書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.(10points)

Asindividuals,trademagazinereadersarebusy,concernedaboutsavingtime,anddelugedinformation.Chancesaregoodthattheywillskimmorethantheyread,andtheywill“read”manyarticlesbyselectingonlysectionsthatappealtothem.

Moreover,thereadershipofanymagazineconsistsofanassortmentofsubgroups.Thismaysoundlikeitcontradictswhatwehavesaidearlieraboutthenarrowfocusoftrademagazines.Butreallythereisnocontradiction:Sometrademagazines—“horizontal”or“functional”magazinesarecreatedspecificallytoembracediverseaudiencesofreaderswhoshareaparticularinterest.(TakeforexampleFolio,whichisreadbymagazineprofessionalsofalldisciplines—editorial,circulation,advertising,andproduction.)Buteveninthenarrowest“vertical”magazine,therewillbesubgroups.Attheveryleast,amagazinewillhavesubcategoriesbasedonexperience—beginnersseekingasecurefootinginthefield,secureprofessionalsseekingtoexpandtheiralreadysubstantialknowledge,andexpertswhowanttokeepcurrentonandlearnofnewdevelopments,butwhomayreadthemagazineasmuchtofindoutwhatpeopleinthefieldthinkorareworkingon.

Theseobservationsallleadtothesameconclusions:Wheneveryouwrite,youshouldassumethatmostofyouraudiencewillreadyourarticleinanalteredform.Somewillskim,takinginthegeneraloutlines,andpausinghereandtheretoabsorbdetails.Otherswillhuntdownisolatedfactsthatinterestthem.Stillotherswillreadyourstoryinadifferentorderthanyouintended,orwillattempttousethestoryinamanneratcrosspurposestoyourintention—treatingatechnicalarticleasaphonebookofinformationresources,orextractingintelligenceoncompetitorsfromaprofileofamajorsupplier.Nomatterhowtheyreadyourstory,yourreaderswillprobablybeworkingquickly.Theyneedinternalsummariesofmaterialtheymaynotreadinfull,andlabels—verbalortypographic—tohelpthemfindwhattheyarelookingfor.

【答案】【參考譯文】

另外，任何雜志的讀者群都可再分為數(shù)種各不相同的類型組。這聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能與前面所說(shuō)貿(mào)易雜志的目標(biāo)范圍通常較窄有矛盾，但事實(shí)上這并不矛盾：有些雜志，即所謂“垂直型”或“功能型”雜志，就是為形形色色卻有一特定興趣的讀者編的。（例如FOLIO雜志，就是為所有學(xué)科的雜志的專業(yè)編輯人員——寫(xiě)社論的、搞發(fā)行的、做廣告的、管印發(fā)的人——編的。）不過(guò)即使是最狹窄意義上的“垂直型”雜志，其讀者也還是能按類型分組的。至少，可以按經(jīng)驗(yàn)多少來(lái)區(qū)分雜志的讀者：初次涉獵者希望在該領(lǐng)域站穩(wěn)腳跟，專業(yè)有成者希望能拓展自己已經(jīng)相當(dāng)充分的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域，而專家們則希望緊跟形勢(shì)，了解最新進(jìn)展，同樣也想了解本領(lǐng)域其他人士在想什么，做什么。

2.單選題

Livingwitharoommate（

）constraintonher—shecouldn’tplayhertrumpetorhave

partieslateatnight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.imposed

B.illustrated

C.impressed

D.left

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。impose“強(qiáng)加”，imposeon意為“強(qiáng)加于……”；illustrate“闡明，解釋說(shuō)明，圖解”，后一般接動(dòng)詞by；impress“給予某人深刻印象”，impresson意為“給……留下印象”；left“留下，離開(kāi)”。句意：和室友住在一起使她很拘束——她不能吹喇叭，也不能在深夜參加聚會(huì)。選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境，表示無(wú)形中施加的一種壓力。

3.單選題

Itistimethattheworldcalleda（）tothemanufactureofnuclearweapons.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.interruption

B.pause

C.cease

D.halt

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:interruption“中斷；打斷”；B:pause“暫?！?；C:cease“終止”；D:halt“停止；阻止（停止某項(xiàng)事情的進(jìn)展）”。句意：現(xiàn)在是世界呼吁停止核武器的制造的時(shí)刻。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知D為正確答案。

