書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南師范大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Heisvery（）inhisfamilyandneverdoesanythingagainsthiswife.

問題1選項

A.hence

B.filled

C.enormous

D.humble

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。hence因此；filled填滿的；enormous巨大的；humble謙遜的，（級別或地位）低下的。句意：他在家里很（），從不做任何違背他妻子的事。因此，D選項符合句意。

2.填空題

Ihave（1）goodnewsforyou:Johnhas（2）tobuyyouroldmotorcycle.

【答案】1.some

2.decided

【解析】1.語義題。句意:告訴你一些好消息。

2.固定搭配。Decidetodo決定…。

3.單選題

Popstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofroyalty.Wherevertheygo,peopleturnoutintheirthousandstogreetthem.Thecrowdsgowildtryingtocatchabriefglimpseoftheirsmiling,colorfullydressedidols.ThestarsaretransportedintheirchauffeurdrivenRolls-Royces,privatehelicoptersorexecutiveairplanes.Theyaresurroundedbyapermanententourageofmanagers,pressagentsandbodyguards.Photographsofthemappearregularlyinthepressandalltheircomingsandgoingsarereportedfor,likeRoyaltypopstarsarenews.IftheyenjoymanyoftheprivilegesofRoyalty,theycertainlysharemanyoftheinconveniencesaswell.Itisdangerousforthemtomakeunscheduledappearanceinpublic.Theymustbeconstantlyshieldedfromtheadoringcrowdswhichidolizethem.Theyarenolongerprivateindividuals,butpublicproperty.Thefinancialrewardstheyreceiveforthissacrificecannotbecalculated,fortheirratesofpayareastronomical.

Andwhynot?Societyhasalwaysrewardeditstopentertainerslavishly.ThegreatdaysofHollywoodhavebecomelegendaryfamousstarsenjoyingfame,wealthadulationonanunprecedentedscale.Bytoday'sstandards,theexcessesofHollywooddonotseemquitesospectacular.Asinglegramophonerecordnowadaysmayearnmuchmoreinroyaltiesthanthefilmofthepasteverdid.Thecompetitionforthetitle“TopofthePop”isfierce,buttherewardsaretrulycolossal!

Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.Don'tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompanies?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrencyoftenmorethanlargeindustrialconcernsandthetaxmancanonlybegratefulfortheirmassiveannualcontributionstotheexchequer.Sowhowouldbegrudgethemtheirrewards?

It’sallverywellforpeopleinhumdrumjobstomoanaboutthesuccessesandrewardsofothers.Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundredsofothersstrugglingtoearnaliving.Amanworkinginasteadyjobandlookingforwardtoapensionattheendofithasnorighttoexpectveryhighrewards.Hehaschosensecurityandpeaceofmind,sotherewillalwaysbealimittowhathecanearn.Butamanwhoattemptstobecomeastaristakingenormousrisks.Heknowsattheoutsetthatonlyahandfulofcompetitorsevergettotheverytop.Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcomplete.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That'stheessenceofprivateenterprise.

1.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtopstars'highincome?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,onewhodreamsofbeingastarshouldbeawarethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Approval

B.Disapproved.

C.ronical

D.Indifferent.

問題2選項

A.thereexistsfiercecompetitioninclimbingtothetopofthePops

B.peopleareblindinidolizingstars

C.successfulpopstarsgivegreatentertainment

D.popsstarsusuallytrytoavoidpayingtax

問題3選項

A.Popstarsgethigh-incomerepaymentbutaretaxedless.

B.Greatcontributionmadebypopstarsislimitedtoentertainmentindustry.

C.Successfulmenrepresentthetipoftheiceberg.

D.Popstarsshouldn'tenjoythelifeofroyalty.

