限時練三Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·廣東六校聯(lián)考)TrainingforSavingFirstAidatWork3days￡279Suitableforpeopleaged16＋whomightneedtoprovidefirstaidbyrespondingtoawiderangeofaccidents，injuriesandillnessesthattheycouldencounterintheirworkplace.Idealfororganizationswhoseneedsassessmenthasidentifiedarequirementforadditionalfirstaidtraining，especiallythosehavingemployeeswithadisabilityoramedicalcondition.Lunchbreaks.Theclassroomsetting.Certificatestoissue.AEDwithLifeSupport2days￡107Arightchoiceforpeopleover16whowanttolearnhowtouseanautomatedexternaldefibrillator(AED)．Firstaidforunresponsiveadultsinaddition.CurrentlyavailableatourLondon，EdinburghandReadingvenues；however，youcanorganizeatrainingsessionforagroupofupto15peopleatyourworkplacebyrequestingagroupbooking.Certificatesvalidforthreeyears.FirstAidforTeachersTraining1day￡50Speciallydesignedforthoseworkinginaschoolenvironmentandwishingtohavethefirstaidskillstoactinanemergency.Idealforteachersandotherschoolstaffover16.Firstaidskillstohelpachildwhoisunresponsiveandbreathingornotbreathing，choking，havinganallergicreactionoraheadinjury.Notqualifythelearnertoactasafirstaider.FireMarshalTraining4days￡364Takethisifyouareover16andresponsibleforfiresafetyorappointedfiremarshalsintheworkplace.Cometounderstandhowafirestartsandspreads；howtoassessandmanagetheserisks；andhowtousefirefightingequipment.Youmustbephysicallyabletocarryoutthepracticalelementsofthecourse.Role－play.Classroomenvironment.Certificates.【語篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個救助培訓(xùn)課程：FirstAidatWork，AEDwithLifeSupport，F(xiàn)irstAidforTeachersTraining，F(xiàn)ireMarshalTraining，以及課程的價格、適合的人群和特點等。1．WhatcanbelearntinthecourseAEDwithLifeSupport?A．Stepstodealwithmassiveinjuries.B．Theprocessofpreventingaterriblefire.C．Operationofcertainmedicalequipment.D．Treatmentforanadult’smentalproblems.答案C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)AEDwithLifeSupport中的“whowanttolearnhowtouseanautomatedexternaldefibrillator(AED)”并結(jié)合常識可知，AED是一種醫(yī)療設(shè)備。]2．Whichcoursecoststhemostperday?A．FirstAidatWork.B．AEDwithLifeSupport.C．FirstAidforTeachersTraining.D．FireMarshalTraining.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)每一個項目的持續(xù)時間和價格可知，F(xiàn)irstAidatWork每天的價格是279÷3＝93英鎊；AEDwithLifeSupport每天的價格是107÷2＝53.5英鎊；FirstAidforTeachersTraining每天的價格是50英鎊；FireMarshalTraining每天的價格是364÷4＝91英鎊。故FirstAidatWork每天的費用最高。]3．Whatdothefourcourseshaveincommon?A．Providingcertificatesfortrainees.B．Havingthesamerequirementforage.C．Offeringadiscountforagroupbooking.D．Takingmorethanonedayforpeopletocomplete.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FirstAidatWork中的“Suitableforpeopleaged16＋”，AEDwithLifeSupport中的“Arightchoiceforpeopleover16”，F(xiàn)irstAidforTeachersTraining中的“Idealforteachersandotherschoolstaffover16”，F(xiàn)ireMarshalTraining中的“Takethisifyouareover16”可知，這四個課程學(xué)習(xí)者的年齡都須在16歲以上。]B(2021·南昌市一模)CeciliaChiang，whoseSanFranciscorestaurant，theMandarin，introducedAmericandinersinthe1960stotherichnessandvarietyofauthenticChinesecuisine，diedonWednesdayatherhomeinSanFrancisco.Ms.Chiangwasnotachef，norwasshealikelycandidatetorunarestaurant.ShewasbornnearShanghaiin1920astheseventhdaughterinawealthyfamily.Afterherparentsdied，Ceciliamanagedthebusinesses’financeswhilestillinherteens.Ms.ChiangcametotheUnitedStatesfromChinatofleetheJapaneseduringWorldWarⅡ，travelingnearly700milesonfoot.OnceinSanFrancisco，shemettwoChineseacquaintanceswhowantedtoopenarestaurant.Ms.Chiangagreedtoputuplargefunds.Butwhenthetwowomenquit，Ms.Chiangfoundtoherhorrorthatthefundswerenotrefundable(可退還的)．