書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-無(wú)錫城市職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ourvisualperceptiondependsonthereceptionofenergyreflectingorradiatingfromthatwhichwewishtoperceive.Ifoureyescouldreceiveandmeasureinfinitelydelicatesense-data,wecouldperceivetheworldwithinfiniteprecision.Thenaturelimitsofoureyeshave,ofcourse,beenextendedbymechanicalinstruments;telescopesandmicroscopes,forexample,expandourcapabilitiesgreatly.Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus:thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesense-datasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeindivisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherretied,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.Itislikeadrawingachildmightmakebystickingindivisiblediscsofcolorontoacanvas.

Wemightthinkthatwecouldavoidthislimitationbyusingquantawithextremelylongwavelengths;suchquantawouldbesufficientlysensitivetoconveyextremelydelicatesense-data.Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuseless.Tomeasurealengthaccuratelytowithinamillionthofaninch,wemusthaveameasuregraduatedinmillionthsofanfilch;ayardstickgraduatedininchesisuseless.Quantawithawavelengthofoneinchwouldbe,inasense,measuresthataregraduatedininches;Quantaofextremelylongwavelengthareuselessinmeasuringanythingexceptextremelylargedimensions.

Despitethesedifficulties,quantahaveimportanttheoreticalimplicationsforphysics.Itusedtobesupposedthat,intheobservationofnature,theuniversecouldbedividedintotwodistinctparts,aperceivingsubjectandaperceivedobjectInphysics,subjectandobjectweresupposedto:beentirelydistinct,sothatadescriptionofanypartoftheuniversewouldbeindependentoftheobserver.Thequantumtheory,however,suggestsotherwise,foreveryobservationinvolvesthepassageofacompletequantumfromtheobjecttothesubject,anditnowappearsthatthispassageconstitutesanimportantcouplingbetweenobserversandobserved.

Wecannolongermakeasharpdivisionbetweenthetwoinanefforttoobservenatureobjectively.Suchanattemptatobjectivitywoulddistortthecrucialinterrelationshipofobserverandobservedandobservedaspartsofasinglewhole.

But,everforscientists,itisonlyintheworldofatomsthatthisnewdevelopmentmakesanyappreciabledifferenceinfileexplanationofobservations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawingattheendofthefirstparagraphprimarilyinorderto

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thequantumtheorycanbedistinguishedfromprevioustheoriesofphysicsbyits（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworld

B.pointouttheinadequaciesofaccepteduniteofmeasurement

C.criticizeattemptstodistinguishbetweenperceivingsubjectsandperceivedobjects

D.compareandcontrastrivalscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobserved.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsense-dataconveyedbyquanta

B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceofsignificantobservationalproblems

C.anticipatetheobjectionsofthosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaidtoobservationisentirelyreliable

D.disparagethosescientistswhobelievethatmeasurementbymeansofquantaoffersanaccuratepictureoftheworld

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.existindependentlyofsense-data

B.aregraduatedonlyininches

C.cannotwithpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelength

D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandposition

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.insistenceonscrupulouslyprecisemathematicalformulations

B.understandingoftheinherentinterrelationshipofperceiverandperceived

C.recognitionoftheneedforsophisticatedinstrumentsofmeasurement

D.emphasisonsmall-scaleratherthanonlarge-scalephenomena

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意可知文章主要講到了我們視覺(jué)感知的局限性阻礙人類精確感知世界的問(wèn)題，隨后由該問(wèn)題引入極長(zhǎng)波長(zhǎng)量子的概念并加以討論，所以這篇文章的主要目的是討論阻礙人類精確感知世界的問(wèn)題，所以A選項(xiàng)‘討論一個(gè)阻礙對(duì)世界的精確認(rèn)知的問(wèn)題’正確；B選項(xiàng)“指出現(xiàn)行測(cè)量單位的不合理性”、C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于將觀察者與被觀察物進(jìn)行區(qū)分的行為進(jìn)行批判”和D選項(xiàng)“比較不同的科學(xué)對(duì)于如何測(cè)量和觀察世界的問(wèn)題的不同假設(shè)”都只是文章中的細(xì)節(jié)部分。

