書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南工程職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ifacatcomestooclosetoitsnest,themockingbird_______asetofactionstoprotectitsoffspring.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hastens

B.releases

C.devises

D.initiates

【答案】D

【解析】hastens加速,催促;releases釋放,放松;devises設(shè)計(jì),想出;initiates發(fā)起,開(kāi)始。句意：如果一只貓離知更鳥(niǎo)的巢太近,它就會(huì)采取一系列行動(dòng)來(lái)保護(hù)它的后代。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThenecessitytobeaPA

B.HerloveforthepositionofPA

C.HerjourneytobeingaPA

D.ThehardshipshesufferedforbeingaPA

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.HerfamilyencouragedhertochoosePA

B.ShedidhaveinterestinPA

C.Physicaltherapyisnotaccessibletoher

D.ItiseasierforhertobeaPA

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Sheshouldacquireamaster'sdegree

B.SheneededtostudyOrganicChemistry

C.ShehadtohavetheexperienceinAnatomy

D.Sheshouldpreparesomematerialsshedidn'thave

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

【解析】第1題:本文說(shuō)到的是說(shuō)話人成為PA的經(jīng)歷，因此C選項(xiàng)“HerjourneytobeingaPA”正確。

第2題:說(shuō)話者說(shuō)到了成為醫(yī)生助理的原因：IlookedmoreintothePAroutebecauseIwasreallyinterestedinit（我更多地關(guān)注了PA路線，因?yàn)槲艺娴暮芨信d趣）。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:文中說(shuō)到“IstillneededsomelearninginsubjectslikeorganicchemistryandanatomiesandstuffthatIdidn'thave（我還需要學(xué)習(xí)一些學(xué)科，比如有機(jī)化學(xué)和解剖學(xué)，還有一些我沒(méi)有學(xué)過(guò)的東西）”，對(duì)比信息，可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Hehasimpressedhisemployersconsiderablyand（）heissoontobepromoted.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nevertheless

B.accordingly

C.yet

D.eventually

【答案】B

【解析】考查邏輯連詞。A選項(xiàng)nevertheless“然而，不過(guò)”；B選項(xiàng)accordingly“因此，于是，相應(yīng)地”；C選項(xiàng)yet“然而”；D選項(xiàng)eventually“最終”。根據(jù)句意“他給雇主留下了非常深刻的印象，因此他很快就會(huì)得到晉升”。這里是表示遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.單選題

Sincehisinjurywasserious,thedoctorsuggestedthathe（）inthegame.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didnotplay

B.mustnotplay

C.notplay

D.nottoplay

【答案】C

【解析】suggest表建議時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.單選題

（）itshotsunandbeautifulbeaches,Hawaiiisafineplacetoliveinortovisit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.For

C.From

D.With

【答案】D

【解析】空格后面的“itshotsunandbeautifulbeaches”是一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ),因此不能用連詞,連詞是用于句子與句子之間的連接的,所以這里應(yīng)用介詞with,意為“憑借”。選項(xiàng)D正確。

6.翻譯題

Theexpresswayisnotonlyabridgeleadingacountryintomodernization,butalsoanessentialconditionforthedevelopmentofmoderntransportation.Inrecentyears,China’sexpresswayshaveexperiencedaflourishingdevelopment,withatotalmileageof96,000kilometersby2012,rankingthesecondintheworld.Thetotalmileagewillreach108,000kilometersaftertheconstructionofthenationalexpresswaynetworkiscompleted.Bythen,over90%ofthecitieswithanurbanpopulationofmorethan200,000willhavebeencovered.Expresswayscreatenewdevelopmentopportunitiesandspaceforroadtransportation,addingvitalitytotheeconomictake-offalongtheway.Nowadays,ithasbecomeoneofthemostimportantfactorsindrivingthedomesticdemandandfuellingtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy.

【答案】高速公路是一個(gè)國(guó)家走向現(xiàn)代化的橋梁，也是發(fā)展現(xiàn)代交通業(yè)的必要條件。近幾年，中國(guó)高速公路蓬勃發(fā)展，截止到2012年，中國(guó)高速公路的總里程已經(jīng)達(dá)到9.6萬(wàn)公里，位居世界第二。國(guó)家高速公路網(wǎng)建成后，通車?yán)锍虒⑦_(dá)10.8萬(wàn)公里，屆時(shí)將覆蓋超過(guò)90%的擁有20萬(wàn)以上城鎮(zhèn)人口的城市。高速公路為道路運(yùn)輸創(chuàng)造了新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇和空間，也為沿線的經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛增添了活力?，F(xiàn)在，它已成為拉動(dòng)內(nèi)需、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的重要因素之一。

7.單選題

Theelegantdecorations（）thegymintoastarlitballroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transplanted

B.transferred

C.transcended

D.transformed

【答案】D

【解析】transplant移植,遷移；transfer轉(zhuǎn)讓,移交；transcend勝過(guò),超越；transform改變,轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：優(yōu)雅的裝飾把體育館變成了星光燦爛的舞廳。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

8.單選題

Despitethegeneralnegativefindings,itisimportanttorememberthatallchildrenwholivethroughadivorcedonotbehaveinthesameway.Thespecificbehaviordependsonthechild’sindividualpersonality,characteristics,ageatthetimeofdivorce,andgender.Intermsofpersonality,whencomparedtothoseratedasrelaxedandeasy-going,childrendescribedastemperamentalandirritablehavemoredifficultycopingwithparentaldivorce,asindeedtheyhavemoredifficultyadaptingtolifechangeingeneral.Stress,suchasthatfoundindisruptedfamilies,seemstoimpairtheabilityoftemperamentalchildrentoadapttotheirsurroundings,thegreatertheamountofstress,thelesswelltheyadapt.Incontrast,amoderateamountofstressmayactuallyhelpaneasy-going,relaxedchildlearntocopewithadversity.

Thereissomerelationshipbetweenageandchildren’scharacteristicreactiontodivorce.Asthechildgrowsolder,thegreateristhelikelihoodofafreeexpressionofavarietyofcomplexfeelings,anunderstandingofthosefeelings,andarealizationthatthedecisiontodivorcecannotbedistributedtoanyonesimplecause.Self-blamevirtuallydisappearsaftertheageof6,fearofabandonmentdiminishesaftertheageof8,andtheconfusionandfearoftheyoungchildisreplacedintheolderchildbyshame,anger,andself-reflection.

Genderofthechildisalsoafactorthatpredictsthenatureofreactiontodivorce.Theimpactofdivorceisinitiallygreateronboysthanongirls.Theyaremoreaggressive,lesscompliant,havegreaterdifficultiesininterpersonalrelationships,andexhibitproblembehaviorsbothathomeandatschool.Furthermore,theadjustmentproblemsofboysarestillnoticeableeventwoyearsafterthedivorce.Girls’adjustmentproblemsareusuallyinternalizedratherthanactedout,andareoftenresolvedbythesecondyearafterthedivorce.However,newproblemsmaysurfaceforgirlsastheyenteradolescenceandadulthood.Howcantherelativelygreaterimpactofdivorceonboysthanongirlsbeexplained?Thegreatermaleaggressionandnoncompliancemayreflectthefactthatsuchbehaviorsaretoleratedandevenencouragedinmalesinourculturemorethantheyareinfemales.Furthermore,boysmayhaveaparticularneedforastrongmalemodelofself-control,aswellasforastrongdisciplinarianparent.Finally,boysaremorelikelytobeexposedtotheirparents’fightsthangirlsare,andafterthebreakup,boysarelesslikelythangirlstoreceivesympathyandsupportfrommothers,teachers,orpeers.

1.Itishardfortemperamental,irritablekidstoadapttoparentaldivorcebecause（）.

2.ThefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Whydoesparentaldivorcehavegreatereffectsonboysthanongirlsaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyconveytothereaders?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyaretoomuchdisruptedbythelifechange

B.thefamilybreakupmakesthemfeelverysensitive

C.thegreatstressoftheirfamiliesdiminishestheirability

D.theyencountermoreparents’fightsthantheeasy-goingchildren

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.asix-year-oldboymayfeelbeingdesertedbyhisparents

B.divorceisusuallycausedbymorethanonereason

C.ayounggirlmayfeelmoreshamefulonparentaldivorcethananolderboy

D.asthekidsgrowolder,theyhaveabetterunderstandingofdivorce

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseallculturestoleratemaleaggressionandnoncompliance.

B.Becauseboysarebasicallymoreself-disciplinedthangirls.

C.Becausemalesareusuallyviewedasthemodelsinself-control.

D.Becauseboysarealwaysinvolvedintheirparents’fights.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Kidsofdifferentagesbehavedifferentlyfacingparentaldivorce.

B.Theimpactofdivorceonkidsvariesinpersonality,ageandgender.

C.Boysmaybecomemoreaggressivethangirlsindisruptedfamilies.