4.單選題

Towriteasummaryeffectively,youwillneedto—（）wordsforphrases,phrasesforsentences,andgeneralentrancesforlistsofdetails.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.convert

B.complement

C.substitute

D.constitute

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。convert轉(zhuǎn)換,使轉(zhuǎn)變；complement補(bǔ)足，補(bǔ)助；substitute代替；constitute組成，構(gòu)成。substitutefor代替。句意：為了寫(xiě)好一篇摘要，你需要用單詞替代短語(yǔ)，用短語(yǔ)替代句子，用主旨替代細(xì)節(jié)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.翻譯題

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

Economistsdon’tforecastbecausetheyknow,theyforecastbecausethey’reasked.(36)Aquestionthatisincreasinglyputtothemiswhetherinflation,whichhasbeenremarkablyquiescentforyears,willspringasurprisein2016.Afterall,thedebttroublesthathaveweigheddownricheconomiessince2007arefading;labormarketsinAmerica,BritainandGermanyareincreasinglytight;housingmarketsaregatheringsteam;andtheFederalReservehasjustraisedinterestratesforthefirsttimeinalmostadecade.

InflationinAmericaandEuropeshouldindeedpickupfromitspresent,near-zerostateasthebigdeclinesinenergypricesattheturnof2015dropoutoftheheadlinerate.Butaglutinthesupplyofcrudemeansthatoilpricesarefallingagain.(37)Ifdebtisrecedingasaprobleminrichcountries,itloomslargerinemergingmarkets,whereovercapacitybroughtonbybinge（放縱、沉溺）borrowingexertsadownwardforceonprices.Thereisinflationincommodity-exportingcountries,suchasBrazil,whosecurrencieshavebeentrashed.Butglobalinflationisatug-ofwarbetweenbottlenecksinpartsoftherichworldandimporteddeflationfromemergingmarkets,andtheenduringfallorstagnationofpriceslookssettodominateforawhileyet.

StartwithSaudiArabia.Thefallingpriceofcrudeisinpartaconsequenceofitscommitment(reiteratedbyOPECministersonDecember4th)toproduceatfulltilt.TheideaistoflushouttheweakerproducersinAmerica’sshale-oilindustryandelsewhere.(38)Thisisprovingacostlygambit.SaudiArabianeedsabarrelofoiltofetcharound$85tofinancepublicspendingandaround$60tokeepitscurrentaccountinbalance.Yettheoilpricerecentlyfellbelow$36,toan11-yearlow,beforereboundingalittle.Americahassustainedoilproductionofabove9mbarrelsaday,despiteasharpfallinthenumberofoilrigs,suggestingthatshalefirmsarebecomingmoreefficient.

Oneoutcomefromcontinuedlow-flationwillbeincreasinglylopsidedeconomiesintherichworld,particularlyinAmerica,whererecoveryismoreadvancedthaninEurope.(39)Ifproductivitystaysasweakasithasbeenrecently,unemploymentislikelytofallstillfurther.Atthesametime,slowgrowthinemergingmarketsislikelytokeepdownwardpressureoncommoditypricesandontheircurrencies.AstrongdollarhasalreadydrivenawedgebetweentheperformanceofAmerica’smanufacturingandserviceindustries.FurtherappreciationwouldmakeitharderfortheFederalReservetopushthroughmoreincreasesininterestrates.

【答案】36.一個(gè)問(wèn)題越發(fā)常見(jiàn)：沉寂多年的通貨膨脹，會(huì)否在2016年突然爆發(fā)。畢竟，自從2007年以來(lái)，拖累經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的債務(wù)問(wèn)題正在消退；美國(guó)、英國(guó)和德國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)日趨緊張；房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)正蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)；最近美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)近十年來(lái)第一次提高利率。

37.如果發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的債務(wù)不再是一個(gè)問(wèn)題，那就會(huì)隱現(xiàn)在新興市場(chǎng)，過(guò)度借貸迫使價(jià)格下降而導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)力過(guò)剩。巴西等商品出口國(guó)出現(xiàn)了通貨膨脹，貨幣已經(jīng)貶值。但是全球通貨膨脹是部分發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的瓶頸期和新興市場(chǎng)的輸入型通貨緊縮之間的拉鋸戰(zhàn)，而持久的價(jià)格下跌或停滯看來(lái)還會(huì)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間。