問題4選項

A.firstheshouldlookforasteadyjobwithapension

B.atlastmanypeoplecanclimbtotheverytop

C.greateffortswillsurelyberewardedwithcompletesuccess

D.theessenceofprivateenterpriseishugerisksprobablybringinghighrewards

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由最后一段“Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.但他也知道，成功的回報確實很高；這是對所涉及的巨大風險的補償，如果他實現(xiàn)了這些目標，這些回報也是應得的?！笨芍髡哒J同這種觀點即高風險與高回報是并存的。答案A

第2題:推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句“Thecompetitionforthetitle‘TopofthePop’isfierce…‘流行音樂之巔’的競爭非常激烈”，可知A項正確，答案A。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由第四段“Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.發(fā)表嫉妒言論的人應該記住，最著名的明星只是冰山一角?！笨芍狢項正確，答案C。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章末尾“Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcomplete.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That’stheessenceofprivateenterprise.他知道多年的集中努力可能會得到完全的回報。但他也知道，成功的回報確實很高；這是對所涉及的巨大風險的補償，如果他實現(xiàn)了這些目標，他肯定是應得的。這就是個人事業(yè)的本質(zhì)。”可知作者認為個人事業(yè)的高風險和高回報并存，這是夢想成為明星的人該注意的地方。故D項正確。

4.單選題

Abovethetreesarethehills,（）magnificencetheriverfaithfullyreflectsonthesurface.

問題1選項

A.where

B.ofwhose

C.whose

D.which

【答案】C

【解析】語法題——whose引導的非限定性定語從句。whose是關系代詞who的所有格形式，在從句中作定語。whose通常指人，也可指動物或無生命的事物。主句為“Abovethetreesarethehills”，從句的主語應為“山的綺麗景色”，原句為theriverfaithfullyreflectsthehill’smagnificenceonthesurface。句意：在樹林的高處是山，其壯麗的景色完全映照在河面上。因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

His（

）wordsreachedtheeffecthewantedandpeoplegavemoneytohelphim.

問題1選項

A.elegant

B.eloquent

C.evil

D.excessive

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項elegant“優(yōu)雅的”；B選項eloquent“有口才的，有說服力的”；C選項evil“邪惡的”；D選項excessive“極度的，過分的”。句意：他的能言善辯達到了他想要的效果，人們紛紛捐錢來幫助他。選項B符合語境。

6.單選題

Someyearsago,Houstonairportfacedatroublingissue.Passengerswere（1）aboutthelongwaitsatbaggageclaim(行李提取處).（2）,theexecutivesincreasedthenumberofbaggagehandlers.Theplan（3）:theaveragewaitfelltoeightminutes,wellwithinindustrystandard.（4）thecomplaintspersisted.

（5）,theairportexecutivesundertookamorecarefulanalysis.Theyfoundthatit（6）passengersaminutetowalkfromtheirarrivalgatestobaggageclaimandsevenmoreminutestogettheirbags.（7）,roughly88percentoftheirtimewasspentstandingaroundwaitingfortheirbags.

Sotheydecidedonanewapproach:（8）reducingwaittime,theymovedthearrivalgatesfartherawayfromthemainterminal.Passengersnowhadtowalksixtimeslonger.Complaintsdroppedtonear（9）.

Thisstoryshowsthattheexperienceofwaitingisdefinedonlypartlybytheobjective（10）ofthewait.Occupiedtime(walkingtobaggageclaim)feels（11）thanunoccupiedtime(（12）atbaggageclaim).Researchonqueuinghasshownthat,peopleonaverage,（13）howlongthey’vewaitedinaline.

Thisisalso（14）onefindsmirrorsnexttoelevators.The（15）wasbornduringthepost-WorldWarIIboom,whenthespreadofhigh-rises（16）complaintsaboutelevatordelays.Thereasonbehindthemirrorswas（17）totheoneusedattheHoustonairport:givepeoplesomethingtooccupytheirtime.（18）overnight,thecomplaintsceased.

We’llnever（19）linesaltogether,butabetterunderstandingofthepsychologyofwaitingcanhelpmakethose（20）delaysmorebearable.Andwhenallelsefails,bringabook.