Shetookadeepbreathanddecidedtoopentherestaurantherself.“IbegantothinkthatifIcouldcreatearestaurantwithWestern－styleserviceandthedishesthatIwasmostfamiliarwith—thedeliciousfoodofChina—maybemylittlerestaurantwouldsucceed，”shewroteinherbook.TheMandarin，whichwasopenedin1962asa65－seatrestaurant，introducedcustomerstomainlySichuan，ShanghaiandCantondishes.Theearlydaysweredifficult.Butlittlebylittle，Chinesediners，andafewAmericans，cameregularly.Overnightthetableswerefilledandtherestaurantbecameahugesuccess.Ms.Chiangcontinuedtoworkasarestaurantconsultantintoher90s.“IthinkIchangedwhataveragepeopleknowaboutChinesefood，”Ms.Chiangwrote.“Theydidn’tknowChinawassuchabigcountry.”【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了江孫蕓女士艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)，在美國開辦中餐廳的故事。4．WhendidMs.Chiangstarttomanagethebusinesses’finances?A．Inthe1920s. B．Inthe1930s.C．Inthe1950s. D．Inthe1960s.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ShewasbornnearShanghaiin1920...Ceciliamanagedthebusinesses’financeswhilestillinherteens.”可知，江孫蕓女士出生于1920年，在十幾歲時就開始管理公司的財務(wù)。據(jù)此可知，她在20世紀(jì)30年代開始管理公司財務(wù)。]5．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．WhenMs.ChiangcametotheUS.B．HowMs.Chiangearnedherdeposit.C．WhatMs.Chiangwroteinherbook.D．WhyMs.Chiangopenedherrestaurant.答案D[段落大意題。通讀第三段可知，該段主要講述了她開餐館的原因：她為躲避戰(zhàn)亂從中國來到美國，遇到了兩個想開餐館的中國熟人。在提供了大量資金后，兩名合伙人放棄了，于是她決定自己開餐館。]6．WhatdoweknowaboutTheMandarin?A．Itsurvivedtheearlyhardships.B．ItprovidedallkindsofChinesedishes.C．Itcouldseatlessthan60peopleatfirst.D．ItattractedmanyAmericansonceopened.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theearlydaysweredifficult...ahugesuccess.”可知，創(chuàng)辦初期TheMandarin的處境艱難，但逐漸吸引了中國和美國顧客的光顧，最后成功了；據(jù)此可知，TheMandarin度過了最初的困難時期。]7．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMs.Chiang?A．Smartbutstubborn.B．Devotedandbrave.C．Adventurousbutcareless.D．Enthusiasticandambitious.答案B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ms.Chiangagreedto...opentherestaurantherself.”可知，當(dāng)她發(fā)現(xiàn)資金無法退還時，她決定自己開辦餐館，據(jù)此可推知，她是一個勇敢的人；結(jié)合第五段首句可知，直到九十多歲，她還充當(dāng)餐館顧問，據(jù)此可以推知，她是一個專注的人。]C(2021·湖北八校高三第一次聯(lián)考)Formanyyears，schoolchildrenintheUShavebeentakenon“fieldtrips”toculturalinstitutionssuchasmuseumsofart.Educatorsarrangetheminthebeliefthatschoolsexistnotonlytoteacheconomicallyusefulskills，butalsotoproducecivilizedyoungpeoplewhoappreciateartandculture.Whilethereareparentswhowilltaketheirchildrentoculturalplacesintheirfreetime，thereareplentyofotherchildrenwhowillneverhavethiskindofopportunityunlessschoolsofferit.Soyoucouldsaythattakingschoolstudentsonfieldtripsisameansofgivingeveryoneequalaccesstotheirculturalheritage.However，theattitudetowardsfieldtripsinrecentyearsischanging，withthenumberoftoursorganizedforschoolgroupsfallingsignificantlyinmuseumsallaroundthecountry.Themostobviousreasonistheissueoffinance.Becausethereareincreasingdemandsontheirfunds，afterall，computersandsportsfacilitiesaren’tcheap，schoolsareforcedtomakeadifficultchoiceabouthowtospendthelimitedmoneytheyhave.Facedwiththisdilemma，fieldtripsareanobviousthingtocutsincetheyareseenbymanyasaluxury.Additionally，thenatureofthesefielddaysisalsochanging.Schoolsincreasinglyusetripstoamusementparksorsportingeventsasatreatforstudentsratherthananopportunityforculturallearning.This__shiftcouldhaveabasisingenerationaldifferencesbetweenteachers’reasonsfororganizingdaysoutofschool.Arecentsurveyconductedamong500Arkansasteachersshowedthatolderteachersweresignificantlymorelikelytotaketheprimarypurposeofafieldtripasalearningexperiencethanyoungerteachers，whoviewitasfun.Someevidenceshowsthetrendoffewertripsmayhaveanegativeeffectonchildren’sdevelopment.ResearchledbyJayGreeneatUniversityofArkansasfoundthatstudentswhoreceivedatourofanartmuseumgreatlyimprovedtheirknowledgeofartandtheabilitytothinkcriticallyaboutart.Theyalsodisplayedstrongerhistoricalinterestandweremorelikelytovisitculturalplacesinthefuture.Theresearcherswarnthatifschoolscutfieldtripsorswitchtolesseducationaldestinations，valuableopportunitiestobroadenandenrichchildren’slearningexperiencesarelost.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了美國的學(xué)生被帶到藝術(shù)博物館等文化機構(gòu)進行“實地考察”給學(xué)生帶來的好處及這些活動減少的原因。8．Whatistheinitialpurposeoffieldtripstoculturalinstitutions?A．Toteachstudentsusefulskillsineconomics.B．Tomakeeverystudentexposedtoartandculture.C．Toeducatestudentstopreserveculturalheritage.D．Toencourageparentstotaketheirchildrenthere.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Educatorsarrangethem...totheirculturalheritage.”可知，學(xué)校組織學(xué)生去文化機構(gòu)實地考察是為了讓每個學(xué)生都能體驗藝術(shù)和文化。]9．Whichfactormostprobablyleadstothetrendoffewerfieldtrips?A．Thedropinschoolfunds.B．Students’demandforfun.C．Thedilemmaofschoolfinance.D．Teachers’generationaldifferences.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Themostobviousreasonistheissueoffinance”可知，造成實地考察減少這一趨勢的最明顯的原因是學(xué)校的資金問題。]10．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“Thisshift”inParagraph3referto?A．Theswitchfromoldgenerationstoyounggenerations.B．Theswitchfromsportingeventstoculturalexperiences.C．Thechangefromanopportunitytolearntoatreattoentertain.D．Thechangefromeducationaldestinationstoluxuriousattractions.答案C[詞塊猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，學(xué)校越來越多地利用這些出行去游樂園或參加體育比賽，當(dāng)作是給學(xué)生的一種樂趣，而不是把這些出行當(dāng)作學(xué)習(xí)文化的機會。結(jié)合下句中的主語“Thisshift”可知，這種轉(zhuǎn)變是指“從學(xué)習(xí)文化的機會到娛樂的享受”。]11．WhatcanbeinferredaboutfieldtripsfromtheresearchbyJayGreene?A．Studentsarerewardedwithmoreculturalawareness.B．Amusementparksenrichchildren’slearningexperiences.C．Cuttingfieldtripsiscriticaltothefutureofthemuseum.D．Fieldtripsguaranteebetterfutureacademicperformance.答案A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段“Researchledby...culturalplacesinthefuture.”可推知，杰伊·格林所做的研究表明實地考察提高了學(xué)生的文化意識。]D(2021·鄭州市第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測)Whenmakingchoices，peopleassumethattheypickwhattheylike.However，researchsuggeststhatwelikesomethingstrictlybecausewehavechosenit.Inotherwords，wedislikethingswedon’tchoose.Andthisphenomenonhasexistedsincewewerebabies.Inanexperiment，USresearchersbroughtseveral10－to20－month－oldbabiesintoalabandgavethemtwosamebrightandcolorfulsoftblockstoplaywith.Theyseteachblockfarapart，sothebabieshadtocrawl(爬)tooneortheother—arandomchoice.Afterthebabychoseoneofthetoys，theresearcherstookitawayandcamebackwithanewoption.Thebabiescouldthenpickeitherthetoytheydidn’tplaywithbefore，orabrandnewtoy.Itturnedoutthatthebabiesreliablychosetoplaywiththenewtoyratherthantheonetheyhadnotchosen.Infollow－upexperiments，whenresearchersinsteadhelpedchoosewhichtoythebabywouldplaywith，thephenomenondisappeared.“Asiftheyweresaying，‘Hmm，Ididn’tchoosethatobjectlasttime，becauseIguessIdidn’tlikeitverymuch.’