書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天門職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Beforeitcouldberesolvedthroughanewcentralizationofdynasticpowerunderanewmandate,theintellectualcrisisoftheConfucianbeliefsbroughtonbytheimpactoftheWestunderminedthesocialorderitself,whichwasmademorevulnerablebythe（）ofitspoliticalinstitutions.

問題1選項

A.functional

B.malpractice

C.integration

D.disintegration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞以及形容詞詞義辨析。A選項functional“功能的”；B選項malpractice“玩忽職守”；C選項integration“集成，綜合”；D選項disintegration“瓦解，崩潰”。題干說到，西方?jīng)_擊了孔子思想指示破壞了秩序的本事，可推測空中應(yīng)該填入一個表示壞結(jié)果的詞，A，C可排除。B選項在不符合題意，也可排除。句意：在它可以通過新的王朝權(quán)力集中來解決之前，西方影響所帶來的儒家信仰的知識危機(jī)破壞了社會秩序本身，它因其政治機(jī)構(gòu)的……而變得更加脆弱。因此D選項正確。

2.單選題

Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things”一physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used—thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturedinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.

Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusic-culturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint，butresearchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,BritainandAmerica.Printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole.

Musicisdeep-rootedintheculturalbackgroundthatfostersit.Wenowpaymoreandmoreattentiontotraditionalorethnicfeaturesinfolkmusicandarewillingtopreservethefolkmusicaswedowithmanytraditionalculturalheritage.Musiciansallovertheworldarebusywithrecordingclassicmusicintheircountryforthesakeoftheiruniqueculture.Asalways,people’saspirationwillalwaysfocusontheirindividualityratherthanuniversalfeaturesthataresharedbyallculturesalike.

Onemoreimportantpartofmusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,andtelevision,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartofthe“information-revolution”,atwentiethcenturyphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutioninthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodernnations;theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.

1.Researchintothematerialcultureofanationisofgreatimportancebecause（

）.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,musicnotationisimportantbecause（

）

4.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronicmediaintothe

worldofmusic（

）

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.ithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnology

B.itcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenation

C.ithelpsunderstandthenation’spastandpresent

D.itcandemonstratethenation’scivilization

問題2選項

A.theexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEasternandChinesemusic

B.NearEasternmusichadaninfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestra

C.thedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEasternandWesternmusic

D.themusicalinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestraweredevelopedonthebasisofNearEasternmusic

問題3選項

A.ithasagreateffectonthemusic-cultureasmoreandmorepeopleareabletoreadit

B.ittendstostandardizefolksongswhenitisusedbyfolkmusicians

C.itistheprintedversionofstandardizedfolkmusic

D.itencouragespeopletopopularizeprintedversionsofsongs

問題4選項

A.hasbroughtaboutaninformationrevolution

B.hasspeededupthearrivalofanewgenerationofcomputes

C.hasgivenrisetonewformsofmusicculture

D.hasledtothetransformationoftraditionalmusicalinstruments

問題5選項

A.Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerorlaterbereplacedbycomputers.

B.Musiccannotbepassedontofuturegenerationunlessitisrecorded.

C.Folksongscannotbespreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets.

D.Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentonitsmaterialaspect.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife提到研究文化相關(guān)的工具和技術(shù)是為了了解一個國家的歷史和生活方式，所以選項C符合題意。

2.文章第一段最后一句wecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra提到了交響樂團(tuán)的發(fā)展，交響樂是由近東傳播到歐洲的，選項D符合題意。

3.文章第二段Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole提及閱讀樂譜對音樂家產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響，并且對音樂文化也有很大的影響，選項A的描述與之相近，因此符合題意。

4.文章最后一段theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,andtelevision,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments提到了電子媒體的內(nèi)容，由此可知就像工業(yè)文明導(dǎo)致社會結(jié)構(gòu)變化一樣，這些電子媒體會導(dǎo)致一些新的音樂形式出現(xiàn)，選項C符合題意。

5.文章主要提到了音樂的物質(zhì)文明，比如樂器、樂譜等來講述音樂文明的發(fā)展歷程，提到音樂文明的發(fā)展離不開物質(zhì)文明的發(fā)展，選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

Hisillnessfirst（）itselfasseverestomachpainsandheadaches.