D.Parentaldivorcehasanegativeeffectonchildrenallthroughtheirlives.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段第三句“...childrendescribedastemperamentalandirritablehavemoredifficultycopingwithparentaldivorce,asindeedtheyhavemoredifficultyadaptingtolifechangeingeneral.”喜怒無(wú)常和易怒的孩子更難以面對(duì)父母離異，因?yàn)樗麄兇_實(shí)更難以適應(yīng)生活的變化。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段最后一句“theconfusionandfearoftheyoungchildisreplacedintheolderchildbyshame,anger,andself-reflection.”年幼孩子的困惑和恐懼被年長(zhǎng)孩子的羞愧、憤怒和自我反省所取代。選項(xiàng)C正好與之相反，所以不正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，父母離異對(duì)男孩的影響比女孩大是因?yàn)樵谖覀兊奈幕?，容忍和鼓?lì)男性具有攻擊性和桀驁不馴，選項(xiàng)A中的“allcultures”表述不正確;此外，男孩可能特別需要樹(shù)立一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的自律的男性形象，也需要父母嚴(yán)格自律；最后，男孩比女孩更容易受到父母爭(zhēng)吵的影響，而在父母離異后，男孩比女孩更不容易得到母親、老師或同齡人的同情和支持。選項(xiàng)B在文中沒(méi)有提及;選項(xiàng)D不符合原文，只有選項(xiàng)C符合原文，所以本題選C。

4.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，首段一二句為本文的主旨句，所有經(jīng)歷過(guò)父母離異的孩子會(huì)有不同的行為方式，具體的行為取決于孩子的個(gè)性、特征、父母離異時(shí)的年齡和性別。選項(xiàng)B正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

9.單選題

Aboutoneandahalfmillionyearsagotheclimateoftheworldbecamemuchcolder.ThisledtothecapsoficearoundtheNorthandSouth[A]Polesspreadingtocover[B]muchNorthAmericaandNorthernEurope.Suchperiodsofcoldclimatearecallediceages.Thewoollymammothlivedinnorthernpartsoftheworld[C]between300,000and100,000yearsago.ItwasafavouritepreyofStoneAgehunters,[D]whouseditscoatforclothes,andthemeatasfood.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Poles

B.much

C.between

D.who

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞用法。B選項(xiàng)much不能直接修飾地名，應(yīng)改為muchof。

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

采取一切有效措施掃清“黃毒”，依法處理相關(guān)違法人員。

勞教制度廢止后，未觸犯刑法的違法者，將由社區(qū)采取措施進(jìn)行矯正。

醉酒駕駛機(jī)動(dòng)車的行為，要追究法律責(zé)任。

中國(guó)漁政船頻繁開(kāi)赴釣魚(yú)島，維護(hù)國(guó)家的合法權(quán)益。

打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪，保護(hù)人民生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。

依法行政是實(shí)現(xiàn)“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”的根本性制度保障。

【答案】Takealleffectivemeasurestoclearawaythepornographyanddrugsanddealwiththerelevantpersonswhobreaklawsinaccordancewiththelaw.

Aftertheabolishmentofthesystemofreeducationthroughlabor,thecommunitywilltakemeasurestocorrectthelawbreakerswhodonotviolatethecriminallaw.

Todriveamotorvehicleaftergettingdrunkshallbeinvestigatedforlegalresponsibility.

ChinesefisheryadministrationvesselsfrequentlysetoutforDiaoyuislandstosafeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofourcountry.

Crackdownnetworkcrimeandprotectpeople'slivesandproperty.

Toadministerourgovernmentaccordingtolawisanessentialinstitutionalguaranteeforrealizingthe"Chinesedream".

11.翻譯題

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses-fiction,biography,poetryweshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;trytobecomehim.Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserve,andcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwist,andturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,acquaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

【答案】既然書(shū)有小說(shuō)、傳記、詩(shī)歌之分，我們就應(yīng)該把它們分類，從中吸收它們應(yīng)該給予的知識(shí)。這說(shuō)起來(lái)很容易。然而很少有人要求書(shū)本應(yīng)該給予的知識(shí)。我們總是囫圇吞棗般去看書(shū)，要求小說(shuō)必須真實(shí)，要求詩(shī)歌必須虛構(gòu)，要求傳記諂媚，要求歷史書(shū)能加強(qiáng)自己的偏見(jiàn)。如果我們讀書(shū)之前能拋開(kāi)這些偏見(jiàn)，將會(huì)是一個(gè)好的開(kāi)始。不要去強(qiáng)加你的想法給作者，而是要去理解他，成為他的伙伴。如果你將自己置身事外，并且從一開(kāi)始就批判他，你就無(wú)法從書(shū)中獲得最大的價(jià)值。但是如果你敞開(kāi)心扉，那么書(shū)中精細(xì)入微的寓言和暗示便會(huì)讓你從開(kāi)頭那些晦澀的句子中繞出來(lái)，把你帶到一個(gè)獨(dú)特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去鉆研，你很快會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者正向你闡述的或者是試圖向你闡述的東西是一些比原來(lái)要明確得多的東西。

