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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州交通大學博文學院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentinthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyontheteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetuneneededtokeeponwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“l(fā)ost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearch,buttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofess,anditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreatteacher.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

1.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause().

3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

4.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewho,firstandforemost,do().

5.Thephrase“theproblem”(Paragraph5)refersto().

問題1選項

A.Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

B.Teachingandresearcharecontradictorytoeachother.

C.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.

D.Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.

問題2選項

A.researchimprovesthequalityofteaching

B.studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

C.itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively

D.professorwithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough

問題3選項

A.Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.

B.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.

C.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.

D.Therapiddevelopmentsofmodernsciencemakeitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.

問題4選項

A.teaching

B.fieldwork

C.scientificresearch

D.investigation

問題5選項

A.raisingthestatusofteaching

B.thecombinationofteachingwithresearch

C.theseparationsofteachingformresearch

D.improvingthestatusofresearch

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。A:高估教學的重要性是錯誤的。B:教學和研究互相抵觸。C:不應該過于強調(diào)研究的重要性。D:不應該簡化教學和研究之間的關系。第一段講述二者之間的關系更為復雜和重要,而并沒有討論二者孰輕孰重。因此A跟C項錯誤。第一句指出:Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized(最近報紙和雜志上的報道表明,教學和研究是相互矛盾的,研究在學術提升中的作用過于突出,教學被嚴重低估)。因此B項不正確。最后一句指出:Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships(這些話都有一定道理,但它們卻也忽視了教學與研究二者間更深層、更重要的聯(lián)系)。由此可知D項正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。A:研究能提高教學質(zhì)量。B:樂于挑戰(zhàn)的學生欣賞研究型的教授。C:很難客觀地評定教學質(zhì)量。D:在研究方面有成就的教授通常是有責任心的和吃苦耐勞的。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Inacademicpromotions定位至第三段。文章確實認為,教學和研宂是互相促進的,但并不是在學術提升方面,研究型大學仍然重視研究的原因。因此A項錯誤。第三句指出:Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive(一個有高度責任感且嚴厲的教授通常會受到那些想要挑戰(zhàn)的優(yōu)秀學生的贊賞,但是那些成績不那么令人印象深刻的學生卻不喜歡他),由此可知B項以及D項都不是重視研究的原因。第一句以及第二句指出:Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisfussilygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching(大多數(shù)研究型大學獎勵優(yōu)秀的教學,但最高的榮譽一般都給予那些研究上有突出成就的教授了。部分原因在于對教學評定的困難)。由此可知C項正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。A:研究型大學里著名的教授應該只專注于研究,此選項過于片面。B:將教學與研究分離會降低未來科學家的質(zhì)量。第四段第二、三句指出:Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“l(fā)ost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels(培養(yǎng)新科學家需要在研究型大學和藝術學院有出色的教學。雖然科學家通常是在小學里“造”出來的,但在大學和研究生院的水平上,糟糕的教學可能會讓科學家流失),因此B項正確。C:為了培養(yǎng)新科學家,提高小學的教學至關重要。此選項過度推斷了第三句。D:現(xiàn)代科技的快速發(fā)展使得教學和研究不可能結合。第四句指出:Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearch,buttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital(解決的辦法不是把教學和研究分開,而是認識到兩者的結合是困難而重要的)。由此可知D項錯誤。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Thetitleofprofessor可定位至第四段:Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofess,anditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators’,orsomethingelse(教授的頭銜應該只授予那些從事教授工作的人,也許現(xiàn)在是大學為那些愿意成為學者群體中認真一員的人保留這個頭銜的時候了。不愿意教書的教授可以被稱為“杰出的研究人員”,或者別的稱呼)。由此可知A項“教學”正確。

第5題:詞義題。第五段最后一句指出:Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities(那些說我們可以把教學和研究分開的人根本不了解這個體系,但是那些說這個問題會消失的人并沒有履行他們的職責)。由此可知,theproblem是指“將教學與研究分離”。

2.單選題

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat()wehadtostopforrefreshments.