問題1選項

A.expressed

B.manifested

C.reflected

D.displayed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他的病最初表癥為胃痛和頭痛。

考查動詞辨析。express表達(dá)；manifest表癥，顯現(xiàn)；reflect反應(yīng)；display展示。根據(jù)胃痛和頭痛可知，B項符合句意。

4.單選題

Hewasinexperiencedandlackofpreparation,sohisfirstexperimentwas（）tofail.

問題1選項

A.foreseen

B.destined

C.predicted

D.considered

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項foreseen表示“預(yù)知；預(yù)見”，B選項destined表示“注定的，命定的”，C選項predicted表示“預(yù)測；預(yù)示”，D選項considered表示“考慮，深思熟慮”。由句意可知，他缺乏經(jīng)驗并且準(zhǔn)備工作也不充分，所以他的初次實驗注定會失敗，固定搭配bedestinedto表示“一定會，肯定會”。因此本題正確答案為B選項。

5.單選題

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximatelyAD.1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelong,thinpowderfuseanalogy?

2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause（）.

3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?

4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto（）.

5.Theword“demographic”,inthefirstparagraphmeans（）.

問題1選項

A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.

B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.

C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.

D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.

問題2選項

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces

C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions

D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren

問題3選項

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000.

B.About50,000babiesareborneverysixhoursatpresent.

C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

問題4選項

A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture

B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650

C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears

D.presentusaclearandcompletepicture’ofthedemographicgrowth

問題5選項

A.statisticsofhuman

B.surroundingsstudy

C.accumulationofhuman

D.developmentofhuman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。第一段如此描述“thelong,thinpowderfuse(細(xì)長的火藥引線)”：…burnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes，“它一直斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地燃燒，直到最后爆發(fā)”。第二段中說到人類在以前的時期增長并不高，有時出生率還低于死亡率，到了近期才出現(xiàn)快速增長，對應(yīng)A選項“一段幾乎穩(wěn)定或略微減少的時期，然后人口突然暴增”。

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第二段說到“Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates”可知通常，社會處于滅絕的明顯危險之中的原因是死亡率可能超過出生率，B選項“大多數(shù)地方的死亡率都比出生率要高”符合文意。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。A選項“從現(xiàn)在到2000年可能會增加22億人”對應(yīng)最后一段第三句與第四句“Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld”，從1650年到現(xiàn)在，人口從5億增長到40多億。據(jù)估計，到2000年，全世界將有62億人。通過數(shù)字相減可得A選項正確；B選項“目前，每6個小時大約有5萬個嬰兒出生”，文中說到“Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours”，在公元前8000年到1650年之間，世界人口每年平均只增加5萬人。目前，這個數(shù)字每六個小時增加一次。但本句中只是說population人口增加，并不是嬰兒出生多少；C選項“從公元前8000年到現(xiàn)在，人口每年大約增加8000萬人”對應(yīng)最后一句，但句中指的是新增人口8000萬，而不是每年會增加8000萬；D選項“公元前8000年到1650年之間的人口增長速度比1650年到現(xiàn)在的人口增長速度快”屬于反向干擾，現(xiàn)在的人口增長速度顯然更快。

第4題:4.作者意圖題。本文從歷史的角度出發(fā)，講解了各個歷史時期人口增長的變化，并列出了詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)，因此D選項“向我們展示一幅清晰而完整的人口增長圖景”符合文意。

第5題:5.詞義推測題。第一段第一句說到“populationproblem（人口問題）”即“toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear”,increase即對應(yīng)growth，因此demographic就是指thenumberofpopulation，A選項正確。

6.單選題

Thecriminalwastoldhewouldbe（）frompunishmentifhesaidwhatheknewaboutthemurder.

問題1選項

A.immune

B.immigrant

C.imminent

D.infallible

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。immune“免疫的”；immigrant“移民的”；imminent“即將來臨的”；infallible“絕對可靠的”。句意：如果這個罪犯能說出有關(guān)謀殺犯的事，他可以免受懲罰。選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Theotherdayanacquaintanceofmine,agregariousandcharmingman,toldmehehadfoundhimselfunexpectedlyaloneinNewYorkforanhourortwobetweenappointments.HewenttotheWhitneyandspenttheempty”timelookingatthingsinsolitarybills.Forhimitprovedtobeashocknearlyasgreatasfallinginlovetodiscoverthathecouldenjoyhimselfsomuchalone.

