書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)藥科大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ApaperpublishedinNatureinJulyfoundthatEstonia(愛(ài)沙尼亞)hadoneofthehighestratesofforestlossinEurope.TherehadbeenarapidincreaseinforestharvestingacrossmanyEuropeancountries,theauthorsofthestudyfound,whichseemedbroadlylinkedtoagrowingdemandforwoodproducts.

Worldwide,astheareacoveredbyforestshasdecreasedbymorethan440millionacressince1990,treeplantationshaveincreasedbymorethan300millionacres.Forestsareincreasinglybeingconvertedintoindustrialtreefields—andtinyEstoniahasbecomeapointedcasestudyinthisglobaltransformation.ThelossofforestscutsdeepintoEstonianhistoryandtradition.

TheEstonianCulturalAssociationlists80sacredsitesthathavebeenclearedbyindustrialloggers.Theyhavemapped1,200additionalsites,manyofwhichhavenoformalprotection,puttingthematriskofbeinglogged.Manyofthesitesareinold-growthforests,whichmakeupabout2percentofEstonia’sremainingforestcover.

Thereisdebateabouttheaccuracyofthemap;theEstonianHeritageConservationAgencyhasnotadoptedit.ButattheheartofEstonianculture,liestheideaoftheforestasanactivepresence,athinghumansdonotcreatebutrather“getoutofthewayof”.Therespectfornaturehereispowerful.

Asforeigninvestmentandlogisticalsupportpouredin,Estoniansdrivingthecountry’shighwaysbegantoseeharvestermachinesontheedgeoftheforests,pullingtreesoutlikegrass.Intheirplacehavecomeevenlyspacedrowsofpineandspruceplantedfortheglobalmarket,areplacementoftheforestwithsomethingfarsimplerandmoreprofitable,asEstonianecologistAskoLohmushassaid.

9.Accordingtothestudy,forestlossinEuropeappearedtobeassociatedwith____.

10.TheimpactofforestlossonEstonialiesmainlyin____.

11.WhydidtheEstoniaCulturalAssociationworry?

12.Thereasonforpinesandsprucesbeingplantedisthat____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reduceddeforestation

B.risingneedoftimber

C.deterioratingenvironment

D.attackingofinsects

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thenationaleconomy

B.theworkingopportunities

C.thebalanceofpoliticalforces

D.thehistoricalandculturalheritage

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausemorethanathousandsiteshavebeendestroyed.

B.Becausefarlessthanonetenthoftheold-growthforestremained

C.Becausemostoftheforesthasnotbeenofficiallypreserved.

D.Becausemanyloggerslosttheirjobsduetoforestloss.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyareenvironmentallyadapted

B.theyareeconomicallyefficient

C.theyrequirelesslandandwater

D.theyhaveshortergrowingperiod

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】9.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothestudy,forestlossinEuropeappearedtobeassociatedwith____.根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，歐洲的森林損失似乎與____有關(guān)。

A.reduceddeforestationA.減少森林砍伐

B.risingneedoftimberB.木材需求上升

C.deterioratingenvironmentC.環(huán)境惡化

D.attackingofinsectsD.昆蟲的攻擊

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞forestlossinEurope定位到原文第一段最后一句，該句提到“許多歐洲國(guó)家的森林采伐迅速增加，這似乎與對(duì)木材產(chǎn)品日益增長(zhǎng)的需求密切相關(guān)（linkedtoagrowingdemandforwoodproducts）?！庇纱丝芍?，B選項(xiàng)“木材需求上升”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“減少森林砍伐”，原文并未提及，根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷可知，減少森林砍伐有利于保護(hù)森林，而不是造成森林損失，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境惡化”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“昆蟲的攻擊”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

10.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheimpactofforestlossonEstonialiesmainlyin____.森林損失對(duì)愛(ài)沙尼亞（Estonia）的影響主要體現(xiàn)在____。

A.thenationaleconomyA.國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)

B.theworkingopportunitiesB.工作機(jī)會(huì)

