書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-克拉瑪依職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

9.

問題1選項

A.Diarrhea.

B.Vomiting.

C.Nausea.

D.Acold.

【答案】C

【解析】M:I’msosickinmystomach!

W:That’stoobad.Haveyoubeentothetoilet?Anydiarrhea[?da???ri?]orvomiting?

M:I’vebeentothetoilettwice.Butnodiarrheaorvomiting.PerhapsIshoulddrinksomething.CanIhaveacupofhottea?

Q:Whatisthemansufferingfrom?

【解析】推斷題。男士說：I’msosickinmystomach（我只是有點反胃），故選C。

2.單選題

Mostforeigntouristsdon’tfindluxurioushotelsveryattractive.Theyprefertheirholidaystobeexotic.

問題1選項

A.inexpensive

B.economical

C.plain

D.unusual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項inexpensive“便宜的”；B選項economical“經(jīng)濟的”；C選項plain“樸素的”；D選項unusual“不同尋常的”。句意：大多數(shù)外國游客不覺得豪華旅館有吸引力。他們喜歡有異國情調(diào)的假期。劃線部分exotic是異國情調(diào)的意思。因此D選項正確。

3.翻譯題

Quittingsmokingismoreofamatterofwillpowerthanofindividualchoice,forsmokingiswidelyrecognizedasaddictive.Althoughcounselingandmedicationcanincreasetheoddsthatasmokerquitspermanently,thebestwaytoavoiddilemmasisnevertotakeupsmokingtobeginwith.

Theirreversibleeffectsofcigarettesmokingvaryinintensityandarerelatedbothtotheamountanddurationofexposureandtheageatwhichthepersonisinitiallyexposed.Thisreportchallengesthenotionthatafewyearsofexposuretosmokingwillhavenolastingharmfulconsequences.Wehopetodiscouragethisprevalentbutvitalhabitandsuggestthattobacco-relatedhealtheffectsdeclinesubstantiallyastimeawayfromsmokingincreases.

【答案】人們普遍認(rèn)為吸煙成癮，與其說戒煙是個人選擇的問題，不如說是意志力的問題。雖然就醫(yī)和藥物治療能增加永久戒煙的概率，但避免進退兩難的最好辦法是一開始就不吸煙。吸煙帶來不可逆的影響程度不同，且與煙癮和煙齡有關(guān)，也與最初接觸煙的年齡有關(guān)。

本報告挑戰(zhàn)的是一種觀點，即幾年的吸煙史不會產(chǎn)生長期的不良后果。我們希望勸說人們不要染上這一常見而致命的習(xí)慣，并指出隨著戒煙時間的增加，煙草對健康產(chǎn)生的影響就會大幅度減少。

4.單選題

Thefutureofthiscompanyis（

）:manyofitstalentedemployeesareflowingintomoreprofitablenet-basedbusinesses.

問題1選項

A.atodds

B.introuble

C.invain

D.atstake

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。atodds“有分歧，爭執(zhí)”；introuble“陷入困境”；invain“徒勞”；atstake“瀕于險境”。句意：這家公司面臨危機：很多有才的員工正流向獲利更高的網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司。選項D符合題意。

5.單選題

Excuseme,butitistimetohaveyourtemperature（

）.

問題1選項

A.take

B.taking

C.totake

D.taken

【答案】D

【解析】句意:打擾一下，該量體溫了。

語法題?？疾橘e語補足語。題干考查“使役動詞have+賓語yourtemperature+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu),此處的賓語temperature和賓語補足語take之間是被動關(guān)系,故使用過去分詞taken。

6.不定項選擇題

ItwouldbereasonabletoassumethattheyearsfollowingtheCivilWarwereatimeofhealingandrebuilding.Andforthemostpart,thatiswhattheywere,albeitaverylongandpainfulone.WhilethehealingoftheriftbetweenNorthandSouthdidmakeprogress,allwasnotpeacefulandthedisharmonywasn’tconfinedtothepoliticalarena.Inliterarycirclestoo,theperiodwascharacterizedbyupheavalandturmoil.AliterarycivilwarofsortswasragingbetweenthecampsoftheRomanticsandRealists.Later,theNaturalistswouldjointhefrayaswell.Thiswasabattlewagedoverthewaysfictionalcharacterswerepresentedinrelationtotheirexternalworld.Thoughtheunrestmighthavebeenbetweenschoolsoffiction,ithadaveryrealbasis.Thebattlereflectedfar-reachingsocialchangethatwasplantingtheseedsofnewdiscord-aconflictthatwouldthreatentofragmentthecountry;thistimenotalonggeographicalborders,butalongclasslines.