問題1選項

A.warning

B.thinking

C.asking

D.complaining

問題2選項

A.Inresponse

B.Infact

C.Intheory

D.Inturn

問題3選項

A.failed

B.worked

C.stopped

D.continued

問題4選項

A.So

B.But

C.Or

D.And

問題5選項

A.Puzzled

B.Scared

C.Delighted

D.Relieved

問題6選項

A.spent

B.needed

C.cost

D.took

問題7選項

A.Ingeneral

B.Inaddition

C.Inanycase

D.Inotherwords

問題8選項

A.inspiteof

B.insteadof

C.bymeansof

D.becauseof

問題9選項

A.nothing

B.zero

C.none

D.no

問題10選項

A.complaint

B.reach

C.feeling

D.length

問題11選項

A.shorter

B.better

C.longer

D.harder

問題12選項

A.looking

B.standing

C.serving

D.pointing

問題13選項

A.dislike

B.disagree

C.overestimate

D.misunderstand

問題14選項

A.how

B.what

C.why

D.when

問題15選項

A.reason

B.problem

C.standard

D.idea

問題16選項

A.calledfor

B.pointedout

C.ledto

D.beganwith

問題17選項

A.accustomed

B.specific

C.helpful

D.similar

問題18選項

A.Rather

B.Quite

C.Entirely

D.Almost

問題19選項

A.cross

B.eliminate

C.draw

D.create

問題20選項

A.inadequate

B.impatient

C.impossible

D.inevitable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:B

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查動詞辨析。聯(lián)系下文可知客戶在抱怨排隊時間長。A選項warning“警告”；B選項thinking“思考”；C選項asking“請求”，因此D選項正確。

2.考查語境理解。由空格前，聯(lián)系第一題“Passengerswerecomplainingaboutthelongwaitsatbaggageclaim（乘客們在抱怨行李提取處等待時間太長）”，空格后“theexecutivesincreasedthenumberofbaggagehandlers.（行政人員增加了行李搬運工的人數(shù)。）”可知，空格后是對空格前做的回應。B選項Infact“事實上，實際上”；C選項Intheory“理論上”；D選項Inturn“輪流，依次”，都不符合上下文語境，因此A選項正確。

3.考查語境理解。根據(jù)下文“theaveragewaitfelltoeightminutes,wellwithinindustrystandard.（平均等待時間降至8分鐘，完全符合行業(yè)標準。）”可知這項計劃奏效了，等待時間下降了。因此B選項正確。

4.考查邏輯關系。根據(jù)上文“theaveragewaitfelltoeightminutes,wellwithinindustrystandard.（平均等待時間降至8分鐘，完全符合行業(yè)標準。）”和下文“thecomplaintspersisted.（人們的抱怨仍在繼續(xù)）”可知空格處填的詞應該表示轉折。A選項So表原因；B選項But表轉折；C選項Or表并列；D選項And表并列，因此B選項正確。

5.考查動詞辨析?！埃ǎ?theairportexecutivesundertookamorecarefulanalysis.”意為“因為……機場管理人員進行了更仔細的分析”。A選項Puzzled“困惑”；B選項Scared“害怕”；C選項Delighted“高興，愉快”；D選項Relieved“解除”。因此A選項正確。

6.考查固定搭配。Ittakesbsometimetodosth意為花費時間做某事，沒有Itspendsbsometimetodosth這個說法，spend的用法是sbspendsometime(in)doingsth，它的主語必須是人；cost的用法是sthcostsb+金錢；need的主語一般是人，不用it作形式主語。因此D選項正確。

7.考查短語辨析。根據(jù)上文“Theyfoundthatittookpassengersaminutetowalkfromtheirarrivalgatestobaggageclaimandsevenmoreminutestogettheirbags.（乘客從到達登機口走到行李認領處需要1分鐘，取行李又需要7分鐘。）”和下文“roughly88percentoftheirtimewasspentstandingaroundwaitingfortheirbags.（他們大約88%的時間是在站著等行李。）”可知上下文表示的意思是一樣的，所以空格處應填一個表并列關系的短語。因此空格處應填“inotherwords”，因此D選項正確。

