同的特征，由此可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)“what”以及B選項(xiàng)“that”不能引導(dǎo)非限定制性定語(yǔ)從句，故排除A，B選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)D“ones”只能作為代詞，不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，故排除。因此選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。

3.考查上下文語(yǔ)義辨析。A選項(xiàng)assumed“假設(shè)；（承擔(dān)）責(zé)任”；B選項(xiàng)guessed“猜想”；C選項(xiàng)justified“調(diào)整；證明……正當(dāng)”；D選項(xiàng)reasoned“說(shuō)服”。上文說(shuō)到研究者對(duì)動(dòng)物交流的研究就在我們理解人類交流方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用，可推測(cè)此處應(yīng)填研究者的推論，B選項(xiàng)guess指的是毫無(wú)根據(jù)僅憑個(gè)人主觀臆斷，可排除，由此可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)animal’s“動(dòng)物，動(dòng)物世界；牲畜”；B選項(xiàng)humane“仁慈的，人道的；高尚的”；C選項(xiàng)humanity“人道；仁慈；人文學(xué)科”；D選項(xiàng)human“人類”。中文翻譯為：我們猜想我們是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的人類，判斷出此處D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)bond“紐帶”；B選項(xiàng)ties“結(jié)”；C選項(xiàng)affection“喜愛(ài)，感情；影響；感染”；D選項(xiàng)joint“關(guān)節(jié)；接縫”。句意：松鼠猴的母親和嬰兒之間的紐帶就像人類一樣。判斷出A項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)simulated“模擬的；模仿的；仿造的”；B選項(xiàng)located“處于，位于；坐落的”；C選項(xiàng)situated“位于……的；處于……境遇的”；D選項(xiàng)detected“檢測(cè)到的”。根據(jù)下文，themothercanfindherchild（媽媽能找到她的孩子）?？芍狟選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查連詞。A選項(xiàng)Inthisway“這樣；用這種方法”；B選項(xiàng)Thus“因此；從而；這樣；如此”；C選項(xiàng)Becauseofthis“因?yàn)檫@個(gè)”；D選項(xiàng)Therefore“因此”。由上文“當(dāng)嬰兒與母親分開(kāi)時(shí)，他們會(huì)發(fā)出響亮的、容易定位的、單獨(dú)可識(shí)別的聲音”的這種方式，可推測(cè)A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。A選項(xiàng)supply“供給，提供；補(bǔ)充”；B選項(xiàng)help“幫助”；C選項(xiàng)get“使得；獲得；受到；變成”；D選項(xiàng)serve“招待，供應(yīng)”。根據(jù)find“找到”以及后文itsneeds“它的需要”，D選項(xiàng)“serve”所提供的服務(wù)是虛擬的，A選項(xiàng)“supply”所提供的服務(wù)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的，可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)Conversely“相反地”；B選項(xiàng)Likely“很可能；或許”；C選項(xiàng)Likewise“同樣地；也”；D選項(xiàng)Comparatively“比較地；相當(dāng)?shù)亍薄Ｂ?lián)系下文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”.（松鼠猴媽媽有自己的媽媽語(yǔ)），可知C項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)altered“改變，改動(dòng)，修改”；B選項(xiàng)modified“修改；更改”；C選項(xiàng)revised“修改；校訂；復(fù)習(xí)”；D選項(xiàng)adapted“使適應(yīng)，改編”。根據(jù)上文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”（松鼠猴媽媽也有自己的媽媽語(yǔ)），下文inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.（以便與嬰兒交流），B選項(xiàng)modified強(qiáng)調(diào)細(xì)小的變化，常含“緩和”的意味，可排除，D選項(xiàng)adapted（適應(yīng)，改編）符合題意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Theresearchinareasofhuman______andexplorationsuggeststhatthesecharacteristicsarisefrombothintrinsicmotivationsordrivestogaininformationandextrinsicexplorativebehavior.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.orderliness

B.curiosity

C.innocence

D.shyness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)orderliness“整潔，整齊；秩序井然”；B選項(xiàng)curiosity“好奇，好奇心；珍品，古董，古玩”；C選項(xiàng)innocence“清白，無(wú)罪；天真無(wú)邪”；D選項(xiàng)shyness“羞怯”。句意：人類______和探索領(lǐng)域的研究表明，這些特征來(lái)自于獲取信息的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)或驅(qū)動(dòng)，以及外在的探索行為。橫線處與后面的“探索領(lǐng)域”是并列主語(yǔ)，與獲取信息和探索對(duì)應(yīng)度最高的是好奇心，B選項(xiàng)curiosity“好奇，好奇心”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Manyinstructorsbelievethataninformal,relaxedclassroomenvironmentis（1）tolearningandinnovation.Itisnotuncommonforstudentstohave（2）andfriendlyrelationshipswiththeirprofessors.The（3）professorisnotnecessarilyapooroneandisstill（4）bystudents.Althoughstudentsmaybeina(n)（5）position,someprofessorstreatthemas（6）.However,nomatterhow

（7）professorswouldliketobe,theystillareinapositionof（8）.

Professorsmay（9）socialrelationshipswithstudentsoutsideoftheclassroom,butintheclassroomthey（10）theinstructor’srole.Aprofessormayhavecoffeewithstudents（11）thenextdayexpectthemto（12）adeadlineforthe（13）ofapaperortobeprepared（14）adiscussionoranexam.Theprofessormaygive（15）attentionoutsideofclasstoastudentin（16）ofhelpbutprobablywillnottreathimorherdifferentlywhenit（17）evaluatingschoolwork.Professorshaveseveralroles（18）students;theymaybecounselorsandfriendsaswellasteachers.Studentsmust（19）thatwhenateacher’srolechanges,theymustappropriately（20）theirbehaviorandattitudes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.instructive

B.constructive

C.conducive

D.healthy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.easygoing

B.comforting

C.carefree

D.relaxing

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.consultative

B.informal

C.easy

D.casual

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.despised

B.respected

C.neglected

D.overlooked

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.inferior

B.minor

C.low

D.subordinate

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.peers

B.colleagues

C.relatives

D.equals

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.democratic

B.formal

C.relaxed

D.strict

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.expert

B.authority

C.supervisor

D.superior

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.reproduce

B.set

C.get

D.establish

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.sustain

B.support

C.maintain

D.retain

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.hence

C.nevertheless

D.then

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.match

B.fulfill

C.meet

D.satisfy

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.submission

B.presentation

C.delivery

D.handing

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.for

C.against

D.of

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.extra

B.due

C.sufficient

D.supplementary

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.quest

B.view

C.search

D.need

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.getsto

B.comesto

C.reaches

D.touches

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.withregardto

B.inviewto

C.inrelationto

D.withreferenceto

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.suppose

B.suggest

C.realize

D.assume

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.adopt

B.adapt

C.adept

D.conform

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:D

第17題:B

第18題:C

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】（1）instructive有教育性的;conducive有益的;constructive有建設(shè)性的;healthy健康的。Conduciveto有利于,有助于...原文中的意思是:一個(gè)非正式、輕松的課堂環(huán)境有利于學(xué)習(xí)和創(chuàng)新。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

（2）根據(jù)后面的friendly以及全句的意思可知,填空處的意思應(yīng)該和friendly