C.thebalanceofpoliticalforcesC.政治力量的平衡

D.thehistoricalandculturalheritageD.歷史文化遺產(chǎn)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞forestloss和Estonia定位到原文第二段。本段最后一句提到“森林的消失深深影響著愛(ài)沙尼亞的歷史和傳統(tǒng)（cutsdeepintoEstonianhistoryandtradition）。”由此可知，森林損失對(duì)愛(ài)沙尼亞的影響主要體現(xiàn)在D選項(xiàng)“歷史文化遺產(chǎn)”上。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)”，原文雖然提到森林損失與木材需求上升有關(guān)，但因此認(rèn)為森林損失對(duì)愛(ài)沙尼亞的影響主要體現(xiàn)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)上，理由并不充分，該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推理；

B選項(xiàng)“工作機(jī)會(huì)”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“政治力量的平衡”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

11.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhydidtheEstoniaCulturalAssociationworry?愛(ài)沙尼亞文化協(xié)會(huì)為什么會(huì)擔(dān)心？

A.Becausemorethanathousandsiteshavebeendestroyed.A.因?yàn)橛幸磺Ф嗵幍刂繁粴А?/p>

B.Becausefarlessthanonetenthoftheold-growthforestremainedB.因?yàn)楸Ａ粝聛?lái)的原始森林遠(yuǎn)少于十分之一。

C.Becausemostoftheforesthasnotbeenofficiallypreserved.C.因?yàn)榇蟛糠稚譀](méi)有得到官方的保護(hù)。

D.Becausemanyloggerslosttheirjobsduetoforestloss.D.因?yàn)樵S多伐木工由于森林損失而失去了工作。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞EstoniaCulturalAssociation定位到原文第三段。本段第二句提到“他們又繪制了1200個(gè)地點(diǎn)，其中很多都沒(méi)有正式的保護(hù)措施（manyofwhichhavenoformalprotection），使它們面臨被砍伐的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”由此可知，大部分的森林還沒(méi)有受到正式的保護(hù)，面臨被砍伐的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榇蟛糠稚譀](méi)有得到官方的保護(hù)”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)橛幸磺Ф嗵幍刂繁粴А保啥ㄎ坏皆牡谌蔚谝痪?，該句提到“?ài)沙尼亞文化協(xié)會(huì)列出了80個(gè)被工業(yè)伐木工清除的圣地。”由此可知，被毀的地址是80個(gè)，而不是一千多處，原文一千多處是他們另外繪制的一些地址，不是被毀的森林地址，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楸Ａ粝聛?lái)的原始森林遠(yuǎn)少于十分之一”，可定位到原文第三段最后一句，該句提到“許多遺址位于原始森林中，這些森林大約占愛(ài)沙尼亞剩余森林覆蓋面積的2%”，由此可知，原文是說(shuō)，愛(ài)沙尼亞現(xiàn)存的原始森林，占森林覆蓋面積的2%，而不是說(shuō)只有2%的原始森林保留下來(lái)了，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵S多伐木工由于森林損失而失去了工作”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

12.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thereasonforpinesandsprucesbeingplantedisthat____.種植松樹和云杉的原因是____。

A.theyareenvironmentallyadaptedA.它們能適應(yīng)環(huán)境

B.theyareeconomicallyefficientB.它們有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益

C.theyrequirelesslandandwaterC.它們需要更少的土地和水

D.theyhaveshortergrowingperiodD.它們生長(zhǎng)周期更短

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞pinesandspruces定位到原文最后一段。本段最后一句提到“愛(ài)沙尼亞生態(tài)學(xué)家AskoLohmus說(shuō)，取而代之的是為全球市場(chǎng)種植的一排排均勻分布的松樹和云杉，是更簡(jiǎn)單、更有利可圖的森林（somethingfarsimplerandmoreprofitable）?！庇纱丝芍?，種植松樹和云杉主要是為了謀取更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，B選項(xiàng)“它們有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益”最符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它們能適應(yīng)環(huán)境”，原文雖然提到了它們更簡(jiǎn)單，但是無(wú)從得知是否是更能適應(yīng)環(huán)境，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“它們需要更少的土地和水”，原文雖然提到了它們更簡(jiǎn)單，但是無(wú)從得知是否是因?yàn)樗鼈冃枰俚耐恋睾退?，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“它們生長(zhǎng)周期更短”，原文雖然提到了它們更簡(jiǎn)單，但是無(wú)從得知是否是因?yàn)樗鼈兩L(zhǎng)周期更短，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.單選題

