書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學博達學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Intheearly1990svariousmeasureswere（

）toencouragesavings,stimulateinvestmentandmotivateworkereffort.

問題1選項

A.implemented

B.imparted

C.complimented

D.exploited

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。implement“實施，執(zhí)行”；impart“給予”；compliment“恭維，稱贊”；exploit“開發(fā)，開拓”。句意：二十世紀九十年代早期社會實施各種措施來鼓勵存款，刺激投資以及激發(fā)工作的積極性。選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethey’llsay,“Success.”ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericanssinceEuropeansdiscovereda“newworld”intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:inLettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)hewrote,“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfetteredandunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself—Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil,starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.”Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.

OurnationalmythologyisfullofillustrationoftheAmericansuccessstory.There’sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillionseveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,”and“dressingforsuccess.”Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.

Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto“makeit”alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe“right”neighborhoods,wearthe“right”clothes,eatthe“right”foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.

1.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?

2.Bysaying“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”(Para.1),theauthormeans（）.

3.ThecharactersdescribedinHoratioAlger’snovelsarepeoplewho（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat（）.

5.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項

A.Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.t

B.Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.t

C.Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.t

D.Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.t

問題2選項

A.themorediligentoneis,thebiggerhisreturnst

B.laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustryt

C.aman’sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystept

D.acompany’ssuccessdependsonitsemployees’hardworkt

問題3選項

A.succeededinrealestateinvestmentt

B.earnedenormousfortunesbychancest

C.becamewealthyafterstartinglifeverypoort

D.becamefamousdespitetheirmodestoriginst

問題4選項

A.businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriaget

B.Americanswishtosucceedineveryaspectoflifet

C.goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccesst

D.successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildrent

問題5選項

A.TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.t

B.Statussymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson’swealth.t

C.TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.t

D.WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“在克雷夫科爾看來，美國夢的本質是什么？”。根據題干定位到文章第一段EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders（像克雷夫科爾這樣的早期移民高度贊揚了在這片新土地上發(fā)現的自由和機會；他對一個任何人都可以通過誠實和勤奮獲得成功的無階級社會的熱情洋溢的描述激發(fā)了許多歐洲讀者的想象力），由此可知，在克雷夫科爾看來，這里的人只要誠實、努力工作就會獲得成功的機會，而這種機會從根本上說是源自美國的自由；故D項“人們可以充分享受個人自由”符合題意。A項“人們可以自由地發(fā)展自己的想象力”，表述與原文不符合；B項“誠實和努力工作的人能成功”，表述太絕對；C項“人民從剝削和壓迫中解放出來”這不屬于克雷夫科爾的觀點。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“第一段作者通過說‘一個人的辛勤勞動所得到的回報與他的勞動進步是同等的’的意思是……”。題干的句子出現在文章第一段最后一句話Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.（在這片土地上，“一個人的辛勤勞動所得到的回報與他的勞動進步是同等的”，這一承諾吸引了來自歐洲的貧窮移民，并推動了國家向西部地區(qū)的擴張），結合上一句Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfetteredandunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself—Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil,starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.（我們都對一種不受束縛、不受約束的工業(yè)精神感到興奮，因為每個人都為自己工作；我們沒有為他們辛勞、挨餓和流血的君主；我們是現存于世界上最完美的社會）可知，題干的這句話的意思是一個人越勤奮得到的回報越多，故A項“一個人越勤奮，他的回報就越大”正確。B項“費力的工作確保了產業(yè)的發(fā)展”和C項“一個人的事業(yè)應該一步一步的發(fā)展”均不符合原文意思；D項“一個公司的成功取決于它的員工的努力工作”，文章沒有提到公司。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“阿爾杰小說中描述的人物是……”。根據題干定位到文章第二段第三句Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales（19世紀，年輕男孩小說作家阿爾杰憑借描寫白手起家的故事成為美國暢銷書作家）可知，阿爾杰小說中描述的人物是白手起家的，故C項“在開始貧窮的生活后變得富有”正確。A項“在房地產投資上很成功”不是描述阿爾杰小說的內容；B項“靠運氣賺了巨大的財富”和D項“雖然出身卑微，卻很出名”不正確。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第二段的最后一句話可以推斷出……”。根據題干定位到第二段最后一句Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.（成功的神話甚至已經侵入了我們的人際關系：如今，在婚姻或為人父母方面取得“成功”與在事業(yè)上取得成功一樣重要），由此可推斷，美國人希望在婚姻、生活和事業(yè)等各方面都取得成功，故B項“美國人希望在生活的各個方面都成功”正確。A項“事業(yè)上的成功往往有助于一個成功的婚姻”和C項“良好的人際關系導致商業(yè)成功”，表述不準確；D項“成功的商人為他們的孩子提供良好的照顧”文章未提及。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者認為美國文化的悖論是什么？”。根據文章最后一句Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.（這些身份差別的象征物一方面使我們堅信人人平等，另一方面我們又竭盡全力將自己和他人區(qū)分開來），由此可知美國人崇尚人人平等，但是又努力追求成功和地位，所以D項“美國人所追求的往往與他們的信仰相矛盾”表述正確。A項“美國的成功之路充滿了噩夢”，原文是Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.（但是夢很容易變成噩夢），該項表述不準確；B項“地位的象征并不是一個人財富的真實指標”，最后一段指出Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe“right”neighborhoods,wearthe“right”clothes,eatthe“right”foods.（在神話的壓力下，我們沉迷于地位的象征：我們試圖住在“正確”的社區(qū)，穿“正確”的衣服，吃“正確”的食物），可知文章并沒有把地位和財富作比較；C項“美國夢只是一個空洞的夢”，文中沒有這樣表述。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

