2018-全國(guó)高考英語(yǔ)-真題第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題2分,滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWashington,D.CBicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworldfamouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington，D?C?Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom?Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D?C?ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D?CDuration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD?C?newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D?C?inahealthywaywithminimumeffort?KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents，Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路線)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing?WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D?C?GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?ACherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.BWashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.CCapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.CDWashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?AMeetfamouspeople.BGotoanationalpark.CVisitwell-knownmuseums?DEnjoyinterestingstories.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?ACitymaps.BCameras.CMeals.DSafetylights.GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudgetoInSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Samf14fFinnf13fandJack,11."WeloveMexicanchurrossoIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay￡5foraportion（份），butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,waterfsugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.11Theeight-partseries（系歹!1節(jié)目）fSavemoney:GoodFoodffollowsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?ASheenjoysembarrassingherguests.BShehasstartedanewprogramme.CShedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.DShehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusannaAHebuyscookingmaterialsforher.BHepreparesfoodforherkids.CHeassistsherincookingmatters.DHeinvitesguestfamiliesforher.26?Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4？ASummarizethepreviousparagraphs.BProvidesomeadviceforthereaders?CAddsomebackgroundinformation?DIntroduceanewtopicfordiscussion.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?AKeepingFitbyEatingSmartBBalancingOurDailyDietCMakingYourselfaPerfectChefDCookingWellforLessCLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing?Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit（聯(lián)系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish，SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven?Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehotwetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers?Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaalonethathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.accountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位；accountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位；)ofspeakersismere6,000,whichAlreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?ATheydevelopedveryfastBTheywerelargeinnumberCTheyhadsimilarpatternsDTheywerecloselyconnectedWhichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？AComplexB.AdvancedCPowerful.DModernHowmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?AAbout6,800BAbout3,400CAbout2,400DAbout1,200Whatisthemainideaofthetext？ANewlanguageswillbecreated?BPeople'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages?CHumandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages?DGeographydetermineslanguageevolution?DWemaythinkwereaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（裝置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife-fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers，basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndWP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices-Wecontinuetousethem?AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesolution（解決方案）?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing?Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?ATheyareenvironment-friendly.BTheyarenobetterthantheold?CTheycostmoretouseathome.DTheygooutofstylequickly.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?AToreducethecostofminerals.BTotestthelifecycleofaproduct.CToupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.DTofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?AThebox-setTV.BThetablet.CTheLCDTV.DThedesktopcomputer.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?AStopusingthemBTakethemapartCUpgradethem?DRecyclethem?第二節(jié)供5小題：每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選岀能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyoullalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesinoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat'sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36___,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeelOvertheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'erreallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones?___38_,They‘rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms?Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable?Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39?Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40_?WhileallofthemareusefulWhateveryou'relookingforIfyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD?Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithit'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesSoitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG?Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I41theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn'twantto42afewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren't43enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which45Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's46Icouldhardlywaitto47him?MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis48wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness?Inhisintroduction,hemadeit49thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned?Inorderto50theclassamongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto51whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand52.toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat53andleanedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe54?TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'mstillputtingtousewhathe55me:“theabsolutemostimportant56thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood57?Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto58asituation,processwhatyouropponent（對(duì)手）isdoingand59thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions?”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy60asajournalist?A.putforwardB.jumpedatC?triedoutD?turneddownA.wasteB?earnC?saveD?payA.excitedB.worriedC.movedD?tiredA.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructorA.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meantA.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarestA.interviewB.meetC.challengeD?beatA.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.jobA.attendB.passC.skipD.observeA.addB.exposeC.applyD?compareA.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normallyA.gameB.presentationC.courseD?experimentA.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD?situationA.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD?promisedA.factB.stepC.mannerD.skillA.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD?commentsA.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.controlA.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluateA.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior61?第二節(jié)供10小題;每小題1?5分，滿分15分）讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears_61_(long)thannon-runners,Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong_62__(see)thebenefit?Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_63__(die)earlybyrunning?Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit_64___(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife_65__walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014__66___showedamerefiveto10minuteadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsf