書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東北電力大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thepersonwho（

）thistypeofresearchdeservesourpraise.

問題1選項

A.originated

B.manufactured

C.generated

D.estimated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。originate“引起，創(chuàng)作”；manufacture“制造，加工”；generate“生成，使發(fā)生”；estimate“估計，判斷”。句意：發(fā)起這項研究的人值得贊揚。只有A項符合題意。

2.單選題

TheMalaysiangovernmentannouncedinawrittenstatementlastweekthatthepolicytorestructuresociety（）in1970wouldcometoanendbytheendoftheyear.

問題1選項

A.toformulate

B.tobeformulated

C.asformulated

D.soastoformulate

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題意，空格為后置定語，修飾前面的policy，和policy之間存在被動關系，所以選項A和D可排除。tobeformulated“將要被制定”，asformulated“已經(jīng)被制定的”。句意：馬來西亞政府上周以書面形式宣布：1970年已經(jīng)制定的調整社會的政策將于今年年底停止。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Policebelievethatmanyburglarsareamateurswhowouldfleeifanalarmsoundedorlights（

）.

問題1選項

A.cameout

B.cameon

C.cameto

D.camedown

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。comeout“出現(xiàn)；出版；結果是”；comeon“快點；開始”；cometo“想起；共計”；comedown“下來；降落；流傳下來”。句意：警察認為很多盜賊是新手，如果他們聽到警報或者看到燈光就會逃跑。選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable,thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisfact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredthenthefacewillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyethenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople.75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantstonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone'sconversationpartner’.

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselves-toglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact;iftheyarenotlooking,atthespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare（

）.

2.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner’neckbecause（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto（

）.

5.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（

）.

問題1選項

A.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson’sinnerworld

B.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

問題2選項

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering

問題3選項

A.theydon'tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker

B.theydon’thowtocommunicatethrougheyecontact

C.theydon’tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact

D.theydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood

問題4選項

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

問題5選項

A.nottoweardarkglasses

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepaused

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章第一段第一句提到“眼睛是心靈的窗戶這個說法是有爭議的，但是在人際交往中眼睛非常重要是事實”Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable,thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisfact，選項B“在表達情感和交流思想時非常重要”符合題意。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段第四句話提到“一張真正的人臉但是眼睛被遮住了不能引發(fā)嬰兒笑，只露出一只眼睛的側臉也不能讓嬰兒笑”（arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredthenthefacewillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyethenthefaceispresentedinprofile），由此可知選項C“從側面看某人的臉”符合題意。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段提到“日本的嬰兒被母親背在背上，在他們的文化中沒有接收太多關于眼神交流的內容”（InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantstonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures），所以他們交流時喜歡看對方的脖子而不是眼睛，選項D符合題意。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段提到“重要的是他們要在說話人重新建立眼神交流的時刻看向說話人；如果他們沒有看向對方，說話人會認為他們對所說話題不感興趣或者以為他們想中斷談話”（Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact;iftheyarenotlooking,atthespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation），因此選項C“停止眼神交流的時間不當”符合題意。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。文章最后一句話提到“當談話雙方都戴墨鏡的時候就會知道這種眼神交流對于保持通暢談話有多重要：可能會中途被打斷，錯誤的開始或者意料之外的停頓等等”（Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact;iftheyarenotlooking,atthespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation），選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Thenewmiracleofthemedicalworldisthestemcell,amarvelofhumannatureinthatitcanbecomeanyofnearly220celltypesthatconstitutethehumanbody.Itisoftencalledablankcellthatcanbeprogrammedtobecomeothercells.Researcherspredictthat,byusingstemcells,theycancreateorgansthatcanbetransplantedintopeoplewhodesperatelyneedthemtosavetheirlives.Themostcommonsourceofstemcellsisthehumanembryo,theinitialstageofhumanlifeafterafemaleeggisimpregnatedbyamalesperm.InthisveryfactliesanethicalconundrumthathasrockedboththemedicalandpoliticallandscapeoftheUnitedStatesandothercountries.Coupledwiththisisnewresearchincloning,whichhasseensomesuccessindevelopinganimalspecieswithouttheuseofnormalbirthingprocedures.Alloftheseareasofresearcharemakingquiteafewpeoplenervousaboutboththesourcesofstemcellsandwheretheresearchistakingmankind.