8.考查短語辨析。A選項inspiteof“不管，不顧”；B選項insteadof“代替，而不是”；C選項bymeansof“依靠，借助于”；D選項becauseof“因為，由于”，句意：他們沒有縮短等待時間，而是把到達門移到離主航站樓更遠的地方。因此B選項正確。

9.考查語境理解。句意：參考第48題，他們沒有縮短等待時間，而是把到達門移到離主航站樓更遠的地方?，F(xiàn)在乘客們得多走六倍的路。投訴幾乎為（）。從句意我們可以看出空格處應該為一個數(shù)值，選項中只有B選項符合，因此B選項正確。

10.考查名詞辨析。句意：這個故事表明，等待的體驗只在一定程度上取決于客觀等待的（）。A選項complaint“抱怨”不符合句意；B選項reach“范圍”不符合句意；C選項feeling“感覺”與句中的體驗相沖突；D選項length“時長”符合句意，因此D選項正確。

11.考查邏輯關系。該句意為：被占用的時間（走到行李認領處）感覺比沒被占用的時間（站在行李認領處）（）。根據(jù)上文中提到的，機場管理人員把到達門移到離主航站樓更遠的地方，乘客們在等待的過程中感覺有事情可做，就會覺得走路的時間比等待的時間短，因此A選項正確。

12.考查動詞辨析。該空格處應填與前面括號內(nèi)（walkingtobaggageclaim）相對應的單詞。A選項looking“看”；B選項standing“站”；C選項serving“招待、服務”；D選項pointing“指向，表明”，其中只有B選項與前面括號內(nèi)的內(nèi)容適配度更高，因此B選項正確。

13.考查動詞辨析。句意：關于排隊的研究表明，人們平均會（）自己排隊等候的時間。A選項dislike“不喜歡，厭惡”；B選項disagree“不同意，反對”；C選項overestimate“高估”；D選項misunderstand“誤解，誤會”。聯(lián)系上下文可知人們總是以為自己的排隊時長很長，其實不然，所以人們經(jīng)常高估自己排隊等候的時間，因此C選項正確。

14.考查語境理解。句意：這也是（）電梯旁邊有鏡子。根據(jù)下文可知，正是因為鏡子讓人們在等待的時候有事可做，所以會讓人們感覺等待時間縮短了，所以空格處應填有因果關系的詞，因此C選項正確。

15.考查語境理解。該句子句意為：這個（）出現(xiàn)在二戰(zhàn)后的經(jīng)濟繁榮時期，當時高樓林立，導致了人們對電梯延誤的抱怨。由此可知，人們對電梯的延誤感到抱怨更偏向于是一種社會問題。A選項reason“原因”；B選項problem“問題”；C選項standard“標準”；D選項idea“方法”，因此B選項正確。

16.考查短語辨析。A選項callfor“要求，需要，倡導”；B選項pointout“指出，指明”；C選項leadto“導致”；D選項beginwith“以……開始，開始于……”。參考55題，句意為：這個問題產(chǎn)生于二戰(zhàn)后的經(jīng)濟繁榮時期，當時高樓林立，（）了人們對電梯延誤的抱怨。根據(jù)句意可知空格處應填導致了人們的抱怨，所以C選項正確。

17.考查固定搭配。A選項beaccustomedto的意思：習慣于；習以為常；B選項bespecificto“針對……而言，僅限于……”；C選項behelpfultodosth.對做……有幫助，后面一般接todo不定式；D選項besimilarto“……與……相似，和……相似”，to后面可以接人，也可以接物。句意：鏡子后面的原因和休斯頓機場使用的（）：讓人們有事可做。一夜之間，投訴停止了。聯(lián)系上下文可知鏡子和機場都是為了讓人們在等待的時候有事情可做，他們的目的是一樣的，因此D選項正確。

18.考查副詞辨析。句意：（）一夜之間，投訴停止了。A選項rather“寧可，寧愿，相當”；B選項quite“很，相當，完全”；C選項entirely“完全的”；D選項almost“差不多，幾乎”。聯(lián)系題干可知D選項正確。

