書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-太原科技大學(xué)華科學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Duetoan____bybank,therewaslessmoneyinmyaccountthanthereshouldhavebeen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intent

B.oversight

C.indecision

D.engagement

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“intent”，意為“意圖，含義”；B選項(xiàng)“oversight”，意為“負(fù)責(zé)，疏忽”；C選項(xiàng)“indecision”，意為“猶豫不決，優(yōu)柔寡斷”；D選項(xiàng)“engagement”，意為“約會(huì)，契約”。句意：由于銀行的疏忽，我銀行里的錢(qián)比應(yīng)有的少了。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ManypeopleseemtothinkthatcreativityisproducingtheBigIdea—anideafromnowheresocleverandsoprofoundthatitdefinescreativity.(41)Oneofthekeylessonsofthisbook,andaclearmessagetotheprospectiveclientwhorejectedmyproposals,isthis:theinstantBigIdeadoesnotexist.

(42)Ideascomethroughaseriesofsmallstepsormoves.Theybuildupeachothertoproducethefinalidea.Lookbackonanyideayouhavecomeupwith;thinkbacktopreciselyhowtheideagrew,andtraceitslineage.(43)Ratherthanthecreativeideabeinganinstantrevelation,itwillmorelikelybecharacterizedbyahaphazardseriesofmoves,stepsandlinkages.

(44)(Astudyoftheremaining5percentofpatentswould,Isuspect,revealthattheyaretheproductsofincrementalthought.)Anytrulygreatidea(possessingsignificantaddedvalue)willgenerallyhaveemergedasaresultofaseriesofincrementalsmallstepsingeneratingit,withmuchofitsinherentaddedvaluegainedinthesubsequentimplementation,orinhowitwassold.

Examineanyfieldofactivitywherecreativeideasaregeneratedandused,whetheritistheworldofmanagement,thearts,ortelevisioncomedy.(45)Indeed,themanagementguruTomPetersdescribesinhisbookAPassionforExcellence(Peters,1996)severalcasestudieswhereorganizationsmadedecisionstopursueaBigIdea:“Inallofhistoryitseems,fromFrenchfryseasoningatMcDonald’stoIBM’sSystem/360computer,thefirstandsecondprototypesdon’twork.”O(jiān)ftenthekeypeopleinaprojectweresimplyintenton“makingitwork”;throughtrialanderrortheyeventuallysucceeded.NoBigIdeabroughtaninstantsolution.

A.Creativity,anditstaskofgeneratingideas,isessentiallyincremental.

B.Theirideasarecreatedthroughanumberofmini-steps,notviaaninstant,earth-shatteringmomentofinspiration.

C.Theblindingflashofinspirationwill,ifyouarehonestenough,belinkedtoanearlierideaorelementthatyoumayhavebeendealingwith.

D.Inpublicrelationsworkitmaybethenewcampaignideathatnooneelsehasthoughtof,whichwillachievesignificantpublicity,orthephotocallgimmickthatshowstheproductinanewlightandgeneratesextensivemediacoverage.

E.ItismuchmoreconvenienttobelievegreatcreativepeoplesomehowintuitivelyandinstantlyarriveatBigIdeasratherthanrecognizethatcreativitycanbeamessy,unglamorousandprotractedprocess.

F.ThisincrementalnatureofcreativityisconfirmedbytheUK’sPatentOffice,whichreportsthat95percentofnewpatentsaremerelyadaptationsofexistingones.

