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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海海事大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theboyslippedoutoftheroomandheadedfortheswimmingpoolwithouthisparents’(

).

問題1選項

A.command

B.conviction

C.consent

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知,這里指男孩未經(jīng)父母的允許,consent指同意,贊成,答應(yīng);選項C符合句意。

2.單選題

Thepilotmadealast(frantic)distresscallbeforehebailedout.

問題1選項

A.urgent

B.desperate

C.routine

D.futile

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項urgent“緊急的”;B選項desperate“絕望的”;C選項routine“常規(guī)的”;D選項futile“無效的”。句意:飛行員在跳傘前發(fā)出了最后一個絕望的求救信號。劃線部分frantic是絕望的意思。因此B選項正確。

3.單選題

AtdawnonSeptember5th,1972,abandof“BlackSeptember”ArabguerrillasbrokeintotheIsraelibuildingintheOlympicvillagenearMunichwhere10,000athleteswerestaying.Over250plainclothespolicehadbeenbroughtintothevillage,followingatip-offtroubleahead,butnoneofthemsawtheArabsscalethefence.TheyburstintotheIsraelibuildingwithsubmachinegunsblazingat5:10am.SomeIsraeliathletesescapedthroughthewindowsandsidedoors.Nineweretakenhostage.Theguerrillasdemandedthereleaseof200PalestiniansheldinIsraelijailsandasafepassageoutofGermany.WithinhourstheOlympicvillagewassurroundedby13,000police.TheOlympicGamesweresuspended.Aftersomenegotiations,theterroristsweretoldtheywouldbeflownwiththeirhostagestoanArabcountry.TheyweretakenbyhelicoptertotheFurstenfieldmilitaryairport25milesfromMunich.JustbeforemidnighttheguerrillasandtheirhostagesbegantowalkacrossthetarmactoawaitingBoeing727aircraft.SuddenlyalltheairportlightswereturnedoutandGermanpolicesharpshootersopenedfire.Therescueattemptfailedtragically.Inthegunbattleallninehostages,werekilled,aswellasfourArabsandonepoliceman.ThreeArabswerecapturedandoneescapedintothenearbywoods.Onthe8th,IsraeliplanesbombedtenguerrillabasesinrevengeforMunichmassacre.

1.ThemostpossiblereasonforIsraeliathletesbeingattackedandkidnappedisthat(

).

2.Whenthetroubletookplace,theOlympicGames(

).

3.Theterroristsweretoldthattheywouldbeprobablysentbyairto

).

4.HowmanyArabswerethereasterrorists?

5.WhatdoyouthinkPalestineandIsraelwouldactnext?

問題1選項

A.theyhadaconflictwiththeArabguerrillas

B.theArabguerrillaswantedtosavethePalestiniansheldinIsraelijails.

C.theGermanGovernmenthatedIsrael

D.theArabguerrillashopedtogetalargesumofmoney

問題2選項

A.werecompleted

B.weregoingon

C.weretobefinished

D.weretotakeplace

問題3選項

A.Italy

B.India

C.Syria

D.Nigeria

問題4選項

A.Seven

B.Eight

C.Nine

D.Itwasn’tmentioned

問題5選項

A.Theywouldbeginanotherconflict.

B.Theywouldbegintonegotiate

C.Theywouldtrytoimproveeachother’srelation

D.TheywouldturntoUN.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章指出:Theguerrillasdemandedthereleaseof200PalestiniansheldinIsraelijailsandasafepassageoutofGermany(這些游擊隊員要求釋放被關(guān)押在以色列監(jiān)獄的200名巴勒斯坦人并安全地離開德國),因此B項“這些阿拉伯游擊隊員想解救被關(guān)押在以色列監(jiān)獄的巴勒斯坦人”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文中“TheOlympicGamesweresuspended(奧運會被暫停)”可知當時奧運會正在進行。故選B。

3.判斷推理題。文章指出:Aftersomenegotiations,theterroristsweretoldtheywouldbeflownwiththeirhostagestoanArabcountry(經(jīng)過一些協(xié)商,恐怖分子們被告知他們和其人質(zhì)將被用飛機送到一個阿拉伯國家),四個選項中,只有C項“敘利亞”屬于阿拉伯國家。

4.細節(jié)事實題。文中指出:Inthegunbattleallninehostageswerekilled,aswellasfourArabsandonepoliceman.ThreeArabswerecapturedandoneescapedintothenearbywoods(槍戰(zhàn)中9名人質(zhì)全被打死,4名阿拉伯恐怖分子和一名警察也被殺。三名阿拉伯恐怖分子被捕,其中一名阿拉伯恐怖分子逃入附近的樹林)。因此槍戰(zhàn)中一共8個阿拉伯恐怖分子。

5.細節(jié)事實題。文章指出:Onthe8th,IsraeliplanesbombedtenguerrillabasesinrevengeforMunichmassacre(8號,以色列的飛機轟炸了10個游擊隊基地來報復(fù)慕尼黑的屠殺)。因此推測A項“他們將開始另外一場沖突”正確。

4.單選題

Forsomewomen,homemakingis______tohavingacareer,forothers,raisingafamilyandtakingcareoftheirhomesisthemostgratifyingoflife’scallings.