19.考查動詞辨析。A選項cross“穿過，橫過”，cross后面一般不用lines，而是crosstheline，crosstheline逐字解釋是越過某條界線，一般是指觸犯了某項禁忌或者規(guī)則，做了過分的事情。B選項eliminate“消除，排除”；C選項draw“畫，拉，吸引”；D選項create“創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)立”。句意：我們永遠不會完全（）排隊。根據(jù)句意可知B選項正確。

20.考查形容詞辨析。A選項inadequate“不充分的，不適當?shù)摹保籅選項impatient“焦躁的，不耐煩的”；C選項impossible“不可能的”；D選項inevitable“不可避免的”。句意：但更好地理解等待的心理可以幫助讓那些（）延誤變得更容易忍受。聯(lián)系句意，D選項正確。

7.單選題

Shegotveryangryand（

）herclothesaboutintheroom.

問題1選項

A.flung

B.flew

C.clamped

D.clashed

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:她很生氣，把衣服扔的房間里到處都是。

fling(尤指生氣地)扔，擲，拋，丟;猛動(身體或身體部位);粗暴地(向某人)說;氣勢洶洶地(對某人)說。clamp夾住，固定;緊緊抓住;緊夾住;被抓住;被夾緊;用夾鎖鎖住(車)。clash打斗;沖突;比賽;(公開地)爭論。

8.單選題

Sincethefirstbrainscannerwasconstructedseveralyearsago,computedtomographyorcomputedmedicalimagery,hasbecomefairlywidelyused,itsrapidacceptanceisduetothefactthatithasovercomeseveralofthedrawbacksofconventionalX-raytechnology.

Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer.Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles.Suchpicturesarebasedonseriesofthin"slices",

Inaddition,conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs.Theycannotdistinguishsofttissuesorvariationsintissues.Theliverandpancreasarenotdiscernibleatall,andcertainotherorgansmayonlyberenderedvisiblethroughtheuseofradiopaquedye.Sincecomputedtomographyismuchmoresensitive,thesofttissuesofthekidneysorthelivercanbeseenandclearlydifferentiated.ThistechniquecanalsoaccuratelymeasuredifferentdegreesofX-rayabsorption,facilitatingthestudyofthenatureoftissue.

AthirdproblemwithconventionalX-raymethodsistheirinabilitytomeasurequantitativelytheseparatedensitiesoftheindividualsubstancesthroughwhichtheX-rayhaspassed.Onlythemeanabsorptionofallthetissuesisrecorded.Thisisnotaproblemwithcomputedtomography.Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy.

1.ConventionalX-raysmainlyshowthedifferencebetween（

）.

2.Whatkindofviewismadepossiblebycontiguouscrosssectionsofthebody?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat，comparedtoconventionalX-raytechniques,computedtomographyismore

（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthisnewtechnique?

5.Accordingtothepassage,computedtomographycanbeusedforallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項

A.boneandair

B.liverandpancreas

C.muscleandotherbodytissues

D.heartandlungs

問題2選項

A.Two-dimensional

B.Three-dimensional

C.Animated

D.Intensified

問題3選項

A.compact

B.rapid

C.economical

D.informative

問題4選項

A.Cautious

B.Tolerant

C.Enthusiastic

D.Critical

問題5選項

A.monitoringapatient'sdisease

B.diagnosingdisorders

C.locatingtumors

D.reconstructingdamagedtissues

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第三段指出:Inaddition，conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs(另外，傳統(tǒng)X光射線通常只能在骨頭和空隙之間做出區(qū)分，比如胸腔和肺),由此可知A項“骨頭和空隙”。

2.判斷推理題。題干問的是:身體相鄰交叉部位可能成什么樣的像？第二段指出:Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer(首先，傳統(tǒng)的二維X光射線成像不能顯示包含在三維物體里的所有信息。因為不同層面不同深度的影響是疊加的，這會使觀察者困惑),因此B項“三維的”正確。