Usingplotandcharacterdevelopment,awriterexpressedhisorherphilosophyabouthowmuchcontrolamanreallyhadoverhisowndestiny.RomanticwriterssuchasRalphWaldoEmersoncelebratedwhattheysawastheabilityofthehumanwilltotriumphoveranyadversity.[A]OccupyingthemiddlegroundwereauthorslikeMarkTwain,WilliamDeanHowells,andHenryJames,allofwhomwereinfluencedbytheworksoftheearlyEuropeanRealists.Itwastheirbeliefthatpeoplehadonlyalimitedcapacitytodeterminethedirectiontheirlivestook;thathumanity’sfreedomofchoicewasconstrainedbythepowerofexternalforces.[B]DiametricallyopposedtotheRomanticauthorsweretheNaturalists—thelikesofStephenCraneandFrankNorris,wholineduponthesideofEmileZolaandtheDeterminismmovement.[C]Theirwritingsgavevoicetotheviewthatindividualshavenochoicewhatsoeverinwhathappenstothem.Itwastheirpositionthatthepathofone’slifewasdictatedwhollybyaconspiracybetweenhereditaryfactorsandtheexternalenvironment.[D]

Socio-economicchangeshadaprofoundanddecisiveinfluenceonthisdebate.TheIndustrialRevolutionthattookplaceattheendofthe19thcenturychangedtheUnitedStatesinfundamentalways.Inhugenumbers,peoplemigratedfromruralhomesseekingeconomicopportunitiesinurbanenvironments.Theplentifulsupplyoflabor,combinedwithnewmachineryandprocessesbeingdevelopedmadeconditionsripeforaneconomyfocusedonmanufacturing.Forthefirsttime,therewasanalternativetoagricultureandcommerceasameansoflivelihood.Atthesametime,immigrantsfromallovertheworldflowedacrossthebordersinpursuitofthesameopportunities.Insodoing,theyaddedtotheburgeoninglaborpool,drovedowncostsandhelpedtopushindustrializationforward.Uponarrivinginthecitiesandfindingwork,mostofthesemigrantsfoundthemselvesandtheirfamiliesatthemercyofunscrupulousbusinessmenwhoexploitedthemwithbrutalworkschedulesandcoercedanywhotriedtoresist,orinmanycases,anyonewhotriedtoescape.Intheend,itwasthesesweepingeconomicandsocialchangesandthepessimismtheyengenderedthatswungthebalanceofpowerinfavoroftheRealistsandtheNaturalists.

Muchoftheliteraryproductoftheperiodhadadistinctlyregionalcharacter.Thistoocouldbetracedtoeconomicchanges.TheIndustrialRevolutioncalledforstandardization,themassproductionofgoods,andstreamlinedchannelsofdistribution.Thelifestylechangesthisrationalizationofproductionentailedwereprofoundandpeoplebegantofearthatlocaltraditionswouldfallbythewaysidetrampledinrecklesspursuitofeconomicefficiency.Respondingtothesesentiments,Realistwriterssoughttocaptureandpreservethe“l(fā)ocalcolor”beforeitwaslost.Theydrewuponthegrimrealitiesofeverydaylifeindepictingthebreakdownoftraditionalvaluesandthedeepeningplightofthenewurbanunderclass.ThisfocusontheordinarylivesofordinarypeoplewascharacteristicofAmericanRealism.Readerswereattractedtothestoriesbecausetheyweresomethingwithwhichtheycouldidentify.Americanlifewaschanging,thepacewasquickening,andreadersneededwriterswhodealtdirectlywiththeproblemstheywerefacing.InthegreatliterarystruggletheRomanticwritershadbeenrenderedirrelevant,vanquishedbychangingcircumstances.

6.Whichofthefollowingcouldbestserveasatitleforthepassage?

7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

8.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheessentialmeaningoftheitalicizedsentenceinthepassage?

9.Thephraseameansoflivelihoodinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

10.Inparagraph3,theauthormostlydoeswhichofthefollowing?

11.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatmotivatedRealistauthorstogivetheirworksaregionalflavor?

12.Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingconclusions?

13.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Thiswasanaltogetherpessimisticviewthatleftmantotallyatthemercyofcircumstance.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit(A,B,CorD)?

問題1選項

A.TheEffectsoftheCivilWaronAmericanLiterature.