問題1選項

A.slavish

B.fawning

C.subservient

D.subordinate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項slavish表示“奴隸的,奴性的,卑屈的”,B項fawning表示“奉承的,恭維的,討好的”,指通過諂媚和奉承來獲得注意和贊賞,C項subservient表示“屈從的,奉承的,恭順的”,指某人非常愿意服從別人,D項subordinate表示“從屬的,隸屬的,次要的”。句意:對于一些女性來說,家政是比事業(yè)更重要的事情,而對于另一些女性來說,養(yǎng)家和照顧家庭是生活中最令人滿足的召喚。因此,該題選擇D項正確。

5.單選題

Ournewfirm()foracredible,aggressiveindividualwithgreatskillstofillthisposition.

問題1選項

A.havelooked

B.arelooking

C.islooking

D.look

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我們的新公司正在尋找一個可靠的、有進取心的、有很強技能的人來填補這個職位。填空處應(yīng)填入單數(shù)謂語動詞,選項C符合語境。

6.單選題

Thetoneofthearticle()thewriter'smoodatthetime.

問題1選項

A.reproduced

B.reflected

C.imagined

D.imitated

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這篇文章的語氣反映了這位作者當時的情緒。、

考查動詞辨析。四個選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去式。reproduce復(fù)制,再生,生殖;reflect反映,反射;imagine想像,猜想,臆斷;imitate模仿,仿造??崭裉巹釉~的賓語為thewriter'smood(作者的情緒),因此B符合句意。

7.單選題

InhistypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication,Mr.HayesconfrontedIsabetaaboutnotlookingathim.Reluctantly,sheexplainedwhy.AsanewcomerfromMexico,shehadbeentaughttoavoideyecontactasamarkofrespecttoauthorityfigures,teachers,employers,parents.Mr.Hayesdidnotknowthis.HetheninformedherthatmostAmericansinterpretlackofeyecontactasdisrespectanddeviousness.Ultimately,heconvincedIsabelatotryandchangeherhabit,whichsheslowlydid.

PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericans,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.Amaster’sthesisbySamuelAvoian,agraduatestudentatCentralMissouriStateUniversity,tellshowmisinterpretingeye-contactcustomscanhaveanegativeimpactwhenwhitefootballcoachesrecruitAfricanAmericanplayersfortheteams.

Hereportsthat,whenspeaking,whitecommunicatorsusuallylookawayfromthelistener,onlyperiodicallyglancingatthem.Theydotheoppositewhenlistening.Theyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.

ManyAfricanAmericanscommunicateinanoppositeway.Whenspeaking,theytendtoconstantlystareatthelistener;whenlistening,theymostlylookaway.Therefore,ifwhitesportsrecruitersarenotinformedaboutthesesignificantdifferences,theycanbemisledaboutinterestandattentivenesswheninterviewingprospectiveAfricanAmericanballplayers.

InmulticulturalAmerica,issuesofeyecontacthavebroughtaboutsocialconflictsoftwodifferentkindsinmanyurbancenters,non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.Thecustomerstranslatedthelackofeyecontactasasignofdisrespect,ahabitblamedforcontributingtotheopenconfrontationtakingplacebetweensomeAsiansandAfricanAmericansinNewYork,Texas,andCalifornia.ManyteacherstoohaveprovidedstoriesaboutclassroomconflictsbasedontheirmisunderstandingAsianandLatinAmericanchildrenlackofeyecontactasbeingdisrespectful.

Ontheotherhand,directeyecontacthasnowtakenonanewmeaningamongtheyoungergenerationandacrossethnicborders.Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.

Mad-dogginghasbecomethesourceofmanycampusconflicts.Inonehighschool,itresultedinafightbetweenCambodiannewcomersandAfrican-Americanstudents.TheCambodianshadbeenstaringattheotherstudentsmerelytolearnhowAmericansbehave,yettheothersmisinterpretedtheCambodians’intentionsandthefightbegan.

Mad-doggingseemstobeconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontactasasignofrespect.Thus,intheurbancontemporaryyouthscene,ifonelooksdirectlyatanother,thisdisrespects,or“disses,”thatperson.Muchlikethearchaicphrase“Idemandsatisfaction,”whichbecametheoverturetoaduel.Mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.