3.判斷推理題。題干問的是:和傳統(tǒng)X光射線相比,計算機斷層掃描更加…。第二段指出:Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer(首先，傳統(tǒng)的二維X光射線成像不能顯示包含在三維物體里的所有信息。因為不同層面不同深度的影響是疊加的，這會使觀察者困惑),Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles(計算機斷層掃描可以通過測量從數(shù)百個不同角度穿過身體截面的X線的強度變化來重新構建身體內(nèi)部的圖像)。由此可知D項“能提供更多信息”正確。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。文章通篇在講計算機斷層掃描相比傳統(tǒng)X光射線的優(yōu)點。最后一句話指出:Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy(它（即計算機斷層掃描）可以精確定位腫瘤位置來監(jiān)控放射治療的進程，所以，除有診斷能力外，它在治療中能起到重要作用)。由此可知作者對于斷層掃描的態(tài)度是肯定的。故選C。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞computedtomography定位至最后一段:Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy(它（即計算機斷層掃描）可以精確定位腫瘤位置來監(jiān)控放射治療的進程，所以，除有診斷能力外，它在治療中能起到重要作用)。因此A項“監(jiān)控患者的疾病”,B項“診斷疾病”和C項“定位腫瘤位置”都正確。故選D。

9.單選題

Basicresearchisthecuttingofpathsthroughtheunknown.Asmostofusknowtoday,itisthepacesetterfortechnologyandtherawmaterialofinvention.

Becausebasicresearchisaimedatunderstandingratherthanatpracticalresults,thelaymansometimesassumesthatitisentirelyabstractandtheoretical,andthatonlywhenitbecomesamatterofindustrialdevelopmentdoesit“comedowntoearth.”Thisisafalsenotionanditsfalsitybecomesincreasinglyclearwithtime.Indeed,onestrikingcharacteristicofourscientificagehasbeenthedisappearanceofthebarriersbetweenpureandappliedscience.Notonlyarewefindingimportanttechnologicalapplicationformathematicalandscientificknowledgewhichwasformerlythoughtofasabstractand"useless,buttheadvanceoftechnologyhasbothgeneratednewproblemsinpurescienceandprovidednewtoolswithwhichsuchsciencecanbeadvancedmoreeffectively.Thedevelopmentofthetechniquesandhardwareforradarduringthewar,forexample,gavethephysicistandthechemistanewandrefinedtoolforinvestigatingthepropertiesofsolidsandofchemicalcompounds.Conversely,theextensiveuseofthistoolinbasicsciencehasopenedthewaytoentirelynewtechniquesinelectronics.Similarly,thedevelopmentoflarge-scaleelectroniccomputershasledengineerstofindpracticalusesforsomeofthemost,abstruseand"impractical"branchesofhighermathematics,whiletheunderstandingofthetechniquesofusingcomputershas,ontheotherhand,givenusdeeperinsightintosomeaspectsofthebehaviorofcomplexbiologicalandsocialsystems.Basicandappliedsciencetodayaredistinguishedlessbymethodandcontentthanbymotivation.Veryoftenindeed,thesamemancanbeboth“purescientist”and“engineer”asheworksondifferentproblemsorondifferentpartsofoneproblem.

Bythewordscientistwemeansomeonewhoisfittotakepartinbasicresearch,tolearnwithoutateacher,todiscoverandattacksignificantproblemsnotyetsolved,toshowthenatureofthisprocesstoothers—someone,inshort,whoisequippedtospendalifetimeintheadvancementofscience,tothebestofhisability.

Theprocessofgraduateeducationandtheprocessofbasicresearchbelongtogetherateverypossiblelevel.Thetwokindsofactivityreinforceeachotherinagreatvarietyof,andeachisweakenedwhencarriedonwithouttheother.

Ifgraduateeducationaimsatmakingscientists,andifinquiryintowhatisunknownisthemovingprincipleofallscience,itisnotsurprisingthatexperienceofthiskindofinquiryshouldbeessentialingraduateeducation.Clearlysuchexperienceisbestobtainedinassociationwithotherswhohavehaditorarehavingitthemselves.Theapprenticescientistlearnsbestwhenhelearnsinanatmosphereofactiveresearchwork.Inallformsofscientificwork,aman'seffectivenessismultipliedwhenhehasthatdepthofunderstandingofhissubjectthatcomesonlywiththeexperienceofworkingataresearchproblem.