，”saidLisaFeigenson，co－authorofthestudy.Thisisaveryimportantphenomenoninlife，F(xiàn)eigensonnoted.Adultswilllesslikethethingtheydidn’tchoose，eveniftheyhadnorealpreferenceinthefirstplace.Itlookslikebabiesdojustthesame.Itshowsthattheactofmakingchoiceschangeshowwefeelaboutouroptions.Therandomchoicesmightbecomeourpreferences.“Theyarereallynotchoosingbasedonwhattheyprefer，”saidAlexSilver，co－authorofthestudy.Thesenewfindingsexplainwhyadultsbuildunconsciouspreferencewhentheymakechoicesbetweenthesamethings.Justifying(證明有道理)choicesissomehowfundamentaltothehumanexperience.“Ichosethis，soImustlikeit.Ididn’tchoosethisotherthing，soitcannotbesogood.Adultsmaketheseinferencesunconsciously，”Feigensonsaid.Suchatendencymakessensetousasweliveinaconsumercultureandmustmakesomanychoiceseveryday，betweeneverythingfromtoothpastebrandstostylesofjeans.Next，researcherswilllookatwhethertoomanychoicescouldbeaproblemforbabiesastheycertainlyareforadults.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨機選擇可能會成為我們的偏好，這項發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠解釋為什么成年人在相同的事情之間做出選擇時會產(chǎn)生無意識的偏好。12．Whatisthepurposeoftheexperiments?A．Totestwhetherpeoplechoosewhattheylike.B．Toseewhybabiesprefernewtoystooldones.C．Toexplainhowbabiesandadultsmakechoicesdifferently.D．Tostudyiftoomanychoicescouldcreateproblemsforpeople.答案A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“However，researchsuggeststhatwelikesomethingstrictlybecausewehavechosenit”可推知，這些實驗的目的是測試人們是否選擇了他們喜歡的東西。]13．Whatcanbelearnedfromtheexperiments?A．Babiespreferbrightandcolorfultoys.B．Babies’preferencelargelyaffectstheirchoices.C．Babiespreferadultstohelpthemmakechoices.D．Babies’previousrandomchoicesaffecttheirpreference.答案D[推理判斷題。第一段提到我們喜歡某種東西，完全是因為我們選擇了它；又根據(jù)第二、三段內(nèi)容可知，嬰兒會根據(jù)之前的選擇而選擇玩新玩具而不是選擇玩之前沒有選擇的玩具。由此可推知，嬰兒之前的隨機選擇影響了他們的偏好。]14．Whyarethenewfindingsimportantinlife?A．Theyentirelychangeourattitudetoourchoices.B．Theyhelpusmakewisedecisionsinaconsumerculture.C．Theypromotetherelationshipbetweenadultsandbabies.D．Theyhelpusunderstandourunconsciouspreferenceforchoices.答案D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七、八段內(nèi)容可知，這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)解釋了為什么成年人在同樣的物品中作選擇時會有無意識的偏好。而對于生活在一種消費文化中每天要作出那么多選擇的我們來說，這樣的一種傾向是明智的。由此可推知，這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)對于我們的生活重要是因為它們有助于我們理解對選擇的無意識的偏好。]15．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．BabieslikewhattheychooseB．RandomchoicesmatterC．ToomanychoicespuzzletheadultsD．Preferenceaffectsthechoice答案B[標(biāo)題歸納題。本文圍繞“做選擇和喜歡的關(guān)系的實驗”展開，通過實驗說明隨機選擇可能成為我們的偏好，并表述這也就解釋了為什么成年人在同樣的物品中作選擇時會有無意識的偏好。文章還闡述了這種傾向的意義。故B項(隨機選擇是重要的)作本文標(biāo)題最佳。]Ⅱ.七選五(2021·杭州第二次診斷)Scientistsdon’tknowyetwhethercellphonesarebadforthebrain.__1__Intheexperiment，the47participantsmayhavelookedalittlestrange.EachofthemhadtwoSamsungcellphonestiedtohisorherhead—oneoneachear.__2__Thephoneontherightearplayedamessagefor50minutes，buttheparticipantscouldn’thearitbecausethesoundwasoff.After50minuteswithtwophoneattachedtotheirheads，theparticipantsweregivenPETscans.ThePETscanisawaytotakeathree－dimensionalpictureofhowtheinsideofthebodyworks.ThePETscanshowedthattheleftsideofeachparticipant’sbrainhadn’tchangedfromthewayitwasbeforetheexperiment.__3__Theseright－sidebraincellswereusingalmostasmuchglucoseasthebrainuseswhenapersonistalking.Thissuggeststhatbraincellstherewereactiveevenwithoutthepersonhearingortalkinganything.Thisactivity，thescientistssay，wasprobablytouchedoffb