3.單選題

Ifyourepeatedlyfindyourself_______oragreeingtorequestsyouarereluctanttofulfillandfeelingunhappyabout,youmightwanttolookatsomereasonswhyyousayyeswhenyouprefertosayno.

問題1選項

A.abstaining

B.acquiescing

C.accommodating

D.articulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“abstaining”意為“（投票時）棄權；回避；自制”；B選項“acquiescing”意為“默許；勉強同意”；C選項“accommodating”意為“容納；使適應；供應；調解”；D選項“articulating”意為“清晰地發(fā)（音）；明確有力地表達；用關節(jié)連接；使相互連貫”。句意：如果你不斷地發(fā)現自己默許或同意那些你不愿去滿足或感到不開心的要求，你可能想看看為什么你在更想說不的時候卻說“是”的原因。由題干可知，or是并列連詞表選擇，說明橫線處與agreeing（同意）意思相近，acquiescing有默許，勉強同意的意思。因此B選項符合題意。

4.單選題

AyoungcoupleemigratedsometimeagofromGreecetoEnglandandwasinvitedtobecomeamemberofalocalclub.Afterafewweeks,manyEnglishwomenfeltthatthebehaviorsoftheGreekmakeseemedlikeacomeonthatmakethemfeeluncomfortable!AtthesametimemanyEnglishmenfeltthattheGreekfemaleistooforwardinshowingthatsheissexuallyavailable!Infactnothingofthesortwashappeningandthewholemisunderstandingwascausedbythedifferent“intimacyzones”betweenpeopleofdifferentcultures.Asallanimalbeings,humanbeingsalsohaveadefinedspacearoundtheirbodies,whichtheyconsiderasvitalandtheyprotectasifitweretheirprivateproperty.Thisspaceiscalled“intimacyzones”andonlypeoplewhoareemotionallyclosetothepersonareallowedtoenterthiszone.Thatincludesparents,husbandsandwives,children,relatives,loversandclosefriends.

Greekshavean“intimacyzones”of25cmandsometimesevenless,whilefortheEnglishpeoplethiszoneisextendedto45cm.ThetwoGreeksfeltquitecomfortableatadistanceof25-30cmfromtheothers,withoutknowingthatthisdistancewasconsideredbytheEnglishasan“invasion”oftheir“intimacyzones.”Moreover,thefactthatGreeksareusedtolookingattheirnewfriendsdirectlyintheeyeandoftentouchthemwhiletalkingmadeEnglishpeopleformthewrongimpressionandmisjudgedthem.EnglishpeopleconsideredharassmentwhattheGreekcoupleconsideredasatypicalsocialget-together!And,conversely,thetwoGreekswerethinkingthattheirnewEnglishfriendswererudeandcoldbecausetheyconstantlykeptmovingawayfromthemallthetime,tryingtomaintainasafedistance.

Psycho-geographicaltheorieshaveprovedthatMediterraneanpeopleandalltheinhabitantsofwarmclimatestendtoexpresstheirfeelingsinanextremelydemonstrativewayandusebodylanguagemoreoftenthanNorthernpeople,whoseculturewantsthemtoberestrainedandtoavoidgesturesandbodycontactwhiletalking.