Theprocessofgraduateeducationdependsonresearchjustasmuchasupon“teaching”.

Indeed,thetwoareessentiallyinseparableandthereisaradicalerrorittryingtothinkofthemasdifferentoroppositeformsofactivity.Fromthepointofviewofthegraduatestudent,theteachingandtheresearchofhisprofessor-areatthecrucialpointwhichdefinesthewhole,uniteD.Whathelearnsisnotoppositefromresearch;itisresearch.Ofcoursemanynecessarypartsofascientist'seducationhavelittletodowithresearch,andobviously,also,formanyprofessorstheremustbeagapbetweenteachingastandardgraduatecourseandworkingatone'sownproblems.Moreover,manygoodteachersmenwhokeepupwiththenewworkintheirsubjectandcommunicateitsmeaningclearlytotheirstudentsarenotthemselvesengagedinresearch.Yetweinsistonthecentralpoint,thewould-bescientistmustlearnwhatitisliketodoscience,andthiswhichisresearchisthemostimportantthinghecanbe“taught”.

Sofarwehavebeenarguingthatgraduateeducationrequirestheexperienceofbasicresearch.Whathappenswhenweturnthematteraround,andaskwhetherbasicresearchmustbecarriedononlyinconjunctionwithgraduateeducation?Heretheanswercannotbesocategorical.Thoughourgeneralconvictionisthatafundamentallyreciprocalrelationdoesexist,itisclearthatresearchofoutstandingqualityisoftencarriedoninisolationfromreachingandindeedquite,outsidetheuniversities.Whilethegreat,teacherofgraduatestudentsisalmostinvariablyaresearchmantoo,therearemanynotablescientistswhohaveaslittleaspossibletodowithteaching.First-rateindustrialandgovernmentallaboratorieswithcommitmentstospecificprogramsarenecessarilyseparatedinsomemeasurefromteachingofaconventionalsort.Thus,basicresearchcanbecarriedonwithoutmuchconnectiontograduateeducation.

Yetinthelongrunitisdangeroustoseparateresearchinanyfieldentirelyfromeducation.Thepoolofgraduatestudentsinouruniversitiesisthepoolfromwhichthescientistofthefuturemustcome.Theseyoungpeopledonoteasilystudywhatisnottaught;theydonotoftenlearnthemeaningofresearchwhichdoesnotexistintheirenvironment.Ascientificfieldwhichhasnoresearchlifeintheuniversitiesisatagravedisadvantageinrecruitingnewmembers.Aslearningandteachingrequireresearch,soresearch,intheend,cannotbesustainedwithoutteaching.Henceitisalwaysimportantforresearchinstallationstomaintaineffectiveconnectionswithstudents.

Thereisalsothefactthatinthewidersenseall-rate-researchlaboratoriesarepermeatedbyanatmosphereoflearning.Successfulresearchcanbedefined,indeed,aslearningwhathasnotbeentaughtbefore,andagoodscientistisconstantlylearningfromothers.Webelievethatresearch,learningandteachingaredeeplyconnectedprocesseswhichshouldkepttogetherwhereverpossible.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,basicresearch（）.

2.Ourscientificageischaracterizedby（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,ascientistisone（）.

4.Indiscussingtherelationshipbetweenresearchandgraduateeducationtheauthorthink（）.

5.Anapprenticescientistlearnsbetterinanatmosphereofresearchworkbecause（）.

問題1選項

A.isaimedatunderstandingandtherefore,isbasicallyabstractandtheoretical.

B.hasopenedthewaytoentirelynewtechniquesinelectronics

C.givesusdeeperinsightintosomeaspectsofthebehaviorofcomplexbiologicalsocialsystems.

D.issometimeshardtodistinguishfromappliedscience.