Moststemcell-containingembryoscomefromfourdifferentsources:fertilityclinicswhichoftenstoremorehumanembryosthanareneeded;fetusesfromunwantedpregnanciesthatareaborted;therapeuticcloning,whichiswhenahumaneggisstimulatedintoanembryo-likestate;andcustom-fertilizationinwhichahumaneggisdeliberatelyfertilizedwithspermtocreateanembryoinordertoharvestitsstemcells.Morallymanypeopleareoutragedbythesesources,claimingthathumanlifeisnotsomethingthatshouldbetamperedwithandcreatedjustforscientificandmedicalpurposes.Atthecoreofthisdebateistheissueofwhatreallyconstitutesahumanbeing,withonesideclaimingahumandoesnotexistuntilbornfromitsmotherwhiletheothersideclaimsthatonceeggandspermmeet,lifehasbegun.

TheUnitedStatesgovernmenthastakenanactiveroleinthedebateandisconsciouslylookingatthevotingboothwhilemakingdecisionsregardingstemcellresearch.Thegovernmentgavethego-aheadforfederalspendingonstemcellresearchbutlimitedactivitytospecimensthatalreadyexisted,meaningnonewembryoscouldbecreatedsolelyforstemcellresearch.Similarlawsregardingcloningresearchhavebeenproposed,includingtherapeuticcloning.Manyuniversitiesandresearchcentersworrythattheselawsmaycausetheirbestandbrightestscientiststoseekappointmentsoverseas,wherestemcellresearchisnotsocontroversial.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,astemcellisunlikeothercellsbecause（）.

2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,allofthefollowingaresourcesofsteincellsEXCEPT（）.

3.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,themaindebateconcerningstemcellsourcesrevolvesaround（

）.

4.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?

5.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,Americanuniversitiesandresearchinstitutesareworriedabout（

）.

問題1選項

A.ithasatleast220differentparts

B.itcandevelopintoanyothercell

C.ithasbeenusedtocureillness

D.itisatthecenterofacontroversy

問題2選項

A.artificiallyimpregnatedwomen

B.humaneggsthatactliketheyarefertilized

C.embryosmadeforpeoplewhocannotconceive

D.theremainsofunwantedbabies1.（）.

問題3選項

A.howtheyareextractedfromthesource

B.whatthestemcellareusedfor

C.themethodsusedtoproducethem

D.whensomeonebelieveslifebegins

問題4選項

A.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentisinvolvedinthedebateonstemcellsonlybecauseitisworriedaboutthevoters.

B.ThevotersaremakingtheUnitedStatesgovernmentworriedaboutitspositiononstemcellresearch.

C.TheissueofstemcellresearchisonethatUnitedStatesvotersareconcernedabout

D.TheUnitedStatesgovernment’sdecisionsonstemcellresearchreflectwhatitsvotingpublicwants.2.（）.

問題5選項

A.notgettingenoughfundsforstemcellresearch

B.losingpeopleforbetteropportunitieselsewhere

C.havingthegovernmentshutdowntheiroperations

D.havingtofindnewsourcesofstemcells

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:Thenewmiracleofthemedicalworldisthestemcell,amarvelofhumannatureinthatitcanbecomeanyofnearly220celltypesthatconstitutethehumanbody(醫(yī)學界的新奇跡是干細胞。令人驚嘆的是，它可以成為構成人體的近220種細胞中的任何一種),故選B“它能發(fā)展成任何其它的細胞”。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干問:根據(jù)第二段,以下哪項不是干細胞的來源。A:人工懷孕的女性,B:類似于已受精狀的人類卵子,C:為不孕的人所做的胚胎,D:意外懷孕產出的嬰兒的遺體。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:Moststemcell-containingembryoscomefromfour

differentsources:fertilityclinicswhichoftenstoremorehumanembryosthanareneeded;fetusesfromunwantedpregnanciesthatareaborted;therapeuticcloning,whichiswhenahumaneggisstimulatedintoanembryo-likestate;andcustom-fertilizationinwhichahumaneggisdeliberatelyfertilizedwithspermtocreateanembryoinordertoharvestitsstemcells(大多數(shù)包含干細胞的胚胎來自四個不同的來源：經(jīng)常儲存有多余人類胚胎的產科；因意外懷孕而被流產的胎兒；治療性克?。慈祟惵炎颖淮碳こ膳咛睿┖吞囟ǖ氖芫慈祟惵炎颖还室獾嘏c精子受精來創(chuàng)造一個胚胎，以便獲取其干細胞）),因此只有A未被提及。故選A。