Whathadhebeenafraidof,Iaskedmyself?That,suddenlyalone,hewoulddiscoverthatheboredhimself,orthattherewas,quitesimply,noselftheretomeet?Buthavingtakentheplunge,heisnowonthebrinkofadventure;heisabouttobelaunchedintohisowninnerspace,spaceasimmense,unexplored,andsometimesfrighteningasouterspacetotheastronaut.Hiseveryperceptionwillcometohimwithanewfreshnessand,foratime,seemstartlinglyoriginal.Foranyonewhocanseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeyebecomes,foramomentortwo,somethingofagenius.Withanotherhumanbeingpresentvisionbecomesdoublevision,inevitably.Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?Theoriginalimpactgetslost,ordiffused.

“MusicIheardwithyouwasmorethanmusic”.Exactly.Andthereforemusicitselfcanonlybeheardalone.“Solitudeisthesaltofpersonhood.Itbringsouttheauthenticflavorofeveryexperience.”

“Aloneoneisneverlonely:thespiritadventures,walkinginaquietgarden,inacoolhouse,abidingsinglethere.”

Lonelinessismostacutelyfeltwithotherpeople,forwithothers,evenwithaloversometimes,wesufferfromourdifferencesoftaste,temperament,andmood.Humanintercourseoftendemandsthatwesoftentheedgeofperception,orwithdrawattheveryinstantofpersonaltruthforfearofhurting,orofbeinginappropriatelypresent,whichistosaynaked,inasocialsituation.Alonewecanaffordtobewhollywhateverweare,andtofeelwhateverwefeelabsolutely.Thatisagreatluxury!

Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatforthelasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasingrewarding.WhenIcanwakeupandwatchthesunriseovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichtowriteafewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,liedownintheafternoonforalongthink(whydoesonethinkbetterinahorizontalposition?),readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutlonelinessiscorrect?

3.Bysaying“solitudeisthesaltofpersonhood”(Paragrph3)theauthormeansthat（）.

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagecanbe“（）”.

5.Thetoneoftheauthorcanbestbedescribedas（）.

問題1選項

A.theexperienceofbeingaloneoffersoneachancetolookintotheself

B.it’shumannaturetobeadventurous

C.doublevisionisbetterthansinglevision.

D.solitudecanmakeonegenius

問題2選項

A.Peopleamongothersaremorepronelonelinessthanpeoplealone.

B.Peoplewhofeellonelyarethosewhoarealone.

C.Lonelinesshelpsonetobehimself.

D.Marriedpeopleareneverlonely.

問題3選項

A.solitudeaddsflavortolife

B.peoplecanbetterenjoylifewithsolitude

C.peoplecanexperienceeverythinginlifeasitreallyisinsolitude

D.peoplewillbemoreexperiencedwithsolitude

問題4選項

A.InnerSpaceandOuterSpace

B.LonelinessandItsCure

C.BlissfulSolitude

D.SolitudeandHumanIntercourse

問題5選項

A.critical

B.satirical

C.exasperated

D.meditative

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。A:孤獨的經(jīng)歷可以讓人探尋內(nèi)在的自己。第二段指出:Buthavingtakentheplunge,heisnowonthebrinkofadventure;heisabouttobelaunchedintohisowninnerspace,…Hiseveryperceptionwillcometohimwithanewfreshnessand.foratime,seemstartlinglyoriginal(但是有了這次嘗試，他便要開始探險了，即將發(fā)射到自己內(nèi)心的宇宙之中,…他的所見所感對他來說將是全新的，一度會新穎得讓人驚奇)。由此推斷A項“孤獨的經(jīng)歷可以讓人探尋內(nèi)在的自己”正確。B:人類天生有探險精神，此項屬于過度推斷。C:雙重看法好于單個看法，此項與第二段意思相反。D:孤獨可以成就天才，與原文所述不符。因此本題選A。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A:與別人待在一起，比單獨時孤獨感更為強(qiáng)烈。第五段第一句指出:Lonelinessismostacutelyfeltwithotherpeople,forwithothers,evenwithaloversometimes,wesufferfromourdifferencesoftaste,temperament,andmood(與別人待在一起時孤獨感更為強(qiáng)烈，因為與他人在一起，即使是戀人，我們也會被不同的品味，不同的性格，以及不同的情緒所困擾)。因此，A項正確。B:有孤獨感的人是孤獨的人，此項與原文不符。C:孤獨能讓人做自己，此項與原文不符，文章只是說孤獨能讓自己感受真正的自我。D:已婚者永遠(yuǎn)不會孤獨，與文章不符。