問題2選項

A.thevanishingofbarriersbetweenpureandappliedsciences

B.thedisappearanceofdifferencesbetweenpureandappliedsciences

C.practicalapplicationsofsomeofthemostabstractandImpracticalbranchesscience

D.theinventionofnewandrefinedtoolsforinvestigationandresearch

問題3選項

A.whoisabletoparticipateinbasicresearchandworkontheunsolvedproblems

B.whoisabletodevelophisabilitiesinsolvingproblems

C.whoiscompetenttoshowtheprocessofresearchtoothers

D.whoiscapableofdoingallabove-mentioned

問題4選項

A.thatgraduateeducationdependsonresearchjustasmuchasuponteaching.

B.thatgraduatestudentslearnbetterwhentheyworkataresearchproblem

C.thatgraduateeducationrequirestheexperienceofbasicresearch

D.thatgraduateeducationandresearchareinseparableanddependoneachother.

問題5選項

A.graduateeducationrequirestheexperienceofbasicresearch.

B.manyprofessorsareengagedinresearchandthisisthemostimportantthingtheyteach.

C.whenapersonisdoingresearchhehasabetterunderstandingofthesubjecthelearningandthus,theeffectivenessisincreased

D.theprocessofgraduateeducationandtheprocessofbasicresearchbelongtogethereverypossiblelevel

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。A選項可以定位到文章中“Becausebasicresearchisaimedatunderstandingratherthanatpracticalresults,thelaymansometimesassumesthatitisentirelyabstractandtheoretical.”中文翻譯為：因為基礎研究旨在理解而不是實際結果，所以，外行有時認為它完全是抽象的和理論性的?？芍狝選項錯誤；由B選項可以定位到文章中“Conversely,theextensiveuseofthistoolinbasicsciencehasopenedthewaytoentirelynewtechniquesinelectronics.”中文翻譯為：相反，在基礎科學中廣泛使用這一工具，為電子領域的全新技術開辟了道路?！笨芍狟選項錯誤；由C選項可以定位到文章中“whiletheunderstandingofthetechniquesofusingcomputershas,ontheotherhand,givenusdeeperinsightintosomeaspectsofthebehaviorofcomplexbiologicalandsocialsystems.”中文翻譯為：另一方面，對計算機技術的理解使我們對復雜的生物和社會系統(tǒng)的某些方面有了更深入的了解。可知C選項符合作者觀點；根據(jù)D選項可以定位到原文“Indeed,onestrikingcharacteristicofourscientificagehasbeenthedisappearanceofthebarriersbetweenpureandappliedscience.”中文翻譯為：事實上，我們這個科學時代的一個顯著特點是，純科學和應用科學之間的障礙消失了。障礙消失不代表很難將基礎科學與應用科學之間區(qū)分開，故排除D選項。因此答案為C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞scientificage可定位到文章“Indeed,onestrikingcharacteristicofourscientificagehasbeenthedisappearanceofthebarriersbetweenpureandappliedscience”，中文翻譯為：事實上，我們這個科學時代的一個顯著特點是，純科學和應用科學之間的障礙消失了。因此A項“純科學與應用科學之間的障礙消失了”正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文“Bythewordscientistwemeansomeonewhoisfittotakepartinbasicresearch,tolearnwithoutateacher,todiscoverandattacksignificantproblemsnotyetsolved,toshowthenatureofthisprocesstoothers—someone,inshort,whoisequippedtospendalifetimeintheadvancementofscience,tothebestofhisability.”，中文翻譯為：根據(jù)科學家這個詞，我們可以說他是適合于基礎研究、自主學習，發(fā)現(xiàn)并攻擊尚未解決的重大問題，而且向他人展示這一過程的本質(zhì)。簡而言之，科學家會在科學進步中奉獻一生并且盡最大能力去完成。因此，最佳答案為D項。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞therelationshipbetweenresearchandgraduateeducation可以定位到原文“Theprocessofgraduateeducationandtheprocessofbasicresearchbelongtogetherateverypossiblelevel.Thetwokindsofactivityreinforceeachotherinagreatvarietyof,andeachisweakenedwhencarriedonwithouttheother.”，中文翻譯為：研究生教育的過程和基礎研究的過程是各方面的