問題1選項

A.atlarge

B.atease

C.atrandom

D.atintervals

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。atlarge“詳盡的;整個的”;atease“安逸”;atrandom“任意的”;atintervals“不時”,根據(jù)句子意思可知此處應該選一個詞組來形容我們停下來提神的頻率,四個選項中只有atintervals符合,故正確答案為選項D。句意:這場討論無比冗長又使人疲累,以至于我們必須……的停下來提神。因此選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

Whentheenginedidnotstart,themechanicinspectedallthepartstofindwhatwasat(

).

問題1選項

A.wrong

B.trouble

C.fault

D.difficulty

【答案】C

【解析】atfault為固定搭配,意為“出毛病,有故障”。句意:當發(fā)動機不啟動時,機修工檢查了所有的部件以找出故障所在。選項C符合句意。

4.單選題

Chinesepoemshavemorerestrictionswiththepatternsof

attheendofeachlinethanEnglishpoems.

問題1選項

A.rhythm

B.rhyme

C.sounds

D.melody

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。rhythm“節(jié)奏,韻律”;rhyme“韻腳;押韻詞”;sound“聲音”;melody“旋律,歌曲”。句意:與英語詩歌相比,中文詩歌在句尾的押韻上更為嚴格。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

(),heremainsverymodest.

問題1選項

A.Thoughhiscontributions

B.Hemadegreatcontributions

C.Forallhisgreatcontributions

D.Howeverhisgreatcontributions

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識。Though與however為連詞,后面要接句子,不能接名詞,所以選項A和D排除;選項B是一個完整的句子,空格后面也是一個完整的句子,中間沒有任何連詞,所以選項B排除。選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

Theresearchsuggestsawaveofpossibleprotectionismin2010assuchinvestigationsleadtothe(

)ofanti-dumpingpenalties.

問題1選項

A.disposition

B.distribution

C.imposition

D.allocation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。disposition“處置;傾向”;distribution“分布;分配”;imposition“征收;強加”;allocation“分配”。句意:研究表明,此類調(diào)查會導致一系列反傾銷懲罰措施出臺,在2010年可能會掀起一股保護主義熱潮。只有C項能與anti-dumpingpenalties搭配。

7.單選題

Notalldecisionsarealike.(1)iseverydecisionmadeinthesamemanner.Althoughsomeactionsyouundertake(2)theirbasisfromnewlymadedecisions,thereareotherinstances(3)decision-makingdoesnotreallytakeplace.Thelatter,accordingtoDeaconandFirebaugh,mayinvolveroutine,programmed,impulsiveorintuitiveaction.Whenyouwakeupinthemorningandpreparetoattendclass,doyouconsciouslymakedecisionsabout(4)thingsaswhich,sideofyourhairtocombfirst,howtobrushyourteeth,orwhichshoeto(5)first?Probably(6).Althoughyoumayhavemadeaconsciousdecisionaboutwhatyouweregoingtoweartoclass,youprobably(7)anytimeinmakingadecisionabouthowtogetreadytoattendclass.Everyindividualhascertainhabitsorroutinebehaviors.Althoughtheyoriginatedfromdecisionsmade(8)inyourlife,younolongerconsciouslymakethesedecisionseachtimeyouundertakethistypeofaction.Routineplansoractionsserveausefulpurposeinyourdailylifeandmanagement.Howlongwouldittakeyoutogetup,getready,andwalktoclassifyouhadtomakeseparatedecisionsforeachactionyoutake?Youuseroutineplansoractionsasresourcetomake(9)decisions.