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:“Areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?”TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey’rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants’impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestressthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation’sfearsandinsecurities.There’ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren’tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat’sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration’simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers—meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers’savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%from1980to2000.

Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants’accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected—say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents—theimpactisn’tallthatdramatic.“Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon.“Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone.”Toobadmostpeopledon’trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebatedoverimmigration?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit’sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudge.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Eveneconomistscan’treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey’rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.絕大多數(shù)美國(guó)民眾認(rèn)為移民是有害的。然而，大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的共識(shí)是，無(wú)論是合法的還是非法的移民，都對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)有小小的促進(jìn)作用。”可知公眾與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家就移民是好還是壞有不同的看法。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes，andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.移民提供了廉價(jià)的勞動(dòng)力，降低了從農(nóng)產(chǎn)品到新住房等一切商品的價(jià)格，讓消費(fèi)者口袋里多了一些錢?！笨芍泼窠o普通美國(guó)人帶來(lái)的好處是：降低了物價(jià)，使他們手中能有多一些錢。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題.由題干關(guān)鍵詞“nativelow-skilledworkers”定位到第三段倒數(shù)一、二句“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%from1980to2000.本地的低技能工人在與外國(guó)勞工的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中受害最深。根據(jù)哈佛大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家GeorgeBorjas的一項(xiàng)研究，從1980年到2000年，移民使美國(guó)高中輟學(xué)生的工資下降了9%?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“他們很難找到一份薪水體面的工作”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.換句話說(shuō)，他們最擔(dān)心的是移民帶來(lái)的財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“它會(huì)給國(guó)家預(yù)算帶來(lái)很大壓力”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected—say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents—theimpactisn’tallthatdramatic.具有諷刺意味的是，盡管所有的爭(zhēng)論都過(guò)于激烈，移民的凈影響卻微乎其微。即使對(duì)那些受影響最嚴(yán)重的人——比如，低技能工人或加州居民——影響也不那么顯著?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)影響不大的事情大驚小怪”正確，即人們對(duì)于移民的影響過(guò)于大驚小怪。

3.單選題

Thefamousinventorwasawardedan（）_doctoratebytheuniversity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.honorary

B.honorable

C.honored

D.honorific

【答案】A

【解析】形近異義詞辨析。honorary“榮譽(yù)的”；honorable“可敬的”；honored“受尊敬的”；honorific“表示敬意的”。句意：這位著名的發(fā)明家被這個(gè)大學(xué)授予了榮譽(yù)的博士學(xué)位。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Maryisfinegirleventhoughshe'ssometimesabruptinmanner.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.devious

B.brusque

C.shrew

D.irritable

【答案】B

【解析】句意：瑪麗是個(gè)好女孩，雖然她有時(shí)舉止粗魯。abrupt意為“生硬的，唐突的，粗魯?shù)?。Devious偏僻的，彎曲的；brusque唐突的，直率的，無(wú)禮的；shrew潑婦，悍婦；irritable急躁的，易怒的。選項(xiàng)B與之意思最為相近。

5.單選題

Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructure,designedtobeplayed—exactlyaswritten—onthepiano.AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliams,EdvardGrieg,andAntonDvorakwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneerragtimecomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandlamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologists,collectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags.

Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.

Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteenth-barstrains,oftenorganizedwithrepeats.Theragopenswithabright,memorablestrainortheme,followedbyasimilartheme,leadingtoatrioofmarkedlyricalcharacter,withthestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner,endingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.

Typically,eachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalike,sotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.Therefore,themesmustbebriefwithclear,sharpmelodicfigures.Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass—inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.

Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstrumentalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythms,nottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofjazz.Asagenre,ragtimerequiresstrictattentiontostructure,notinventivenessorvirtuosity.Itexistsasatradition,asetofconventions,abodyofwrittenscores,separatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.

1.Accordingtothepassage,eachofthefollowingisacharacteristicofragtimecompositionsthatfollowtheclassicragtimeformulaEXCEPT（

）.

2.Theauthorrejectstheargumentthatragtimeisamechanicalmusicbecausethatargument

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheessentialnatureofragtimehasbeenobscuredbycommentariesbasedon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingismostnearlyanalogousinsourceandartisticcharactertoaragtimecompositionasdescribedinthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.syncopation

B.abasslinedistinctfromthemelodicline

C.risingrhythmic-melodicintensity

D.fulldevelopmentofmusicalthemes

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.improperlyidentifiescommercialragtimemusicwiththesubtlerclassicragtimestyle.

B.doesnotaccuratelydescribethesoundofragtimepianolamusic.

C.confusesthemeansofrecordingandtheessentialcharacterofthemusic.

D.exaggeratestheinfluenceoftheperformancestyleofprofessionalragtimeplayersonthereputationofthegenre.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thewayragtimemusicwasfirstrecorded

B.themusicalsourcesusedbyScottJoplinandJamesScott

C.thedancefashionsthatwerecontemporaryragtime

D.earlyreviewers’accountsofcharacteristicstructure

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Symphonicmusicderivedfromcomplexjazzmotifs.

B.Anexperimentalnovelbasedonwell-knowncartooncharacters.

C.Adramaticproductioninwhichactorsinventscenesandimproviselines.

D.Aballetwhosedisciplinedchoreographyisbasedonfolk-dancesteps.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)的是根據(jù)這篇文章，除了哪一項(xiàng)外，下面的每一個(gè)都是拉格泰姆作品的一個(gè)特征？題干問(wèn)的是根據(jù)這篇文章，除了哪一項(xiàng)外，下面的每一個(gè)都是拉格泰姆作品的一個(gè)特征？定位到第四段中Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass~inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.拉格泰姆作曲家不關(guān)心音樂(lè)主題的發(fā)展，而是完整地、完整地設(shè)定一個(gè)主題，并把它與各種相關(guān)的主題聯(lián)系起來(lái)。拉格泰姆樂(lè)曲的張力來(lái)自于兩種基本元素之間的對(duì)立:鋼琴師左手彈連續(xù)低音(爵士音樂(lè)家稱之為“boom-chickbass”)和右手彈有旋律的切分低音?？芍狣項(xiàng)“音樂(lè)主題的全面發(fā)展”不是拉格泰姆作曲的特點(diǎn)，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“切分音”和B項(xiàng)“與旋律線不同的低音線”，C項(xiàng)“旋律強(qiáng)度不斷上升”這段均有提及。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.有時(shí)有人指責(zé)拉格泰姆是機(jī)械的。例如，威爾弗雷德?米勒斯評(píng)論道，“拉格泰姆被轉(zhuǎn)移到自動(dòng)鋼琴上，即使不是機(jī)器演奏，也應(yīng)該像機(jī)器演奏一樣具有細(xì)致的精確度?！比欢?，我們沒(méi)有理由僅僅因?yàn)樯虡I(yè)制造者對(duì)拉格泰姆音樂(lè)使用了機(jī)械錄音的方法（這是當(dāng)時(shí)記錄鋼琴演奏的唯一方法）就認(rèn)為拉格泰姆本身就是機(jī)械的。拉格泰姆音樂(lè)不是機(jī)械的精度，也不局限于精度的表現(xiàn)風(fēng)格。它源于拉格泰姆遵循的一種定義明確的形式，并在該形式中遵循簡(jiǎn)單的規(guī)則?？芍狢項(xiàng)“混淆了錄音的手段和音樂(lè)的本質(zhì)特征”正確。D項(xiàng)“夸大了專業(yè)的拉格泰姆音樂(lè)演奏者表演風(fēng)格對(duì)這種音樂(lè)流派的影響”，A項(xiàng)“錯(cuò)誤地將商業(yè)拉格泰姆音樂(lè)與更微妙的古典拉格泰姆風(fēng)格區(qū)分開來(lái)”；B項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)確地描述拉格泰姆鋼琴音樂(lè)的聲音”；文中均未提及，故答案C