AttheentrancestoUniversalStudio’s“CityWalk”attractioninLosAngeles,theyhavepostedCodeofConductsigns.Thesecondrulewarnsagainst“physicallyoverballythreateninganyperson,fighting,annoyingothersthroughnoisyorboisterousactivitiesorbyunnecessarystaring...”

1.ManyAfricanAmericansfromtheSouth().

2.Whenlisteningtotheothers,whitecommunicatorstendto().

3.ManycustomersinAmericancitiesareangrywithKoreanshopkeepersbecause().

4.Mad-doggingrefersto().

5.Thearchaicphrase,“Idemandsatisfaction”().

問題1選項

A.adoptatypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication

B.oftenmisinterpretthemeaningofeyecontact

C.avoideyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aretaughttoavoideyecontactwhenevertellingtotheothers

問題2選項

A.lookatthespeakerallthetime

B.glanceatthespeakerperiodically

C.lookawayfromthespeaker

D.stareatthespeaker

問題3選項

A.Koreanshopkeepersdonotlookatthemdirectly

B.theyexpectamoreenthusiasticreflectionfromtheshopkeepers

C.therearesomesocialconflictsinmanyurbancenters

D.theyarenotinformedaboutdifferencebetweencultures

問題4選項

A.aprovocationfromoneteenagertoanotherofadifferentethnicbackground

B.physicalconflictamongtheyoungergenerationinurbancenters

C.alackofeyecontactasasignofrespect

D.thesourceofmanycampusconflictsacrossethnicbordersinurbancenters

問題5選項

A.wasconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontact

B.oftenledtoafight

C.wasasignofdisrespect

D.oftenresultedinsomekindofmisinterpretation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“AfricanAmericans,fromtheSouth”定位到第二段第二句“ManyAfricanAmericans,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.”這里的“custom”即上一句提到的“avoideyecontactasasignofrespect.”選項C與原文描述一致。

2.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,白人在說話時通常會把目光從聽眾身上移開,只是偶爾瞥一眼他們。他們在聽的時候卻恰恰相反,會一直看著說話者。所以選項A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第五段的第一句“InmulticulturalAmerica...non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.”可知,在美國非韓裔的顧客對韓國店主感到很生氣是因為店主沒有直視他們,所以選項A正確。

4.這里是考查“mad-dogging”的定義。根據(jù)第六段的內(nèi)容,在年輕一代和跨種族之間,直接的目光接觸現(xiàn)在有了新的含義。當一個青少年直視另一個青少年時,這被認為是一種挑釁,有時也被稱為“mad-dogging”。選項A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)原文“Muchlikethearchaicphrase'Idemandsatisfaction,'whichbecametheoverturetoaduel.”“Idemandsatisfaction,”成為決斗的序曲。也就是說,會導(dǎo)致爭斗。選項B正確。

8.單選題

Asanimportantpartofpolicestrategy,rapidpoliceresponseisseenbypoliceofficersandthepublic(

)asofferingtremendousbenefits.

問題1選項

A.similarly

B.thesame

C.alike

D.likewise

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞。四個選項均有“相似地,相同地”意思,根據(jù)句意“警察和民眾都認為警察快速反應(yīng)機制將會帶來巨大利益”,在句中,as與seen搭配,表示“被看作”的意思,因此空格處應(yīng)該填入形容詞,其中A與D為副詞,不符合題意。Asthesame雖然可以搭配,但是不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu),所以選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Theevilmannerswouldbe(

)rootandbranchduetotheforcefulactiontakenbythelocalgovernment.

問題1選項

A.exterminated

B.exemplified

C.facilitated

D.emitted

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:由于地方政府的強力措施,壞習(xí)慣會終究被根除。

exterminate消滅;根除。exemplify例證;例示。facilitate促進;幫助;使容易。emit發(fā)出,放射;發(fā)行;發(fā)表。

10.單選題

ThousandsofMedicarepatientswithchronicmedicalconditionshavebeenwrongly()accesstonecessarycare.

問題1選項

A.grudged

B.denied

C.negated

D.invalidated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。grudge“懷恨”;deny“否認,拒絕”;negate“否認,無效”,比較正式;invalidate“使無效”。句意:成千上萬患有長期慢性病的醫(yī)保病人沒有得到正確的必要治療。選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Mycatisafussyeater,butmydogisso()thatshe’llswallowdownanythingthatisputinfrontofher.

問題1選項

A.indiscriminate

B.choosy

C.indefinite

D.picky

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項indiscriminate“不加選擇的”;B選項choosy“好挑剔的”;C選項indefinite“不確定的,無限的”;D選項picky“挑剔的”。句意:我的貓很挑食,但我的狗卻不加選擇地吃任何擺在她面前的東西。根據(jù)句意可知,填空處應(yīng)填入一個和fussy(愛挑剔的)意思相反的單詞,所以選項A符合語境。

12.單選題

Theirfindingsareconsistentwithsomeoftheestablishedtheoriesonlongevity.