Itseemsthatforthosewhotravelabroadthesafestruleisthat“WhenyouareinRome,doastheRomansdo”,evenifthatmeansthatyouhavetocontrolyourfriendlyattitudesoastoadjustyourbodylanguagetotheculturalstandardsofthecountrywhichyouarein.

1.TheGreekcoupleseemedto________.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthe“intimacyzone”?

3.A.Anintimacyzoneof25-30cmisconsidered________.

4.Thesafestrulewhentravelingabroadisto________.

5.Thepassageismainlywrittento________.

問題1選項

A.getalongwellwiththelocalpeople

B.berejectedbythelocalpeoplefromthebeginning

C.bequiteunpopularwiththelocalpeople

D.gettiredofdealingwiththelocalpeople

問題2選項

A.Itisauniquehumancharacteristic.

B.Itreferstothespacepeoplelivein.

C.Itisconsideredpersonalandimportant.

D.Itcanbeusedtotellfriendsfromenemies.

問題3選項

A.acomfortabledistancebytheEnglish

B.acomfortabledistancebyGreeks

C.rudeandcoldbytheEnglish

D.rudeandcoldbyGreeks

問題4選項

A.usemorebodylanguage

B.showafriendlyattitude

C.avoidbodycontactduringaconversation

D.followtherulesofthehostcountry

問題5選項

A.offertraveltipstopeopletravelingabroad

B.explainwhyhumanshaveintimacyzones

C.stresstheroleofbodylanguageincommunication

D.analyzemisunderstandingcausedbyculturaldifferences

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據第一段第二、三句Afterafewweeks,manyEnglishwomenfeltthatthebehaviorsoftheGreekmakeseemedlikeacomeonthatmakethemfeeluncomfortable!AtthesametimemanyEnglishmenfeltthattheGreekfemaleistooforward（幾個星期后，許多英國婦女覺得希臘人的行為似乎是一種挑逗，使她們感到不舒服！與此同時，許多英國男人覺得希臘女性表現得太過無禮），可知這對希臘夫婦不受當地人歡迎，所以C選項“不受當地人歡迎”正確，A選項“與當地人相處融洽”錯誤。B選項“從一開始就被當地人拒絕”：根據第一段第一句AyoungcoupleemigratedsometimeagofromGreecetoEnglandandwasinvitedtobecomeamemberofalocalclub.（一對年輕夫婦不久前從希臘移民到英國，并被邀請成為當地俱樂部的一員。），可知一開始這對希臘夫婦是被歡迎的，故錯誤。D選項“厭倦與當地人打交道”文中沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據第一段第五、六句Asallanimalbeings,humanbeingsalsohaveadefinedspacearoundtheirbodies,whichtheyconsiderasvitalandtheyprotectasifitweretheirprivateproperty.Thisspaceiscalled“intimacyzone”andonlypeoplewhoareemotionallyclosetothepersonareallowedtoenterthiszone.（作為動物，人類在自己的身體周圍也有一個特定的空間，他們認為這是至關重要的，他們像保護自己的私有財產一樣保護它。這個空間被稱為“親密區(qū)”，只有在情感上與對方親近的人才可以進入這個區(qū)域。），可知所有動物都有“親密區(qū)”，對人而言是身體周圍的空間，“親密區(qū)”很重要，且只對親近的人開放，所以C選項“它被視為私人且重要”正確，A選項“這是人類獨有的特點”和B選項“它指的是人們居住的空間”錯誤。D選項“它可以用來區(qū)分朋友和敵人”文章沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據第二段第二句ThetwoGreeksfeltquitecomfortableatadistanceof25-30cmfromtheothers,withoutknowingthatthisdistancewasconsideredbytheEnglishasan“invasion”oftheir“intimacyzone.”（兩名希臘人對彼此25-30厘米的距離感到很舒服，卻不知道英國人會把這個距離視為對他們“親密區(qū)”的“入侵”。），可知希臘人覺得25-30厘米的距離是舒服的，所以B選項“希臘人的舒適距離”正確，A選項“英國人的舒適距離”錯誤。C選項“英國人認為粗魯和冷漠”和D選項“希臘人認為粗魯和冷漠”；根據第二段最后一句And,conversely,thetwoGreekswerethinkingthattheirnewEnglishfriendswererudeandcoldbecausetheyconstantlykeptmovingawayfromthemallthetime,tryingtomaintainasafedistance.（相反，這兩個希臘人認為他們的英國新朋友既粗魯又冷漠，因為他們一直在遠離他們，試圖保持安全的距離。），可知這里指的是希臘人因為英國人在遠離他們而覺得他們粗魯和冷漠，跟25-30厘米的距離沒有直接關系。因此B選項正確。