Inadditiontothehabitualbehaviorsorroutinesyoufollow,youalsohavecertainspecificactionsyouundertakeina(10)situations.Thesearecalledprogrammeddecisions.Programmeddecisionsaredifferentfromroutines.Routineplansoractionsarepatternsofbehavioralactionsrepeatedlyundertakenonaconsistentandregularbasis.Programmeddecisions,(11),utilizeyourpastexperienceinasimilarsituationForinstance,youknowyouaregoingtohaveatest.Yourmethodofstudyingforthistestwillbedone(12)yourknowledgeofasimilarexperience.Thedegreeofsuccess(13)achievedwillbeadeterminantinhow,when,where,andthelengthoftimeyoustudyforthistest.

Programmeddecisions,likeroutines,area(n)(14)inyourmanagement.Whentheactionundertakenproves.tobesuccessfulyourepeatthesameactionthenexttimeasimilarsituationoccurs.Thesuccessfulachievement,(15)thesatisfactionyoureceived,determineswhenandtheextenttowhichyoumodifytheoriginaldecision(16)employingitagainin(17)situations.

Bothroutineand(18)decisionsserveusefulpurposes.Theyactasresourcesby(19)theneedtomakenewdecisions.Theyalsoevaluatemanagerialactions.Thesuccessyouachieveenablesyoutobypassor(20)theuseofthedecision-makingprocess.

問題1選項

A.Not

B.No

C.Nor

D.Never

問題2選項

A.toderive

B.derive

C.deriving

D.derived

問題3選項

A.when

B.that

C.which

D.Where

問題4選項

A.some

B.thesame

C.somany

D.such

問題5選項

A.putdown

B.puton

C.putoff

D.putup

問題6選項

A.yes

B.not

C.ok

D.no

問題7選項

A.didn'tspend

B.wouldn'tspend

C.won'tspend

D.hadn'tspent

問題8選項

A.atthefighttime

B.atanearlytime

C.atanearliertime

D.attheearliesttime

問題9選項

A.similar

B.old

C.new

D.separate

問題10選項

A.different

B.regular

C.routine

D.given

問題11選項

A.moreover

B.therefore

C.however

D.ontheotherhand

問題12選項

A.using

B.havingused

C.touse

D.tohaveused

問題13選項

A.lately

B.previously

C.recently

D.currently

問題14選項

A.resource

B.determinant

C.experience

D.achievement

問題15選項

A.repeatedby

B.provedby

C.measuredby

D.metby

問題16選項

A.until

B.before

C.after

D.since

問題17選項

A.anyother

B.allother

C.theother

D.otherlike

問題18選項

A.habitual

B.impulsive

C.programmed

D.conscious

問題19選項

A.eliminating

B.satisfying

C.increasing

D.reducing

問題20選項

A.minimize

B.maximize

C.make

D.employ

【答案】第1題:

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:D

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:A

【解析】(1)語法和搭配。Nor的倒裝結構,表“…..也不”,句意:所有的決定都不相同,每個做決定的方式也不相同。選項C符合題意。

(2)固定搭配。根據(jù)句子結構,可知空格為謂語動詞,選項A和C可排除。整篇文章的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),所以選用動詞原形derive,derive…from“源自”。選項B符合題意。

(3)語法題。根據(jù)題意,可知空格中需要填入一個關系詞,引導定語從句,修飾先行詞instances“舉例”,選項when關系副詞在從句中作狀語,表示“當……的時候”。選項A符合題意。

(4)固定搭配。such…as“例如,諸如”,表示舉例子。選項D符合題意。

(5)詞組辨析。putdown“記下,鎮(zhèn)壓”;puton“穿上”;putoff“延期”;putup“舉起,張貼”。句意:首先穿那只鞋?選項B符合題意。

(6)上下文語義理解。根據(jù)前面一句“doyouconsciouslymakedecisions…”,可知前面一句是一般疑問句,根據(jù)文意,應該為否定回答,所以選用not,選項B符合題意。

(7)上下文語義理解和邏輯關系。前一句為讓步狀語從句,意為:盡管你可能已經(jīng)有意識地決定了要穿什么去上課,可知后一句意思為:你可能不會花時間做決定。前后兩句形成讓步關系。并且整個句子談論的是過去的事情,選項A符合題意。

