書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)中山學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Wantingto（）muchandworkingharderthaneverdonotleavemuchroomforrelationships.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preoccupy

B.feast

C.accomplish

D.predominate

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。preoccupy“使全神貫注”；feast“赴宴”；accomplish“完成”；predominate“支配，主宰”。句意：想要占主導(dǎo)地位，就要比以往任何時(shí)候都更努力地工作，不要給人際關(guān)系留下太多時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Themeterneedstobecarefully______beforeanymeasurementsaremade.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.derogated

B.foreboded

C.tamped

D.calibrated

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.derogated減損，貶損；誹謗B.foreboded預(yù)示，預(yù)感，預(yù)兆

C.tamped夯實(shí)；砸實(shí)；填塞D.calibrated校準(zhǔn)；使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息beforeanymeasurementsaremade（在進(jìn)行任何測(cè)量之前）和關(guān)鍵詞meter（計(jì)量表）可知，在進(jìn)行測(cè)量之前，測(cè)量表要仔細(xì)的校準(zhǔn)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】在進(jìn)行任何測(cè)量之前，儀表需要仔細(xì)校準(zhǔn)。

3.單選題

Silver______easilyandturnsblackifnotpolishedregularly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.snookers

B.stews

C.tarnishes

D.douse

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.snookers阻撓B.stews燉；焦慮

C.tarnishes失去光澤，變暗淡D.douse澆滅，熄；沉浸

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由后半句的句意“銀器如果不定期擦拭就會(huì)變黑”可知，銀器很容易失去光澤，C項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】銀器很容易失去光澤，如果不定期擦拭就會(huì)變黑。

4.單選題

DeadSeaisasaltwaterlakeinsouthwesternAsia.Itsshore,whichliesabout399metersbelowsealevel,isthelowestplaceonthesurfaceoftheearth.TheDeadSeaisthesaltiestbodyofwaterintheworld.Itisaboutninetimesassaltyastheocean.ThelakeliesatthemouthoftheRiverJordanandformspartoftheborderbetweenIsraelandJordan.

ThesaltywatersofDeadSeaappearsmoothandsparkling.Rockyandbarrenlandsurroundsthelake,andsteep,brightlycoloredcliffsriseaboveitseasternandwesternbanks.ThelakeiscalledtheDeadSeabecausefewplantsandnofishexceptbrineshrimpliveinitswaters.Inaddition,littleplantlifegrowsinthesaltysoilaroundtheDeadSea.

TheDeadSealiesintheGhor,adeepfault(breakintheearth'soutershell,alongwhichrockhasmoved).Thelakecoversabout1,040squarekilometers.Itis18kilometerswideatitswidestpointandabout80kilometerslong.

ApeninsulacalledAtLisanjutsintotheDeadSeafromitseasternshoreanddividesthelakeintoalargenorthernbasinandasmallersouthernbasin.Thelake'sdeepestpartisinthenorthernbasin.Inthisarea,thelakebosomlies400metersbelowthesurfaceandabout799metersbelowsealevel.

Sincetheearly1900's,thewaterleveloftheDeadSeahasbeenslowlyfalling.Theregiongetslessthan100millimetersofrainannually.TheRiverJordanandseveralstreamspourrelativelyfreshwaterintothelake.Thefreshwatermixeswithsaltywateratthesurface.Butextremeheatintheareacausesthiswatertoevaporaterapidly.Thus,theDeadSeanevergrowslesssalty.Thehighsaltcontentofthewaterprovidesgreatbuoyancy,enablingswimmerstofloatwithease.

TheDeadSeacontainslargequantitiesofminerals,includingcommonsalt,bromine,calciumchloride,andpotassiumchloride.AnIsraelicompanycalledtheDeadSeaWorkextractsthemineralsfromthewaterforuseinmakingsuchproductsastablesalt,fertilizer,anddrugs.

AtthesouthernendoftheDeadSeaanetworkofdikesformsshallowpoolsthatcovermorethat100squarekilometers.Thesepoolsevaporateandleavebehindmineralsolids,whicharethenrefinedbytheDeadSeaWorks.SomepeoplebelievethatbathingintheDeadSeaishealthfulbecauseofitshighmineralcontent.Severalhealthresortsintheareaprovidefacilitiesforbathers.