4.語義推測題。根據第四段Itseemsthatforthosewhotravelabroadthesafestruleisthat“WhenyouareinRome,doastheRomansdo”,evenifthatmeansthatyouhavetocontrolyourfriendlyattitudesoastoadjustyourbodylanguagetotheculturalstandardsofthecountrywhichyouarein.（看來，出國旅行最安全的規(guī)則是“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”，即使這意味著你必須控制你的友好態(tài)度，把你的肢體語言調整到符合你所在國家的文化標準。），可知出國旅行按照所在國家的規(guī)則行事是最安全的，所以D選項“遵守東道國的規(guī)則”正確，A選項“多使用肢體語言”，B選項“表現出友好的態(tài)度”和C選項“談話時避免身體接觸”不符合題意。因此D選項正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章在第一段由希臘和英國的文化沖突引出“親密區(qū)”的概念，第二段由“親密區(qū)”的概念具體講述英國和希臘的社交文化差異，第三段比較不同地域的人的文化差異，最后一段給出處理不同文化差異的建議，所以D選項“分析文化差異造成的誤解”正確，A選項“為出國旅游的人提供旅游建議”，B選項“解釋為什么人類有親密地帶”和C選項“強調肢體語言在交際中的作用”是文章的一部分，不能概括全文。因此D選項正確。

5.問答題

ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilderculturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewest,anotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.ItscenterwasbeneathpresentdaySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoenclosemostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisianaandOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asitisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandcommerce,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.900and1,100,thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofacliffyIndiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30,000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokis,asthiscenterofMississippicultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramicsfinelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmicasheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12,000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintool-making,hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsalt-making.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

2.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewaslocated（

）.

3.Fromthispassage,wecaninferthatMeso-Americancultureshadatraditionof（

）.

【答案】1.主旨大意題。文章以MoundBuilderculture開頭，進而引出對MississippiCulture的介紹。

試題答案：

ThepassagemainlyintroducesthedevelopmentandachievementofMississippiCulture.

2.推理怕斷題。由文章開頭中的“ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilderculturewasdeclining...Tothewest,anotherculture”可知MoundBuilderculture位于東方。

試題答案：

intheeast

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章中的“probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandcommerce”可推測Meso-Americancultures有商業(yè)貿易的傳統(tǒng)。

試題答案：

tradeandcommerce

6.單選題

GiladShalit,anIsraelisoldierheldformorethanfiveyearsbyHamas,theIslamistPalestiniangroupthatrunsGaza,wasfreedinexchange（）1,027Palestinianprisoners.Thefirstbatchof477ofthemwasreleasedthisweek;theremainderareexpectedtobelet（）nextmonth.

問題1選項

A.for,out

B.for,off

C.of,out

D.of,off

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。inexchangefor“用……交換(物品間交換)”；inexchangeof“換取”；let(sb)off“寬恕，使爆炸/爆發(fā)”；let(sb)out“釋放/放出，泄露，出租”。句意：吉拉德?沙利特，一名被管理加沙的巴勒斯坦伊斯蘭組織哈馬斯關押了5年多的以色列士兵，以交換1027名巴勒斯坦囚犯為條件后獲釋。其中的477人已于本周獲釋，其余的人預計將于下月獲釋。由題意可知第一空應該填inexchangeof，第二空應填letout，因此C選項正確。

7.問答題

We'dratherhavelongwaitsthan(A)noshiftingofthescenes,and(B)alltheactorson(C)thestagedoing(D)nothing.

【答案】試題答案：B;with

【解析】考查獨立主格。with表示伴隨狀況，其結構為：with+名詞/代詞+現在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語。

8.翻譯題

Winnershavedifferentpotentials.Achievementisnotthemostimportantthing.Authenticityis.Theauthenticpersonexperiencestherealityofhimselfbyknowinghimself,beinghimself,andbecominghimself.Heactualizedhisownunprecedenteduniqueness,andappreciatestheuniquenessofothers.