3.細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Atthecoreofthisdebateistheissueofwhatreallyconstitutesahumanbeing,withonesideclaimingahumandoesnotexistuntilbornfromitsmotherwhiletheothersideclaimsthatonceeggandspermmeet,lifehasbegun(這場爭論的中心是什么真正地構成了人類，一方的人宣稱直到從母親身體生出來之后，人才真正存在，然而另一方的人卻宣稱一旦卵子和精子結合生命就開始了)。故選D“人們認為生命是從何吋開始”。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段劃線句句意為:美國政府己積極參與這場爭論，在做有關干細胞研究的決定吋正有意識地看著投票站。由此可知D項“美國政府有關干細胞研究的決定反映出其投票的公眾的需求”正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:Manyuniversitiesandresearchcentersworrythattheselawsmaycausetheirbestandbrightestscientiststoseekappointmentsoverseas,wherestemcellresearchisnotsocontroversial(很多大學和研究中心擔心，這些法律可能導致它們優(yōu)秀和最杰出的科學家們前往干細胞研究沒有如此有爭議的海外尋求職位)。由此可知B“因海外更好的機會而流失人才”正確。

6.單選題

TheWorldHealthOrganizationhasreleasedareportabouthowdiseaseweakenstheeconomiesofpoorcountries.Foryears,peoplebelievedthatgoodhealthisadirectresultofstrongeconomicdevelopment.However,thisstudysuggeststheoppositeistrue.Itsaysthatstrongeconomicdevelopmentisanimportantresultofimprovedhealth.

Aninternationalcommitteeofeconomistsandexpertsinpublichealthandpolicycarriedoutthestudy.Somepeoplesaythestudyisthemostcompleteexaminationtolinkfinancialaidsinhealthcaretoeconomicgrowth.

Thestudycallsforalargeincreaseinforeignaidforhealthcareservicesindevelopingcountries.Intheworld’srichestcountries,totalspendingforhealthcareforeachpersonisalmost$2,000ayear.However,intheworld’spoorestnations,spendingonhealthcareforeachpersonisonly$13ayear.

TheWHOsaysthisamountshouldbeincreasedto$38ayearforeachpersonby2015.Themoneywouldhelppoornationsprovidetreatmentfordiseases.Itwouldalsoprovidebabieswithimportanthealthcareearlyinlife.

JeffreySachsofHarvardUniversityledthestudy.Hesaysabouteightmillionlivescouldbesavedeachyeariftherichestnationsincreasedspendingonhealthcareindevelopingcountries.Inaddition,MisterSachssaysmorethanfiftyoftheworld’spoorestcountrieswouldhaveachancetoimprovethelivingandeconomicconditionsfortheirpeople.

ThereportalsoprovidesnewinformationabouthowAIDS,tuberculosisandmalaria（瘧疾）affecteconomicgrowthindevelopingcountries.Theresearcherssuggest8,000milliondollarsbeprovidedeachyeartohelpfightthesediseases.

TheWHOplanstosendthestudytomanyofficialsaroundtheworldincludingheadsofstate,ministersoffinance,healthandtrade,membersofnationalparliamentsandnon-governmentalorganizations.Itsaysthereportisavaluableguideforfutureinternationalhealthprograms,policiesandfinancing.

1.Whatrelationshipistherebetweeneconomyandhealthaccordingtothepassage?

2.Ifspendingonhealthisincreasedindevelopingcountries,thefollowingwillcometrueexceptthat（）.

3.Spendingonhealthcareforeachpersonintheworld’spoorestcountriesin2015is（）atpresent.

4.Thestudywillbesenttoallthefollowingexcept（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Diseaseweakenstheeconomiesofrichcountries.

B.Healthhaslittleeffectontheeconomiesofrichcountries.

C.Diseaseresultsinweakeconomies.

D.Goodhealthresultsfromstrongeconomicdevelopment.