TheDeadSeawasprobablyformedmillionsofyearsagowhentheArabianpeninsulaandtheAfricancontinentshiftedandformedtheGreatRiftValley.TheDeadSeaismentionedintheBibleasTheSaltSea.TheancientcitiesofSodomandGomorrahstoodnearthelake.

1.WhatarethestrikingmainfeaturesoftheDeadSea?

2.Extremeheatisresponsiblefor（）.

3.Scholarsarenotquitesureabout（）.

4.TheDeadSeais（）.

5.ThewaterintheDeadSeaissosaltythatpeoplecan（）.

6.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat（）.

7.Inthephrase"Inthisarea"inline3ofparagraph4,"thisarea"refersto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.DeadSeaisapartofAsia.

B.Itisthesaltiestandlowestlakeoftheworld.

C.DeadSeaisnotsodeadthatsomefishcanliveinitswater.

D.Theregiongetsalotrainannually.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thehighsaltcontentofthewater

B.richresources

C.alonghistory

D.thewateroftheDeadSea

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theSaltSea

B.theBible

C.minerals

D.theformationoftheDeadSea

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.tothesoutheasternAsia

B.notbarrenland

C.abundantinminerals

D.dead

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.batheinitformedicalpurpose

B.swiminit

C.floateasilyinthewater

D.useitastheonlysourceforsalt

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.thewaterlevelnowislowerthanitwasbeforeearly1900's

B.manyhealthresortsarebuiltaroundtheDeadSeasinceearly1900's

C.thereisnolifeintheDeadSea

D.theheavyraineachyeargreatlydilutethewaterintheDeadSea

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.theDeadSea

B.AtLisan

C.Northernbasin

D.Southernbasin

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的二三句“Itsshore,whichliesabout399metersbelowsealevel,isthelowestplaceonthesurfaceoftheearth.TheDeadSeaisthesaltiestbodyofwaterintheworld.”可知,死海最顯著的幾個(gè)特征是海拔最低,海水最咸,所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第五段的倒數(shù)二三句“Butextremeheatintheareacausesthiswatertoevaporaterapidly.Thus,theDeadSeanevergrowslesssalty.”該地區(qū)的極端高溫導(dǎo)致這些水迅速蒸發(fā)。因此,死海的鹽分從未減少過(guò)。也就是海水含鹽量大,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“TheDeadSeawasprobablyformedmillionsofyearsago...”由“probably”可以推測(cè),學(xué)者們對(duì)死海的形成不太確定。選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)第七段倒數(shù)第二句“...bathingintheDeadSeaishealthfulbecauseofitshighmineralcontent.”有些人認(rèn)為,在死海洗澡是健康的,因?yàn)樗缓V物質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Thehighsaltcontentofthewaterprovidesgreatbuoyancy,enablingswimmerstofloatwithease.”含鹽量極高的水提供了巨大的浮力,使游泳者可以輕松漂浮。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

6.根據(jù)第五段第一句“Sincetheearly1900's,thewaterleveloftheDeadSeahasbeenslowlyfalling.”可知選項(xiàng)A符合原文,其他選項(xiàng)均表述錯(cuò)誤。

7.根據(jù)原文上一句提到,這個(gè)湖最深的地方在北部水域,下一句指出湖泊位于水面以下400米,海平面以下約799米,說(shuō)明“Inthisarea”指的就是北部水域,選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.單選題

The______behaviorofJohn’sarousedgreatconcernamonghiscolleagues.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.violent

B.aberrant

C.abominable

D.hostile

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)violent“暴力的”，B項(xiàng)aberrant“異常的，畸變的”，C項(xiàng)abominable“討厭的，令人憎惡的”，D項(xiàng)hostile“敵對(duì)的，敵方的”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)behavior，結(jié)合賓語(yǔ)部分的內(nèi)容“引起同事們的極大關(guān)注”可知，空格處填入B項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境。句意：約翰的反常行為引起了同事們的極大關(guān)注。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Inthewakeofthe70-vehiclepileup,aslewoflawsuitsareexpectedtobe_______againstdrivers,truckingcompaniesandseveralstateagenciesallegingnegligenceandwrongfuldeath.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.subjected

B.filed

C.committed

D.surrendered

【答案】B

【解析】subject使屈從于……,使隸屬;file把……歸檔,提出(申請(qǐng)等);commit犯罪,做錯(cuò)事;surrender投降,自首。句意：在這起70輛汽車(chē)連環(huán)相撞事件發(fā)生后,預(yù)計(jì)將對(duì)司機(jī)、貨運(yùn)公司和幾家州政府機(jī)構(gòu)提起一系列訴訟,指控他們玩忽職守和過(guò)失殺人。filealawsuitagainst控告,起訴。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