12.單選題

Itisfortunatewhenayoungman’scareergoalsandthewishesofhisparentsforhim（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.coincide

B.supervise

C.collaborate

D.collide

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)coincide“一致，符合；同時(shí)發(fā)生”；B選項(xiàng)supervise“監(jiān)督，管理；指導(dǎo)”；C選項(xiàng)collaborate“合作；勾結(jié)，通敵”；D選項(xiàng)collide“碰撞；抵觸，沖突”。句意：當(dāng)一個(gè)年輕人的職業(yè)目標(biāo)和他父母對(duì)他的希望一致時(shí)，那是幸運(yùn)的。結(jié)合句意，故A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

MostbroadcastersmaintainthatTVhasbeenunfairlycriticizedandarguethatthepowerofthemediumis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.granted

B.implied

C.exaggerated

D.remedied

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)grant“（尤指正式地或法律上）同意，準(zhǔn)予”；B選項(xiàng)imply“暗示，說(shuō)明”；C選項(xiàng)exaggerate“夸張，夸大”；D選項(xiàng)remedy“糾正，改進(jìn)”。根據(jù)前一句句意“大部分廣播機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為，對(duì)電視的職責(zé)是不公平的”，確定and后面的句意應(yīng)是“并且表示媒介的力量被夸大”。所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thetraditionalappealoftheincometaxhascomefromitswideacceptanceasafairtax,closelyrelatedtoanindividual’sabilitytopay.Formanyyearstheincometaxprovidedlargefederalincomewithoutimposingheavyburdensonthegreatmajorityofpeople.Bythemid-20thcentury,however,seriouscriticismsoftaxloopholeswereheard;concertedattemptsatreformresultedonlyinamorecomplexanderodedtaxbase.Thesituationworsenedinthe1970s,asrisinginflationpushedpeopleintohighertaxbracketsalthoughtheirincomewerebarelykeepingpacewithrisingprices.Thispressurefurthererodedpublicconfidenceinthefairnessoftheincometax;atthesametimeitcreatedstrongincentivestoutilizetaxsheltersandotherloopholes,aswellastoconcealoff-the-recordincome.Built-ininflationadjustmentswereadopted,firstbyanumberofstatesandthenin1985bythefederalgovernment.

Incometaxpolicyisinevitablycontroversialbecauseitrestsessentiallyonjudgmentsthatmustbeconstantlyreconsideredassocialvalueschange.Thecomplextaskofworkingoutthemanyreductionsandexclusionstobeallowedfromincomebecausetheyeithermakeforgreaterfairnessamongtaxpayersorpromoteworthysocialgoals(suchascharitablecontributions)isboneofthemostdifficultandpoliticallysensitiveproblemsfacedbygovernments.

Anothermajorareaofdisputeiswhetherwagesandsalariesshouldbetaxedthesamewayasbusinessprofitsorinvestmentincome.WhilesomecountriesandafewU.S.statesexplicitlyapplyseparatesetsofrulestothemeasurementofdifferentkindsoftaxableincome,others,likemostU.S.stategovernments,seektotreatallsourcesofincomeinthesameway.Evenso,dissimilaritiesinevitablyarise.Somecostsofearningincomearemorereadilydeductedfrombusinessandself-employmentearningsthantheyarefromwagesandsalaries.Inflation,byerodingthevalueofcapital,distortsthemeasurementofincomefromthatsource.Complexadjustmentstothetaxlawscouldinprincipleeliminatetheseimbalances,butmostcountrieshavepreferredsimpler,morearbitrarysolutions.

1.Mostpeopleacceptincometaxasafairtaxsince____.

2.Inthe1970s,____.

3.In1985,____.

4.Whichofthefollowingincomemayenjoyareducedtaxorexclusion?

5.ThemajorityoftheUSstategovernments____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.everyindividualenjoyspublicwelfare

B.everycitizenofacountryhasthedutytopaytaxes

C.itiswithintheircapabilitytopayit

D.itiscloselyrelatedtotheindividual’sbenefits

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.manypeoplecalledforthecancellationofincometax

B.manypeoplequestionedthefairnessofincometax

C.inflationcausedmanypeopleunabletousetaxshelters

D.inflationrosebeyondthegovernments’control

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.inflationwastakenintoaccountinthefederalgovernment’sincometaxpolicy

B.inflationratewasbroughtundercontrolandincometaxratewasreduced

C.anumberofstatesmadetheirownlawagainsttherisinginflation

D.thefederalgovernmentadoptedhighertaxbracketstohelpthepoor

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Off-the-recordincome.

B.Self-employmentearnings.

C.Businessearnings.