2.推理判斷題。文章在第一段的末尾運(yùn)用了類比的修辭手法，要想找到作者以孩童作畫作比的目的需要往回追溯，分析文章第一段的倒數(shù)二、三句“Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus:thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesense-datasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeindivisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherretied,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.然而，任何儀器都無(wú)法超越一個(gè)極限:這個(gè)極限是由我們無(wú)法接收比單個(gè)量子能量所傳遞的更小的感官數(shù)據(jù)所造成的。由于這些量子被認(rèn)為是不可分割的能量包體，因此不能進(jìn)一步退退，我們達(dá)到了一個(gè)無(wú)法進(jìn)一步解決世界問(wèn)題的地步?！蓖茢喑鯝選項(xiàng)是對(duì)這兩句的句義轉(zhuǎn)述，符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二、三句“Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuseless.”“當(dāng)我們只需測(cè)量能量時(shí)，這些帶有極長(zhǎng)波長(zhǎng)的量子是有用的。但是對(duì)世界絕然精確的感知，還將有賴于對(duì)我們所期望感知的物體的長(zhǎng)度以及位置作出準(zhǔn)確的測(cè)量，而在這一方面帶有極長(zhǎng)波長(zhǎng)的量子就沒(méi)有什么作用了”確定帶有極長(zhǎng)波長(zhǎng)的量子不能用來(lái)獲取物質(zhì)世界的信息的原因?yàn)镈選項(xiàng)“不能對(duì)長(zhǎng)度和位置進(jìn)行精確測(cè)量”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“Inphysics,subjectandobjectweresupposedto:...anditnowappearsthatthispassageconstitutesanimportantcouplingbetweenobserversandobserved.”主要講到了在物理學(xué)中，主體和客體被假定為絕然互不相關(guān)的，然而，量子理論暗示情形恰恰相反，因?yàn)槊恳豁?xiàng)觀察都涉及一個(gè)完整的量子從客體到主體的過(guò)渡，而現(xiàn)在看來(lái)，這一過(guò)渡構(gòu)成了觀察者與被觀察物之間的一種重要的結(jié)合。由此可知量子理論和己有的物理理論之間的區(qū)別在于量子理論對(duì)于觀察者與被觀察物內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的理解，B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Everyday,manypeoplecometovisitthe（

）oftheoldcastle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.location

B.highland

C.site

D.desert

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每天都有人來(lái)參觀城堡的遺址。location“場(chǎng)所”；highland“高低”；site“遺址”；desert“沙漠”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Theverdictmetwitha（）ofcriticism.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hail

B.gust

C.tuft

D.fit

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)ahailof“一陣轟炸/打擊/咒罵”；B選項(xiàng)agustof“一陣（風(fēng)）”；C選項(xiàng)atuftof“一叢”；D選項(xiàng)afitof“突發(fā)一陣，陣發(fā)”。句意：這一判決遭到了一通批評(píng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Modernmanufacturers,whoneedreliablesourcesofmaterialsandtechnologicallyadvancedcomponentstooperateprofitably,faceanincreasinglydifficultchoicebetweenowningtheproducersoftheseitems(apracticeknownasbackwardintegration)andbuyingfromindependentproducers.Manufacturerswhointegratemayreapshort-termrewards,buttheyoftenrestricttheirfuturecapacityforinnovativeproductdevelopment.

Backwardintegrationremovestheneedforsomepurchasingandmarketingfunctions,centralizesoverhead,andpermitsmanufacturerstoeliminateduplicatedeffortsinresearchanddevelopment.Wherecomponentsarecommodities(ferrousmetalsorpetroleum,forexample),backwardintegrationalmostcertainlyprofits.Nevertheless,becauseproductinnovationmeansadoptingthemosttechnologicallyadvancedandcost-effectivewaysofmakingcomponents,backwardintegrationmayentailaseriousriskforatechnologicallyactivecompany—forexample,aproducerofsophisticatedconsumerelectronics.

Acompanythatdecidestomakeratherthanbuyimportantpartscanlockitselfintoanoutdatedtechnology.Independentsuppliersmaybeunwillingtoshareinnovationswithassemblerswithwhomtheyarecompeting.Moreover,whenanassemblersetsouttomasterthetechnologyofproducingadvancedcomponents,theresultingdemandsonitsresourcesmaycompromiseitsabilitytoassemblethesecomponentssuccessfullyintoendproducts.Long-termcontractswithsupplierscanachievemanyofthesamecostbenefitsasbackwardintegrationwithoutcompromisingacompany’sabilitytoinnovate.