(8)上下文語義理解。根據(jù)文意:每個人都會有一些習慣和日常行為,盡管這些行為習慣來源于生活中更早的一些決定。選項C符合題意。

(9)上下文語義理解。上文提到了常規(guī)習慣對以后生活的帶來影響,根據(jù)文意:你可以使用日常計劃或行動作為來源去做出新的決定。選項C符合題意。

(10)上下文語義理解。根據(jù)上文“Inadditiontothehabitualbehaviorsorroutinesyoufollow”,可知除了你所遵循的習慣行為或慣例,你也要在具體的情況下采取特殊的行動。specificactions和specificsituations形成對應關系。選項D符合題意。

(11)邏輯關系。上文提到了程序化決策不同于常規(guī)決策,空格后提到了在類似的情況下利用你過去的經(jīng)驗,前后形成了對比關系。所以用搭配ontheotherhand,表示“另一方面”。選項D符合題意。

(12)語法題。根據(jù)上文“Yourmethodofstudyingforthistestwillbedone”,可知空格前句子完整,空格為狀語成分,并且表伴隨,所以選用-ing分詞作伴隨狀語,選項A符合題意。

(13)上下文語義理解。lately“近來,不久前”;previously“以前,預先”;recently“最近”;currently“當前”。句意:以前取得的成功程度將決定你如何、何時、何地、以及為這次考試學習的時間長短。選項B符合題意。

(14)上下文語義理解。resource“資源,來源”;determinant“決定因素”;experience“經(jīng)驗,經(jīng)歷”;achievement“成就”。句意:程序化的決策,就像常規(guī)決定一樣,是你管理中一種資源。選項A符合題意。

(15)上下文語義理解。repeat“重復”;prove“證明”;measure“測量”;meet“遇見”。句意:成功的成就,用你得到的滿足感來衡量。選項C符合題意。

(16)上下文語義理解。until“直到”;before“在之前”;after“在之后”;since“自從”。句意:成功的成就,由你所獲得的滿足感來衡量,決定了你在什么時候以及在多大程度上,在其用于其他類似的情況之前,修改了最初的決定。所以選用before“在之前”。選項B符合題意。

(17)下文語義理解題。anyother“其他的”;allother“所有其他”;theother“兩者中的另一個”。句意:成功的成就,由你所獲得的滿足感來衡量,決定了你在什么時候以及在多大程度上,在其用于其他類似的情況之前,修改了最初的決定。所以意思為“其他類似的”,選用“otherlike”,選項D符合題意。

(18)上下文語義理解和語法。habitual“習慣的,習以為常的”;impulsive“沖動的,任性的”;programmed“程序化的”;conscious“意識到的,神志清晰的”。句意:常規(guī)決策和程序化決策都有其有用的目的。根據(jù)語法,both前后的成分保持并列,具有同一性質(zhì)。上文也提及了程序化決策。選項C符合題意。

(19)上下文語義理解。eliminate“消除,排除”;satisfy“使?jié)M意”;increase“增加”;reduce“減少”。句意:它們作為一種資源,消除了做出新決定的需要。選項A符合題意。

(20)上下文語義理解。minimize“最小化”;maximize“最大化”;make“制作,使”;employ“采用,雇用”。句意:您所取得的成功使您能夠繞過或將決策過程實現(xiàn)最小化。

8.翻譯題

Ihavealwaysdislikedbeingaman.1.ThewholeideaofmanhoodinAmericaispitiful,inmyopinion.Eventheexpression“Beaman!”strikesmeasinsultingandabusive.Itmeans:Bestupid,beunfeeling,obedient,soldierlyandstopthinking.Manmeans“manly”—howcanonethinkaboutmenwithoutconsideringtheterribleambitionofmanliness?Andyetitispartofeveryman’slife.Itisahideousandcripplinglie;itnotonlyinsistsondifferenceandconnivesatsuperiority,itisalsobyitsverynaturedestructive—emotionallydamagingandsociallyharmful.