3.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)：從文中可推斷出拉格泰姆音樂(lè)的本質(zhì)被基于什么基礎(chǔ)上的評(píng)論所遮蔽？定位到第二段中“However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.然而，沒(méi)有理由僅僅因?yàn)樯虡I(yè)制造商對(duì)拉格泰姆使用了一種機(jī)械錄音方法，就認(rèn)為拉格泰姆本身就是機(jī)械的，這是當(dāng)時(shí)唯一一種錄制鋼琴的方法?！笨芍捎诶裉┠酚昧艘环N機(jī)械錄音法，故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)：下列哪一項(xiàng)在來(lái)源和藝術(shù)特征上與文中描述的拉格泰姆樂(lè)曲最為相似?A項(xiàng)“從復(fù)雜的爵士主題中衍生出來(lái)的交響樂(lè)。”；B項(xiàng)“一部以著名卡通人物為原型的實(shí)驗(yàn)性小說(shuō)”；C項(xiàng)“演員們創(chuàng)造場(chǎng)景并即興創(chuàng)作臺(tái)詞的一種戲劇作品”；D項(xiàng)“以民間舞蹈為基礎(chǔ)的有紀(jì)律的舞蹈編排的芭蕾舞”。定位到第三段中“Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner拉格泰姆結(jié)構(gòu)的目的是要以階梯狀的方式從一個(gè)主題上升到另一個(gè)主題······與最后一段中“Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，拉格泰姆音樂(lè)更像是十九世紀(jì)的民間音樂(lè)，而不是爵士樂(lè)。由此對(duì)應(yīng)可推知有“folk-dancesteps民間舞蹈步伐”的D項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Itisacommonthemeinmanysciencefictionstoriesthattheworldmayonedaybe（）byinsects.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokenin

B.runover

C.takenover

D.filledin

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)breakin“打斷，闖入”，B項(xiàng)runover“碾過(guò)，匆匆看”，C項(xiàng)takeover“接管，接收”，D項(xiàng)fillin“填寫，填充”。根據(jù)句子意思“這是許多科幻故事的共同主題，世界可能有一天被昆蟲（）”，把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入，只有C項(xiàng)最符合句意。句意：這是許多科幻故事的共同主題，世界可能有一天被昆蟲占領(lǐng)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Thetutortellstheundergraduatethatonecanacquire（）inaforeignlanguagethroughmorepractice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proficiency

B.efficiency

C.efficacy

D.frequency

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)proficiency“精通，熟練”；B選項(xiàng)efficiency“效率，效能，功效”；C選項(xiàng)efficacy“功效，效力”；D選項(xiàng)frequency“頻率，頻繁”。句意：導(dǎo)師告訴本科生，通過(guò)多練習(xí)，可以_____一門外語(yǔ)。這里表達(dá)的意思是“熟練地掌握一門外語(yǔ)”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Nowadaysalargenumberofpeoplebuy______Christmastreesinsteadofrealones.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.false

B.fake

C.sham

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)false“錯(cuò)誤的”，指因缺失而補(bǔ)上的替代物，有時(shí)也指?jìng)窝b的；B選項(xiàng)fake“假的”，指沒(méi)有價(jià)值的冒牌貨或代用品；C選項(xiàng)sham“假裝的”，指可以以假亂真的東西；D選項(xiàng)artificial“仿造的”，指模仿天然材料由人工制造的東西。句意：現(xiàn)在很多人買人造圣誕樹而不是真的圣誕樹。本句表示人造的圣誕樹。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