問題2選項

A.eightmillionliveswillbesaved

B.peopleinthepoorestcountrieswillhaveenoughmoneyfortheirliving

C.fiftypoorcountrieswillimprovetheirlivingcondition

D.economicconditionswillbeimprovedinthepoorestcountries

問題3選項

A.thesameasthat

B.abouttwiceasmuchasthat

C.aboutthreetimesasmuchasthat

D.aboutfourtimesasmuchasthat

問題4選項

A.membersofnon-governmentalorganizationsandministersofhealth

B.ministersoffinanceandmembersofnationalparliaments

C.ministersoftradeandheadsofstate

D.membersofinternationalhealthprograms

問題5選項

A.Healthcareforbabiesinpoorcountrieshasimproved.

B.Totalspendingforhealthcareishigherinrichcountriesthaninpoorones.

C.Iftherichestcountriesgavefinancialaidstodevelopingcountries,manylivescouldbesaved.

D.Thisreportwillbesenttomanyofficialsaroundtheworld.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干問：根據(jù)文章，經(jīng)濟和健康之間的關系是什么？C選項“疾病導致經(jīng)濟疲軟”，定位到第一段第一句話TheWorldHealthOrganizationhasreleasedareportabouthowdiseaseweakenstheeconomiesofpoorcountries.（世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)布了一份關于疾病如何削弱貧窮國家經(jīng)濟的報告。）因此答案為C。A選項“疾病削弱了富裕國家的經(jīng)濟”，B選項“健康對富裕國家的經(jīng)濟影響不大”，D選項“良好的健康源于強勁的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展”。

2.判斷推理題。題干問：如果發(fā)展中國家花費在健康上的費用增加，那么以下除了哪個以外都會發(fā)生？A選項“800萬人的生命將被拯救”，B選項“最貧窮國家的人民將有足夠的錢維持生活”，C選項“50個貧窮國家將改善他們的生活條件”，D選項“最貧窮國家的經(jīng)濟狀況將得到改善”；根據(jù)題干定位到倒數(shù)第三段Hesaysabouteightmillionlivescouldbe...theirpeople.（他說，大約800萬條生命可能是……他們的人。）根據(jù)這一段話我們可以得出只有B選項是沒有提及的，因此答案為B。

3.事實細節(jié)題。題干問：2015年世界上最貧窮國家的每個人的衛(wèi)生保健支出與現(xiàn)在相比是（）。C選項“是現(xiàn)在的三倍”，根據(jù)題干可以定位到第三段和第四段spendingonhealthcareforeachpersonisonly$13ayear（每人每年的衛(wèi)生保健支出僅為13美元）以及TheWHOsaysthisamountshouldbeincreasedto$38ayearforeachpersonby2015（到2015年，這一數(shù)字應該增加到每人每年38美元。）38美元接近是13美元的三倍，因此答案為C。A選項“與現(xiàn)在一樣”，B選項“是現(xiàn)在的兩倍”，D選項“是現(xiàn)在的四倍”；

4.事實細節(jié)題。題干：這篇研究將會被送到以下所有地方，除了（）。A選項“非政府組織成員和衛(wèi)生部長”，B選項“財政部長和各國議會議員”，C選項“貿易部長和國家元首”，D選項“國際健康計劃的成員”；根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到最后一段planstosendthestudytomanyofficialsaroundtheworldincludingheadsofstate,ministersoffinance,healthandtrade,membersofnationalparliamentsandnon-governmentalorganizations.（計劃向世界各地的許多官員，包括國家元首、財政部長、衛(wèi)生部長和貿易部長、各國議會成員和非政府組織發(fā)送研究報告。）其中只有membersofinternationalhealthprograms（國際健康計劃的成員們）是沒有包含的，因此答案為D。

5.判斷推理題。題干問：以下哪項是文章所沒有提及的？A選項“貧窮國家的嬰兒保健已經(jīng)得到改善”，B選項“富國在醫(yī)療保健方面的總支出比窮國高”，C選項“如果最富有的國家向發(fā)展中國家提供財政援助，許多人的生命可以得到拯救”，D選項“這份報告將送交世界各地的許多官員”。B選項在第三段的最后兩句提到了；C選項在第五段的第二句話有提及；D選項在最后一段的第一句話有說到，只有A選項是全文沒有提到的，因此答案為A。

7.不定項選擇題

Sociologyisdefinedasthestudyofhumangroups.Inthebroadestsense,sociologyisconcernedwithunderstandingpatternsofhumanrelationships,theircausesandtheireffects.Unlikepsychology,sociologydoesnotattempttoexplainthebehaviorofaparticularindividualundercertaincircumstances.Rather,sociologyfocusesonsocialtrendsorotherinfluencesthataffectwholegroupsorcategoriesofpeople.Thus,whileapsychologistmightcounselanindividualwhofeelsworthlessafterretiringfromalongandsuccessfulcareer,asociologistwouldbemorelikelytoexaminesocietalattitudesthatmaycontributetothelossofself-esteemexperiencedbymanyretiredpersonsinoursociety.