B.The19thCenturyStrugglebetweentheRealismandRomanticism.

C.RealismandtheIndustrialRevolution.

D.HowRealismPromotedSocialChangein19thCenturyAmerica.

問題2選項

A.TheNaturalists,Realists,andRomanticistshadfundamentallydifferentviewsontherolesmenplayintheirownlives.

B.ThedifferencesbetweenRomanticism,Realism,andNaturalismweremoreinthemeansofexpressionthaninthephilosophiesespoused.

C.Therewereanumberofcrucialdifferencesbetweenthe3contendingschoolsofAmericanliteratureinthelate19thcentury.

D.Whilethereweresignificantdifferences,theNaturalistsandRealistssharedsomecharacteristicsoftheRomanticists.

問題3選項

A.Thepessimismwasfinallysweptawaybyeconomicandsocialreform,andthisallowedabalancetobeformedbetweentheRealistsandtheNaturalists.

B.TheresultingtriumphoftheRealistsandtheNaturalistscanbeattributedtothebroadsocio-economicchangesthattookplaceandthefeelingsofhopelessnesstheygaveriseto.

C.ThevictoryoftheRealistsandtheNaturalistsledtodramaticsocio-economicchangeandincreasingpessimism.

D.Attheendofallthesocialandeconomicchange,theRealistsandNaturalistshadfallenoutoffavorandintodeeppessimism.

問題4選項

A.awaytosupportone’sself

B.awayoflookingatlife

C.awayofchangingone’slife

D.aplacetolive

問題5選項

A.ShowswhysocialcircumstancesfavoredRealismandNaturalism.

B.DescribesthesocialbackgroundthatledtothedominanceofRealismandNaturalism.

C.ShowswhyRomanticliteraturehadoncebeensopopular.

D.ShowswhytheRealistandNaturalistwritershaddifficultyinbeingacceptedatfirst.

問題6選項

A.Thepersonalbackgroundsoftheauthors.

B.Adesiretoprotestthechangesgoingonaroundthem.

C.Concernforthepreservationoftradition.

D.Thelimitedmarketsinwhichtheirworksweredistributed.

問題7選項

A.RealismwasanextensionofNaturalism.

B.RomanticismexperiencedasuddenresurgenceimmediatelyfollowingtheCivilWar.

C.NaturalismandRealismbothretainedpopularityinthelate19thcentury.

D.ReaderstooktoRomanticliteratureasameansofescapingthehardrealitiesoftheirlives.

問題8選項

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:C

第8題:D

【解析】6.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。本文主要討論十九世紀(jì)現(xiàn)實主義和浪漫主義之間的爭議，作者先從兩者的定義開始說明，接著用同一時期的工業(yè)發(fā)展所導(dǎo)致的社會變遷作為類比，最后談到因讀者的情感需求造成現(xiàn)實主義的流行以及浪漫主義的衰微。因此B選項“19世紀(jì)現(xiàn)實主義和浪漫主義之間的斗爭”最適合做文章標(biāo)題。A選項“內(nèi)戰(zhàn)對美國文學(xué)的影響”，本文說的是工業(yè)革命的影響，所以A錯誤。C選項“現(xiàn)實主義和工業(yè)革命”只提到了現(xiàn)實主義一個方面，不能完整概括文章內(nèi)容，所以C錯誤。D選項“現(xiàn)實主義如何促進了19世紀(jì)美國的社會變革”，由原文可知，是工業(yè)革命先導(dǎo)致社會變遷，然后才有了文學(xué)相應(yīng)的變化，所以D錯誤。