D.Incomefromcharitableactivities.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.usedifferentsetsofrulesforvarioustaxableincome

B.allowforareductionforself-employmentearnings

C.treatbusinessandinvestmentincomedifferently

D.applythesamepolicytoallsourcesofincome

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Mostpeopleacceptincometaxasafairtaxsince____.大部分人都認(rèn)為所得稅是“公平的稅”，因?yàn)開(kāi)___。

A.everyindividualenjoyspublicwelfareA.每個(gè)人都享有公共福利

B.everycitizenofacountryhasthedutytopaytaxesB.每個(gè)國(guó)家的公民都有納稅的義務(wù)

C.itiswithintheircapabilitytopayitC.在他們的支付能力范圍內(nèi)

D.itiscloselyrelatedtotheindividual’sbenefitsD.它與個(gè)人的利益密切相關(guān)

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞afairtax定位到原文第一段第一句，該句提到“所得稅的傳統(tǒng)吸引力來(lái)自于它被廣泛接受為一種公平稅收（asafairtax），這與個(gè)人支付能力密切相關(guān)（closelyrelatedtoanindividual’sabilitytopay）?！庇纱丝芍?，個(gè)人所得稅之所以被認(rèn)為是一種公平的稅，與個(gè)人的支付能力相關(guān)。由此推斷，所得稅在個(gè)人的支付能力范圍之內(nèi)，所以人們認(rèn)為它是公平的，C選項(xiàng)“在他們的支付能力范圍內(nèi)”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人都享有公共福利”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)國(guó)家的公民都有納稅的義務(wù)”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“它與個(gè)人的利益密切相關(guān)”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthe1970s,____.在二十世紀(jì)七十年代，____。

A.manypeoplecalledforthecancellationofincometaxA.許多人呼吁取消所得稅

B.manypeoplequestionedthefairnessofincometaxB.許多人質(zhì)疑所得稅的公平性

C.inflationcausedmanypeopleunabletousetaxsheltersC.通貨膨脹使許多人無(wú)法使用避稅手段

D.inflationrosebeyondthegovernments’controlD.通貨膨脹超出了政府的控制

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Inthe1970s定位到原文第一段第四句，該句提到“這種情況在20世紀(jì)70年代惡化（Thesituationworsenedinthe1970s），因?yàn)椴粩嗌仙耐ㄘ浥蛎浧仁谷藗兝U納更高的稅級(jí)，盡管他們的收入幾乎跟不上物價(jià)上漲的步伐?！鼻耙痪涮岬健暗搅?0世紀(jì)中期，出現(xiàn)了對(duì)稅收漏洞的嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)”，由此推斷，“這種情況”指的是“對(duì)稅收的嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)”。后文提到“這種壓力進(jìn)一步削弱了公眾對(duì)所得稅公平性的信心（publicconfidenceinthefairnessoftheincometax）”，由此推斷，20世紀(jì)70年代，由于通貨膨脹，公眾對(duì)稅收漏洞批評(píng)的聲音越來(lái)越大，并且進(jìn)一步失去了對(duì)所得稅公平性的信心，因此B選項(xiàng)“許多人質(zhì)疑所得稅的公平性”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“許多人呼吁取消所得稅”，原文雖然提到公眾對(duì)稅收公平性逐漸失去信心，但是沒(méi)有提到要取消所得稅，該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推理；

C選項(xiàng)“通貨膨脹使許多人無(wú)法使用避稅手段”，可定位到原文第一段第五句，該句提到“它（通貨膨脹的壓力）也產(chǎn)生了利用避稅（taxshelters）和其他漏洞以及隱瞞非記錄收入的強(qiáng)烈動(dòng)機(jī)?！庇纱丝芍ㄘ浥蛎浾侨藗儾扇”芏愂侄蔚恼T因，該選項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“通貨膨脹超出了政府的控制”，可定位到原文第一段最后一句，該句提到“內(nèi)置通貨膨脹調(diào)整措施，起初被幾個(gè)州采用，然后在1985年被聯(lián)邦政府采用?！庇纱丝芍?，政府在制定所得稅政策時(shí)，針對(duì)通貨膨脹，采取了一些調(diào)整措施，但沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明通貨膨脹是否超出了政府的控制，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

In1985,____.在1985年，____。

A.inflationwastakenintoaccountinthefederalgovernment’sincometaxpolicyA.聯(lián)邦政府的所得稅政策考慮到了通貨膨脹

B.inflationratewasbroughtundercontrolandincometaxratewasreducedB.通貨膨脹率得到控制，所得稅稅率降低

C.anumberofstatesmadetheirownlawagainsttherisinginflationC.許多州制定了它們自己的法律抑制通貨膨脹

D.thefederalgovernmentadoptedhighertaxbracketstohelpthepoorD.聯(lián)邦政府采用了更高的稅收等級(jí)來(lái)幫助窮人