【答案】41.E

42.A

43.C

44.F

45.B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Creativity,anditstaskofgeneratingideas,isessentiallyincremental.A.創(chuàng)造力及其產(chǎn)生想法的任務(wù)本質(zhì)上是遞增的。

B.Theirideasarecreatedthroughanumberofmini-steps,notviaaninstant,earth-shatteringmomentofinspiration.B.他們的想法是通過(guò)許多小步驟創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的，而不是通過(guò)瞬間、驚天動(dòng)地的靈感。

C.Theblindingflashofinspirationwill,ifyouarehonestenough,belinkedtoanearlierideaorelementthatyoumayhavebeendealingwith.C.如果你足夠誠(chéng)實(shí)的話，精彩的靈感閃現(xiàn)會(huì)與你之前處理過(guò)的想法或元素聯(lián)系起來(lái)。

D.Inpublicrelationsworkitmaybethenewcampaignideathatnooneelsehasthoughtof,whichwillachievesignificantpublicity,orthephotocallgimmickthatshowstheproductinanewlightandgeneratesextensivemediacoverage.D.在公共關(guān)系工作中，這可能是一個(gè)其他人沒(méi)有想到的新的宣傳理念，它將取得重大的宣傳效果，或者是以新的角度展示產(chǎn)品，并產(chǎn)生廣泛的媒體報(bào)道的照片宣傳噱頭。

E.ItismuchmoreconvenienttobelievegreatcreativepeoplesomehowintuitivelyandinstantlyarriveatBigIdeasratherthanrecognizethatcreativitycanbeamessy,unglamorousandprotractedprocess.E.人們更容易相信，偉大的創(chuàng)意人士會(huì)以某種方式，憑直覺(jué)立即得出偉大的想法，而不是認(rèn)識(shí)到，創(chuàng)造力可能是一個(gè)混亂、乏味和漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程。

F.ThisincrementalnatureofcreativityisconfirmedbytheUK’sPatentOffice,whichreportsthat95percentofnewpatentsaremerelyadaptationsofexistingones.F.英國(guó)專(zhuān)利局證實(shí)了創(chuàng)造力的這種漸進(jìn)式性質(zhì)，該局報(bào)告稱(chēng)，95%的新專(zhuān)利只是對(duì)現(xiàn)有專(zhuān)利的改編。

41.空格前提到“很多人似乎認(rèn)為創(chuàng)造力指突然產(chǎn)生一個(gè)特別聰明、宏大的想法”，這與E選項(xiàng)是對(duì)應(yīng)的，所以該題選擇E項(xiàng)。

42.空格后一句提到“想法來(lái)自一系列的小步驟或行動(dòng)（aseriesofsmallstepsormoves）?！?，這一句是對(duì)A項(xiàng)觀點(diǎn)的具體說(shuō)明和解釋?zhuān)蔄項(xiàng)正確。

43.根據(jù)該空前一句“回顧你想到的任何想法；準(zhǔn)確地回想一下這個(gè)想法是如何發(fā)展起來(lái)的，并追溯它的沿襲”，其中提到了一個(gè)人稱(chēng)代詞you，所以后面應(yīng)該還是以第二人稱(chēng)為主，C項(xiàng)正確。

44.后面括號(hào)里面提到了remaining5percentofpatents，所以該段第一句是對(duì)這個(gè)專(zhuān)利的描寫(xiě)，故F項(xiàng)正確。

45.上一段最后一句還提到“任何真正偉大的想法通常都是由一系列漸進(jìn)的小步驟產(chǎn)生的（aseriesofincrementalsmallsteps），其內(nèi)在的附加價(jià)值大多是在后續(xù)的實(shí)施中獲得的，或者是通過(guò)它的銷(xiāo)售方式獲得的”，接著該段就提到“檢查任何產(chǎn)生和使用創(chuàng)造性想法（creativeideas）的活動(dòng)領(lǐng)域”，可推測(cè)，第二句是要迎合上一段的最后一句，所以B項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermaybeobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul—thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthestoryofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

3.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat（

）.