Werealizedthathewasundergreat（）,sowetooknonoticeofhisbadtemper.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.excitement

B.stress

C.crisis

D.nervousness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)excitement“興奮”；B選項(xiàng)stress“壓力”；C選項(xiàng)crisis“危機(jī)”；D選項(xiàng)nervousness“緊張”。句意：我們知道他壓力很大，所以我們沒(méi)在意他的壞脾氣。A，C，D都不能與under搭配，只有undergreatstress為固定搭配，表示“在巨大的壓力下”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

PassageOne

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Robotswilltakeovertheworld.

B.Robotswillrenderthemjobless.

C.Robotscanbeoverusedinhomes.

D.Robotscanbecontrollingtheirlives.22.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itiswelldevelopedforhomeuse.

B.Itstillhastechnicalobstaclestoovercome.

C.Itcanworkindangerousplacesorsituations.

D.Ithasthepotentialtobebuiltwithalaserdevice.23.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Risingcostoflabor.

B.Increasingamountofwealth.

C.Growingnumberofagedpeople.

D.Pressingneedsformodernization.24.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Enthusiastic.

B.Indifferent.

C.Doubtful.

D.Resentful.25.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.People’saffordability.

B.People’sacceptance.

C.Technicaladvances.

D.Marketpromotion.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】Robotshavebeeninthenewsalotlately.Andarecentpollfoundthat1/3oftheUKpublicisconcernedthatrobotswilltakeovertheirjobs.Butwhataboutrobotsinthehome?Oneofthemostpopularrobotsforthehomeisarobotvacuumcleaner,whichcanalsomassivelycleanyourhomewithverylittlehumaninput.AnitaroboticsisacompanystartedbyagroupofroboticsengineersfromStanfordUniversity.Theywantedtouserobotstoperformhumanchoresatanaffordableprice.ThetechnologytheydevelopedfortheirvacuumcleanersusesalaserGuidesystemtomapoutthehomein360degrees.Thisenablesthemachinetoavoidobstaclesanddangerslikestairs.AlotofsouthernEuropeancountriesareembracingthiscategoryandalsoinScandinavia.

TheScandinavianmarkethasbeenveryinteresting.They’vedonealotofresearchintryingtomodernizetheirwealth,wheretheyhaveagrowingagingpopulation.Andtheyarelookingtodeployroboticvacuumcleanersinoldpeople’shomestoactuallydothecleaning.Andnow,almost30%oftheusersareover55yearsofage.It’saverybroadspectrumofpeople.IntheUK,therehasbeenarelativelyslowadoptionofrobotsinthehome.Ithinkmaybeasaculture,we’reabitmoreskepticalonhowgoodcantheserebelsreallyperformandtaketheplaceofdoingmyvacuuming?Ibelievethiswilltakeawhilebeforerobotsareabletodoeverythingforus,atleastintheUK.Italsodependsonpeople’swillingnesstoallowthesemachinesintoourdailylives.

21.Whatwastheconcernintherecentpoll?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：最近的民意調(diào)查關(guān)注的是什么？由文中“Andarecentpollfoundthat1/3oftheUKpublicisconcernedthatrobotstakeovertheirjobs.（最近的一項(xiàng)民意調(diào)查表明三分之一的英國(guó)民眾對(duì)機(jī)器人會(huì)取代他們的工作表示關(guān)注。）”，可知B選項(xiàng)“Robotswillrenderthemjobless.（機(jī)器人會(huì)使他們失業(yè)。）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“機(jī)器人會(huì)統(tǒng)治世界”；C選項(xiàng)“機(jī)器人在家會(huì)被過(guò)度使用”；D選項(xiàng)“機(jī)器人可以控制他們的生活”不符合原文。

22.Whatcanwelearnabouttherobotvacuumcleaner?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：關(guān)于機(jī)器人吸塵器，我們能了解到什么？由文中“Theywantedtouserobotstoperformhumanchoresatanaffordableprice.（他們想使用機(jī)器人以合理的價(jià)格承擔(dān)人們的家務(wù)）”，可知A選項(xiàng)“Itiswelldevelopedforhomeuse.（很好地在家庭中使用）”符合原文。B選項(xiàng)“它仍然有技術(shù)障礙要克服”；C選項(xiàng)“它可以在危險(xiǎn)的地方或情況下工作”；D選項(xiàng)“它在用激光設(shè)備建造方面有潛力”不符合原文。