Itisveryhardtoimagineanyconceptofmanlinessthatdoesnotbelittlewomen,anditbeginsveryearly.AtanagewhenIwantedtomeetgirls—let’ssaythetreacherousyearsofthirteentosixteen—Iwastoldtotakeupasport,getmorefreshair,andIwasurgednottoreadsomuch.Ifyouaskedtoomanyquestionsaboutsexyouweresenttocamp—aboy’scamp,ofcourse:thenightmare.Nothingismoreunnaturalorprison-likethanaboy’scamp.

2.ItoughttobeclearbynowthatIhavesomethingofanobjectiontothewayweturnboysintomen.ItdoesnotsurprisemethatwhenthePresidentoftheUnitedStateshashiscustomaryweekendoffhedresseslikeacowboy—itisbothameasureofhisinsecurityandhiswillingnesstoplease.Inmanyways,AmericanculturedoeslittlemoreforamanthanpreparehimformodelingclothesintheL.L.Beancatalogue.

Therewasafearthatwritingwasnotamanlyprofession-indeed,notaprofessionatall.TheparadoxinAmericanlettersisthatithasalwaysbeeneasierforawomantowriteandforamantobepublished.3.Writingisonlymanlywhenitproduceswealth—moneyismasculinity.Soisdrinking,particularlytheabilitytodrinkanothermanunderthetable.AmaninAmericahastokilllions,huntducks,andcarryenoughknivesandgunsonhisshoulders,toprovethatheisjustasmuchamonsterasthenextman.Everythinginstereotypedmanlinessgoesagainstthelifeofthemind.

4.Therewouldbenopointinsayinganyofthisifitwerenotgenerallyacceptedthattobeamanissomehow—evennowinfeminist-influencedAmerica—aprivilege.Itisonthecontraryanunmercifulandpunishingburden.Beingamanisbadenough;beingmanlyisappalling.Itisthesinistersillinessofmen’sfashions,andaclubbyattitudeinthearts.Itisthesubversionofgoodstudents.Itistheso-called“DressCode”oftheRitz-CarltonHotelinBoston,anditistheinstitutionalizedcheatingincollegesports.Itisthemostprimitiveinsecurity.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】1.在我看來,美國的整個男子漢思想是很可憐的。就連“做個男子漢!”這樣的表達也讓我覺得是一種侮辱和謾罵。它意味著愚蠢、冷酷、順從、像士兵一樣魯莽,還指不愿意思考。男人意味著“有男子氣概”——人們在思考男人的時候怎么能不考慮男子氣概的可怕野心呢?

2.我有點反對我們把男孩變成男人的方式。到目前為止,這一點應該十分清楚。我絲毫不感到奇怪,美國總統(tǒng)在周末例行休假的時候,把自己打扮成牛仔——這既說明他沒有安全感又說明他想討好別人。

3.寫作只有在產(chǎn)生財富時才有男人味。有錢才有男人味。酗酒也意味著男人味,讓另一個男人喝趴下的能力尤其如此。美國男人必須捕殺獅子、獵取野鴨、肩上扛滿刀槍,以證明他像別的男人一樣殘忍??贪逵∠笾心腥藲飧诺囊磺卸疾焕谛闹巧?。

4.即便是在受女權主義影響的美國,做男人也是一種特權。如果不是由于這種觀念被世人廣為認同,那談上述情況就毫無意義了。相反,做男人是一個過重的、帶有懲罰性質(zhì)的負擔。身為男人糟糕透頂,有男子氣概則讓人心驚膽戰(zhàn)。

9.單選題

The(

)onthisapartmentexpiresinayear’stime.

問題1選項

A.treaty

B.engagement

C.lease

D.subsidy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。treaty“條約”;engagement“約會;婚約”;lease“租約”;subsidy“津貼”。句意:這個公寓的租期一年后到期。選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

PartofthemotivationforexploringtheKuiperBeltwastherecognitionofjusthowlittleweknowaboutthiscold,darkregionatthefringeofoursolarsystem.