1.Themanwhoselifeiscenteredaroundproducing,sellingandconsumingcommoditiestransformshimselfintoacommodity.Hebecomesincreasinglyattractedtothatwhichisman-madeandmechanical,ratherthantothatwhichisnaturalandorganic.Manymentodayaremoreinterestedinsportscarsthaninwomen;ortheyexperiencewomenasacarwhichonecancausetoracebypushingtherightbutton.2.Altogethertheyexpecthappinessisamatteroffindingtherightbutton,nottheresultofaproductive,richlife,alifewhichrequiresmakinganeffortandtakingrisks.Intheirsearchforthebutton,somegotothepsychoanalyst,somegotochurchandsomeread“self-help”books.Butwhileitisimpossibletofindthebuttonforhappiness,themajorityaresatisfiedwithpushingthebuttonsofcameras,radios,televisionsets,andwatchingsciencefictionbecomingreality.

Oneofthestrangestaspectsoftheirapproachtolifeisthewidespreadlackofconcernaboutthedangeroftotaldestructionbynuclearweapons?Apossibilitypeopleareconsciouslyawareof.3.Theexplanation,Ibelieve,isthattheyaresofrightenedofthepossibilityoftheirpersonalfailureandhumiliationthattheiranxietyaboutpersonalmatterspreventthemfromfeelinganxietyaboutthepossibilitythateverybodyandeverythingmaybedestroyed.Perhapstotaldestructionisevenmoreattractivethantotalinsecurityandnever-endingpersonalanxiety.

AmIsuggestingthatmodernmanisdoomedandthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenthcentury“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.4.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandthefulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】1.以生產(chǎn)、銷售、消費(fèi)商品為中心的男人把自己也轉(zhuǎn)化為一種商品了。他對(duì)人造的、機(jī)械的東西越來(lái)越感興趣，對(duì)天然的、有機(jī)的東西卻無(wú)動(dòng)于衷。如今，許多男人對(duì)跑車的癡迷超過(guò)了對(duì)女人的癡迷，或者把女人當(dāng)作只要按對(duì)按鈕就會(huì)奔馳的汽車。

2.總而言之，他們認(rèn)為幸福是個(gè)找對(duì)按鈕的問(wèn)題，而不是源自碩果累累、豐富多彩、需要付出努力和承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的生活。在尋找按鈕的過(guò)程中，有些人去找心理分析學(xué)家；有些人去做禮拜；還有一些人去讀“自助”書籍。不過(guò)他們雖然找不到賜予幸福的按鈕，但大多數(shù)人滿足于按收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)和照相機(jī)的按鈕，滿足于看著科幻小說(shuō)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。

3.我認(rèn)為，可以這樣解釋：他們非常擔(dān)心會(huì)遭遇個(gè)人的失敗并蒙受羞辱。由于他們對(duì)個(gè)人問(wèn)題感到憂慮，這就妨礙他們對(duì)所有的人和所有的東西可能會(huì)遭到毀滅感到憂慮。也許徹底的毀滅比十分的不安和個(gè)人永無(wú)休止的憂慮更有吸引力。

4.想通過(guò)倒退到人們已經(jīng)走過(guò)的階段來(lái)解決問(wèn)題是永遠(yuǎn)行不通的。我建議改造我們的社會(huì)制度，將其從一個(gè)官僚機(jī)構(gòu)管理下的工業(yè)化社會(huì)體制轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)人本主義的工業(yè)化社會(huì)體制。在前一種體制中，最高產(chǎn)量和最高消費(fèi)為主要目的；在后一種體制中，一切社會(huì)活動(dòng)的目的都是為了人，為了使人的各種潛力——愛(ài)的潛力和運(yùn)用理性的潛力——獲得充分的發(fā)展。