38.事實(shí)證明，這是一個(gè)代價(jià)高昂的策略。沙特阿拉伯需要每桶石油賣85美元才能支撐公共支出，需要賣60美元才能維持收支平衡。然而，最近油價(jià)在回升之前跌破36美元，創(chuàng)11年新低。

39.如果生產(chǎn)力持續(xù)疲軟，失業(yè)率可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步下降。與此同時(shí)，新興市場(chǎng)的緩慢增長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)給大宗商品價(jià)格和貨幣帶來(lái)下行壓力。強(qiáng)勢(shì)美元已在美國(guó)制造業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)之間造成了裂痕。進(jìn)一步升值將使美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)更難推動(dòng)進(jìn)一步加息。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtwoparagraphsintoChinese,

Howmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetree?Newtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwondering.Hismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournals,buthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.

It’saroughworldoutthere.Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegslippingonyourdoormat.Lightupthestoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.Luckily,ifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarnofcoiningdisaster,asuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.Orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers’misfortunes.

【答案】

有多少人會(huì)考慮蘋(píng)果掉到樹(shù)上的可能性？牛頓這樣考慮過(guò)，是因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有試圖預(yù)測(cè)任何事情。他只是好奇。他的思想已準(zhǔn)備好應(yīng)付不可預(yù)測(cè)的事。不可預(yù)測(cè)性是研究本質(zhì)的一部分。如果沒(méi)有不可預(yù)測(cè)的事物，就沒(méi)有研究?？茖W(xué)家們?cè)跒閷I(yè)的期刊撰寫(xiě)枯燥的報(bào)告時(shí)更傾向于不去研究那些自己難以捉摸的事，但歷史上充滿了這樣的例子。

外面是一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的世界。如果你走到外面去，可能會(huì)滑倒在門(mén)墊上，摔傷一條腿。如果你點(diǎn)燃爐子，可能會(huì)把房子燒掉。幸運(yùn)的是，如果門(mén)墊或爐子沒(méi)有發(fā)出制造災(zāi)難的警告，一次成功的訴訟可能會(huì)補(bǔ)償你所受的損失。從20世紀(jì)80年代初，人們的想法就是這樣的了，那時(shí)候陪審團(tuán)認(rèn)為商家對(duì)消費(fèi)者的不幸應(yīng)該負(fù)擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任。

7.單選題

Undergraduatestudentshaveno

totherarebooksintheschoollibrary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.access

B.entrance

C.opportunity

D.path

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。accessto“接近，有權(quán)使用”。句意：本科生無(wú)法去圖書(shū)館使用里面的珍貴書(shū)籍。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

TheTacoma'sexecutivedirectorandthreeportcommissionerswillbeinChinanextweekto_______advicefromworldportexpertsonimprovinginlandtransportationsystems.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discriminate

B.disperse

C.differentiate

D.glean

【答案】D

【解析】discriminate歧視,區(qū)別；disperse（使）分散,疏散；differentiate區(qū)別,區(qū)分;glean收集。句意：塔科馬港執(zhí)行董事和三名港務(wù)專員將于下周訪問(wèn)中國(guó)，聽(tīng)取世界港口專家關(guān)于改善內(nèi)陸運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的建議。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsaswellasagreedconventions（

）thesewordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticularmessage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asthewaybywhich

B.bythewayinwhich

C.astothewayinwhich

D.inthewayofwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我們每個(gè)人都與我們所生活的社會(huì)分享著大量的詞匯以及約定的慣例，……這些詞匯排列組合起來(lái)后可以表達(dá)特定意義。后半句是對(duì)前半句中約定的慣例進(jìn)一步解釋，因此只有C選項(xiàng)“至于這種慣例（方式）”可將前后銜接起來(lái)。

10.單選題

PeoplesaythatJohnSmithisveryeccentric.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.neat