第3題:判斷推理題。A:孤獨可以增加生活韻味。第三段最后一句指出:Itbringsouttheauthenticflavorofeveryexperience(它讓人感受到所有經(jīng)歷的真實韻味)。由此可推斷thesaltofpersonhood指的是“增加韻味”，因此A項正確。B:孤獨時，人們可以享受更好的生活。此項本身正確，但是不符合題干要求。C:只有在真正孤獨時，人們才能經(jīng)歷所有的事情，此項不符合原文。D:人們因孤獨而經(jīng)歷豐富，此項同樣本身正確，但是不符合題干要求。

第4題:主旨大意題。全文的大意為:獨居但不孤獨，與別人待在一起時孤獨感更為強(qiáng)烈。因此C項“幸福的孤獨”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。文章討論的是孤獨帶給人的好處。獨居但不孤獨，與別人呆在一起時孤獨感更為強(qiáng)烈。因此，D項“深思的”正確。

8.單選題

Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere,thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle.Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes,ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother.Amid-oceanridgeisaboundarybetweenplateswherenewlithosphericmaterialisinjectedfrombelow.AStheplatesdivergefromamid-oceanridgetheyslideonamoreyieldinglayeratthebaseofthelithosphere.

SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.Thesiteofthisdestructionisanotherkindofplateboundary:asubductionzone.Thereoneplatedivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.Bothkindsofplateboundaryareassociatedwithfaultsystems,earthquakesandvolcanism,butthekindsofgeologicactivityobservedatthetwoboundariesarequitedifferent.

Theideaofsea-foodspreadingactuallyprecededthetheoryofplatetectonics.Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s,itdescribedthecreationanddestructionoftheoceanfloor,butitdidnotspecifyrigidlithosphericplates.ThehypothesiswassubstantiatedsoonafterwardbythediscoverythatperiodicreversalsoftheEarth’smagneticfieldarerecordedintheoceaniccrust.Asmagmarisesunderthemid-oceanridge,ferromagneticmineralsinthemagmabecomemagnetizedinthedirectionofthegeomagneticfield.Whenthemagmacooksandsolidifies,thedirectionandthepolarityofthefieldarepreservedinthemagnetizedvolcanicrock.Reversalsofthefieldgiverisetoaseriesofmagneticstripesrunningparalleltotheaxisoftherift.Theoceaniccrustthusservesasamagnetictaperecordingofthehistoryofthegeomagneticfieldthatcanbedatedindependentlythewidthofthestripesindicatestherateofthesea-floorspreading.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereareapproximatelyhowmanylithosphericplates?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttectonicplates?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthelithosphereisLEASTlikelytobetrue?

5.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheperiodicreversaloftheEarth’smagneticfield?

問題1選項

A.Magneticfieldreversal.

B.Theformationofmagma.

C.Thelocationofmid-oceanridges.

D.Platetectonictheory.

問題2選項

A.Six.

B.Twelve.

C.Twenty-fourormore.

D.Onethousandninehundred.

問題3選項

A.Theyaremovinginrelationshiptooneother.

B.Theyhaveunchangingborders.

C.Theyarelocatedfarbeneaththelithosphere.

D.Theyhavethesameshape.

問題4選項

A.ItisarelativelyinflexiblelayeroftheEarth.

B.Itismadeupentirelyofvolcanicash.

C.ItincludesthecrustandsomeofthemantleoftheEarth.

D.Itisdividedintoplatesofvariousshapesandsizes.

問題5選項

A.Itisinexplicable.

B.Itsupportsthehypothesisofsea-floorspreading.