問題1選項

A.compatible

B.coherent

C.compact

D.competent

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。consistent表示“一致的”。A項compatible“兼容的,能共處的”,B項coherent“連貫的,一致的”,C項compact“緊湊的,堅實的”,D項competent“勝任的,有能力的”;句意:他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)與一些關(guān)于長壽的既定理論相一致。根據(jù)句意該題選B。

13.單選題

Thistransformationismarkedbyseveraldevelopments.Almostallthemajorarmedconflictsintheworldtodayareinternal,thereareunfoldingwithin(1)boundariesandtypicallyarebeingfoughtbymultiplesemi-autonomousarmedgroups.Theseconflictsare(2)byaparticularbrandoflawlessness,crueltyandchaos.Inparticular,theyaredefinedbythesystematicandwidespreadtargetingofcivilian(3).(4)thesesituations,warringpartiesroutinelyignoreinternationalhumanitarianlaw,whichhastraditionallymoderated,ifnotgoverned,theconductofinter-state(5).

Theseconflictstendtobeprotracted,lasting(6)ifnotdecades,ofteninrecurring(7),thusexposingsuccessivegenera(8)soldiers.Anotherfeatureoftheseconflictsistheproliferationoflight-weight(9)thatareeasilyassembledandbornebychildren.Moreoverthe(10)useofanti-personnellandmineshasexacerbatedthevulnerabilityofchildreninthesesituations.

問題1選項

A.national

B.international

C.external

D.internal

問題2選項

A.named

B.characterized

C.labeled

D.called

問題3選項

A.peoples

B.person

C.men

D.populations

問題4選項

A.Under

B.On

C.In

D.With

問題5選項

A.wars

B.battles

C.fights

D.disputes

問題6選項

A.months

B.years

C.hours

D.days

問題7選項

A.recycles

B.circles

C.cycles

D.loops

問題8選項

A.infant

B.baby

C.children

D.child

問題9選項

A.guns

B.weapons

C.pistols

D.rifles

問題10選項

A.indiscriminate

B.discriminate

C.discriminating

D.discriminated

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項national表示“國家的”,B選項international表示“國際的,世界的”,C選項external表示“外部的,外面的”,D選項internal表示“內(nèi)部的,國內(nèi)的”。根據(jù)Almostallthemajorarmedconflictsintheworldtodayareinternal可知“當今世界,幾乎所有主要的武裝沖突都是內(nèi)部的”可知,這些沖突不會逾越國家的范疇,因此withinnationalboundaries符合上下文,故本題正確答案為A。

2.考查固定搭配。詞組becharacterizedby表示“具有……的特性;以……為特征”。四個選項中只有B選項可以與by構(gòu)成搭配,故本題正確答案為B。

3.考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意,空缺處應(yīng)填入表示“人們”的名詞且應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù),故排除peoples(民族)和表示單數(shù)的person(人)。populations意為各地人口,表示一個群體,比一般意義的men更符合上下文語義,因此本題正確答案選D。

4.考查固定搭配。詞組underthesesituations表示“在這種情形下”。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項wars表示“戰(zhàn)爭”,是總稱,一般包括多個大規(guī)模戰(zhàn)役;B選項battles表示“戰(zhàn)爭,競爭,搏斗”,側(cè)重某一次具體全面的戰(zhàn)斗;C選項fights表示“打架,斗爭”,側(cè)重描述戰(zhàn)爭的動作;D選項disputes表示“爭論,爭端”,側(cè)重意見有分歧。四個選項中disputes“爭端”范圍最廣。因此,本題正確答案為D項。

6.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息decades“數(shù)十年”可知空缺處填years最符合句意。故本題正確答案為B項。

7.考查固定搭配。分析空缺處句子可知,inrecurring是方式狀語,A選項recycles表示“回收,循環(huán)利用”,B選項circles表示“圓,循環(huán)”,C選項cycles表示“周期,循環(huán)”,D選項loops表示“環(huán)形,環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu)”。只有C選項可以與in構(gòu)成詞組incycles,表示“周期性地(發(fā)生)”,而inrecurringcycles表示“重復(fù)周期性地(發(fā)生)”。因此,本題正確答案為C項。