問題1選項

A.core

B.edge

C.vision

D.formation

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.core(物體的)中心部分B.edge邊,邊緣

C.vision視力,視野D.formation組成,形成

【答案】B

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】fringe的意思為“(地區(qū)或群體的)邊緣”,這里指的是對太陽系的邊緣了解不多,edge與之詞義相近,因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】探索柯伊伯帶的部分動機是意識到我們對太陽系邊緣這片寒冷、黑暗的區(qū)域知之甚少。

11.單選題

Theteacher()theirexercises.

問題1選項

A.madethestudentsdo

B.makethestudentsdoing

C.havemakethestudentsdo

D.makethestudentsdone

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞用法辨析。A選項madethestudentsdo“讓學生做”;B選項makethestudentsdoing;C選項havemakethestudentsdo;D選項makethestudentsdone。句意:老師……他們的鍛煉。根據(jù)句意make的用法為makesth.do,得知A選項正確。

12.單選題

Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey(

)toviolenceinordertoescape.

問題1選項

A.proceed

B.appeal

C.resort

D.incline

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。proceed“開始”;appeal“呼吁,請求”;resort“訴諸”;incline“傾向”。句意:通常,動物只有在他們受困想要逃跑的情況下才會采取攻擊行為。選項C符合題意。

13.翻譯題

AsFordMotor’sboardofdirectorsgatheredtoholditsquarterlymeetingThursday,speculationwasgrowingthattheworld’sNO.2automakerwaspreparedtoacquiretheautomotiveoperationsofSweden’sVolvo.1.MergerspeculationthathasbeenwidespreadthroughouttheindustryformonthshasfocusedonapossibleVolvo-FordlinkupsinceareportlastweekthatVolvohadhiredaWallStreetinvestmentbanktoexploreapossiblesale.

Ford’sboardmeetingwastobeheldinDearborn,theDetroitsuburbwhereFordisheadquartered.ChiefspokesmanVaughnKoshkariandeclinedtocommentontheagendaortheVolvorumors.PresidentJacNasser,speakingatanindustryconferenceTuesdaynight,alsodeclinedtosaywhereFordwasnegotiatingwithVolvo.ButNasseragainsaidFordwasopentousingitsmorethan$20billioncashreservetoexpandthecompany’sglobalreach.

2.Lastyear’sacquisitionofChryslerbyDaimler-Benzledtoaflurryoftalksamongautomakerslookingtostrengthentheirpositioninanindustrybesetwithtoomuchproductioncapacityworldwide.Theconventionalwisdomisthatsmallerautomakerswillbeill-equippedtocompeteinthe21stcenturyastheindustrybecomesdominatedbyseveralinternationalautomakers.

Volvo,oneoftheworld’ssmallerautomakers,produceslessthan500,000vehiclesannually.Lastyearitsold100,227carsintheUnitedStates,oneofitslargestmarkets.3.Fordreportedlyhasbeencourtingdebt-ladenNissanMotoraswell,andturneddownanofferlastmonthfora20%shareintheJapaneseautomaker.FordalsolostinbiddinglatelastyearforfinanciallytroubledKiaMotorsofKorea.

4.AnalystssayFordandVolvoareabetterfit.“TheVolvothingismorepracticalthananythingelse,”saidanalystDavidHealyofBurnhamSecurities.“Ford,whichisbecominggoodatcost-effectivelydevelopingavarietyofverydifferentcarswiththesamebasicchassisandmajorparts,couldhelpVolvoexpanditsproductline,”Girskysaid.5.“IfyoucouldbringoutsmallercarsundertheVolvebrand,youcouldcommandapremiumprice,”hesaid,“FordhassimilarlyexpandedJaguar’svehiclelinesinceitboughttheBritishLuxuryautomakerin1989.”