B.nervous

C.odd

D.proud

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE考查形容詞詞義辨析。題目中eccentric為“古怪的（人）；反常的”A選項(xiàng)為“整潔的；干凈的”；B選項(xiàng)為“神經(jīng)的；緊張不安的”；C選項(xiàng)為“古怪的；臨時(shí)的；奇數(shù)的”；D選項(xiàng)為“自豪的；得意的”。由句意可知，人們說(shuō)約翰斯密斯是個(gè)非常古怪的。因此，正確答案是C項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Thecompanycanconstantlymonitorthelevelofheatandenergyandadjust（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accordingly

B.basically

C.conventionally

D.subjectively

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)accordingly“相應(yīng)地”；B選項(xiàng)basically“基本地”；C選項(xiàng)conventionally“傳統(tǒng)地”；D選項(xiàng)subjectively“主觀地”。題干意思：公司可以不間斷地監(jiān)控?zé)崃亢湍茉吹闹笖?shù)，并且（）進(jìn)行調(diào)整。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.

Wedon'talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon'tmeananythingexcept“I'mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon'treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI'msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI'mfeeling."Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner."ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI'llbuy."Theownersays,"It'sbeenlikethatforyears."Actually,thestephasn'tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:"Idon'twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan'tyou?"Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedbyexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.

Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheoiliercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriend'sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosays"No”toaserialsofchargeslike“You'redumb.”“You'relazy,”and“You'redishonest,”mayalsosay“No”andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis“Andyou'regoodlooking.”

Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeen

nicetohaveyouover,”canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes.

1.“I'mlettingoffsomesteam”inparagraph2means（

）.

2.Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconversingpartners,if

（

）.

3.Thehouse-owner'sexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans

（

）.

4.Theword"ritualistically"inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.I'mjustcallingyourattention.

B.I'mjustkidding.

C.I'mjustsayingtheopposite.

D.I'mjustgivingoffsomesound.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideas

B.theybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelings

C.theytrytounderstandeachother'sideasbeyondwords

D.theyarecapableofassociatingmeaningwiththeirwords

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thestephasbeenlikethatforyears.

B.hedoesn'tthinkitnecessarytofixthestep.

C.theconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfault.

D.thecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbeshared.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.withouttrueintention

B.light-heartedly

C.inawayofceremony

D.withlessemphasis

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由“Wedon’talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexceptI’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.我們并不總是言出必行。有時(shí)候我們說(shuō)的話沒(méi)有任何意義，只是在發(fā)泄。我真的不希望你仔細(xì)聽(tīng)我說(shuō)的話。但是請(qǐng)注意我的感受。”可知B項(xiàng)“我在開(kāi)玩笑”正確。答案B。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段中的“Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.詞匯確實(shí)給我們提供了一些信息，但它的意義來(lái)自于如此多的其他來(lái)源，以至于過(guò)多依賴言語(yǔ)會(huì)阻礙我們與他人交流的有效性?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確，不能太依賴字面意思，而是要根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境去聯(lián)想，這樣才能增加交流的有效性。答案D

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由“Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:‘Idon’twanttofixit…’事實(shí)上，這個(gè)臺(tái)階已經(jīng)很多年來(lái)不是這樣的，但其中隱含的信息是：‘我不想把它修好……’”對(duì)應(yīng)可知B項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:詞義題。此題可以根據(jù)排除法來(lái)做。由“withemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.”可知這句話“如果你能來(lái)那真是太好了”可以用強(qiáng)調(diào)、興奮或儀式性的語(yǔ)氣說(shuō)出來(lái)?？上扰懦鼴、D項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有真正的意圖”也不符合。所以ritualistically意為儀式地。答案Ctically只可能與C項(xiàng)意思接近，答案C

13.單選題

Histhoughtswere（

）fromthispainfultopicbythesuddenarrivalofaneighbor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attracted

B.retracted

C.distracted

D.protracted

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。attract“吸引”；retract“撤銷，撤回”；distract“分散”；protract“延長(zhǎng)，伸出”。句意：以為鄰居的突然到來(lái)分散了他的對(duì)于痛苦主題的關(guān)注。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.單選題

SomereportersandcommentatorsindulgedindiscreetcriticismofshortcomingsinSovietlife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.harsh

B.intensive

C.cautious

D.rational

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.harsh殘酷的，嚴(yán)酷的B.intensive密集的