4.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

B.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteafoodbiography

D.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

D.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thebestbiographiesaretheonesofheroesandfamousfigures

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects’lives

C.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

D.biographiescanservedifferentpurpose

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject’scharacter

B.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject’sprivatelife

C.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

D.itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

B.possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

C.isindependentandtreatsthesubjectwithfairnessandobjectivity

D.isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章首先講述傳記作家碰到的各種問(wèn)題，包括傳記作家寫(xiě)作時(shí)在兩種立場(chǎng)之間搖擺不定。接著詳細(xì)闡述了傳記作家寫(xiě)作創(chuàng)作的難點(diǎn)。最后提到了傳記作家“授權(quán)問(wèn)題”。所以由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“傳記作者很難找到合適的角度來(lái)進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作”最符合題意。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段第一句“Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.對(duì)于傳記寫(xiě)作這一工作來(lái)說(shuō)，沒(méi)有理想的角度?！焙偷谌洹癊verypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses每一種角度都有其優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)?！笨芍课粋饔涀骷叶济鎸?duì)寫(xiě)作角度中的優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)，所以沒(méi)有人能夠?qū)懗鐾昝罒o(wú)缺的傳記。故正確答案選C。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“biographiesofJesus”定位到文章第三段最后一句“ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.”，第三段主要是講傳記作者會(huì)根據(jù)描述對(duì)象做出有目的選擇，然后進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作。所以，對(duì)于英雄和人物的傳記和神的傳記寫(xiě)作的目的是不同的，屬于有目的的類(lèi)型寫(xiě)作。故正確答案選D。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第四段第四句“…the‘unauthorized’characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.這種未經(jīng)授權(quán)的描述通常暗示了當(dāng)事人原本希望壓制流言蜚語(yǔ)的前景?！笨芍?，選項(xiàng)B“它包含了關(guān)于描述對(duì)象私人生活的有趣信息”更符合題干意思，為正確答案。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.傳記作者必須站在被描述對(duì)象同一個(gè)世界的同一位置上，必要時(shí)需要調(diào)整位置來(lái)進(jìn)行描述?！焙臀恼伦詈笠欢巍癐nadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis‘a(chǎn)uthorized’bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.在推進(jìn)這一主張時(shí)，他們得到幫助，如果傳記被主題‘授權(quán)’，這可能允許傳記作者的私人信息的特殊訪問(wèn)?！庇纱丝芍?，理想的傳記作家一方面要充分了解被描寫(xiě)的對(duì)象，另外一方面也要和他保持一定的距離。故正確答案選A。

4.單選題

OnceIwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolved,mychoicewouldbeboundtoberelatively______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arbitrary

B.irrational

C.indispensable

D.negligent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)arbitrary“任意的；武斷的；專(zhuān)制的”，是由偶然、一時(shí)興起或沖動(dòng)而非由必然、推理或原則決定的；B選項(xiàng)irrational“不合理的（即與理想狀況相比有差距）；無(wú)理性的；荒謬的”；C選項(xiàng)indispensable“不可缺少的；絕對(duì)必要的；責(zé)無(wú)旁貸的”；D選項(xiàng)negligent“疏忽的；粗心大意的”。句意：一旦我不知道其中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，我的選擇必然是相對(duì)______。如果不知道關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，做出選擇前心里就不會(huì)有一個(gè)理想答案，所以選擇就會(huì)相對(duì)隨意，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

______conflictamongcity-statescausedtheeventualdeclineofGreekcivilization.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Continuous

B.Continual

C.Constant

D.Contrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)continuous“連續(xù)不斷的”，指整個(gè)事發(fā)的過(guò)程都沒(méi)有中斷；B項(xiàng)continual“持續(xù)不斷的”，指一再的、頻繁的、反復(fù)發(fā)生的；C項(xiàng)constant“不變的、恒定的”；D項(xiàng)contrary“相反的、對(duì)立的”；句意：城邦國(guó)家之間頻繁的沖突導(dǎo)致希臘文明最終衰落。因此該題B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

JosephHellerisagreatnovelistwhohasthrilledthousandsofleaders,（

）manyAmericanaccomplishednovelistskneelathisfeetandcan'thelpsinginghispraises.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthat

B.somuchsothat

C.since

D.while

【答案】B

【解析】連詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)的inthat“因?yàn)?，由于，既然”；B選項(xiàng)的somuchsothat“到這樣程度以至于……，甚至”；C選項(xiàng)的since通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示“自從……”；D選項(xiàng)的while“當(dāng)……時(shí)候，然而……”。根據(jù)句意‘約瑟夫?海勒是個(gè)偉大的小說(shuō)家，震驚了成千上萬(wàn)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，甚至很多美國(guó)著名的小說(shuō)家都臣服于他的才華，情不自禁地贊揚(yáng)他’確定B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown，andthepumpshadtobeoperated（）in-

steadofmechanically.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.manually

B.artificially

C.automatically

D.synthetically

【答案】A

【解析】句意：船的發(fā)電機(jī)出了故障，所以得（）操作泵以代替機(jī)械操作。A選項(xiàng)manually手工地；B選項(xiàng)artificially人為地；C選項(xiàng)automatically自動(dòng)地；D選項(xiàng)synthetically綜合地，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

______forhisillness,hewouldhavecometohelpyoupaintyourhouse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Notbeing

B.Nothavingbeen

C.Haditnotbeen

D.Havingitnotbeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)主句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+would（shouldcouldmight）+have+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞時(shí)，從句結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為：If+主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)虛擬句中的if省略時(shí)，主句中的had要提前。原句應(yīng)為：Ifithadnotbeenforhisillness...，省略if后had提前，句子變?yōu)椋篐aditnotbeenforhisillness...。句意：如果不是因?yàn)樗?，他就?huì)來(lái)幫你粉刷房子了。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

AIDSisaglobalproblemthatdemandsaunified,worldwidesolution,whichisnotonlytheresponsibilityofnationinwhichAIDSismost（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vigorous

B.prevalent

C.relevant

D.rigorous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B選項(xiàng)prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；C選項(xiàng)relevant“相關(guān)的；切題的”；D選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的”。句意：艾滋病是一個(gè)全球性的問(wèn)題，需要一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的、全球性的解決辦法，而不僅是艾滋病盛行的國(guó)家的責(zé)任。句意要表達(dá)的是“艾滋病盛行的國(guó)家”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.問(wèn)答題

Cancerdevelopswhencellsinapartofthebodybegintogrowoutcontrol.Althoughtherearemanykindsofcancer,theyallstartbecauseofout-of-controlgrowthofabnormalcells.

Normalbodycellsgrow,divide,anddieinanorderlyfashion.Duringtheearlyyearsofaperson’slife,normalcellsdividemorerapidlyuntilthepersonbecomesanadult.Afterthat,cellsinmostpartsofthebodydivideonlytoreplaceworn-outordyingcellsandtorepairinjuries.

Becausecancercellscontinuetogrowanddivide,theyaredifferentfromnormalcells.Insteadofdying,theyoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.Cancercellsoftentraveltootherpartsofthebodywheretheybegintogrowandreplacenormaltissue.Thisprocess,calledmetastasis,occursasthecancercellsgetintothebloodstreamorlymphvesselsofourbody.Whencellsfromacancerlikebreastcancerspreadtoanotherorganliketheliver,thecancerisstillcalledbreastcancer,notlivercancer.

CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.Thissubstanceisineverycellanddirectsallitsactivities.MostofthetimewhenDNAbecomesdamagedthebodyisabletorepairit.Incancercells,thedamagedDNAisnotrepaired.PeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.Manytimesthough,aperson’sDNAbecomesdamagedbyexposuretosomethingintheenvironment,likesmoking.

Cancerusuallyformsasatumor.Somecancers,likeleukemia,donotformtumors.Instead,thesecancercellsinvolvethebloodandblood-formingorgansandcirculatethroughothertissueswheretheygrow.Rememberthatnotalltumorsarecancerous.Benigntumorsdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyand,withveryrareexceptions,arenotlifethreatening.