7.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由A選項可以定位到文章第二段Romanticwriters…celebratedwhattheysawastheabilityofthehumanwilltotriumphoveranyadversity.（浪漫主義作家歌頌了他們所認(rèn)為的人類意志戰(zhàn)勝任何逆境的能力。），…wereinfluencedbytheworksoftheearlyEuropeanRealists.Itwastheirbeliefthatpeoplehadonlyalimitedcapacitytodeterminethedirectiontheirlivestook;thathumanity’sfreedomofchoicewasconstrainedbythepowerofexternalforces.（他們都受到早期歐洲現(xiàn)實主義作品的影響。他們相信，人們在決定自己生活的方向方面能力有限；人類的選擇自由受到外部力量的限制。），Naturalists…Theirwritingsgavevoicetotheviewthatindividualshavenochoicewhatsoeverinwhathappenstothem.（自然主義者的作品表達了個人在發(fā)生的事情中沒有選擇余地的觀點。），說明浪漫主義者認(rèn)為人類意志足以克服逆境，而現(xiàn)實主義者則認(rèn)為人類選擇的自由受限于外在的力量，但自然主義者的觀點是個人是毫無選擇的，三個學(xué)派的基本信念完全不同。因此A選項“自然主義者、現(xiàn)實主義者和浪漫主義者對人在自己的生活中所扮演的角色有著根本不同的看法”正確。B選項“浪漫主義、現(xiàn)實主義和自然主義之間的差異更多地體現(xiàn)在表達方式上，而不是所擁護的哲學(xué)”表述與原文相反，三個學(xué)派的哲學(xué)各不相同，所以B錯誤。C選項“19世紀(jì)末，美國文學(xué)的三個競爭流派之間存在著很多關(guān)鍵的差異”，由原文可知，事實上差異只有一點，即基本理念的不同，所以C錯誤。D選項“雖然有很大的區(qū)別，但自然主義者、現(xiàn)實主義者與浪漫主義者有一些共同的特點”，原文只說了他們的差異，沒有說共同之處，所以D錯誤。

8.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Intheend,itwasthesesweepingeconomicandsocialchangesandthepessimismtheyengenderedthatswungthebalanceofpowerinfavoroftheRealistsandtheNaturalists.（最終，正是這些全面的經(jīng)濟和社會變革以及由此產(chǎn)生的悲觀主義，改變了權(quán)力的天平，使之有利于現(xiàn)實主義者和自然主義者。），說明橫掃全國的社會和經(jīng)濟的變遷以及它們所造成的悲觀心態(tài)使得平衡力量倒向支持現(xiàn)實主義和自然主義。因此B選項“由此產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)實主義者和自然主義者的勝利可以歸因于所發(fā)生的廣泛的社會經(jīng)濟變化以及它們所引起的無望感”正確。A選項“悲觀主義最終被經(jīng)濟和社會改革所掃除，這使得現(xiàn)實主義者和自然主義者之間形成了一種平衡”，原文說的是經(jīng)濟和社會改革產(chǎn)生了悲觀主義，所以A錯誤。C選項“現(xiàn)實主義者和自然主義者的勝利導(dǎo)致了社會經(jīng)濟的巨大變化和日益嚴(yán)重的悲觀情緒”，因果關(guān)系和原文相反，所以C錯誤。D選項“在所有的社會和經(jīng)濟變革結(jié)束時，現(xiàn)實主義者和自然主義者已經(jīng)失寵，陷入深深的悲觀主義”與原文意思不符，所以D錯誤。

9.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“ameansoflivelihood”可以定位到文章第三段第五句Forthefirsttime,therewasanalternativetoagricultureandcommerceasameansoflivelihood.（有史以來第一次，有了一種替代農(nóng)業(yè)和商業(yè)的謀生手段。），此處的means是“方法”的意思，而livelihood是“生計”的意思，所以ameansoflivelihood的意思是“謀生的方法”。因此A選項“一種養(yǎng)活自己的方法”正確。B選項“一種看待生活的方法”，C選項“一種改變生活的方法”，D選項“一個居住的地方”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯誤。

10.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段，作者在第三段先描述社會的變遷，最后說明巨大的社會和經(jīng)濟的變化使得平衡力量倒向支持現(xiàn)實主義和自然主義。因此B選項“描述了導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)實主義和自然主義占主導(dǎo)地位的社會背景”正確。A選項“說明為什么社會環(huán)境有利于現(xiàn)實主義和自然主義”，C選項“顯示了為什么浪漫主義文學(xué)曾經(jīng)如此受歡迎”，D選項“顯示了為什么現(xiàn)實主義和自然主義作家一開始難以被接受”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯誤。

11.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第四句Thelifestylechangesthisrationalizationofproductionentailedwereprofoundandpeoplebegantofearthatlocaltraditionswouldfallbythewaysidetrampledinrecklesspursuitofeconomicefficiency.（這種生產(chǎn)合理化所帶來的生活方式的變化是深遠(yuǎn)的，人們開始擔(dān)心，在不計后果地追求經(jīng)濟效率的過程中，當(dāng)?shù)氐膫鹘y(tǒng)會被踐踏。），說明工業(yè)革命帶來的巨大變化讓以往對生產(chǎn)制造的認(rèn)知大大改變，生活方式也因此發(fā)生了劇烈的變化，人們開始擔(dān)心傳統(tǒng)價值會受到打擊，所以現(xiàn)實主義者在作品里加入地域特色，表達對傳統(tǒng)的關(guān)心。因此C選項“對保護傳統(tǒng)的關(guān)注”正確。A選項“作者的個人背景”，B選項“對周圍發(fā)生的變化提出抗議的愿望”，D選項“他們的作品發(fā)行的市場有限”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯誤。