TheemphasisthatsociologyplacesonhumangroupsratherthanindividualsstemsdirectlyfromtheworkofEmileDurkheim,apioneeringsociologistofthenineteenthcentury.Durkheimlikenedthenatureofasocialgrouptobronze,auniquemetalthatisformedwhenthemetalstin,copper,andleadaremeltedandmixedtogether.Durkheimnotedthatbronzeismuchharderthananyofitscomponentmetals.Inthesameway,hereasoned,thecharacteristicsofasocialgroupviewedasawholecannotbedeterminedsimplybyexaminingthecharacteristicsofitsindividualmembers.Norcanindividualsbeunderstoodstrictlyintermsoftheindividualsthemselves;whenpeoplecometogetherasmembersofaparticulargroup,thegroupexertsconsiderablepressureontheindividualtoconformtowhatitconsidersacceptablewaysofthinking,feeling,andbehaving.Besidesdevelopingatheoreticalfoundationforthestudyofsocialgroups,Durkheimalsoconductedresearchdesignedtocorroboratehistheoreticalwork.Usinglandmarkresearchmethods,Durkheimcollectedandanalyzeddatafromanumberofcountriesthatkeptrecordsonsuicides.

Hewantedtoshowthatsocialenvironmentmayhaveaprofoundeffectevenonthosebehaviorsweconsidermostpersonal.Theresultsofhisstudyshowedthatsuicideratesdoindeedvaryaccordingtospecificsocialcharacteristics.

Forexample,Durkheimfoundthatmembersofreligionswithstrongprohibitionsagainstsuicidearelesslikelytocommitsuicidethanaremembersofreligiousgroupswithweakerprohibitions.Healsofoundalowerincidenceofsuicideamongmarriedpersonsthanamongpersonswhoweresingleordivorced.Takentogether,thefindingsofDurkheim’sstudyprovidedconvincingevidencethatsocialgroupsdoindeedexertpressuresthatcontrolorregulatethebehaviorofindividuals,includingdeeplypersonalbehaviors.

Durkheim’srigorousresearchmethodscapturedtheattentionofsociologistsaroundtheworld,andwereperhapsevenmoreimportanttothefuturedevelopmentofsociologythananyspecificresearchresultscouldbe.Withinashorttime,hisspecificapproachtoformulatingandtestingsocialtheorybecameamodelthatguidedtheworkofnearlyallsociologists.ThisassuredEmileDurkheimalastingplaceasoneofthekeyfiguresinthehistoryofsociology.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaoftheselection?

2.Thewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthisselectionisto（）.

3.Accordingtotheselection,howdosociologistsandpsychologistsdiffer?

4.Incomparingsocialgroupstobronze,Durkheimwishedtoillustratetheideathat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinesthewordmodelasitisusedinthelastparagraphoftheselection?

問題1選項

A.BoththesocialgrouptheoryandthescientificresearchmethodsdevelopedbyDurkheimhavecontributedmuchtothefieldofsociology.

B.Durkheimbelievedthatindividualmembersofagroupstronglyinfluencethegroup’swaysofthinking,feeling,andbehaving.

C.TheresearchstudyconductedbyDurkheimprovidedstrongevidencethatsuicideratesvaryamongmembersofdifferentsocialgroups.

D.Throughhisresearch,Durkheimmadegreatstridesindistinguishingsociologyfrompsychology.

問題2選項

A.outlinethestepsDurkheimfollowedinconductinghisresearchstudy

B.describethewaysinwhichDurkheim’sworkhasinfluencedsociology

C.persuadethereaderthatsocialgroupscontrolmostofthebehaviorsoftheirindividualmembers

D.explainthedifferencesbetweensociologyandpsychology

問題3選項

A.Sociologistsaremoreconcernedwithexplainingbehaviorthanpsychologists.