Awinnerisnotafraidtodohisownthinkingandtousehisownknowledge.Hecanseparatefactsfromopinionanddoesn’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Helistenstoothers,evaluateswhattheysay,butcomestohisownconclusions.Whilehecanadmireandrespectotherpeople,heisnottotallydefined,demolished,boundorawedbythem.

【答案】

成功者的潛質各不相同，成就并不是最重要的，活得真實才是。一個真實的人通過了解自我，堅持自我，使自己成為值得信賴、樂于回應的人來體驗真實的自我。它實現前所未有的獨特的自我，同時也尊重他人的獨特之處。

成功者不懼怕獨立思考，也不懼怕獨立運用知識，他能夠區(qū)分哪些是事實，哪些是觀點，同時并不宣稱洞察一切。他傾聽他人的意見，琢磨他人的話語，但是自行做出結論，他可以欽羨、尊重別人，可是他絕不為他人所局限，所束縛，不會對他們敬若神靈。

9.單選題

Itistruethatasasocialorganizationmovesfromthesimpletothecomplex,sodoestheorganizationthroughwhichiteducatesitschildren.Growthandchangearevitalifeducationistomeetnewneedsanddemands.Inaverysimplesocialorder,itmaysufficetohavetheparentscarryontheeducationoftheirchildren.However,aswillbeshownlaterinmoredetail,suchamethodmaybecomeentirelyuntenable（難維持的）,andspecialindividualsareentrustedwiththetask.Thesemaybehiredprivatelyfirst,butsoonthesocialgroup,thechurch,village,andthelikewillberesponsibleforeducation.Eventually,specialtrainingisrequiredforthosewhodotheteaching,andanagencytocontrolthistrainingisneeded.Thustheinfluenceofthelocalgovernmentunit,suchasthetown,township,andlaterthestateortheprovince,becomesnecessary.Itwasgenerallyconsideredsimplertouseasaunitthealreadyexistinglocalunit.

1.Theclosestrestatementofthefirstsentenceis（）

2.Thewriterwouldprobablyarguefor（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhythelocalgovernmentunitbecomesinfluentialisthat（）

4.Theauthorpromisestoexplain（）

5.Wemayinferfromthecontextthatthephrase“thetask”inLine6refersto（）

問題1選項

A.themorecomplexasocialorganizationbecomes,themorecomplextheeducationalsystembecomes

B.thecomplexityofasocialorganizationdependsonthecomplexityoftheeducationalsystem

C.socialorganizationsaretrulyascomplexastheyneedtobeforeducationalpurposes

D.oursocietymustbecomplexifwewantoureducationsystemtoserveourchildren’seducationalrequirements

問題2選項

A.moreparentalinfluenceineducation

B.aneducationalsystemwhichtakessocialcomplexityintoaccount

C.strictstatecontrolofeducation

D.morespecialtrainingforteachers

問題3選項

A.teachersbecometoopowerful

B.enrollmentincreases

C.aneedarisestocontroltheeducationofteachers

D.thechurchorvillagelackstheabilitytooverseeeducation

問題4選項

A.thenecessityofthelocalgovernmentalunit

B.whyitissimplertousethegovernmenttocontroleducation

C.theresponsibilityofthesocialgroup

D.whyparentsshouldnotteachtheirchildren

問題5選項

A.theeducationofchildren

B.thetrainingofteachers

C.thecontrolofeducation

D.theinfluenceofthelocalgovernmentunit

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。原文第一句話的意思是：當一個社會組織從簡單走向復雜時,它教育孩子的組織也會從簡單走向復雜。也就是說社會組織越復雜,教育系統(tǒng)就越復雜。選項A更符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據本文的第一句話可知,作者強調的是社會復雜性對教育的影響,所以教育系統(tǒng)應該考慮到社會復雜性,選項B符合原文。選項A表述錯誤,選項C和D不是作者主要討論的話題。

3.判斷推理題。根據本文的倒數二三句的內容“specialtrainingisrequired...becomesnecessary.”那些從事教學的人需要特殊的培訓,需要一個機構來控制這種培訓。因此,地方政府單位的影響是必要的。也就是說地方政府單位具有影響力的原因是需要對教師的教育進行控制。選項C符合原文。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據原文的最后一句“Itwasgenerallyconsideredsimplertouseasaunitthealreadyexistinglocalunit.”可以推斷作者接下來應該會解釋：為什么借用當地（政府）的力量會更簡單。選項B正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據原文的內容,（僅僅由父母來教育孩子）這一方法可能會難以維持下去,專業(yè)人員將會處理這一任務。由此推斷,這個任務即上文提到的對孩子的教育,選項A正確。

10.單選題

Youinvestintheequitymarkettoprovideyourselfwithstreamoffuturedividendswhichwillhopefully_______inflation.