12.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。本文開頭介紹了三種不同的文學(xué)流派，然后說明工業(yè)革命所帶來的社會變遷以及普通人生活的困境?，F(xiàn)實主義作者順應(yīng)了讀者的需要，以一般市民的日常生活作為寫作的焦點，讀者找到了認(rèn)同的對象。而在同一時代，浪漫主義的作家則被視為不切實際，因而被時代所淘汰。因此C選項“自然主義和現(xiàn)實主義在19世紀(jì)末都保持了流行”正確。A選項“現(xiàn)實主義是自然主義的延伸”，B選項“浪漫主義在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后立即經(jīng)歷了一次突然的復(fù)蘇”在文中沒有提及，所以A，B錯誤。D選項“讀者把浪漫主義文學(xué)作為逃避現(xiàn)實生活的一種手段”與原文的意思相反，所以D錯誤。

13.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干中的句子Thiswasanaltogetherpessimisticviewthatleftmantotallyatthemercyofcircumstance.（這是一種完全悲觀的觀點，使人完全受環(huán)境的擺布。）是對自然主義者的觀點再一次做出了總結(jié)，D處前文說的是自然主義者的觀點，那么下文應(yīng)該對其進行總結(jié)。因此該句放在D處最合適。

7.單選題

Tohim,NewYorkwasaplace（

）broughtbacktomindpainfulmemories.

問題1選項

A.where

B.inwhich

C.that

D.there

【答案】C

【解析】句意:于他而言，紐約是一個有痛苦記憶的地方。

語法題?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞為Place,在主句中作表語,所以定語從句中關(guān)系詞用that。

8.單選題

Allthe

peopleinthestadiumcheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（）

slowly

intothesky.

問題1選項

A.ascending

B.elevating

C.floating

D.lingering

【答案】A

【解析】ascend可做不及物動詞,指上升；elevate意思相近,但是是及物動詞。float指漂?。籰inger

指逗留。句意：當(dāng)看到幾百只彩球緩緩升上天空時,運動場里所有的人都?xì)g呼起來。選項A正確。

9.單選題

Itisalwaysmyheightthatgivesme（

）.

問題1選項

A.off

B.up

C.away

D.out

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一直以來都是我的身高把我暴露了。

考查短語辨析。giveoff發(fā)出(光)等,長出(枝)等;giveup放棄,交出;giveaway泄露,使露出真面目;giveout分發(fā),公布。根據(jù)題干中的myheight可知C符合句意。

10.單選題

Weneedtomakesurethatwe（）ourresourcesasfullyaspossible.

問題1選項

A.use

B.exploit

C.employ

D.explore

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞詞義辨析。use“使用”；exploit“開發(fā)，開拓”；employ“雇用”；explore“探索，探測”。句意：我們需要確保盡可能全面開發(fā)我們的資源。選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Wehavetakenallthe（）wecanagainstthepaintingbeingstolen.

問題1選項

A.precautions

B.admissions

C.concessions

D.transactions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項precautions“預(yù)防措施”；B選項admissions“許可”；C選項concessions“讓步”；D選項transactions“交易”。句意：我們已采取了一切可能的預(yù)防措施以防那幅畫被盜。本句表示采取預(yù)防措施。因此A選項正確。

12.單選題

Googleisnottheonlysearchutilityintown,butitcomeswithsucha(n)（

）collectionoftoolstofocusyoursearchthatitistheengineofchoiceformanyofus.

問題1選項

A.comparable

B.formidable

C.innumerable

D.compatible

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。comparable“可比較的”；formidable“強大的”；innumerable“無數(shù)的”；compatible“兼容的”。句意：谷歌并非唯一的搜索工具，不過，它有強大的工具集合，使其能夠強化搜索能力，因此谷歌是大多數(shù)人選擇使用的搜索引擎。選項B符合句意。

13.單選題

Inaseminar,everyoneshouldtakepartratherthanallowonepersonto______thediscussion.