【答案】1.幾個月來業(yè)內(nèi)一直存在關于公司合并的猜測,自從上周有報道稱,沃爾沃(Volvo)聘請了華爾街一家投資銀行來探討出售沃爾沃的可能性以來,這種猜測集中在沃爾沃可能與福特(Ford)合并。

2.去年戴姆勒-奔馳(Daimler-Benz)收購克萊斯勒(Chrysler)的事件,引發(fā)了汽車制造商之間的一連串的談判,這些制造商希望加強自己在這個全球產(chǎn)能過剩的行業(yè)中的地位。

3.據(jù)報道,福特也一直在向負債累累的日產(chǎn)汽車(NissanMotor)示好,并且上個月拒絕了收購這家日本汽車公司20%股份的要約。

4.分析人士表示福特跟沃爾沃更合適。伯納姆證券公司的分析師DavidHealy說“跟沃爾沃的這件事比其他任何事情都更實際?!?/p>

5.“如果你(福特)能推出沃爾沃品牌下的小型車,你就能獲得更高的價格,”他說,“福特1989年收購了英國豪華汽車制造商捷豹(Jaguar)后,同樣也擴大了捷豹的產(chǎn)品線?!?/p>

14.單選題

Becausemanyofthemineralsfoundontheoceanfloorarestill(

)onland,whereminingisrelativelyinexpensive,miningtheoceanfloorhasyettobecomea(

)enterprise.

問題1選項

A.scarce;common

B.accessible;marginal

C.unidentified;subsidized

D.plentiful;profitable

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。先看第一個空白處的選項,scarce“缺乏的,罕見的”;accessible“可到達的,可接近的,易懂的”,這個詞的用法比較靈活;unidentified“不能辨認的,無法識別的”;plentiful“大量的,充足的”,根據(jù)題目前面部分中的關鍵詞still和整個句意‘由于海底發(fā)現(xiàn)的許多礦物在陸地上仍然大量存在,且陸地上開采又相對廉價,因此,對海底開采還有待于變成一種有利可圖的事業(yè)’推斷出第一個空可以填plentiful或者accessible。再看填入第二個空白處的選項,common“普通的,常見的”;marginal“邊緣的,末端的”;subsidized“補貼的,補助的”;profitable“有利的,贏利的”,根據(jù)題目后部分形容陸地上開采的relativelyinexpensive和關鍵詞yet可以推斷出第二個空應該填profitable,故答案選項為D。

15.單選題

Inanageofperpetualdigitalconnectedness,whydopeopleseemsodisconnected?InaDukeUniversitystudy,researchersfoundthatfrom1985to2004,thepercentageofpeoplewhosaidtherewasnoonewithwhomtheydiscussedimportantmatterstripled,to25%;thesamestudyfoundthatoverall,Americanshadone-thirdfewerfriendsandconfidantsthantheydiddecadesago.

Anotherrecentstudy,byresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,foundthatcollegestudentstodayhavesignificantlylessempathythanstudentsofgenerationspastdid.Thereason,psychologistsspeculate,mayhavesomethingtodowithourincreasingrelianceondigitalcommunicationandotherformsofnewmedia.

It’spossiblethatinsteadoffosteringrealfriendshipsoff-line,e-mailandsocialnetworkingmaytaketheplaceofthem—andthedistanceinherentinscreen-onlyinteractionsmaybreedfeelingsofisolationoratendencytocarelessaboutotherpeople.Afterall,ifyoudon’tfeellikedealingwithafriend’sproblemonline,allyouhavetodoistologoff.