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞In1985定位到原文第一段最后一句，該句提到“內(nèi)置通貨膨脹調(diào)整措施（Built-ininflationadjustments），起初被幾個(gè)州采用，然后在1985年被聯(lián)邦政府采用?！庇纱丝芍?，政府在制定所得稅政策時(shí)，針對(duì)通貨膨脹，采取了一些調(diào)整措施，聯(lián)邦政府在1985年也采取了這些調(diào)整措施。因此，A選項(xiàng)“聯(lián)邦政府的所得稅政策考慮到了通貨膨脹”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“通貨膨脹率得到控制，所得稅稅率降低”，原文只提到了1985年聯(lián)邦政府針對(duì)通貨膨脹，采取了這些所得稅的調(diào)整措施，并沒(méi)有提及該措施的結(jié)果，并且這些措施也不是用來(lái)控制通貨膨脹的，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“許多州制定了它們自己的法律抑制通貨膨脹”，原文只提到了針對(duì)通貨膨脹的稅收調(diào)整措施，并不是抑制通貨膨脹的法律，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“聯(lián)邦政府采用了更高的稅收等級(jí)來(lái)幫助窮人”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingincomemayenjoyareducedtaxorexclusion?下列哪項(xiàng)收入可以享受減稅或免稅？

A.Off-the-recordincome.A.非公開(kāi)的收入。

B.Self-employmentearnings.B.自主創(chuàng)業(yè)收益。

C.Businessearnings.C.商業(yè)收入。

D.Incomefromcharitableactivities.D.慈善活動(dòng)收入。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞areducedtaxorexclusion定位到原文第二段最后一句，該句提到“計(jì)算出從收入中允許的許多削減和免除是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的任務(wù)，因?yàn)樗鼈円词辜{稅人之間更加公平（makeforgreaterfairnessamongtaxpayers），要么宣傳有價(jià)值的社會(huì)目標(biāo)（如慈善捐款）（promoteworthysocialgoals（suchascharitablecontributions）），這是政府面臨的最困難和最敏感的政治問(wèn)題之一?！庇纱丝芍?，促進(jìn)納稅人之間的公平以及宣傳有價(jià)值的社會(huì)目標(biāo)（如慈善捐款）的收入，可以享受稅收減免。因此，D選項(xiàng)“慈善活動(dòng)收入”可以享受減稅或免稅。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“非公開(kāi)的收入”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“自主創(chuàng)業(yè)收益”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)收入”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThemajorityoftheUSstategovernments____.美國(guó)大多數(shù)州政府____。

A.usedifferentsetsofrulesforvarioustaxableincomeA.對(duì)不同的應(yīng)稅收入采取不同的規(guī)則

B.allowforareductionforself-employmentearningsB.允許自營(yíng)收入的減稅

C.treatbusinessandinvestmentincomedifferentlyC.區(qū)別對(duì)待企業(yè)和投資收入

D.applythesamepolicytoallsourcesofincomeD.對(duì)所有收入來(lái)源實(shí)行同樣的政策

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容定位到原文最后一段，根據(jù)theUSstategovernments定位到最后一段第二句，該句提到“雖然一些國(guó)家和美國(guó)的一些州明確地對(duì)不同種類的應(yīng)稅收入應(yīng)用不同的規(guī)則，另一些國(guó)家，像美國(guó)大多數(shù)州政府一樣，尋求以同樣的方式對(duì)待所有收入來(lái)源（seektotreatallsourcesofincomeinthesameway）?！盌選項(xiàng)“對(duì)所有收入來(lái)源實(shí)行同樣的政策”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)不同的應(yīng)稅收入采取不同的規(guī)則”，由【解題思路】可知，這是一些國(guó)家和美國(guó)的一些州的觀點(diǎn)，不是美國(guó)大多數(shù)州政府的觀點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

B選項(xiàng)“允許自營(yíng)收入的減稅”，可定位到原文最后一段第四句，該句提到“獲取收入的一些成本更容易從企業(yè)和自營(yíng)職業(yè)者的收入中扣除，而不是從工資和薪金中扣除?！庇纱丝芍?，原文只是提到“獲取收入的一些成本更容易從自營(yíng)職業(yè)者的收入中扣除”，無(wú)法推測(cè)出美國(guó)大多數(shù)州政府“允許自營(yíng)收入的減稅”的觀點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“區(qū)別對(duì)待企業(yè)和投資收入”，原文提到美國(guó)大多數(shù)州政府尋求以同樣的方式對(duì)待所有收入來(lái)源，該選項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

15.單選題

Americansarepeopleobsessedwithchild-rearing.Intheirbooks,magazines,talkshows,parenttrainingcourses,WhiteHouseconferences,andchatsoverthebackfence,theyendlesslydebatethebestwaystoraisechildren.Moreover,Americansdomorethandebatetheirtheories;theytranslatethemintoaction.Theyerectplaygroundsfortheyoungster’spleasure,equiplargeschoolsfortheireducation,andtrainskilledspecialistsfortheirwelfare.WholeindustriesinAmericaaredevotedtomakingchildrenhappy,healthyandwise.