問題1選項

A.outpace

B.outface

C.outgrow

D.outlaw

【答案】A

【解析】outpace超過…速度,趕過;outface蔑視;outgrow出生,蛻變;outlaw將…放逐,宣布…不合法。句意：投資股票市場會給自己帶來未來的紅利，而且它將有望趕超通貨膨脹。選項A符合句意。

11.單選題

Duringtheoilcrisisofthe1970s,manystates（

）speedlimitstoreducegasolineuse.

問題1選項

A.implanted

B.imposed

C.impaired

D.impressed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。implant“種植；灌輸”；impose“強加，征稅”；impair“損害；削弱”；impress“蓋印；給人留下印象”。句意：在1970石油危機期間，很多州強制限速來減少對石油的消耗。選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionabound.

Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theyarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher5sme,here,nowbecomesthecommunity’sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingpoint.

Onceadiscoveryclaimbecomespublic,thediscovererreceivesintellectualcredit.But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic（includingotherscientists）receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,theinteractionandconfrontationbetweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scrediblediscovery.

Twoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingKnowledgethatisviewedasincompleteorincorrect.Littlerewardaccompaniesduplicationandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalisnew-search，notre-search.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationorrefutationbyfutureresearchers.Second，noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureateandphysiologistAlbertAzent-Gyorgyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhateverybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought.”Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandtellingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.Sometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedandappreciated.

Intheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim-aprocessthatcorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.“Wereasontogether,challenge,revise,andcompleteeach,other’sreasoningandeachother’sconceptionsofreason.”

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theprocessofdiscoveryischaracterizedbyits（）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatcredibilityprocessrequires（）.

3.Paragraph3showsthatadiscoveryclaimbecomescredibleafterit（）.

4.AlbertSzent-Gyorgyiwouldmostlikelyagreethat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetest?

問題1選項

A.uncertaintyandcomplexity

B.misconceptionanddeceptiveness

C.logicalityandobjectivity

D.systematicnessandregularity

問題2選項

A.strictinspection

B.sharedefforts

C.individualwisdom

D.persistentinnovation

問題3選項

A.hasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublic

B.hasbeenexaminedbythescientificcommunity

C.hasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewers

D.hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientists

問題4選項

A.scientificclaimswillsurvivechallenges

B.discoveriestodayinspirefutureresearch

C.effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified

D.scientificworkcallsforacriticalmind

問題5選項

A.NoveltyasanEngineofScientificDevelopment

B.CollectiveScrutinyinScientificDiscovery

C.EvolutionofCredibilityinDoingScience

D.ChallengetoCredibilityattheGatetoScience

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵詞thefirstparagraph和theprocessofdiscovery定位至第一段句Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.但在科學的日常實踐中，發(fā)現常常遵循一條模糊而復雜的路線。A項中的uncertainty和complexity分別為ambiguous和complicated的同義替換，故A項正確。由第一段最后一句“Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionabound.”科學發(fā)現過程中可能存在很多誤解、錯誤和自欺。但這些只是可能性，不是科學發(fā)現過程的本質特點，故排除B項。本段第一句“Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.在科學是如何進行的理想化狀態(tài)中，關于世界的事實正等著被客觀的研究人員觀察和收集，他們用科學的方法來進行他們的工作?！盋D兩項提到的都是理想化的特點，不是科學發(fā)現過程的真實特點，故排除。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵詞credibilityprocess定位到第二段"Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher'sme,here,nowbecomesthecommunity’sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingpoint.這就是可信度的過程，通過這個過程，個體研究者的我，在這里，現在變成了社區(qū)的任何人，任何地方，任何時間。客觀知識是目標，不是起點。可知科學發(fā)現獲得公眾可信度的過程需要每個人的努力，故B項正確。ACD三項都是該過程的一個方面。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據第三段“Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,theinteractionandconfrontationbetweensharedandcompetingbeliefsabout