C.cautious小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的D.rational合理的，理性的，明智的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】discreet的意思為“（言行）謹(jǐn)慎的，考慮周到的”，用來(lái)形容criticism，指的是記者和評(píng)論員對(duì)蘇聯(lián)生活的批判是經(jīng)過(guò)周全考慮的，是謹(jǐn)慎的，cautious與之詞義相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】部分記者和評(píng)論員對(duì)蘇聯(lián)生活的缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了謹(jǐn)慎的批判。

15.翻譯題

AsianAmericans.AsiansintheUnitedStatesincludemanynationalities:AsianIndians,Chinese,Filipino,Japanese,Korean,Vietnamese,andother.AsianAmericanshavebeenheraldedasthenewest“hotethnicmarket”.Thedemographicssupportthisoptimisticoutlook.Asoftheyear2000,approximately11millionAsianswerelivingintheUnitedStates.By2025theU.S,CensusBureauhasprojectedthatnearly22millionAsianswillresidehere.Thoughthe2.4millionChinesearethelargestgroupofAsianslivingintheUnitedStates,AsianIndiansgrewthefastestduringthedecadefrom1990to2000,withthatpopulationdoublingandnowtotaling1.7millionintheUnitedStates.

AsianAmericansonaveragearebettereducated,havehigherincomes,andoccupymoreprestigiousjobpositionsthananyothersegmentofAmericansociety.ThemedianhouseholdincomeforAsianAmericansinonerecentyearwas$46,700comparedwithmedianincomesof$40,600,$30,300,and$25,900forwhites,HispanicsandAfricanAmericansrespectively.

ItisimportanttoemphasizethatjustasthereisnosingleblackorHispanicmarket,therecertainlydoesnotexistasingleAsianmarket.Moreover,unlikeotherethnicgroups,suchasHispanics,whoshareasimilarlanguage,AsianAmericansspeakavarietyofuniquelydifferentlanguages.AmongAsiannationalitiesthereareconsiderabledifferencesinproductchoicesandbrandpreferences.EvenwithineachnationalitytherearevariationsintermsofEnglishlanguageskillsandfinancialwell-being.Indeed,itisestimatedthatover50percentofallAsianAmericansovertheageof5donotspeakEnglishfluentlyandmanyare“l(fā)inguisticallyisolated”insofarastheyliveinhomeswherenoadultsspeakanyEnglish.

【答案】【參考譯文】亞裔美國(guó)人。在美國(guó)的亞洲人包括很多民族：印度人、中國(guó)人、菲律賓人、日本人、韓國(guó)人、越南人和其他民族。亞裔美國(guó)人一直被視為是最新的“熱門(mén)族裔市場(chǎng)”。人口統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)支持這一樂(lè)觀前景。截止2000年，大約有1100萬(wàn)亞洲人生活在美國(guó)。美國(guó)人口普查局預(yù)計(jì)，到2025年，將會(huì)有近2200萬(wàn)亞洲人居住在這里。雖然240萬(wàn)中國(guó)人是生活在美國(guó)的最大亞洲人群體，但亞裔印度人在1990年到2000年的十年間增長(zhǎng)最快，人數(shù)翻了一番，現(xiàn)在總計(jì)達(dá)到170萬(wàn)。

與美國(guó)社會(huì)的其他階層相比，亞裔美國(guó)人平均受教育程度更高，收入更高，占據(jù)著更有聲望的職位。亞裔美國(guó)人的中等家庭收入在最近的一年為4.67萬(wàn)美元，而相比之下的白人、西班牙裔和非洲裔美國(guó)人中等家庭的收入分別為4.06萬(wàn)美元、3.03萬(wàn)美元和2.59萬(wàn)美元。

需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，正如沒(méi)有單一的黑人或西班牙裔市場(chǎng)，當(dāng)然不存在一個(gè)單一的亞裔市場(chǎng)。此外，與其他民族不同，比如擁有類似語(yǔ)言的西班牙裔民族，亞裔美國(guó)人講著各種獨(dú)特不同的語(yǔ)言。亞裔各民族之間在產(chǎn)品選擇和品牌偏好上存在相當(dāng)大的差異。甚至在每個(gè)民族中，在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言技能和財(cái)務(wù)狀況方面也有不同。據(jù)估計(jì)，所有5歲以上的亞裔美國(guó)人中實(shí)際有50%以上的人不能流利地講英語(yǔ)，并且還有很多人是“語(yǔ)言上被孤立”，因?yàn)樗麄兩畹募彝ブ袥](méi)有人講英語(yǔ)。

16.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:YouareaskedtowriteaninvitationlettertoProfessorSmithatOxfordUniversitywhowillattendtheInternationalSymposium2017onEconomyandEnvironmentalProtection,whichwillbehostedbyyouruniversity.Hewillbeoneofthekey-notespeakers,andyoushouldprovidehimwiththenecessaryinformationaboutthissymposium:duration,accommodationandtransportation.