Differenttypesofcancercanbehaveverydifferently.Forexample,lungcancerandbreastcancerareverydifferentdiseases.Theygrowatdifferentratesandrespondtodifferenttreatments.Thatiswhypeoplewithcancerneedtreatmentthatisaimedattheirparticularkindofcancer.

CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStates.Halfofallmenandone-thirdofallwomenintheUSwilldevelopcancerduringtheirlifetimes.Today,millionsofpeoplearelivingwithcancerorhavehadcancer.Theriskofdevelopingmosttypesofcancercanbereducedbychangesinaperson’slifestyle,forexample,byquittingsmokingandeatingabetterdiet.Thesooneracancerisfoundandtreatmentbegins,thebetterarechancesforlivingformanyyears.

1.Howarecancercellsdifferentfromnormalones?

2.Whydoescancercelldevelop?

3.Iscancerhereditary?Why?

4.Areallthetumorscancerous?Whyorwhynot?Giveyourreasons.

【答案】答：

1.Insteadofdying,cancercellsoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.

2.CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.

3.Yes,itisbecausepeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.

4.Notalltumorsarecancerousbecausetherearebenigntumors,whichdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyandusuallyarenotlifethreatening.

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“癌細(xì)胞與正常細(xì)胞有何不同？”。第三段前兩句提到Becausecancercellscontinuetogrowanddivide,theyaredifferentfromnormalcells.Insteadofdying,theyoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.（因?yàn)榘┘?xì)胞繼續(xù)生長(zhǎng)和分裂，所以它們不同于正常細(xì)胞；它們不是死亡，而是比正常細(xì)胞活得更久，并繼續(xù)形成新的異常細(xì)胞），所以把這兩句整合到一起，答案為Insteadofdying,cancercellsoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells（癌細(xì)胞不會(huì)死亡，而是比正常細(xì)胞活得更久，并繼續(xù)形成新的不正常細(xì)胞）。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“癌細(xì)胞為什么會(huì)產(chǎn)生？”。第四段第一句就提到了CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.（癌細(xì)胞的產(chǎn)生是由于對(duì)DNA的破壞），因此答案為這一句。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“癌癥遺傳嗎？為什么？”。文章第四段提到Incancercells,thedamagedDNAisnotrepaired.PeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.（在癌細(xì)胞中，受損的DNA無(wú)法修復(fù)；人們可以遺傳受損的DNA，這就是遺傳性癌癥的原因）可知，癌癥會(huì)遺傳，原因是癌細(xì)胞破壞的DNA，而受損的DNA可以遺傳。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“所有的腫瘤都是惡性的嗎？為什么是或?yàn)槭裁床皇?？”。根?jù)第五段最后兩句Rememberthatnotalltumorsarecancerous.Benigntumorsdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyand,withveryrareexceptions,arenotlifethreatening.（記住，不是所有的腫瘤都是惡性的；良性腫瘤不會(huì)擴(kuò)散到身體的其他部位，不會(huì)危及生命，除了極少數(shù)例外）可知，不是所有的腫瘤是惡性的。故答案為Notalltumorsarecancerousbecausetherearebenigntumors,whichdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyandusuallyarenotlifethreatening（不是所有的腫瘤都是惡性的，因?yàn)橛辛夹阅[瘤，它們不會(huì)擴(kuò)散到身體的其他部位，通常不會(huì)危及生命）。

11.單選題

Theinformationonhowtoapplyforthemortgageloansis______inthebank.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.available

B.accessible

C.attainable

D.ascertainable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)available“可獲得的，可購(gòu)得的”，B項(xiàng)accessible“易接近的，可進(jìn)入的”，C項(xiàng)attainable“可得到的，可達(dá)到的”，D項(xiàng)ascertainable“可查明的，可確定的”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)表語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)information“信息”，把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入，只有available符合語(yǔ)境。句意：有關(guān)如何申請(qǐng)按揭貸款的資料可以在銀行里找到。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationshadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking*'intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous(一妻多夫制)societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe“unusualtraitsorsituations”referredtointhefirstsentence?