However,movingawayfrombackwardintegrationisnotacompletesolutioneither.Developinginnovativetechnologiesrequiresindependentsuppliersofcomponentstoinvesthugesumsinresearchanddevelopment.Theresultinglowprofitmarginsonthesaleofcomponentsthreatenthelong-termfinancialstabilityofthesefirms.Becausetheabilityofend-productassemblerstorespondtomarketopportunitiesdependsheavilyonsuppliersofcomponents,assemblersareoftenforcedtointegratebypurchasingthesuppliersofcomponentsjusttokeeptheirsuppliersinbusiness.

1.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingarebenefitsassociatedwithbackwardintegrationEXCEPT（）.

2.Accordingtopassage,whenanassemblerbuysafirmthatmakessomeimportantcomponentoftheendproductthattheassemblerproduces,independentsuppliersofthesamecomponentmay（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewaythelastparagraphfunctionsinthecontextofthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingrelationshipsbetweenprofitsandinvestmentsinresearchanddevelopmentholdstrueforproducersoftechnologicallyadvancedcomponents?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.improvementinthemanagementofoverheadexpenses

B.enhancementofprofitmarginsonsalesofcomponents

C.simplificationofpurchasingandmarketingoperations

D.reliabilityofasourceofnecessarycomponents

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.withholdtechnologicalinnovationsfromtheassembler

B.experienceimprovedprofitmarginsonsalesoftheirproducts

C.lowertheirpricestoprotectthemselvesfromcompetition

D.sufferfinancialdifficultiesandgooutofbusiness

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thelastinaseriesofargumentssupportingthecentralargumentofthepassageispresented.

B.Aviewpointispresentedwhichqualifiesonepresentedearlierinthepassage.

C.Evidenceispresentedinsupportoftheargumentdevelopedintheprecedingparagraph.

D.Questionsarisingfromtheearlierdiscussionareidentifiedaspointsofdepartureforfurtherstudyofthetopic.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Modestinvestmentsarerequiredandtheprofitmarginsoncomponentsalesarelow.

B.Modestinvestmentsarerequiredbuttheprofitmarginsoncomponentsalesarequitehigh.

C.Despitethehugeinvestmentsthatarerequired,theprofitmarginsoncomponentssalesarehigh.

D.Becausehugeinvestmentsarerequired,theprofitmarginsoncomponentsalesarelow.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Backwardintegrationremovestheneedforsomepurchasingandmarketingfunctions,centralizesoverhead,andpermitsmanufacturerstoeliminateduplicatedeffortsinresearchanddevelopment.”，可知“向后一體化”消除了一些采購(gòu)和營(yíng)銷工作的需要，集中了運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用，并允許制造商消除研究和開(kāi)發(fā)中的重復(fù)工作。所以A項(xiàng)“改進(jìn)運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用的管理”屬于“向后一體化”帶來(lái)的好處，排除A；C項(xiàng)“簡(jiǎn)化采購(gòu)和運(yùn)營(yíng)工作”屬于好處之一，排除C；又根據(jù)文章第一段“Modernmanufacturers,whoneedreliablesourcesofmaterialsandtechnologicallyadvancedcomponentstooperateprofitably,faceanincreasinglydifficultchoicebetweenowningtheproducersoftheseitems(apracticeknownasbackwardintegration)andbuyingfromindependentproducers.”，可知當(dāng)代制造商需要可靠的材料來(lái)源和先進(jìn)的技術(shù)零件才能盈利，他們面臨著一個(gè)艱難的抉擇：是選擇擁有屬于自己的原材料生產(chǎn)者，也就是所謂的“向后一體化”，還是向獨(dú)立的生產(chǎn)商購(gòu)買原材料。所以“向后一體化”可以保證必要元件的可靠來(lái)源，排除D；綜上，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“Independentsuppliersmaybeunwillingtoshareinnovationswithassemblerswithwhomtheyarecompeting.”，獨(dú)立的供應(yīng)商可能不愿意與他們競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的裝配商分享創(chuàng)新成果?？赏茢喑霎?dāng)裝配商買下給他們提供生產(chǎn)最終產(chǎn)品的一些重要元件的公司時(shí)，此元件獨(dú)立的供應(yīng)商不會(huì)與裝配商分享創(chuàng)新成果，從而抑制了裝配商的創(chuàng)新，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句“However,movingawayfrombackwardintegrationisnotacompletesolutioneither.”，可知文章最后一段主要提到摒棄向后一體化的策略也不會(huì)是一個(gè)完整的解決方案，下文對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的說(shuō)明。而作者在上文也反復(fù)提到了向后一體化的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，比如改進(jìn)運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用的管理、簡(jiǎn)化采購(gòu)和運(yùn)營(yíng)工作等，所以上下文形成對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。最后一段提出的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)一步證明了上文提出的某些觀點(diǎn)，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句和第三句“Developinginnovativetechnologiesrequiresindependentsuppliersofcomponentstoinvesthugesumsinresearchanddevelopment.Theresultinglowprofitmarginsonthesaleofcomponentsthreatenthelong-termfinancialstabilityofthesefirms.”，開(kāi)發(fā)創(chuàng)新技術(shù)需要獨(dú)立的零部件供應(yīng)商投入巨額資金進(jìn)行研發(fā)。由此導(dǎo)致的零部件銷售的低利潤(rùn)率威脅著這些公司的長(zhǎng)期財(cái)務(wù)穩(wěn)定。可推斷出對(duì)于高科技元件生產(chǎn)商來(lái)說(shuō)，由于需要大量的投資，所以零部件銷售的利潤(rùn)會(huì)降低。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.翻譯題