1)Thetitleshouldbe“AnInvitationLetter”.

2)Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

3)Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.

【答案】【參考范文】

AnInvitationLetter17.翻譯題

Buildingadegreeoftransportationandinventorycostambiguityintothesystemdesignwillallowonetoestimatehighandlowvaluesforthesecosts,withthecomfortthatcostswillcomeinbetweentheseworstandbestcases.Globalsourcingsystemsarealsodynamiccreatures,subjecttochangeandimprovementovertime.Itisessentialthattheperformanceofthesourcingsystembemonitoredbyallpartiestothepartnershiptomaintainitscommonfocus.Severaladditionalitemsshouldbeconsideredwheneverinternationalsourcingisanalternativeforafirm:possibleuseofchildlabor,changingtariffstructures,foreigntradezones,exportingforassemblyinbond,andcountertrade.

【答案】

在系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中建立一定程度的運(yùn)輸和庫(kù)存成本的模糊性，將可以估算出這些成本的高值和低值，而成本將會(huì)在這些最壞和最好的情況之間。全球采購(gòu)系統(tǒng)也是動(dòng)態(tài)的，隨著時(shí)間的推移會(huì)發(fā)生變化和改進(jìn)。至關(guān)重要的是，結(jié)為伙伴關(guān)系的各方都要對(duì)采購(gòu)系統(tǒng)的性能進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，以確保達(dá)成共識(shí)。當(dāng)國(guó)際采購(gòu)是公司的一種選擇時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮以下額外幾點(diǎn)：使用童工的可能性，變化的關(guān)稅結(jié)構(gòu)，外貿(mào)區(qū)，保稅出口組裝和補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易。

18.單選題

Thescientisthasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,（

）isofgreatimportancetoscience.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichIthink

B.whichIthinkit

C.ofwhichIthink

D.Ithinkwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。which指代先行詞discovery，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，Ithink作插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)放在其前面，因此選A。句意：這位科學(xué)家又有了一個(gè)了不起的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我認(rèn)為這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)這對(duì)科學(xué)很重要。

19.填空題

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithfivequestions.Afteryouhavereadthepassage,answereachquestioninEnglish.WritedownyouransweronANSWERSHEET.

Alanguageisasystemofsounds,gestures,orcharactersusedbyhumanstocommunicatetheirideasandfeelings.Thereareabout4,000spokenlanguagesintheworld.Somearespokenbymillionsofpeople.Otherlanguageshaveonlyafewspeakers.

Alllanguageshaverulesforformingwordsandfororderingthosewordsinsentences.Inwrittenlanguages,meaningisexpressedthroughasystemofcharactersandrulesforcombiningthosecharacters.Inspokenlanguages,meaningisexpressedthroughasystemofsoundsandrulesforcombiningthosesounds.Manydeafpeopleusesignlanguages,inwhichgesturesdotheworkofthesoundsystemofspokenlanguages.

WordorderismoreimportantinEnglishthanitisinsomeotherlanguages,suchasRussian.ThesoundsystemisveryimportantinChineseandinmanylanguagesspokeninWestAfrica.

Languagesarealwayschanging,buttheychangeveryslowly.Peopleinventnewwordsfortheirlanguage,borrowwordsfromotherlanguages,andchangethemeaningsofwordsasneeded.Forexample,theEnglishwordbytewasinventedbycomputerspecialistsin1959.TheEnglishwordtomatowasborrowedfromNahuat,anAmericanIndianlanguagespokeninMexico.TheEnglishwordmeatoncereferredtofoodingeneral.