問題1選項

A.overwhelm

B.dominate

C.oppress

D.determine

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。overwhelm“淹沒，壓倒”；dominate“控制，支配”；oppress“壓迫，壓抑”；determine“決定；確定”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息everyoneshouldtakepart（每個人都參與）與oneperson（一個人），可知前后是兩者對比，因此選項B符合題意。句意：在研討會上，每個人都應(yīng)該參與討論而不是讓一個人來主導(dǎo)。

14.單選題

TheUniversityinTransformation,editedbyAustralianfuturistsSohailInayatullahandJenniferGidley,presentssome20highlyvariedoutlooksontomorrow’suniversitiesbywritersrepresentingbothWesternandnon-Westernperspectives.Theiressaysraiseabroadrangeofissues,questioningnearlyeverykeyassumptionwehaveabouthighereducationtoday.

ThemostwidelydiscussedalternativetothetraditionalcampusistheInternetUniversity—avoluntarycommunitytoscholarsandteachersphysicallyscatteredthroughoutacountryoraroundtheworldbutalllinkedincyberspace.Acomputerizeduniversitycouldhavemanyadvantages,suchaseasyscheduling,efficientdeliveryoflecturestothousandsorevenmillionsofstudentsatonce,andreadyaccessforstudentseverywheretotheresourcesofalltheworld’sgreatlibraries.

YettheInternetUniversityposesdangers,too.Forexample,alineoffranchisedcourseware，producedbyafewsuperstarteachers，marketedunderthebrandnameofafamousinstitution,andheavilyadvertised,mighteventuallycometodominatetheglobaleducationmarket,warnssociologyprofessorPeterManicasoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoa.Besidesenforcingarigidlystandardizedcurriculum,sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork,noteAustraliancommunicationsprofessorsDavidRooneyandGregHearn.

Ontheotherhand,whileglobalconnectivityseemshighlylikelytoplaysomesignificantroleinfuturehighereducation，thatdoesnotmeangreateruniformityincoursecontent—orotherdangerswillnecessarilyfollow.Counter-movementsarealsoatwork.

Manyinacademia,includingscholarscontributingtothisvolume,arequestioningthefundamentalmissionofuniversityeducation.Whatif,forinstance,insteadofreceivingprimarilytechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcareers,universitystudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearcheffortsonexistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld?FeministscholarIvanaMilojevicdarestodreamwhatauniversitymightbecome“ifwebelievedthatchild-careworkersandteachersinearlychildhoodeducationshouldbeoneofthehighest(ratherthanlowest)paidprofessionals?”

Co-editorJenniferGidleyshowshowtomorrow’suniversityfaculty,insteadofgivinglecturesandconductingindependentresearch,maytakeonthreenewroles.Somewouldactasbrokers,assemblingcustomizeddegree-creditprogrammesforindividualstudentsbymixingandmatchingthebestcourseofferingsavailablefrominstitutionsallaroundtheworld.Asecondgroup,mentors,wouldfunctionmuchliketoday’sfacultyadvisers,butarelikelytobeworkingwithmanymorestudentsoutsidetheirownacademicspecialty.Thiswouldrequirethemtoconstantlybelearningfromtheirstudentsaswellasinstructingthem.

Athirdnewroleforfaculty,andinGidley’sviewthemostchallengingandrewardingofall,wouldbeasmeaning-makers:charismaticsagesandpractitionersleadinggroupsofstudentscolleaguesincollaborativeeffortstofindspiritualaswellasrationalandtechnologicalsolutionstospecificreal-worldproblems.

Moreover,thereseemslittlereasontosupposethatanyoneformofuniversitymustnecessarilydriveoutallotheroptions.Studentsmaybe“enrolled”incoursesofferedatvirtualcampusesontheInternet,between—orevenduring—sessionsatarealworldproblemfocusedinstitution.

Asco-editorSohailInayatullahpointsoutinhisintroduction,nofutureisinevitable,andtheveryactofimaginingandthinkingthroughalternativepossibilitiescandirectlyaffecthowthoughtfully,creativelyandurgentlyevenadominanttechnologyisadaptedandapplied.Eveninacademia,thefuturebelongstothosewhocareenoughtoworktheirvisionsintopractical,sustainablerealities.

1.WhenthebookreviewerdiscussestheInternetUniversity,________.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTseenasapotentialdangeroftheInternetUniversity?

3.Accordingtothereview，whatisthefundamentalmissionoftraditionaluniversityeducation?

4.Judgingfromthethreenewrolesenvisionedfortomorrow’suniversityfaculty,universityteachers_________.

5.Whichcategoryofwritingdoesthereviewbelongto?