C.Itwasdiscoverybeforethe1960’s.

D.Itindicatestheamountofmagmapresent.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。作者在文章第一段第一句交代了Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere（板塊構(gòu)造理論描述的是巖石圈的運動），隨后對此話題進(jìn)行展開，D選項“板塊構(gòu)造理論”正確，A選項“磁場逆轉(zhuǎn)”，B選項“巖漿的形成”和C選項“洋中海脊的位置”是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。因此D選項正確。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes（巖石圈被劃分為幾十個大小和形狀各異的板塊），可知C選項“24個或更多”符合題意。A選項“6”，B選項“12”和D選項“1900”不符合題意。因此C選項正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother（通常這些板塊都處于相對運動中），可知A選項“它們在相對位移”正確。B選項“它們的邊界不變”和D選項“它們的形狀相同”：根據(jù)第二段第二、三句Thereoneplatedivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.（在那里，一塊板塊俯沖到另一塊板塊的邊緣之下并與地幔結(jié)合在一起。），可知邊界會改變，形狀也不會相同。C選項“它們位于巖石圈深處”：根據(jù)第一段第一句Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere（板塊構(gòu)造理論描述巖石圈的運動），可知板塊構(gòu)造包括整個巖石圈。因此A選項正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s,itdescribedthecreationanddestructionoftheoceanfloor,butitdidnotspecifyrigidlithosphericplates.（在20世紀(jì)60年代它的理論雛形中，描述了海底的生成和毀滅，但沒有詳細(xì)介紹堅硬的巖石圈板塊。），可知這一段講述的是海洋中巖石圈的情況，不是所有的，沒有普遍性，B選項“它完全由火山灰構(gòu)成”過于絕對，不符合文章內(nèi)容。A選項“它是地球上一個相對不靈活的層”：根據(jù)第二段第一句SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.（由于地球的大小本質(zhì)上是不變的，只有同等數(shù)量的巖石圈物質(zhì)在其它地方被吞沒，新的巖石圈才能生成。），可知巖石圈物質(zhì)總體沒有質(zhì)的變化，只有數(shù)的變化，所以即使有生有滅，但是相對不靈活，符合文章內(nèi)容。C選項“它包括地球的地殼和部分地?！保焊鶕?jù)第一段第一句thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle（巖石圈是相對堅硬的地球外層，包括全部地殼和部分地幔。），可知符合文章內(nèi)容。D選項“它被分成各種形狀和大小的板塊”：根據(jù)第一段第二句Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes（巖石圈被劃分為幾十個大小和形狀各異的板塊），可知符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Theideaofsea-foodspreadingactuallyprecededthetheoryofplatetectonics.（海產(chǎn)品傳播的觀點實際上早于板塊構(gòu)造理論。）和第三句ThehypothesiswassubstantiatedsoonafterwardbythediscoverythatperiodicreversalsoftheEarth’smagneticfieldarerecordedintheoceaniccrust.（這個假設(shè)不久之后為發(fā)現(xiàn)所證實。該發(fā)現(xiàn)表明地球磁場周期性的逆轉(zhuǎn)被記錄在海洋地殼中。），可知作者講述地球磁場的周期性逆轉(zhuǎn)是為了支持海底擴(kuò)張假說，B選項“支持海底擴(kuò)張假說”正確，A選項“這無法解釋”錯誤。C選項“在20世紀(jì)60年代之前被發(fā)現(xiàn)”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s（在20世紀(jì)60年代，它的理論雛形中），可知這是在20世紀(jì)60年代被發(fā)現(xiàn)而非在這之前。D選項“它表明巖漿的數(shù)量”。因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Idon’tbelieveyouaregoingtohavethematterlookedintotoday,（）?

問題1選項

A.areyou

B.doyou

C.aren’tyou

D.don’tyou

【答案】A

【解析】考查反義疑問句用法。題干屬于陳述部分為主從復(fù)合句的反義疑問句。一般有兩種情況：當(dāng)陳述部分為主從復(fù)合句“主語+從句”時，疑問部分一般應(yīng)與主句保持一致，如HeknowsthatwhereIlive,doesn’the？；當(dāng)陳述部分為Ithink（believe,suppose）that...等時，疑問部分通常與從句保持一致，如Idon’tthinkhewillcome,willhe?題干陳述部分為Idon’tbelieve(that)...從句部分為youaregoingtohave...，因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

Hewasreluctantbuthe_______becausehewantedtofindoutmoreabouttheirplansbeforegoingtothepolice.