8.考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)??杖碧幪钊氲拿~作soldiers的定語,soldiers為復(fù)數(shù),所以修飾部分的名詞也用復(fù)數(shù),childrensoldiers表示“童子軍”。因此,本題正確答案為C項。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析??杖碧幪钊氲拿~被light-weight(輕型的)所修飾。A選項guns表示“槍,炮”,B選項weapons表示“武器”,C選項pistols表示“手槍”,D選項rifles表示“步槍”。根據(jù)上下文可知,此處并不能確定使用的是哪種槍支,故選擇weapons“武器”表示的范圍最廣。因此,本題正確答案為B項。

10.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項indiscriminate表示“任意的,無差別的,不分青紅皂白的”;B選項discriminate表示“v.區(qū)別,辨別”;C選項discriminating表示“不公平對待的,有辨識的”;D選項discriminated表示“受歧視的”。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息hasexacerbatedthevulnerabilityofchildren(加劇了兒童的脆弱性)可知,空缺處選擇A項最符合句意。因此,本題正確答案為A項。

14.單選題

InBritainpeople()fourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.

問題1選項

A.swallow

B.dispose

C.consume

D.exhaust

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在英國,人們每年消耗四百萬噸土豆。

考查動詞辨析。swallow忍受;吞沒;dispose處理;處置;安排;consume消耗;消費;exhaust耗盡;排出??崭裉巹釉~的賓語是potatoes(土豆),因此C項符合句意。

15.單選題

It’sthebrinybrothofourorigins,thepoundingcirculatorysystemoftheworld,a(

)molecularedgeonwhichwesurvive.

問題1選項

A.integrated

B.precarious

C.solid

D.collided

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。integrated綜合的,完整的;precarious不穩(wěn)定的,危險的;solid結(jié)實的;collided碰撞的。句意:生命起源于海洋,海洋是地球循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵一環(huán),這些不穩(wěn)定的小分子是我們生存的基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)句意可知B項符合題意。

16.翻譯題

PassageOne

Abeachedwhaleisawhalewhichhasbecomestrandedonland,usuallyonabeach.Beachingisoftenfatalforwhales,astheybecomedehydratedanddie.Whaleshavebeenfoundbeachedthroughouthumanhistoryandsomanystandingscanbeattributedtonaturalandenvironmentalfactors.Therecouldbemanynaturalreasonslikeroughweather,weaknessduetooldageorinfection,difficultygivingbirth,huntingtooclosetoshoreandnavigationalmistakes.Asinglestrandedanimalcanprompttheentirepodtorespondtoitsdistresssignalsandbecomestranded.In2004,scientistsattheUniversityofTasmaniafoundalinkbetweenwhalestandingsandtheweather.ItishypothesizedthatwhencoolAntarcticwatersrichinsquidandfishflownorth,whalesfollowtheirpreyclosertowardslandmakingthemmorepronetostranding.Insomecasespredators(suchaskillerwhales)havebeenknowntopanicwhales,herdingthemtowardstheshoreline.Strandingscanbegroupedintoseveraldifferenttypes.Themostobviousdistinctionsarebetweensingleandmultiplestandings.Singlelivestrandingsareoftentheresultofanillnessorinjury,whichwouldalmostinevitablyendindeathunlessapasser-byknowshowtoreact.

Multiplestrandingsofdeadanimalsinonelocalityarerareandoftencauseagreatdealofmediacoverageaswellasrescueeffortsbysympathetichumans.Evenmultipleoffshoredeathsareunlikelytoleadtomultiplestrandingsduetothevariablewindsandcurrentsscatteringtheanimalsacrossthesea.Akeyfactorinmanyofthesecasesappearstobethestrongsocialcohesionamongsttoothedwhales.Ifonewhalegetsintotrouble,itsdistresscallsmayprompttherestofthegrouptofollowandbecomebeachedthemselves.Thereisnodefinitivespecificcauseformassstrandings.Insteadtheymayhappenduetonumerousfactorsthatcanactincombination.Manyhavebeenproposed,withsomeseekingtoexplainonlyasubsetofcases;however,theyaredifficulttoproveconclusivelyandaresometimescontroversial.

PassageTwo

Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofaJaguarXK4.2-S.Somight“PrideandPrejudice”havestartedhadJaneAusten,whowaspaid£110(£3,200,or$5,700,intoday’smoney)foroneofthebestsellingnovelsever,beenluckyenoughtoliveinanerawhichofferedthemutuallybeneficialpartnershipbetweencreativetalentandcommercialsponsorshipknownasproductplacement.

Seehowswiftlytheherorunsinhisflashnewtrainers?Noticehowluxuriantlytheshowergelfoamsontheheroine’sback?That’sprobablybecausethecompaniesthatmakethoseproductshavepaidtheproducersofthoseprogramsfatfeestoportraytheirwaresnicely.Productplacement,whichgavebirthtotheoriginalsoapoperascreatedtosellwashingpowders,isback.

Digitaltechnologyisthereason.Viewerscannoweffortlesslyskiptheads,sobroadcastersandthecompaniesthatusedtobuyairtimeforcommercialsaretryingtofindbetterwaystocatchpeople’sattention.Productplacementisonepromisingoption,butitiscontroversial.ItisallowedinAmericabutmostlybannedintheEuropeanUnion.ConsumerorganizationsacrossEuropeopposetheintroductionofproductplacement,savingitwouldunderminetrustinbroadcasters.EuropeanproducersandbroadcasterscomplainthatthisisunfairbecausetheirAmericanrivalsbenefitfromasourceofincomedeniedtothem,andsenselessbecauseAmericanprogramsanywayappearonEuropeanscreens.TheEUisthereforeplanningtolegalizeproductplacement,buttheproposalfacessomeopposition,viewerswatchingads,saythecritics,arefairgamebecausetheyknowthey’rebeingsoldstuff.Whenthey’rewatchingprograms,bycontrast,theydon’trealizethatproductsarebeingpromoted.

Butifadvertisingthatslipsimperceptiblyintopeople’sbrainsweretobebanned,agreatdealofwhatgoesonnowwouldbeoutlawed.Afterall,driversspinningpastbillboardsdon’tnecessarilyconsciouslyclockthemessagethey’veseen;oftentheyfileitunconsciously—asyoubrowsingthroughthesepages,maywellabsorbthenotionthatanexpensivewatchoranewphonewillchangeyourlifeinsomevaguebutenticingway.Asforpeoplewhobelievetheliteraltruthofwhattheyseeinsoapoperas—well,noamountofregulationcanprotectthemfromthemselves.

Anyhow,governmentsdon’tneedtopoliceentertainmentcontent-producerswilldoitthemselves.WhenFayWeldon,anovelist,wroteabookforBulgari,ajewelrymanufacturer,afewyearsago,itwasnotwidelyviewedasaliterarygem.Neithershe,noranybodyelsewithareputationworthkeeping,hastriedthatagain.Whichisjustaswell:theworldwouldhavebeenapoorerplacehadMr.BingleybeenmoreinterestedinhisridethanintheBennetgirls.

Directions:Eachofthefollowingtwopassageshassomeunderlinedparts.TranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

【答案】(1)【參考譯文】擱淺的鯨魚是擱淺在陸地(通常是在海灘上)的鯨魚。擱淺對鯨魚來說通常是致命的,因為它們會脫水死亡。在整個人類歷史中,鯨魚一直被發(fā)現(xiàn)擱淺,有很多擱淺是由于自然和環(huán)境因素??赡苡性S多自然原因,比如惡劣的天氣、年老或感染導(dǎo)致的身體虛弱、分娩困難、獵食離海岸太近以及導(dǎo)航錯誤。

(2)【參考譯文】在一個地方多次擱淺死去的動物是罕見的,經(jīng)常引起大量媒體報道和同情的人們的救援努力。由于多變的風(fēng)和洋流將這些動物分散在海中,即使是多次離岸死亡也不太可能導(dǎo)致多次擱淺。其中一個關(guān)鍵因素就是齒鯨之間強大的社會凝聚力。如果一頭鯨魚遇到麻煩,它發(fā)出的求救信號可能會促使其他鯨魚跟隨并擱淺。

PassageTwo

(1)【參考譯文】看到男主穿著他的新運動鞋跑得有多快了嗎?注意到女主角背上的沐浴露泡沫有多豐富嗎?這可能是因為生產(chǎn)這些產(chǎn)品的公司已經(jīng)向這些節(jié)目的制作者支付了大筆費用,以使他們的產(chǎn)品能被很好地描繪出來。讓被創(chuàng)造來銷售洗衣粉的最初肥皂劇產(chǎn)生的產(chǎn)品植入又回來了。

(2)【參考譯文】數(shù)字技術(shù)是原因。觀眾現(xiàn)在可以毫不費力地跳過廣告,所以以前為商業(yè)廣告而購買廣告時間的廣播電臺和公司,正在試圖找到更好的方法來引起人們的關(guān)注。產(chǎn)品植入是一個有前途的選擇,但它卻有爭議。盡管植入式廣告在美國被允許,但是在歐盟卻通常被禁止??紤]到可能危害廣播電臺的信用,歐洲的消費者組織反對產(chǎn)品植入。

(3)【參考譯文】但是,如果不知不覺地溜進人們大腦的廣告將被禁止,那么如今大量進行著的廣告將是不合法的。畢竟,轉(zhuǎn)過廣告牌的司機沒必要有意識地注視他們所見的廣告詞:他們經(jīng)常無意識地對廣告詞進行歸檔——因為,通過瀏覽這些廣告頁面,你可能很好地吸收這樣的概念,即一塊昂貴的手表或一部新的手機將以一些模糊但卻誘人的方式來改變你的生活。對于相信自己所看肥皂劇中字面真理的人而言,即使再多的監(jiān)管也不能讓他們免于來自自己本人的傷害。

17.單選題

Professionalphotographersgenerallyregardinadvertentsurrealisminaphotographasacurseratherthanablessing;magazinephotographers,inparticular,considerthemselves()totheextentthattheycan()itspresenceintheirphotographs.