人和人之間沒(méi)什么大的差別。任何人都是偉大與渺小、善良與邪惡、高尚與低俗的混合體。有的人個(gè)性比較堅(jiān)毅，或者機(jī)會(huì)比較好，所以能在某個(gè)方而更自由地發(fā)揮自己的稟賦，但是人的潛能都是相同的。就拿我來(lái)說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為自己并不比大多數(shù)人更好或更差，但是我知道，假如我記下我生命中每一個(gè)舉動(dòng)和每一個(gè)掠過(guò)腦海的想法的話，世人將會(huì)把我視作一個(gè)邪惡的怪物。每個(gè)人都會(huì)有這些怪念頭，認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，人們就更能包容自己、包容他人。認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，我們就能以同情的態(tài)度看待同伴，即便他們是最優(yōu)秀最值得尊敬的人：認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，我們也就不會(huì)把自己太當(dāng)一回事了。

【答案】Thereislittledifferencebetweenpeople.Everymanisahotchpotchofgreatnessandlittleness,ofvirtueandvice,ofnobilityandbaseness.Somepeoplehavemorestrengthofcharacter,orbetteropportunities,sotheycanusetheirgiftsmorefreelyinonedirectionoranother,butpeople’spotentialisthesame.Formypart,Idon’tthinkI’mbetterorworsethanmostpeople,butIknowifIwritedowneveryactioninmylifeandeverythoughtthatcrossesmymind,otherpeoplewillregardmeasanevilmonster.Everyonehasthesewhims,andbyrecognizingthatpeoplearemoretolerantofthemselvesandothers.Byrecognizingthis,wecanviewourfellowmenwithcompassion,eveniftheyarethebestandmostrespectable.Byrecognizingthis,wedon’ttakeourselvestooseriously.

6.單選題

Manyproverbs（

）inancientGreeceandRomeandmedievalEurope,spreadingfromcountrytocountryinLatintexts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.designated

B.descended

C.originated

D.created

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。designated指明，指派；descend遺傳下來(lái)，來(lái)自；originated起源，來(lái)源，發(fā)生；create創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作。句意：許多來(lái)源于古希臘、羅馬和中世紀(jì)的歐洲的格言，以拉丁文字的形式在國(guó)家之間傳遞著。起源于originatein，只有C項(xiàng)符合句意，答案C。

7.單選題

It’sabrandnewworld—aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hardcharging,noisemaking,cultureshapingbrandsareeverywhere.They’reonsupermarketshelves,ofcourse,butalsoinbusinessplansfordotcomstartupsandinthenamesofsportscomplexes.Brandsareinfiltratingpeople’severydaylives—bystickingtheirlogosonclothes,inconcertprograms,onsubwaystationwall,eveninelementaryschoolclassrooms.

WeliveinanageinwhichCBSnewscasterswearNikejacketsontheair,inwhichBurgerKingandMcDonald’sopenkiosksinelementary-schoollunchrooms,inwhichschoolslikeStanfordUniversityareendowedwithaYahoo!FoundersChair.Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.

“Ourintellectuallivesandourpublicspacesarebeingtakenoverbymarketing—andthathasrealimplicationsforcitizenship,saysauthorandactivistNaomiKlein.“It’simportantforanyhealthyculturetohavepublicspace—aplacewherepeoplearetreatedascitizensinsteadofasconsumers.We’vecompletelylostthatspace.”