Thereareseveralmajorlanguagefamiliesintheworld.Thelanguagesineachfamilyarerelated,andscientiststhinktheycamefromthesameparentfamily.Languagefamiliescomeindifferentsizes.TheAustronesianfamilycontainsatleast500languages,includingPilipino,Malay,andMaori.TheBasquelanguage,spokeninnorthernSpain,istheonlymemberofitslanguagefamily.

TheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilycontains55languages,includingEnglish,German,Spanish,Russian,andHindi.AnotherlanguagefamilyisSino-Tibetan,whichincludesChinese,Burmese,andTibetan.TheAfro-AsiaticfamilyincludesArabic,Hebrew,andAmharic.Thereareabout150AmericanIndianlanguagesspokentoday.Theselanguageshavemanydifferencesandhavebeendividedintomorethan50languagefamilies.

Peoplelearnlanguagesbylistening,copyingwhattheyhear,andusingthelanguage.Mostchildrenlearntheirfirstlanguageseasily,andsometimesotherlanguagesaswell.Adultsoftenmustworkharderatlearningasecondlanguage.

1.Howmanylanguagesarespokenallovertheworld?

2.Whatarethelanguagerulesfor?

3.Howismeaningexpressedinsignlanguage?

4.WhatismoreimportantinEnglishcomparedwithotherlanguages?

5.Whichlanguageistheonlymemberofitslanguagefamily?

【答案】1.About4,000spokenlanguages.

2.Formingwordsandorderingthosewordsinsentences.

3.Bygestures.

4.Wordorder.

5.TheBasquelanguage.

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Howmanylanguagesarespokenallovertheworld?1.世界上有多少種語(yǔ)言？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】第一段第二句提到“世界上大約有4000種語(yǔ)言”可知，答案為“大約4000種”。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Whatarethelanguagerulesfor?2.語(yǔ)言規(guī)則是什么？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“所有的語(yǔ)言都有構(gòu)詞和排列句子的規(guī)則”可知，語(yǔ)言規(guī)則是“構(gòu)詞和排列句子”。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Howismeaningexpressedinsignlanguage?3.如何用手語(yǔ)表達(dá)意思？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“許多聾人使用手語(yǔ)，在手語(yǔ)中，手勢(shì)起到了口語(yǔ)聲音系統(tǒng)的作用”可知，聾人通過(guò)手勢(shì)表達(dá)自己的意思。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhatismoreimportantinEnglishcomparedwithotherlanguages?4.與其他語(yǔ)言相比，英語(yǔ)中什么更重要？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第一句“詞序在英語(yǔ)中比在其他一些語(yǔ)言中更重要，比如俄語(yǔ)”可知，英語(yǔ)中詞序更重要。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Whichlanguageistheonlymemberofitslanguagefamily?5.哪一種語(yǔ)言是其語(yǔ)系的唯一成員？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第五段最后一句“西班牙北部使用的巴斯克語(yǔ)是該語(yǔ)系的唯一成員”可知，巴斯克語(yǔ)是其語(yǔ)系的唯一成員。

20.單選題

Nowadaysmoreandmorepeopleareinterestedinarrangingtimeforexercisesand（

）toreleasethestresscausedbythefastpaceandpressureoftheirlives.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.registration

B.illumination

C.mediation

D.meditation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。registration登記；掛號(hào)；illumination照明；闡明；mediation調(diào)解；調(diào)停；meditation冥想；沉思。句意：如今越來(lái)越多的人對(duì)安排時(shí)間鍛煉和冥想感興趣，為了釋放生活的快節(jié)奏所帶來(lái)的精神壓力。只有D項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.單選題

"Thislightistoo（）formetoreadby.Don'twehaveabrightbulbsomewhere?"saidtheelderlyman.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dim

B.slight

C.mild

D.minute

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。dim暗淡的，模糊的；slight輕微的，纖細(xì)的，脆弱的；mild溫和的，輕微的；minute微小的。句意：“這盞燈太暗了，我沒(méi)法看書(shū)?！蔽覀儾皇窃谑裁吹胤接幸粋€(gè)明亮的燈泡嗎?”老人說(shuō)。燈光昏暗用dim來(lái)形容，選項(xiàng)A正確。

22.單選題

Toavoidanoilshortage,weshouldadvocatethatmoremachinesmust（

）solarenergyinashorttime,andthismadeothersastonished.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accelerate