問題1選項

A.heisinfavourofit

B.hisviewisbalanced

C.heisslightlycriticalofit

D.heisstronglycriticalofit

問題2選項

A.Internet-basedcoursesmaybelesscostlythantraditionalones.

B.Teachersintraditionalinstitutionsmaylosetheirjobs.

C.Internet-basedcoursewaremaylackvarietyincoursecontent.

D.TheInternetUniversitymayproduceteacherswithalotofpublicity.

問題3選項

A.Knowledgelearningandcareerbuilding.

B.Learninghowtosolveexistingsocialproblems.

C.Researchingintosolutionstocurrentworldproblems.

D.Combiningresearcheffortsofteachersandstudentsinlearning.

問題4選項

A.arerequiredtoconductmoreindependentresearch

B.arerequiredtooffermorecoursestotheirstudents

C.aresupposedtoassumemoredemandingduties

D.aresupposedtosupervisemorestudentsintheirspecialty

問題5選項

A.Narration.

B.Description.

C.Persuasion.

D.Exposition.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“…Acomputerizeduniversitycouldhavemanyadvantages,suchaseasyscheduling…”，可知作者一方面認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)大學(xué)存在很多優(yōu)勢，比如課程安排等等。根據(jù)文章第三段，“YettheInternetUniversityposesdangers…”，作者認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)大學(xué)也有很多隱藏著的危險，所以優(yōu)缺點都有體現(xiàn)。選項B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段,“…marketedunderthebrandnameofafamousinstitution,andheavilyadvertised,mighteventuallycometodominatetheglobaleducationmarket…sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork…”，可知大學(xué)存在的危險包括由幾位明星教師編著的課程大肆宣揚后會主宰教育市場，并且降低實體教育的意義，使教職工失業(yè)等，文中并未提及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)課程的費用問題。選項A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段第二句，“…insteadofreceivingprimarilytechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcareers,universitystudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearcheffortsonexistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld?”，可知大學(xué)的教育的根本使命就是基本的技術(shù)訓(xùn)練和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的職業(yè)技能，選項A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段和第七段，“…Somewouldactasbrokers…Asecondgroup,mentors…Athirdnewroleforfaculty,andinGidley’sviewthemostchallengingandrewardingofall,wouldbeasmeaning-makers..”可知，未來大學(xué)教師的三種角色是經(jīng)紀(jì)人、導(dǎo)師和決策制定者。根據(jù)文章第六段，“…charismaticsagesandpractitionersleadinggroupsofstudentscolleaguesincollaborativeeffortstofindspiritualaswellasrationalandtechnologicalsolutionstospecificreal-worldproblems.”，第三種教師角色是帶領(lǐng)著學(xué)生同事共同尋找解決某些特定現(xiàn)實世界問題的精神的以及合理的和技術(shù)性的方法。所以他們的任務(wù)更加艱巨了。選項C符合題意。

5.考查文體。縱觀全文，第一段進行了導(dǎo)入，簡短地介紹了《轉(zhuǎn)型中的大學(xué)》這個本書，接下來第二段和第三段分別闡述了網(wǎng)絡(luò)大學(xué)的優(yōu)點和缺點，緊接著闡述了網(wǎng)絡(luò)大學(xué)可能給未來帶來的影響，以及教師們的角色的變化等等，所以本文對網(wǎng)絡(luò)大學(xué)進行了一系列的說明和闡述，為說明文，選項D符合題意。

15.翻譯題

刺繡(Embroidery),又稱絲繡，是中國優(yōu)秀的民族傳統(tǒng)工藝之一，有3000年以上的歷史。中國是世界上發(fā)現(xiàn)與使用蠶絲最早的國家，其刺繡工藝幾乎遍及全國。由于刺繡主題和產(chǎn)地的不同，刺繡工藝品作為一種商品形成了各自的特色。蘇州的蘇繡、湖南的湘繡、四川的蜀繡和廣東的粵繡被譽為中國的四大名繡。這些刺繡既是很好的家居實用品，也是漂亮的裝飾品。

【答案】Embroidery,alsocalledsilkembroidery,isoneofthebestnationaltraditionalcraftsinChina.Ithasahistoryofover3000years.Chinaistheearliestcountryintheworldwhichdiscoverandmakeuseofsilk,anditsembroiderycraftsalmostspreadalloverthecountry.Becauseofthedifferentembroiderythemesandplacesofproduction,embroideryhandicrafts,asacommodity,formtheirownfeatures.SuEmbroideryinSuzhou,XiangEmbroideryinHu’nan,ShuEmbroideryinSichuanandYueEmbroideryinGuangdongareknownasfourbigfamousembroideriesinChina.Theseembroideriesarebothgoodhouseholdobjectsandbeautifuldecorations.