23.WhatisthemajorreasonbehindthepopularityofthecleanerintheScandinavianmarket?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：清潔器在斯堪的納維亞市場(chǎng)受歡迎的主要原因是什么？由文中“TheScandinavianmarkethasbeenveryinteresting.They’vedonealotofresearchintryingtomodernizetheirwealth,wheretheyhaveagrowingagingpopulation.Andtheyarelookingtodeployroboticvacuumcleanersinoldpeople'shomestoactuallydothecleaning.（斯堪的納維亞市場(chǎng)非常有趣。他們?cè)谑关?cái)富現(xiàn)代化方面做了很多研究，在這里老齡化人口較多。而且，他們希望運(yùn)用機(jī)器人真空吸塵器在老人家中幫他們從事實(shí)際的清潔打掃工作）”，可知在斯堪的納維亞地區(qū)吸塵器流行的一個(gè)原因是老齡化，所以C選項(xiàng)“Growingnumberofagedpeople.（增長(zhǎng)的老年人口）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“勞動(dòng)成本上升”；B選項(xiàng)“財(cái)富的增長(zhǎng)”；D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代化的迫切需求”不符合原文。

24.HowdopeopleintheUKreacttotherobotvacuumcleaner?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：英國(guó)人對(duì)機(jī)器人吸塵器有什么反應(yīng)？由文中“IntheUK,therehasbeenarelativelyslowadoptionofrobotsinthehome.Ithinkmaybeasaculture,we'reabitmoreskepticalonhowgoodcanthisrebelsreallyperform…（在英國(guó)，家庭對(duì)于機(jī)器人的接受還是相對(duì)較慢的。我想可能是因?yàn)槲幕脑?，我們?duì)如何運(yùn)用好這一新事物持有一點(diǎn)懷疑態(tài)度……）”，可知C選項(xiàng)“懷疑”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“樂(lè)觀”；B選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心的”；D選項(xiàng)“氣氛”不符合原文。

25.Whatisimportanttothewideuseofrobotsinthefuture?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：什么對(duì)未來(lái)機(jī)器人的廣泛應(yīng)用是重要的？由文中“Italsodependsonpeople’swillingnesstoallowthesemachinesintoourdailylives.（這取決于人們是否愿意讓這些機(jī)器人進(jìn)入我們的日常生活）”，可知機(jī)器人在未來(lái)的使用在于B選項(xiàng)“People’sacceptance.（人們的接受度）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“人們的負(fù)擔(dān)能力”；C選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)進(jìn)步”；D選項(xiàng)“市場(chǎng)推廣”不符合原文。

9.單選題

Onaverage,Americankidsages3to12spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children’sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.

“Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機(jī))thataffectstheirparents,”saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren’stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand“malebreadwinner”householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.

Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids.“Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,”saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers,butkidsaged3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit.

Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing“freetimewatchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let’sfaceit,who’sgotthetime?

1.Bymentioning“thesametimecrunch”(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor:thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis______.

3.Accordingtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif______.

4.TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids______.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents

B.childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents

C.parentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime

D.bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.quiteconvincing

B.partiallytrue

C.totallygroundless

D.ratherconfusing

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying

B.heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway

C.hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities

D.heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities

B.areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers

C.arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV

D.areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdwork

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren’sintelligence

B.mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff

C.effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful

D.mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildren

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文章第二段第一句Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機(jī))thataffectstheirparents.（孩子們和他們的父母一樣，也受到時(shí)間短缺的影響）。C選項(xiàng)“父母和孩子都因缺乏閑暇時(shí)間而受苦”，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，C選項(xiàng)符合句意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“孩子們幾乎沒(méi)有時(shí)間和父母一起玩”，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“孩子們沒(méi)有得到工作的父母很好的照顧”，文章沒(méi)有提到這一點(diǎn)，因此可排除。D選項(xiàng)“父母和孩子都在管理他們的時(shí)間上有困難”，不符合題意，可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到文章第二段第一句Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機(jī))thataffectstheirparents.（孩子們的影響同時(shí)緊縮（危機(jī)），影響他們的父母）。B選項(xiàng)“部分正確”，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。A選項(xiàng)“十分信服”，作者并沒(méi)有認(rèn)為她給出的理由是十分信服的。C選項(xiàng)“完全沒(méi)有事實(shí)根據(jù)”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“令人困惑的”，不符合題意，可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“他有大量的時(shí)間閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)”，文中最后一段所說(shuō)孩子們每周花在閱讀上的時(shí)間只有一個(gè)多小時(shí)，因此A可排除。B選項(xiàng)“他只能以自己的方式和同齡人玩游戲”，這里符合文章倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容“自由玩耍鼓勵(lì)孩子們獨(dú)立思考，并允許他們與同齡人協(xié)商他們的關(guān)系”，因此可推測(cè)和同齡人玩耍會(huì)使孩子發(fā)展得更好，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。C選項(xiàng)“他有更多的時(shí)間參加學(xué)校活動(dòng)”，參加學(xué)?；顒?dòng)，導(dǎo)致兒童的閑暇時(shí)間減少，因此不利于兒童發(fā)展，C選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“他可以自由地和他上班的父母交流”，文章所說(shuō)由于父母上班，導(dǎo)致兒童與父母之間的交流減少，因此D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文中第一段第二句Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.（她們也做更多的家務(wù)，參加更多的有組織的活動(dòng)，如足球和芭蕾舞。）A選項(xiàng)“areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities”（正在參與越來(lái)越多的有組織的活動(dòng)），符合文章所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，兒童參加越來(lái)越多有組織的活動(dòng)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“越來(lái)越多的小孩被工作的母親所忽視”，文章所說(shuō)，只是兩者之間交流時(shí)間減少，因此不符合題意，可排除B選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“花越來(lái)越多的時(shí)間看電視”，文章最后一段所說(shuō)“孩子們把他們迅速減少的四分之一的空閑時(shí)間花在看電視上”，因此C不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“家務(wù)活越來(lái)越少了”，文章第一段所說(shuō)“她們也做更多的家務(wù)”，因此可排除D選項(xiàng)。因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文。A選項(xiàng)“課外活動(dòng)能提高孩子的智力”，符合文章倒數(shù)第二段，課外活動(dòng)可以提高孩子的智力，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)孩子會(huì)在關(guān)掉電視的情況下看書(shū)”，文章最后一段所說(shuō)“如果他們?cè)陔娨暀C(jī)前花的時(shí)間減少了，孩子們也不會(huì)用閱讀來(lái)代替”，B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“讓孩子們對(duì)閱讀感興趣的努力取得了豐碩的成果”，文章最后一段所說(shuō)“盡管努力讓孩子們對(duì)書(shū)籍更感興趣，孩子們每周花在閱讀上的時(shí)間只有一個(gè)多小時(shí)”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)家長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為讀書(shū)對(duì)孩子有益”，文章沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，因此可排除D。因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

10.單選題

Itisadvisableto________anelectricwirewithrubberinordertosecuresafety.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.desolate

B.resolute

C.insolate

D.insulate

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。desolate“使荒涼，使孤寂”；resolute“堅(jiān)決的，剛毅的”；insolate“使暴曬”，insulate“隔離，使絕緣”。句意：為了安全起見(jiàn)，最好在電線涂上橡膠以絕緣。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

IfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant.WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.

Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunions’thriving.First,theycanshutthingsdownwithoutsufferingmuchinthewayofconsequences.Second,theyaremostlybrightandwell-educated.AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree.Third,theynowdominateleft-of-centrepolitics.Someoftheirtiesgobackalongway.Britain’sLaborParty,asitsnameimplies,haslongbeenassociatedwithtradeunionism.Itscurrentleader,EdMiliband,oweshispositiontovotesfrompublic-sectorunions.

Atthestateleveltheirinfluencecanbeevenmorefearsome.MarkBaldassareofthePublicPolicyInstituteofCaliforniapointsoutthatmuchofthestate'sbudgetispatrolledbyunions.Theteachers'unionskeepaneyeonschools,theCCPOAonprisonsandavarietyoflaborgroupsonhealthcare.

Inmanyrichcountriesaveragewagesinthestatesectorarehigherthanintheprivateone.Buttherealgainscomeinbenefitsandworkpractices.Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.

Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfaceddrawn-outbattles.Eventhoughthereisplentyofevidencethatthequalityoftheteachersisthemostimportantvariable,teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodones.

Asthecosttoeveryoneelsehasbecomeclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicangovernor.Butmanywithinthepublicsectorsufferunderthecurrentsystem,too.

JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuitthosewhowanttostayputbutisbadforhighachievers.TheonlyAmericanpublic-sectorworkerswhoearnwellabove$250,000ayearareuniversitysportscoachesandthepresidentoftheUnitedStates.Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforAmerica.

1.Paragraph1suggeststhat（）.

2.AccordingtoParagraph2,（）.

3.Paragraph4pointsoutthattheincomeinthestatesectoris（）.

4.ItcanbelearnedfromtheexampleoftheunionsinWisconsinthatunions（）

5.WhatisJohnDonahue’sattitudetowardsthepublic-sectorsystem?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.JimmyHoffausedtoworkasacivilservant

B.Teamstershaskeptgrowinginitsbodyofmembers

C.thenumberofunionistsinpublic-sectorhasincreased

D.thegovernmenthasimproveditsrelationshipwithunionists

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.auniversitydegreeisrequiredforpublic-sectorunionmembership

B.LaborPartyhaslongbeenfightingagainstpublic-sectorunions

C.public-sectorunionsseldomgetintroublefortheiractions

D.public-sectorunionsarehesitantintakingactions

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.fairlyadjusted

B.illegallysecured

C.indirectlyincreased

D.excessivelyincreased

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.oftenrunagainstthecurrentpoliticalsystem

B.maybeabarriertopublic-sectorreforms

C.canchangepeople’spoliticalattitudes

D.aredominantinthegovernment

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tolerance.

B.Disapproval.

C.Indifference.

D.Appreciation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文第一段第二句“WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.”可知，在1960年只有十分之一的美國(guó)政府工作人員屬于工會(huì)而現(xiàn)在是36%。而由最后兩句“In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.”可知，2009年，美國(guó)公共部門(mén)工會(huì)成員的數(shù)量超過(guò)了私營(yíng)部門(mén)工會(huì)成員的數(shù)量。在英國(guó)，超過(guò)一半的公共部門(mén)員工加入了工會(huì)，但只有15%的私營(yíng)部門(mén)員工加入了工會(huì)。由此可以判斷，這么多年來(lái)，公共部門(mén)的工會(huì)成員人數(shù)有所增加，所以C選項(xiàng)表述正確。原文只是說(shuō)明JimmyHoffa如果活著可能會(huì)代表公務(wù)員，并不是說(shuō)他真的是公務(wù)員，因此A選項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容不符。B選項(xiàng)“卡車(chē)司機(jī)成員不斷增加”與原文內(nèi)容不符，原文只是說(shuō)1960年卡車(chē)司機(jī)處于巔峰時(shí)期，故表述錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“政府改善了它與工會(huì)的關(guān)系”，在原文中并未提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)：根據(jù)第二段可以得出……。原文第二段主要介紹了工會(huì)興盛的三個(gè)原因，原因一：他們可以在不承擔(dān)后果的情況下解決事情；原因二：他們大多聰明且受過(guò)良好的教育；原因三：他們現(xiàn)在主導(dǎo)著中間偏左的政治。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)表述正確，withoutsufferingmuch說(shuō)明他們很少惹上麻煩，即seldomgetintrouble。原文第二段第四句指出“AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree”，所以并不是所有的公共部門(mén)工會(huì)成員都被要求擁有大學(xué)學(xué)位?？膳袛郃選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。由原因三可知，工黨一直和工會(huì)聯(lián)系在一起，工黨領(lǐng)袖的當(dāng)選部分原因歸功于公共部分工會(huì)的投票，可判斷B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)的表述在原文中并未提及，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)：從第四段可以得知，國(guó)營(yíng)部門(mén)的收入是……。根據(jù)題干信息可定位到原文第4段第三句，通過(guò)Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.可知，政客們一再“加碼”公共部門(mén)的薪酬協(xié)議，要保持適度的工資增長(zhǎng)，但要增加假期，尤其是已經(jīng)很豐厚的養(yǎng)老金。由此可知，國(guó)營(yíng)部門(mén)的收入需要間接進(jìn)行提高?？膳袛郈選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)表示“公平調(diào)整”，B選項(xiàng)表示“非法獲得”，D選項(xiàng)表示“過(guò)度增加”，均與原文內(nèi)容不符，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)：我們可以從威斯康辛州工會(huì)的例子中了解到，工會(huì)應(yīng)該……。根據(jù)題干信息可定位到原文第六段第二句“InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicangovernor”，根據(jù)句意可知，在威斯康辛州，各工會(huì)集結(jié)了數(shù)千支持者，反對(duì)共和黨強(qiáng)硬派州長(zhǎng)ScottWalker。由此可知B選項(xiàng)“工會(huì)是公共部門(mén)改革的障礙”表述正確。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常與當(dāng)前的政治體制相抵觸”屬于推斷過(guò)度，而C選項(xiàng)“能改變?nèi)藗兊恼螒B(tài)度”和D選項(xiàng)“在政府中占主導(dǎo)地位”在原文中均為提及。因此，本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)：JohnDonahue對(duì)公共工會(huì)部門(mén)的態(tài)度是……。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文最后一段，由“Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforAmerica.”可知，銀行家豐厚的薪水引來(lái)了許多批評(píng)，但公共部門(mén)系統(tǒng)不獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)高成就者，這對(duì)美國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)可能是一個(gè)更大的問(wèn)題。由此可見(jiàn)，JohnDonahue對(duì)于美國(guó)的公共部門(mén)持有不支持的態(tài)度，因此B選項(xiàng)Disapproval最符合原文內(nèi)容，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)表示“容忍”，C選項(xiàng)表示“漠不關(guān)心”，D選項(xiàng)表示“贊賞”。