問題1選項

A.skillful,enhance

B.inadequate,eliminate

C.original,demonstrate

D.fortunate,minimize

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞與動詞辨析。A選項skillful,enhance“熟練的;巧妙的”,“提高;加強;增加”;B選項inadequate,eliminate“不充分的,不適當?shù)摹?,“消除;排除”;C選項original,demonstrate“原來的;開始的;首創(chuàng)的,新穎的,創(chuàng)新的;原作的”,“證明;展示;論證”;D選項fortunate,minimize“幸運的;僥幸的;吉祥的;帶來幸運的”,“使減到最少;小看,極度輕視;最小化”。句意:一般而言,專業(yè)攝影家將攝影作品中由疏忽而致的超現(xiàn)實主義視作一種災(zāi)禍而非幸事;尤其是雜志攝影家,只要能在攝影作品中將它的存在減少到最低程度,他們便視自己為相當幸運的了。因此D答案正確。

18.單選題

Electricvehiclesarepotentialgamechangersintransportation,asectorwhich(

)largestshareofoilconsumption.

問題1選項

A.poses

B.assumes

C.represents

D.owes

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。pose意為“產(chǎn)生,提出,擺好姿勢”;assume意為“假定,認為”;represent意為“代表”;owe意為“欠,歸功于,應(yīng)給予”。

句意:電動汽車是交通運輸中潛在的游戲變革者,是占石油消費比重最大的部門。

19.翻譯題

Abstractionisanoldstorywiththephilosophers,butithasbeenlikeanewtoyinthehandsoftheartistsofourday.Whycan’twehaveanyonequalityofpoetrywechoosebyitself?Wecanhaveinthought.Thenitwillgohardifwecan’tinpractice.Ourlivesforit.

Granted,noonebutahumanistmuchcareshowsoundapoemisifitisonlyasound.Thesoundisthegoldintheore.Thenwewillhavethesoundoutaloneanddispensewiththeinessential.Wedotillwemakethediscoverythattheobjectinwritingpoetryistomakeallpoemssoundasdifferentaspossiblefromeachother.

Itshouldbeofthepleasureofapoemitselftotellhowitcan.Thefigureapoemmakes.Itbeginsindelightandendsinwisdom.Thefigureisthesameasforlove.Noonecanreallyholdthattheecstasyshouldbestaticandstandstillinoneplace.Itbeginsindelight,itinclinestotheimpulse,itassumesdirectionwiththefirstlinelaiddown,itrunsacourseofluckyevents,andendsinaclarificationoflife—notnecessarilyagreatclarification,suchassectsandcultsarefoundedon,butinamomentarystayagainstconfusion.Ithasdenouement.Ithasanoutcomethatthoughunforeseenwaspredestinedfromthefirstimageoftheoriginalmood—andindeedfromtheverymood.

【答案】【參考譯文】抽象對哲學(xué)家來說已是輕車熟路,但對當代藝術(shù)家們卻還是比較陌生。為什么我們不能把詩本身的特質(zhì)抽象出來呢?我們可以意會這種特質(zhì)的存在,但是如果我們不能實際找出這種特質(zhì),那么它是否存在可能就會成為一個問題。我們的生命向往那種特質(zhì)。

如果詩真的只是一種音律,我們認為只有古典文學(xué)愛好者才會關(guān)注它的完美。音律就像摻在礦石里的金子,我們只需把金子挑出,拋棄其他非必要之物。過去我們一直這樣認識,直到發(fā)現(xiàn)寫詩的目標竟然是盡量使得所有詩彼此不同。

如果一首詩本身能說明它的形成過程,這將是非常愉快的。這就是一首詩的思路歷程:它從愉悅的激情開始,以智慧的理性結(jié)束。這歷程同愛情一樣,沒有人能夠讓那種強烈的情感靜止于一點。它以愉悅的激情開始,趨向狂熱的沖動,追蹤著寫出第一行詩所設(shè)定的方向,經(jīng)歷一系列妙手偶得的過程,達到一個恬適寧靜的人生境界。并不需要宗教儀式里的那種莊嚴偉大,只要能片刻脫離塵世的紛擾。它有一個結(jié)束,它的結(jié)束雖難以預(yù)料但卻已由其最初展現(xiàn)的心情注定,的確是完全由原來心情確定。

20.單選題

Thistimehecouldaffordtomakenomistake:histeacherwasthere_______,watchingeverymove.