B.Psychologistsfocusmoreonindividualsthandosociologists.

C.Sociologistsspendmoretimehelpingpeoplesolvetheirproblemsthandopsychologists.

D.Psychologistsaremoreinterestedinunderstandingpatternsofhumanrelationshipsthanaresociologists.

問題4選項

A.asocialgrouphascharacteristicsthatdifferfromthoseofitsindividualmembers

B.socialgroupsaremadeupofthreemajorcomponentpartsactingtogether

C.eachsocialgroupisauniqueentitythatisunlikeanyothersocialgroup

D.socialgroupsareextremelydifficulttobreakapartoncetheyhavebeenformed

問題5選項

A.Oneoftwoormorealternativestyles

B.Anartist’ssubject

C.Asmallcopyofanobject

D.Aplantobeimitated

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章第一段sociologyfocusesonsocialtrendsorotherinfluencesthataffectwholegroupsorcategoriesofpeople.“社會學關注社會趨勢或影響整個群體或人群類別的其他影響。”主要講述社會群體理論，文章最后一段Durkheim’srigorousresearchmethodscapturedtheattentionofsociologistsaroundtheworld“迪爾凱姆嚴謹?shù)难芯糠椒ㄒ鹆巳澜缟鐣W家的注意”提及迪爾凱姆社會學的研究方法，所以A選項“迪爾凱姆的社會群體理論和科學的研究方法為社會學領域做出了重要貢獻。”表達了選文的主要思想。B選項“迪爾凱姆認為，一個群體中的個體成員強烈地影響著這個群體的思維、感受和行為方式?！蔽闹薪榻B是群體影響個人而不是個體影響群體；C選項“迪爾凱姆進行的這項研究提供了強有力的證據(jù)，證明不同社會群體成員的自殺率各不相同?！敝皇莻€別舉例并不能以偏概全；D選項“通過他的研究，迪爾凱姆在區(qū)分社會學和心理學方面取得了很大的進步?！钡蠣杽P姆的研究并不是為了證明社會學與心理學的區(qū)別。因此A選項符合題意。

第2題:主旨大意題。由上一題可知文章的主要思想是“迪爾凱姆的社會群體理論和科學的研究方法為社會學領域做出了重要貢獻”，作者寫這篇選文的主要目的是介紹他的理論和研究方法是如何影響社會學的，所以B選項“描述迪爾凱姆的作品影響社會學的方式”與題意相符。A選項“概述迪爾凱姆在進行他的研究時所遵循的步驟”、C選項“說服讀者，社會群體控制著他們個體成員的大部分行為”和D選項“解釋社會學和心理學之間的區(qū)別”都只是整篇文章當中的部分內容，不能概括全文。因此B選項符合題意。

第3題:事實細節(jié)題。第一段中有提到二者的區(qū)別，Unlikepsychology,sociologydoesnotattempttoexplainthebehaviorofaparticularindividualundercertaincircumstances.Rather,sociologyfocusesonsocialtrendsorotherinfluencesthataffectwholegroupsorcategoriesofpeople.“與心理學不同，社會學不試圖解釋特定個體在特定環(huán)境下的行為。相反，社會學關注的是社會趨勢或影響整個群體或人群類別的其他影響?！庇纱丝芍鐣W關注社會趨勢或社會群體，而心理學更關注個人。所以B選項“心理學家比社會學家更關注個體”符合題意；A選項“社會學家比心理學家更關心解釋行為”并未涉及；C選項“社會學家比心理學家花更多的時間幫助人們解決問題”與題意不符；D選項“心理學家比社會學家對理解人類關系的模式更感興趣”與原文表述不同。因此B選項正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干關鍵詞bronze定位到文章第二段Durkheimlikenedthenatureofasocialgrouptobronze,auniquemetalthatisformedwhenthemetalstin,copper,andleadaremeltedandmixedtogether.Durkheimnotedthatbronzeismuchharderthananyofitscomponentmetals.“迪爾凱姆把一個社會群體的本質比作青銅，一種獨特的金屬，是由錫、銅和鉛熔化并混合在一起形成的。迪爾凱姆指出，青銅比它的任何組成金屬都要堅硬得多?！弊髡叩囊馑际前讶后w類比青銅，錫、銅和鉛等比作個體，那么群體的特點跟個體會與眾不同。A選項“一個社會群體具有與其個體成員不同的特征”符合題意；B選項“社會群體由三個共同行動的主要組成部分組成”與原文意思不符；C選項“每個社會群體都是一個獨特的實體，不同于任何其他社會群體”，原文說的是群體和個體的差異，而不是不同群體的差異，所以C選項不正確；D選項“社會群體一旦形成就極難分裂”與題目意思中的類比并無聯(lián)系。因此A選項正確。