B.operate

C.generate

D.utilize

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Accelerate“加速”；operate“運(yùn)行”；generate“產(chǎn)生”；

Utilize“利用”。句意：為了避免石油不足，我們應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)機(jī)器使用太陽(yáng)能。這種想法讓其他人感到震驚。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

23.單選題

Hopehelps.Itkeepsusgoinginbleaktimesandamid（）news.Buthopehasmorecredibilitywhenwecanpointtothereasonforit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disheartened

B.disheartening

C.enlightening

D.enlightened

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。disheartening“使沮喪”；disheartened“沮喪的”；enlightening“使人領(lǐng)悟的”；enlightened“被啟發(fā)的”。根據(jù)題意，空格中的形容詞用來(lái)形容news，形容物體用-ing形式的形容詞，選項(xiàng)A，D可排除。句意：希望是有幫助的。在暗淡的時(shí)光和令人沮喪的消息中，能夠保持繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。但是希望更讓人信服，當(dāng)我們有理由去相信的時(shí)候。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

24.單選題

InMarch1974oneofthemostastonishingarchaeologicaldiscoveriesofthetwentiethcenturywasunearthedinthecountyofLintong,ShaanxiProvince.Anentirearmyoflife-sizedwarriorsandhorses,buriedformorethan2,200years,begantobeuncovered.Thesereplicashadbeenplacedintrenchesaroundthestill-unexcavatedtombofQinshihuang,theFirstEmperoroftheQinDynasty(221-207B.C.).Eachofthemanyhundredsoflife-sizedwarriorswasconstructedofbakedclayandpaintedwithavarietyofcolors.Mostwereobviouslyintendedasindividualportraits.

Theheadshapesofthesefiguresandtheexpressionsontheirfaceswere,moreorless,individualized,andsoeachmancouldbeidentifiedastohisplaceofregionalorigin.Thesquare-faced,broad-foreheaded,prominent-cheekbone,heavy-featured,big-mouthedandwide-cheekedonesweremodeledafternativesofcentralShaanxi.Theshorter,round-faced,sharp-chinned,andthin-lippedsoldiersweremodeledafterpersonsfromtheprovinceofSichuan.OtherswereclearlyfromGansu,andthereweresomewhoappearedtobemembersofvariousminoritiesinnorthwesternChina.Eachhaditsownhairdo:theoneswithlonghairhadthisknottedattherightsideoftheheadbecausetheQinpeopleesteemedtheright.

TothesurpriseofbothChineseandWesternarchaeologists,afewoftheclaysoldiersshowednon-Chinesecharacteristics,possiblybeingpersonsfromasfarawayasArabiaorPersia.ThiswasparticularlysurprisingbecauseithadlongbeenassumedthattherewerenopersonsfromoutsideChinalivingthereinsuchancienttimes.

Yetacenturylaterthehistoricalrecorddoesindicatelimitedcontactwithforeigners.ThereisonereportintheannalsoftheEasternHanDynasty(A.D.25-220)ofaRomanjugglerwhoarrivedinChinabywayofBurmainA.D.109,andanotherofthearrivalofanenvoyfromMacedoniaataboutthesametime.AndtheRomanhistorianLuciusAnnaeusFlorusmentionsthecomingofaChineseenvoytoRomeasearlyasthereignofAugustus(27B.C.-A.D.14).

ButextensivecontactsbetweenChinaandtheWestdidn'treallybeginuntilthenorthernSilkRoadwasgraduallydevelopedafter138B.C.Thisoverlandroutestartedatpresent-dayXi'anandpassedthroughthe

WesternCorridorbeyondtheYellowRiver,Xinjiang,Farghana(nowUzbekistan),Persia(Iran)andTajik(Iraq)whereitmetwesternboundaryoftheRomanEmpire.

FormorethanathousandyearsthisnorthernSilkRoadprovidedarouteforcaravansthatbroughttoChinadates,saffronpowderandpistachionutsfromPersia;glassbottlesfromEgypt,andmanyotherexpensiveanddesirablegoodsfromotherpartsoftheworld.Andthecaravanswenthomewiththeircamelsandhorsesloadeddownbyboltsofsilkbroca