16.寫作題

InthecourseoftheScientificRevolution,attentionwaspaidtotheproblemofestablishingthepropermeanstoexamineandunderstandthephysicalrealm.Thiscreationofascientificmethodwascrucialtotheevolutionofscienceinthemodernworld.Curiouslyenough,itwasanEnglishmanwithfewscientificcredentialswhoattemptedtoputforthanewmethodofacquiringknowledgethatmadeanimpactonEnglishscientistsintheseventeenthcenturyandotherEuropeanscientistsintheeighteenthcentury.FrancisBacon(1561-1626),alawyerandlordchancellor,rejectedCopemicusandKepletandmisunderstoodGalileo.AndyetinhisunfinishedworkTheGreatInstonararion(TheGreatRestoration),hecalledforhiscontemporaries"tocommenceatotalreconstructionofsciences,arts,andallhumanknowledge,raisedupontheproperfoundations."Bacondidnotdoubthumans’abilitytoknowthenaturalworld,buthebelievedthattheyhadproceededincorrectly"Theentirefabricofhumanreasonwhichweemployintheinquisitionofnatureisbadlyputtogetherandbuiltup,andlikesomemagnificentstructurewithoutfoundation."

Bacon’snewfoundation—acorrectscientificmethod—wastobebuiltoninductiveprinciples.Ratherthanbeginningwithassumedfirstprinciplesfromwhichlogicalconclusionscouldbededuced,heurgedscientiststoproceedfromtheparticulartothegeneral.Fromcarefullyorganizedexperimentsandsystematic,thoroughobservations,correctgeneralizationscouldbedeveloped.Baconwasclearaboutwhathebelievedhismethodcouldaccomplish.Hisconcernwasmoreforpracticalthanforpurescience.Hestatedthat"thetrueandlawfulgoalofthesciencesisnoneotherthanthis:thathumanlifebeendowedwithnewdiscoveriesandpower."Hewantedsciencetocontributetothe"mechanicalarts"bycreatingdevicesthatwouldbenefitindustry,agriculture,andtrade.Baconwaspropheticwhenhesaidthat"Iamlaboringtolaythefoundation,notofanysectordoctrine,butofhumanutilityandpower."Andhowwouldthis"humanpower"beused?To"conquernatureinaction"Thecontrolanddominationofnaturebecameacentralpropositionofmodernscienceandthetechnologythataccompaniedit.Onlyinthetwentiethcenturydidsomescientistsaskwhetherthisassumptionmightnotheattheheartofthemodern

ecologicalcrisis.

【答案】InthecourseoftheScientificRevolution,attentionwaspaidtotheproblemofestablishingthepropermeanstoexamineandunderstandthephysicalrealm.Thiscreationofascientificmethodwascrucialtotheevolutionofscienceinthemodernworld.

Bacon’snewfoundation—acorrectscientificmethod—wastobebuiltoninductiveprinciples.Ratherthanbeginningwithassumedfirstprinciplesfromwhichlogicalconclusionscouldbededuced,heurgedscientiststoproceedfromtheparticulartothegeneral.Fromcarefullyorganizedexperimentsandsystematic,thoroughobservations,correctgeneralizationscouldbedeveloped.Baconwasclearaboutwhathebelievedhismethodcouldaccomplish.

17.單選題

Someplantscontainsubstancesthatinterferewiththedigestiveprocessesofanimals.

問題1選項

A.disrupt

B.encourage

C.augment

D.trigger

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。interferewith表示“干涉，妨礙”；A項disrupt“破壞，瓦解”，B項encourage“鼓勵”，C項argument“爭論”，D項trigger“引發(fā)，觸發(fā)”。句意：有些植物含有干擾動物消化過程的物質(zhì)。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

18.單選題

Hisfacegavehim______whenhetoldalie.

問題1選項

A.off

B.up

C.away

D.out

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項off“離開，脫掉”，giveoff表示“發(fā)出（光等），長出（枝、杈等）”；B項up“向上，上漲”，giveup表示“放棄”；C項away“離去，離開”，giveaway表示“贈送，喪失，泄露”；D項out“向外，室外”，giveout表示“分發(fā)，發(fā)出”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞hisface“他的面部”和whenhetoldalie“