問題1選項

A.athiselbow

B.offhishand

C.onhisfeet

D.inhiseyes

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.athiselbow近在手邊,在身邊B.offhishand(getsth.offofone’shand把某物從某人手上甩掉)

C.onhisfeet站立著D.inhiseyes在他眼里

【答案】A

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞watchingeverymove,可知他不能再犯錯的原因是老師在關(guān)注他的一舉一動,athiselbow符合語境,也就是說老師就在旁邊,因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合語境。

【句意】這次他可不敢犯錯了:他老師就在他身邊,注視著他的一舉一動。

21.單選題

Althoughthereareplansto(

)additionalpensions,thiswillnotaffectanyoneretiringbefore1998andwillonlymarginallyaffectthoseretiringby2009.

問題1選項

A.breakdown

B.scaledown

C.boildown

D.narrowdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。breakdown“故障,分解”;scaledown“縮減”;boildown“歸結(jié)”;narrowdown“縮小范圍”。句意:盡管有計劃縮減額外退休金數(shù)額。選項B符合句意。

22.單選題

Ifoundthisveryprofitableindiminishingtheintensityofnarrow-mindedprejudice.

問題1選項

A.lessening

B.reflecting

C.removing

D.increasing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。diminish(其現(xiàn)在分詞為diminishing)“使減少;使變小”;A選項lessen(其現(xiàn)在分詞為lessening)“減少;使縮小,使減輕”;B選項reflect(其現(xiàn)在分詞為reflecting)“反映;反射;反省”;C選項remove(其現(xiàn)在分調(diào)為removing)“移動,遷移;調(diào)動”;D選項increase(其現(xiàn)在分詞為increasing)“增加,加大”。句意:我發(fā)現(xiàn)這對于減少狹隘的偏見非常有益。根據(jù)句中“veryprofitable非常有利可圖”與“theintensityofnarrow-mindedprejudice偏見的強度”可知diminish在這里的意思為“減少”,因此A選項正確。

23.單選題

Whenherealizedhehadbeen()tosignthecontractbyintrigue,hethreatenedtostartlegalproceedingstocanceltheagreement.

問題1選項

A.elicited

B.excited

C.deduced

D.induced

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:當他意識到自己上當欺騙,被

簽約時,他威脅說要通過法律程序終止協(xié)議。

elicit引出,探出;excite為……感到興奮;deduce推論,演繹;induce引誘,誘導(dǎo)。A項elicited雖然語義上符合句意,但是elicited形容主語時一般為主動形式,這里是被動,所以排除。

24.單選題

Sincethetwocountriescouldn’t(

)theirdifferences,theydecidedtodeclarewaroneachother.

問題1選項

A.resign

B.renew

C.recover

D.restore

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。resign“辭職,放棄”;renew“更新”;recover“恢復(fù)”;restore“恢復(fù),還原”。

句意:由于兩國不能放棄他們的不同之處,他們決定相互宣戰(zhàn)。選項A符合題意。

25.單選題

Theboardofthecompanyhasdecidedto()itsoperationtoincludeallaspectsoftheclothingbusiness.

問題1選項

A.extend

B.enlarge

C.expand

D.amplify

【答案】C

【解析】句意:公司董事會決定擴大經(jīng)營范圍,將服裝業(yè)務(wù)的各個方面都包括在內(nèi)。

考查動詞辨析。extend延伸;擴大(尤指時間或空間的延長);enlarge擴大(主要指面積或體積等的擴大);expand擴張;發(fā)展(指范圍、程度、體積和尺寸等方面的擴大或增加);amplify擴大;增強(常指聲音的擴大或電磁波的增強,也指補充了細節(jié)、詳述或擴大內(nèi)容等。)。根據(jù)后面的句意“將服裝業(yè)務(wù)的各個方面都包括在內(nèi)”可知C項正確。

26.單選題

Withkeen(

),convincingfactsandaglobalangle,theauthorvividlyrecordedabrilliantpageofthegreatChineserevolution.

問題1選項

A.inspection

B.intellectual

C.intention

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似詞辨析。inspection檢查,檢驗;intellectual智力的,有才智的;intention意圖;insight洞察力,洞悉。句意:通過敏銳的洞察力、有說服力的事實和全球化的視角,作者生動地記錄了中國革命偉大輝煌的一頁??崭裉帒?yīng)填一個名詞,首先排除B項。再根據(jù)句意可知D項最合適。答案D

27.單選題

Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydisputes(

).

問題1選項

A.beingsettled

B.tobesettled

C.hadsettled

D.assettled

【答案】D

【解析】【試題

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