Theproblemis,asempathywanes,sodoestrust.Andwithouttrust,youcan’thaveacohesivesociety.Considerthefindingsofanewstudyco-authoredbyKevinRockmannofGeorgeMasonUniversityandGregoryNorthcraftattheUniversityofIllinoiswhospecializesinworkplacecollaboration.Northcraftsayshigh-techcommunicationslikee-mailand(toalesserextent)videoconferencing—whicharesometimesknownas“l(fā)eancommunication”becausetheyhavefewercueslikeeyecontactandpostureforpeopletorelyon—stripawaythepersonalinteractionneededtobreedtrust.Inabusinesssetting—asinallothersocialrelationshipsoutsidetheworkplace—trustisanecessaryconditionforeffectivecooperationwithinagroup.“Technologyhasmadeusmuchmoreefficientbutmuchlesseffective,”saidNorthcraftinastatement.“Somethingisbeinggained,butsomethingisbeinglost.Thesomethinggainedistime,andthesomethinglostisthequalityofrelationships.Andqualityofrelationshipsmatters.”

InRockmannandNorthcraft’sstudy,200studentsweredividedintoteamsandaskedtomanagetwocomplicatedprojects:onehavingtodowithnucleardisarmament;theother,pricefixing.Somegroupscommunicatedviae-mail,someviavideo-conferenceandothersfacetoface.Intheend,thosewhometinpersonshowedthemosttrustandmosteffectivecooperation;thoseusinge-mailweretheleastabletoworktogetherandgetthejobdone.

Northcraftthinksthisisbecausereal-lifemeetings,duringwhichparticipantscanseehowengagedtheircolleaguesare,breedmoretrust.Overe-mail,meanwhile,confirmationofhardworkgetslost,whichtendstoencouragemutualslackingoff.

17.ThestudyofinterpersonalrelationshipsbyDukeUniversityrevealsthat().

18.Thereasonwhypeoplefeelisolatedandbecomelessempatheticisthat().

19.Accordingtothepassage,the“l(fā)eancommunication”().

20.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage?

問題1選項

A.peoplebecomeshyerandtimiderthanbefore

B.peopletendtobelesscompassionatethanbefore

C.peoplemayfeelmoreisolatedthanbefore

D.peopleprefercommunicatingwithothersonline

問題2選項

A.itisverychallengingtofosterafriendshipinreallife

B.theyhavemoreopportunitiestogettoknownewpeople

C.digitalcommunicationisreplacingreal-lifefriendships

D.itiseasytoescapefromhelpingtheirfriendsiftheylike

問題3選項

A.makesusworkmoreeffectively

B.lacksnon-verbalinteraction

C.helpspeopletodeveloptrust

D.facilitatesworkplacecooperation

問題4選項

A.Digitalcommunicationishurtingpersonalrelationship.

B.Onlinenetworkingmaytaketheplaceofofflinerelationship.

C.Newmediacontributelesstofosteringrealfriendship.

D.Real-lifemeetingscanbreedtrustamongstudents.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】17.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句InaDukeUniversitystudy,researchersfoundthatfrom1985to2004,thepercentageofpeoplewhosaidtherewasnoonewithwhomtheydiscussedimportantmatterstripled,to25%;thesamestudyfoundthatoverall,Americanshadone-thirdfewerfriendsandconfidantsthantheydiddecadesago.(在杜克大學的一項研究中,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),從1985年到2004年,說找不到可以一起討論重要事情的人的比例增加了兩倍,達到25%;同樣的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),總體而言,美國人的朋友和知己比幾十年前少了三分之一。),說明杜克大學的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)和以前相比,人們的朋友更少,更孤立。因此C選項“人們可能會感到比以前更加孤立”正確。A選項“人們會變得比以前更害羞、更膽小”,B選項“人們的同情心往往不如以前了”,D選項“人們更喜歡在網(wǎng)上與人交流”均不屬于杜克大學的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容,所以A,B,D錯誤。

18.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段Anotherrecentstudy,byresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,foundthatcollegestudentstodayhavesignificantlylessempathythanstudentsofgenerationspastdid.Thereason,psychologistsspeculate,mayhavesomethingtodowithourincreasingrelianceondigitalcommunicationandotherformsofnewmedia.(密歇根大學的研究人員最近進行的另一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與上一代人相比,如今的大學生明顯

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