問題1選項

A.playedalong

B.playeddown

C.playedabout

D.playedin

【答案】A

【解析】playalong合作,焦慮地等待;playdown降低,貶低;playabout玩耍;playin奏樂迎入。句意：他很不情愿但還是順從了，因為他想在去警察局之前多了解一些他們的計劃。選項A符合句意。

11.翻譯題

Duringourlivesallofusareexposedtothepossibilityofavarietyofriskeventssuchas:workaccidents,majorillness，death，etc.Ifourfinancesarevulnerabletotheconsequencesofariskevent,itwouldbewisetoprotectourselvesandourdependentsagainstthoseconsequences.Thiscanbedoneinanumberofways,fromtakingstepstoensurethatwearenotendangeredtopurchasinginsurancethatwouldcompensateforthefinancialconsequencesoftheriskeventoccurring.

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】在我們的一生中，我們所有人都有可能面對各種不同的風(fēng)險中，如：工傷事故、重病、死亡等等。如果我們的財產(chǎn)易受到風(fēng)險事故后果的影響，所以保護(hù)我們自己和我們的家人免遭這些后果的傷害是明智的做法。這可以通過很多途徑來實現(xiàn)，從采取措施確保我們不受危害到購買保險來彌補(bǔ)突發(fā)事故發(fā)生所帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)后果。

12.單選題

Researchershavestudiedthepoorasindividuals,asfamiliesandhouseholds,asmembersofpoorcommunities,neighborhoodsandregions,asproductsoflargerpovertycreatingstructures.Theyhavebeenanalyzedasvictimsofcrimeandcriminals,asmembersofminoritycultures,aspassiveconsumersofmasscultureandactiveproducersofa“counterculture”,asparticipantsintheinformaleconomy,asinventionsofsurvivalstrategies,asaneconomicburdenandasareservearmyoflabor—tomentionjustsomeofthepreoccupationsofpovertyresearch.

Theelites,whooccupythesmallupperstratumwithinthecategoryofthenon-poor,andtheirfunctionsintheemergenceandreproductionofpovertyareasinterestingandimportantanobjectforpovertyresearchasthepoorthemselves.Theeliteshaveimagesofthepoorandofpovertywhichshapetheirdecisionsandactions.Sofar,littleisknownaboutthoseimages,exceptastheyaresketchilyportrayedinpopularstereotypes.Theelitesmaywellignoreordenytheexternaleffectsoftheirownactions(andomissions)uponthelivingconditionsofthepoor.Manysocialscientistsmaytakeaverydifferentview.Aspovertyemergedandwasreproduced,legalframeworkswerecreatedtocontaintheproblemsitcausedwithprofound,andlargelyunknown,consequencesforthepoorthemselves.Ingeneral,political,educationalandsocialinstitutionstendtoignoreorevendamagetheinterestsofthepoor.Inconstructingaphysicalinfrastructurefortransport,industry,tradeandtourism,thesettlementsofthepoorareoftenthefirsttosufferortobeleftstandingandexposedtopollution,noiseandcrowding.

Mostimportantaretheeconomicfunctionsofpoverty,as,forlackofotheroptionsthepoorareforcedtoperformactivitiesconsidereddegradingorunclean.Thepooraremorelikelytobuysecond-handgoodsandleftoverfoodstuffs,thusprolongingtheireconomicutility.Theyarelikelytousetheservicesoflow-qualitydoctors,teachersandlawyerswhomthenon-poorshyawayfrom.Povertyandthepoorserveanimportantsymbolicfunction,inremindingcitizensofthelotthatmaybefallthosewhodonotheedthevaluesofthrift,diligenceandcleanliness,andoftheconstantthreatthattherough,theimmoralandtheviolentrepresentfortherestofsociety.

Physically,thepoorandthenon-poorarekeptapart,throughdifferentiallanduseandghettoization.Socially,theyareseparatedthroughdifferentialparticipationinthelabormarket,theconsumptioneconomy,and