第5題:語義推測題。由題干關鍵詞model定位到文章最后一段Withinashorttime,hisspecificapproachtoformulatingandtestingsocialtheorybecameamodelthatguidedtheworkofnearlyallsociologists.“在很短的時間內，他制定和檢驗社會理論的具體方法成為幾乎所有社會學家工作的指導模式。”作者表述這個model為社會學家的工作提供了指導。A選項“兩種或多種可選樣式之一”與題意不符；B選項“一個藝術家的主體”原文并未提及；C選項“物體的小模型”不合題意；D選項“一個被模仿的計劃”，這種方法提供了指導作用，被他人模仿學習，D選項接近原文所表達的意思，因此D選項符合題意。

8.單選題

MartinLutherKing（）himselfasanonviolentcivilrightsleaderwhowasrespectedgreatlybytheAmericanBlack.

問題1選項

A.recognized

B.distinguished

C.differentiated

D.separated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項recognized“認識；意識到”，為及物動詞；B選項distinguished“辨別；使出名”，與as搭配，意為“以……而著名”；C選項differentiated“區(qū)分；使有差別”；D選項separated“分開；隔開”。句意：馬丁?路德金作為非暴力民權運動領導人而聞名，并且受到美國黑人的極大尊敬。根據(jù)后面的定語從句whowasrespectedgreatlybytheAmericanBlack“受美國黑人的尊敬”可知他是有名的，而且廣受黑人關注。因此B選項符合題意。

9.單選題

JoyceCarolOatespublishedherfirstcollectionofshortstoriesByTheNorthGates,in1963,twoyearsaftershehadreceivedherMaster’sdegreefromtheUniversityofWisconsinandbecomeaninstructorofEnglishattheUniversityofDetroit.Herlineproductivitysincethenhasbeenprodigious,accumulatinginlessthantwodecadestonearlythirtytitles,includingnovels,collectionsofshortstoriesandverse,plays,andliterarycriticism.Inthemeantime,shehascontinuedtoteach,movingin1967fromtheUniversityofDetroittotheUniversityofWindsor,inOntario,andin1978toPrincetonUniversity.Reviewershaveadmiredherenormousenergy,butfindaproductivityofsuchmagnitudedifficulttoassess.

InaperiodcharacterizedbytheabandonmentofsomuchoftherealistictraditionbyauthorssuchasJohnBarth,DonaldBarthelme,andThomasPynchon,JoyceCarolOateshasseemedattimesdeterminedlyold-fashionedinherinsistenceontheessentiallymimeticqualityofherfiction.Hersisaworldofviolence,insanity,fracturedlove,andhopelessloneliness.Althoughsomeofitappearstocomefromherowndirectobservations,herdreams,andherfears,muchmoreisclearlyformtheexperienceofothers.Herfirstnovel,WithShudderingFall(1964),dealtwithstockcarracing,thoughshehadneverseenarace.InThem(1969)shefocusedonDetroitfromtheDepressionthroughtheriotsof1967,drawingmuchofhermaterialfromtheDepressionmadeonherbytheproblemsofoneofherstudents.Whateverthesourceandhowevershockingtheeventsorthemotivations,however,herfictiveworldremainsstrikinglyakintothatrealonereflectedinthedailynewspapers,thetelevisionnewsandtalkshows,andthepopularmagazinesofourday.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingdoesthepassageindicateaboutJoyceCarolOates’sfirstpublication?

3.WhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagesuggestaboutJoyceCarolOatesintermsofherwritingcareer?

4.WhatwasthesubjectofJoyceCarolOates’sfirstnovel?

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldJoyceCarolOatesbemostlikelytowrite?

問題1選項

A.ToreviewOates’sBytheNorthGate.

B.Tocomparesomemodernwriters.

C.Todescrib