Sincethemid-1980s,asmoreandmorecompanieshaveshiftedfrombeingaboutproductstobeingaboutideas—Starbucksisn’tslingcoffee;it’ssellingcommunity!—thosecompanieshavepouredmoreandmoreresourcesintomarketingcampaigns.

Topayforthosecampaigns,thosesamecompaniesfiguredoutwaystocutcostselsewhere—forexample,byusingcontractlaborathomeandlow-wagelaborindevelopingcountries.Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovide(anybenefits,suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.Thissavescompaniesmoneybutobviouslyputsworkersinvulnerablesituations.IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.

Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.

46.Whatdoesthepassageintendtotellus?

47.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorstateasafactorintheincreasingpresenceofbrandsinpeoples’lives?

48.ThetextsuggeststhatmostcontractlaborersintheU.S.______.

49.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theproblemswithcurrentcorporatepractices.

B.Thenatureofcurrentmarketingcampaignsandstrategies.

C.TheimportanceofbrandsinAmericanculture.

D.Theexcessivepresenceofbrandsandmarketinginpeople’slives.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theaggressivenatureofcorporatemarketing.

B.Thewillingnessofschoolsandmuseumstocooperatewithprivatecompanies.

C.Thelackofgovernmentregulationsofmarketingmethods.

D.Themarketingcampaignstakeuppublicspaces.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.pretendtobetemporaryworkers

B.mayhavetroublesupportingtheirfamiliesfinancially

C.haveworkconditionscomparabletothoseoflow-wageworkersoverseas

D.arelikelytoreceivehealthbenefitsfromtheiremployers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.inadequatefederalfundingfacilitatedtheprivatizationofschoolsandmuseums

B.governmentreducedspendingforschoolsandmuseumsfortheircooperationwithcompanies

C.publicinstitutionsweretooquicktoacceptcorporatemarketingasasourceoffunding

D.bythe1980s,veryfewpublicinstitutionswerenotbeingfundedbycorporations

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】46.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章想要告訴我們什么？”。文章在第一段就提到It’sabrandnewworld–aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hardcharging,noisemaking,cultureshapingbrandsareeverywhere.（這是一個(gè)全新的圍繞品牌建立的世界。強(qiáng)勢(shì)收費(fèi)、制造噪音、塑造文化的品牌無(wú)處不在。），接下來(lái)幾個(gè)段落，作者通過(guò)舉例指出品牌和營(yíng)銷在人民生活中的不斷滲入，包括衣服、電視節(jié)目、公共空間和教室等，并且品牌和營(yíng)銷使得公司費(fèi)用增加，從而迫使公司降低員工的成本；綜合推斷可知，這篇文章主要講的是品牌和營(yíng)銷在人們生活的方方面面中過(guò)度滲透，D項(xiàng)“品牌和營(yíng)銷在人們生活中的過(guò)度存在”正確；A項(xiàng)“公司現(xiàn)行做法存在的問(wèn)題”和B項(xiàng)“當(dāng)前營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)和策略的性質(zhì)”都只是文章的部分內(nèi)容；C項(xiàng)“品牌在美國(guó)文化中的重要性”沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

47.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為下列哪項(xiàng)是品牌在人們生活中日益增多的一個(gè)因素？”。第二段最后一句提到Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.（但是，隨著品牌滲透到我們生活的方方面面，然后是過(guò)度滲透，它們背后的公司引來(lái)了更多的問(wèn)題和更深入的審視，以及消費(fèi)者不可避免的強(qiáng)烈反應(yīng)。），以及文章最后一句Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.（但企業(yè)利用了這些機(jī)構(gòu)的需求，影響太遠(yuǎn)，用營(yíng)銷計(jì)劃壓倒了公民空間。）綜合推斷，品牌在人們生活中日益增加的一個(gè)原因是品牌營(yíng)銷侵略性太強(qiáng)，故A項(xiàng)“企業(yè)營(yíng)銷的侵略性”正確；由文章最后一段第一句Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.（20世紀(jì)80年代，市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)的大規(guī)模擴(kuò)張與政府對(duì)學(xué)校和博物館的開(kāi)支削減相吻合。）可知，B項(xiàng)“學(xué)校和博物館與私營(yíng)公司合作的意愿”只是市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)的大規(guī)模擴(kuò)張與政府開(kāi)支削減吻合的結(jié)果，并不符合題干；C項(xiàng)“市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷方式缺乏政府監(jiān)管”沒(méi)有提到；D項(xiàng)“營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)占用了公共空間”屬于營(yíng)銷侵略性的特點(diǎn)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