10.單選題

Inthe19thcenturyitwascommontohearpeopleinEuropeandAmericasaythattheresourcesoftheseawereunlimited.Forexample,a（1）biologistwritinginthemid1800scommentedthatallofthegreatseafisheriesare（2）.Todaythere'sevidencethattheresourcesoftheseaareasseriouslythreatenedas（3）ofthelandandtheairandtheconcernofconservationistsnowincludesherringandcod（4）theAfricanelephant,theIndiantigerandtheAmericaneagle.（5）,thethreattofishismorealarminginsomewaysthanthethreattobirdsandlandanimalsbecausefishareamuch-neededfoodresource.Manypeoplethroughouttheworlddependonfishasanimportantpartoftheirdietsanda（6）inthefishsupplycouldhave（7）effects（8）hungerandpopulation.FishermenintheN.Atlanticaloneannually（9）20billionpoundsoffish（10）fooddemands.Butitisimportanttorecognizethatthesepracticescannotcontinuewithoutdepletingfishresourceswithinthenextfewyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.noteworthy

B.noted

C.noticeable

D.notifying

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.inexhaustible

B.inexhausted

C.exhaustible

D.exhausted

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.it

C.which

D.those

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.butalso

B.and

C.aswellas

D.with

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Furthermore

B.Nevertheless

C.More

D.However

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.increase

B.decline

C.decree

D.increment

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.expositive

B.expansive

C.extensive

D.excessive

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.on

C.for

D.in

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.harvest

B.buy

C.ask

D.raise

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.toinsure

B.tosatisfy

C.toignore

D.tocomplete

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

【解析】（1）形近詞辨析。noteworthy顯著的；noted著名的；noticeable顯而易見(jiàn)的,明顯的；notifying為名詞,意為通知。根據(jù)原文可知,這里修飾人,只有選項(xiàng)B正確。

（2）inexhaustible無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的；inexhausted未用盡的；exhaustible用盡的；exhausted耗盡的。上文提到海洋的資源是無(wú)盡的,這里是舉例說(shuō)明,所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（3）根據(jù)原文句意可知,此處缺少land的賓語(yǔ)。those指代上句提到的resources。這里是把海洋,陸地和空中的資源進(jìn)行對(duì)比。所以選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

（4）herring,cod和后面的Africanelephant等屬于并列關(guān)系,所以選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

（5）上一句提到了“threat”,這一句依然講的是“threat”,所以這里是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

（6）根據(jù)定冠詞a可首先排除選項(xiàng)A和D；根據(jù)句意可知是供應(yīng)減少,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（7）extensiveeffects為常用的搭配,意為廣泛的影響,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（8）對(duì)...產(chǎn)生影響用介詞on,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（9）根據(jù)句意可知,這里指收獲200億磅的魚,選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

（10）satisfydemands為常用搭配,意為“滿足需求”。選項(xiàng)B正確。

11.單選題

It’sapitythatweshouldstayathomewhenwehave（

）weather.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sofine

B.suchfine

C.suchafine

D.sofinea

【答案】B

【解析】考查so與such的用法。weather是不可數(shù)名詞，such+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

12.單選題

Hackersneverwerepartofthemainstreamestablishment,buttheircurrentreputationasvillainsofcyberspaceisafarcryfromtheearlydayswhen,firstandforemost,theywereseenasardentifquirkyprogrammers,capableofnear-miraculous,unorthodoxfeatsofmachinemanipulation.Buttheshiftinpopularperceptiontohackersasdeviantsandcriminalsisimportantnotonlybecauseitaffectsthehackersthemselvesandtheextraordinaryculturethathasgrownaroundthem,butbecauseitreflectsshiftsinthedevelopment,governance,andmeaningofthenewinformationtechnology.

InHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolution,StevenLevytracestherootsofevolvinghackercommunitiestotheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinthelate1950s.Here,coremembersoftheTechModelRailroadClub“discovered”computersfirstasatoolforenhancingtheirbelovedmodelrailroadsandthenasobjectsofpassionintheirownright.TheyturnedtheirconsiderablecreativeenergiestothetaskofbuildingandprogrammingMIT'searlymainframesinuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistencewithformalemployeesoftheuniversity'stechnicalstaff.

Formidableprogrammers,thesehackersproducedanddebuggedcomputercodesatanastonishingrate.Theyhelpeddevelophardwareandsoftwareforexistingcomputerfunctionsandinventednovelalgorithmsandapplicationsthatwereincorporatedintosubsequentgenerationsofcomputers.Thesenovelfunct