12.單選題

Hecomposedavastamountofmusic,______iseverplayedtoday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.oneofwhich

B.littleofwhich

C.eachofwhich

D.someofwhich

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.oneofwhich其中之一B.littleofwhich很少

C.eachofwhich其中的每一個(gè)D.someofwhich其中一些

【考查點(diǎn)】代詞用法。

【解題思路】由空格后的is可知，空格處要填入單數(shù)；前半句的意思是“他創(chuàng)作了大量的音樂(lè)”，所以定語(yǔ)從句______iseverplayedtoday（至今仍在演奏）中填入oneofwhich符合句子意思。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有l(wèi)ittleof這個(gè)用法；

C選項(xiàng)不符合句子意思；

D選項(xiàng)someofwhich后面應(yīng)該跟are。

【句意】他創(chuàng)作了大量的音樂(lè)，其中有一首至今仍在演奏。

13.單選題

Any（

）futurereligionmusttakeseriouslytheimplicationsforreligionoftheremarkablediscoveriesofthemodernnaturalandhumansciences.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflexive

B.viable

C.familial

D.secular

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reflexive“反身的；反射性的”；B選項(xiàng)viable“可行的；能養(yǎng)活的”；C選項(xiàng)familial“家族的；家庭的；遺傳的”；D選項(xiàng)secular“世俗的；長(zhǎng)期的；不朽的”句意：任何……的未來(lái)的宗教都要重視現(xiàn)代自然和人文科學(xué)的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)它的影響。由句意可知句中應(yīng)表示“長(zhǎng)久存在的宗教”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,___theyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.be

B.being

C.were

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查be型虛擬語(yǔ)氣和倒裝。句意：我們用Church這個(gè)詞來(lái)指代所有的宗教機(jī)構(gòu)，___基督教、伊斯蘭教、佛教還是猶太教等等。本句表達(dá)“不論他們是……”，可知此處省略了讓步狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞whether。而在whether/whether…or…引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，可以包含be型虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式，即所有動(dòng)詞都用原型（包括be在內(nèi)），沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)數(shù)以及時(shí)態(tài)的變化。省略whether/whether…or…，從句變?yōu)榈寡b形式：只需要將謂語(yǔ)中的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Owingtotheunpredictableweather,thearrangementsaresubjecttochange.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.supposed

B.about

C.liable

D.bound

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。Besubjectto表示“有……傾向，受支配”；A項(xiàng)besupposedto“被期望，應(yīng)該”，B項(xiàng)beaboutto“即將，剛要”，C項(xiàng)beliableto“有……傾向，易于”，D項(xiàng)beboundto“必然，一定要”。句意：由于天氣變化莫測(cè)，安排可能會(huì)有所改變。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Ifyouwanttokeepyourjobhere,youwillhavetobe（）oflongworkinghoursandlowsalary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tolerant