Butthisinterestinchildhoodisrelativelynew.Infact,untilveryrecentlypeopleconsideredchildhoodjustabrief,unimportantpreludetoadulthoodandtherealbusinessofliving.Byandlarge,theyeitherignoredchildren,beatthem,orfondledthemcarelessly,muchaswewouldamuseourselveswithalotofpuppies.Whentheygaveseriousthoughttochildrenatall,peopleeitherconceivedofthemasminiatureadultsoraspeculiar,unformedanimals.

Downthroughtheagestheexperiencesofchildhoodhavebeenasvariedasitsduration.Actionsthatwouldhaveprovokedabeatinginoneeraelicitextralovingcareinanother.Babieswhohavebeennurturedexclusivelybytheirmothersinoneepochareleftwithday-careworkersinanother.Insomeplaceschildrenhavebeentrainedtostraddleunsteadycanoes,negotiatetreacherousmountainpasses,andcarryheavybundlesontheirheads.Inotherplacestheyhavebeentaughtcomplicatedpianoconcertiandlongmultiplicationtables.

Butdiverseasithasbeen,childhoodhasonecommonexperienceatitscoreandthatisthesocialaspectofnurture.Allchildrenneedadultstobringthemup.Becausehumanyoungtakesolongtobecomeindependent,wethinkthatcivilizationmayhavegrownuparoundtheneedtofeedandprotectthem.Certainly,fromtheearliestdaysofman,adultshavemadeprovisionforthechildrenintheirmidst.

1.ThepresentdayAmericanobsessionwithchild-rearinghas（）.

2.Childreninthepastwereill-treatedorpettedbecausetheywere（）.

3.Howhavechildhoodexperiencesvaried?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,children（）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetodevelopmentsintheperceptionofchildhood?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resultedinineffectualaction

B.initiatedpointlessdiscussions

C.hadwide-rangingresults

D.producedendlesstheories

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ignorantofadultlife

B.seenasuninteresting

C.consideredofnoimportance

D.conceivedofashavinganimalnatures

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenhavebeenalternatelybeatenandlovedthroughtheages.

B.Therehavebeendifferencesinchildrearingindifferentepochs.

C.Parentshaveincreasinglytakencontroloftheirchildren’snurturing.

D.Insomeplacesphysicaltraininghasgivenwaytoencouragingcreativity.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.needintensiveadultnurturing

B.aretheinstigatorsofcivilization

C.remainphysicallydependentuntiladulthood

D.havecommonsocialexperiences

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Cynical

B.Indifferent

C.Positive

D.Neutral

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.考查細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段介紹了美國(guó)人對(duì)于幼兒教育的態(tài)度，根據(jù)原文“Moreover,Americansdomorethandebatetheirtheories;theytranslatethemintoaction.”可知，美國(guó)人不僅僅辯論他們的理論，而且也采取行動(dòng)。因此，C項(xiàng)hadwide-rangingresults“有廣泛的結(jié)果”符合題意，故本題選C。

2.考查細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的Infact,untilveryrecentlypeopleconsideredchildhoodjustabrief,unimportantpreludetoadulthoodandtherealbusinessofliving.可知，事實(shí)上，不久前人們只把兒童時(shí)期看作是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短且不重要的人生階段。直到現(xiàn)在，幼兒教育才開(kāi)始引起重視。因此，C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.考查細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段Downthroughtheagestheexperiencesofchildhoodhavebeenasvariedasitsduration.Actionsthatwouldhaveprovokedabeatinginoneeraelicitextralovingcareinanother可知，不同時(shí)期的大人們?cè)趽狃B(yǎng)兒童上的態(tài)度和方法上也會(huì)不同。因此，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中Becausehumanyoungtakesolongtobecomeindependent,wethinkthatcivilizationmayhavegrownuparoundtheneedtofeedandprotectthem可知，文化的進(jìn)步源于對(duì)孩子的培養(yǎng)和保護(hù)，所以，孩子在一定程度上推動(dòng)了文化的進(jìn)步。因此，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章主要講述了美國(guó)人對(duì)孩子的教育由從以前的不重視轉(zhuǎn)為現(xiàn)在的非常重視，并且采取了一系列的相關(guān)措施。因此，作者對(duì)這一轉(zhuǎn)變持有積極的態(tài)度。A項(xiàng)為諷刺的，B項(xiàng)為漠視的，C項(xiàng)為積極的，D項(xiàng)為中立的。因此，C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