48.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章暗示美國(guó)大多數(shù)合同工……”。根據(jù)第五段最后一句IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.（在美國(guó)，合同勞工催生了所謂的“麥當(dāng)勞工作”，雇主和工人都假裝這些工作是臨時(shí)的，盡管做這些工作通常是設(shè)法養(yǎng)家糊口的人。）可推知，文章暗含的意思就是這些美國(guó)合同工養(yǎng)家糊口可能是有困難的，B項(xiàng)“養(yǎng)家糊口可能有困難”正確；A項(xiàng)“假裝是臨時(shí)工”在文章中明確提及了，并不是暗含的意思；C項(xiàng)“工作條件與海外的低薪工人相當(dāng)”沒(méi)提到；由第五段中的Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovide(anybenefits,suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.（合同工是臨時(shí)雇傭的，按任務(wù)分配，雇主沒(méi)有義務(wù)提供任何福利，如醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)或長(zhǎng)期的工作保障）可知，D項(xiàng)“有可能從他們的雇主那里得到健康福利”錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

49.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“我們從最后一段可以推斷出……”。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句的內(nèi)容Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.（20世紀(jì)80年代，市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)的大規(guī)模擴(kuò)張與政府對(duì)學(xué)校和博物館的開(kāi)支削減相吻合。這使得這些機(jī)構(gòu)非常愿意、甚至迫切地與私營(yíng)企業(yè)合作。）可以推斷，學(xué)校、博物館等這些公共機(jī)構(gòu)急于通過(guò)企業(yè)營(yíng)銷來(lái)削減開(kāi)支，即作為一種資金的來(lái)源，故C項(xiàng)“公共機(jī)構(gòu)太急于接受企業(yè)營(yíng)銷作為一種資金來(lái)源”符合題意；最后一段沒(méi)有提到聯(lián)邦資金，A項(xiàng)“聯(lián)邦資金不足導(dǎo)致學(xué)校和博物館私有化”不正確；B項(xiàng)“政府減少了學(xué)校和博物館與公司合作的開(kāi)支”錯(cuò)誤，并不是政府減少了開(kāi)支，而是市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷；D項(xiàng)“到20世紀(jì)80年代，很少有公共機(jī)構(gòu)不是由公司資助的”錯(cuò)誤，營(yíng)銷公司幫助公共機(jī)構(gòu)的是削減開(kāi)支，并不是資助。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Annusedto（）whenwewenttothesameschool.Butnowsheisalwaysontime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beinglate

B.late

C.belate

D.gettinglate

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)。結(jié)合題干和選項(xiàng)可知本題考查非謂語(yǔ)，而usedto后面要加動(dòng)詞原形表示“過(guò)去常常做某事”，因此A、B、D不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。句意：我們?cè)谕凰鶎W(xué)校時(shí)，安總是遲到。但是現(xiàn)在她總是很準(zhǔn)時(shí)。

9.單選題

Putondarkglassesorthesunwill（

）youandyouwon’tbeabletosee.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discern

B.distort

C.distract

D.dazzle

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近義異詞解析。discern“辨別，看清楚”;distort“扭曲，曲解”；distract“轉(zhuǎn)移，分心”；dazzle“使……目眩，使……眼花”。句子的意思為：戴上太陽(yáng)眼鏡，否則陽(yáng)光很刺眼，會(huì)讓你看不見(jiàn)任何東西。選項(xiàng)D符合題意

10.單選題

Thereissupposedtobeasafety______whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)appliance“器具，器械”，B項(xiàng)accessory“配件，附件”，C項(xiàng)machine“機(jī)械，機(jī)器”，D項(xiàng)mechanism“機(jī)制，原理”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞作which定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)從句的內(nèi)容“使火車不可能相撞”可推斷，空格處填入mechanism“機(jī)制”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：應(yīng)該有一種安全機(jī)制使火車不可能相撞。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

ExplorationoftheSolarSystemiscontinuing,andatthepresentrateofprogressalltheplanets______withinthenext50years.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhavebeencontacted

B.willhavecontacted

C.willbecontacted

D.willcontact

【答案】A

【解析】考查將來(lái)完成時(shí)。句意：對(duì)太陽(yáng)系的探索仍在繼續(xù)，以目前的速度，我們將在未來(lái)50年內(nèi)與所有行星取得聯(lián)系。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，可知這個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)是將來(lái)完成時(shí)，在這里表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，其結(jié)構(gòu)是will（第二、三人稱）+have+過(guò)去分詞（done），A選項(xiàng)willhavebeencontacted符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.寫作題

Whydoyouthinksomepeopleareattractedtodangeroussportsorotherdangerousactivities?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan200words.