B.tolerable

C.bearable

D.tolerate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tolerant“忍受的，有忍耐力的”；B選項(xiàng)tolerable“可容忍的，容許的”；C選項(xiàng)bearable“承受得住的”；D選項(xiàng)tolerate是動(dòng)詞“忍受”。句意：如果你想保住你在這里的工作，你就得忍受長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作，拿低工資。根據(jù)空格有一個(gè)be動(dòng)詞，可知空格處應(yīng)填形容詞，排除D，根據(jù)句意理解，本句表達(dá)的是忍受，而不是可容性或承受力，所以A選項(xiàng)符合句意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Asthenoiseoutsidethehallincreased,weall（）towardsthespeaker,strainingtohearhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inclined

B.leaned

C.slanted

D.sloped

【答案】A

【解析】句意:因?yàn)榇髲d外面的喧鬧聲愈來(lái)愈大，我們大家都向發(fā)言人側(cè)過(guò)身子，竭力聽(tīng)清他的發(fā)言。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。incline（使）傾向于；（使）傾斜，常用搭配;inclineto/towardssth.；lean前俯（或后仰）；傾斜;倚靠，常用搭配：leanagainst/onsth.；slant（使）傾斜，歪斜；slope傾斜；有坡度。因此，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“傾斜”之意。但是,空格處單詞要能與介詞towards搭配。因此選A項(xiàng)。

18.翻譯題

Successfulleadersareemotionallyandintellectuallyorientedtothefuture—notweddedtothepast.Theyhaveahungertotakeresponsibility,toinnovate,andtoinitiate.Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat’salreadythere.Theywanttomoveforwardtocreatesomethingnew.

Leadersprovideanswersaswellasdirection,offerstrengthaswellasdedication,andspeakfromexperienceaswellasunderstandingoftheproblemstheyfaceandthepeopletheyworkwith.

Leadersareflexibleratherthandogmatic.Theybelieveinunityratherthanconformity.Andtheystrivetoachieveconsensusoutofconflict.

Leadershipisallaboutgettingpeopleconsistentlytogivetheirbest,helpingthemtogrowtotheirfullestpotential,andmotivatingthemtoworktowardacommongood.Leadermaketherightthingshappenwhenthey’resupposedto.

Agoodleader,aneffectiveleader,isonewhohasrespect.Respectissomethingyouhaveinordertoget.Aleaderwhohasrespectforotherpeopleatalllevelsofanorganization.Fortheworktheydo,andfortheirabilities,aspirationsandneeds,willfindthatrespectisreturn.Andallconcernedwillbemotivatedtoworktogether.

【答案】成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者無(wú)論在情感上還是在理智上都著眼于未來(lái)，而不是執(zhí)著于過(guò)去。他們渴望創(chuàng)新，積極開(kāi)拓。他們不滿(mǎn)足于現(xiàn)狀，他們想要前進(jìn)去創(chuàng)造新事物。

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者不僅提供指導(dǎo)也提供答案，不僅給予力量而且樂(lè)于奉獻(xiàn)，他們說(shuō)話既根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，也根據(jù)他們對(duì)所面臨的問(wèn)題和一起共事的人的理解。

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者處事靈活而不武斷。他們相信的是團(tuán)結(jié)而不是隨波逐流。他們力圖在沖突中達(dá)成共識(shí)。

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力在于讓人們始終盡顯其能，幫助他們最大限度地發(fā)揮自己的潛力，并激勵(lì)他們朝著共同的目標(biāo)而努力。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者在必要的時(shí)候能做出正確的決斷。

一個(gè)好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，一個(gè)卓有成效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，是一個(gè)尊重他人的人。要得到他人的尊重必須先尊重他人。一個(gè)尊重組織上各級(jí)員工，尊重他們的工作、能力、愿望和需求的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者也會(huì)得到他人的尊重。所有這些都會(huì)激勵(lì)大家共同努力。

19.單選題

Manyoftheformerassociates____himwhenitbecameknownhowhehadabusedhispositionoftrust.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnedagainst

B.heldup

C.convincedof

D.wenton

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.turnedagainst反對(duì)；背叛；采取敵對(duì)態(tài)度B.heldup舉起；阻擋

C.convincedof使確信D.wenton繼續(xù)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】句意：當(dāng)他濫用職權(quán)的事情被曝光后，很多前同事都……他。根據(jù)邏輯，因?yàn)樗麨E用職權(quán)，那么他的前同事應(yīng)該是對(duì)他持反對(duì)態(tài)度的。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】當(dāng)他濫用職權(quán)被曝光后，許多前同事都轉(zhuǎn)而反對(duì)他。

20.單選題

Thepresidentmadea（

）speechattheopeningceremonyofthesportsmeet