16.單選題

Thenewlyelectedpresidenthas________$13milliontotheautomobileindustryforitssurvival.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prepared

B.promised

C.disposed

D.pledged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)備”；B選項(xiàng)“許下，應(yīng)允”；C選項(xiàng)“處理”；D選項(xiàng)“保證”。句意：新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)（）花13億元來(lái)拯救汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)。根據(jù)句意，空格中意思填“保證”最合適，pledge和promise都有保證的意思，但是pledge一般表公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合的保證，意義比較嚴(yán)肅，promise只是承諾?？偨y(tǒng)說(shuō)的保證肯定是比較嚴(yán)肅的，所以答案選D。

17.單選題

Inscientificstudies,supportingevidenceismuchmoresatisfyingtoreportthanarediscreditedhypotheses,but,infact,the（

）oferrorsismorelikelytobeusefulthanistheestablishmentofprobabletruth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.formulation

B.correction

C.detection

D.accumulation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。formulation“規(guī)劃；配方”；correction“改正”；detection“偵查；探測(cè)”；accumulation“積聚，堆積物”。句意：從科學(xué)研究上來(lái)說(shuō)，雖然有證據(jù)支撐的報(bào)告比不可靠的假說(shuō)更令人滿意，但是事實(shí)上與發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤相比確立可能的真理可能更有用。由discreditedhypotheses“名譽(yù)掃地的假設(shè)”可推斷應(yīng)該是發(fā)現(xiàn)不可靠假說(shuō)的錯(cuò)誤，故C項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

AwardedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsin1918,GermanphysicistMaxPlanckisbestrememberedastheoriginatorofthequantumtheory.Hisworkhelpedusherinaneweraintheoreticalphysicsandrevolutionizedthescientificcommunity’sunderstandingofatomicandsubatomicprocesses.Planckintroducedanideathatledtothequantumtheory,whichbecamethefoundationof20thcenturyphysics.InDecember1900,Planckworkedoutanequationthatdescribedthedistributionofradiationaccuratelyovertherangeoflowtohighfrequencies.Hehaddevelopedatheorywhichdependedonamodelofmatterthatseemedverystrangeatthetime.Themodelrequiredtheemissionofeletromagneticradiationinsmallchunksorparticles.Theseparticleswerelatercalledquantums.Theenergyassociatedwitheachquantumismeasuredbymultiplyingthefrequencyoftheradiation,v,byauniversalconstant,h.Thus,energy,orE,equalshv.Theconstant,h,isknownasPlanck’sconstant.Itisnowrecognizedasoneofthefundamentalconstantsoftheworld.Planckannouncedhisfindingsin1900,butitwasyearsbeforethefullconsequencesofhisrevolutionaryquantumtheorywererecognized.Throughouthislife,Planckmadesignificantcontributionstooptics,thermodynamicsandstatisticalmechanics,physicalchemistry,andotherfields.In1930hewaselectedpresidentoftheKaiserWilhelmSociety,whichwasrenamedtheMaxPlanckSocietyafterWorldWarII.ThoughdeeplyopposedtothefacistregimeofAdolfHitler,PlanckremainedinGermanythroughoutthewar.HediedinGottingenonOctober4,1947.

1.InwhichofthefollowingfieldsdidMaxPlanckNOTmakeasignificantcontribution?

2.Theword“revolutionary”whichisunderlinedinthepassage,means（）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatPlanck’sworkledtothedevelopmentofwhichofthefollowing?

4.Theimplicationinthispassageisthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Optics.

B.Thermodynamics.

C.Statisticalmechanics.

D.Biology.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.dangerous

B.extremist

C.momentous

D.militarist

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Therocket.

B.Theatomicbomb.

C.Theinternalcombustionengine.

D.Thecomputer.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.onlyaGermanphysicistcoulddiscoversuchatheory

B.quantumtheory,whichledtothedevelopmentof20thcenturyphysics,isbasicallyamathematicalformula

C.Planck’sconstantwasnotdiscerniblebefore1900

D.radiationwashardtostudy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.InwhichofthefollowingfieldsdidMaxPlanckNOTmakeasignificantcontribution?1.在下列哪個(gè)領(lǐng)域馬克斯?普朗克沒(méi)有做出重大貢獻(xiàn)？

A.Optics.A.光學(xué)。

B.Thermodynamics.B.熱力學(xué)。

C.Sta