【答案】WhyPeopleAreAttractedtoDangerousSports?13.單選題

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodation,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginlineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”

Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.

21.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould________.

22.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare________.

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices________.

24.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered________.

25.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience

B.makefunofthedisorganizedpeople

C.addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople

D.showsympathyforyourlisteners

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.impolitetonewarrivals

B.veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole

C.entitledtosomeprivileges

D.verybusyevenduringlunchhours

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.havebenefitedmanypeople

B.arethefocusofpublicattention

C.areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor

D.haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.inwell-wordedlanguage

B.asawkwardlyaspossible

C.inexaggeratedstatement

D.ascasuallyaspossible

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.UseHumorEffectively

B.VariousKindsofHumor

C.AddHumortoSpeech

D.DifferentHumorStrategies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.（如果你想在你的談話中使用幽默使人們微笑，你必須知道如何識(shí)別共同的經(jīng)歷和問(wèn)題。）和第三句Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.（根據(jù)你的談話對(duì)象，問(wèn)題會(huì)有所不同。），可知幽默最重要的是討論的問(wèn)題，并且針對(duì)不同的人要用不同的問(wèn)題，故C選項(xiàng)“向不同的人提出不同的問(wèn)題”正確。A選項(xiàng)“利用不同類型的觀眾”和D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)聽(tīng)眾表示同情”：根據(jù)第一段第二、三句，幽默必須與聽(tīng)眾相關(guān)，是因?yàn)橛兄谕槁?tīng)眾從而親近聽(tīng)眾，策略在于談?wù)摰膯?wèn)題。B選項(xiàng)“取笑那些沒(méi)有條理的人”：文章沒(méi)有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句theaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors（所有的聽(tīng)眾都對(duì)醫(yī)生有相同的看法）和最后一句“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”（“哦，那是上帝，”他回答說(shuō)，“但有時(shí)他認(rèn)為自己是一名醫(yī)生。”）可知，在護(hù)士眼中，醫(yī)生把自己當(dāng)成神一樣，可以不講道理，故B選項(xiàng)“非常清楚他們神一樣的角色”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)新人無(wú)禮”，C選項(xiàng)“有權(quán)享有某些特權(quán)”和D選項(xiàng)“即使在午餐時(shí)間也很忙”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句it’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfood（你就適合對(duì)餐廳難以下咽的食物開(kāi)玩笑），可知對(duì)公共服務(wù)開(kāi)玩笑往往幽默效果很不錯(cuò)，故D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常拿來(lái)開(kāi)玩笑”正確，C選項(xiàng)“不合適做幽默主題”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“使許多人受益”和B選項(xiàng)“是公眾關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)”：文章沒(méi)有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

24.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural…inarelaxedandunforcedmanner…makingalight-heartedremark（如果你在幽默時(shí)感到尷尬，必須練習(xí)到更自然……用一種輕松和自然的方式……輕松愉快地說(shuō)話），可知幽默需要傳達(dá)出自然和隨意，故D選項(xiàng)“盡可能隨意”正確，B選項(xiàng)“盡可能尷尬”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“良好措辭”：措辭方面沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“陳述夸張”：是方法，不是必要條件，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

25.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile（如果你想在談話間用幽默讓人發(fā)笑），后文通過(guò)原則和各種方法在講如何恰當(dāng)?shù)厥谷税l(fā)笑，故A選項(xiàng)“有效運(yùn)用幽默”正確。B選項(xiàng)“各式的幽默”，C選項(xiàng)“為演講增添幽默”，D選項(xiàng)“不同的幽默策略”是其中的一個(gè)方面或者細(xì)節(jié)，不足以概括全文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Theoldcouplenowstill（

）fortheirbelovedson,30yearsafterhisdeath.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cherish

B.groan

C.immerse

D.mourn

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)cherish“珍惜”；B選項(xiàng)groan“呻吟，抱怨”；C選項(xiàng)imm