2.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

3.Theauthor’sknowledgeofTibetisprobably

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationscanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Patternsofanimalandplantgrowth.

B.FoodandfoodpreparationpatternsoftheuplandTibetans.

C.SocialandfamilialorganizationoftypicalTibetansociety.

D.Alloftheabove.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.analyzethepossiblecausallinksbetweenTibetanecologyandsociety

B.describethesocialorganizationoftypicalTibetanvillages

C.describeTibetanfaunaandflora

D.analyzethemysteriesofthesuddenappearanceoftheHimalayas

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultoflifelongstudies

C.derivedfrombooksonly

D.limitedtogeologicalhistory

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Allregionshavedifferentsoilsandthus,differentcultures.

B.someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinlandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘第一句中提到的“不尋常的特征或情況”是什么？’根據(jù)第三段第一句“..thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.青藏高原地帶是干燥的大陸性氣候，動(dòng)物和植被與同緯度的相似，但是與更北的地區(qū)有些不同，那里更干燥?！笨梢酝浦狝項(xiàng)動(dòng)植物生長(zhǎng)模式‘’符合其特征。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.這種植物的品種也同樣有限，一些觀察人士發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是相對(duì)肥沃的東部藏谷，也不超過(guò)70種植物。只有不到10種糧食作物。藏文“茶”是主要的主食，也許可以取代不可缺少的蔬菜?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)‘高原藏人的食物和食物制作模式’符合。根據(jù)第四段中“Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.這些困難肯定對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)睾髞?lái)不同尋常的一妻多夫制的出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生了影響”可知，可知C選項(xiàng)‘典型的藏族社會(huì)家庭組織’符合。所以ABC選項(xiàng)都談及到了這種不尋常的特征，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.主旨大意題。題目提問(wèn)‘這篇文章的目的是什么？’文章第一段最后一句‘Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.一個(gè)地區(qū)的生態(tài)只造成該地區(qū)居民所面臨的一些問(wèn)題，而一種文化所面臨的問(wèn)題雖然對(duì)其發(fā)展很重要，但并不能決定它的發(fā)展?！赋錾鷳B(tài)會(huì)影響但不決定人文風(fēng)氣。最后一段尾句“Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.總而言之，盡管可以提出論點(diǎn)說(shuō)，由于土地的嚴(yán)酷條件，已經(jīng)存在的一妻多夫制得到了加強(qiáng)和保護(hù)(就目前而言)，但在這種情況下，把任何性質(zhì)更強(qiáng)的原因因素都?xì)w罪于生態(tài)影響，那肯定是言過(guò)其實(shí)了?！闭劶爱?dāng)?shù)匾黄薅喾蛑频纳鐣?huì)組織結(jié)構(gòu)可能受到生態(tài)該環(huán)境的影響。因此，可推知A選項(xiàng)“分析青藏地區(qū)生態(tài)和社會(huì)之間的可能因果聯(lián)系”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘作者對(duì)西藏的了解可能是什么？’本文并未談及作者自己的經(jīng)歷和研究，而是分別引述了Montesquieu’sview和Armand的描述，以及Lattimore和Kawakita的觀點(diǎn)，因此，作者對(duì)青藏高原的了解是C選項(xiàng)‘源于書(shū)本’。

推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘根據(jù)文章，下列哪項(xiàng)最可能是Montesquieu同意的？’文章第一段介紹了青藏高原的地理特征和文化，然后提出“HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.然而，不打算采用孟德斯鳩關(guān)于氣候和土壤的觀點(diǎn)作為文化決定因素?！币虼?，可以推知‘孟德斯鳩是環(huán)境決定論支持者，即外部環(huán)境決定人文風(fēng)氣’，C選項(xiàng)“在共享土地和氣候的同一個(gè)地方，文化基本上是相同的”符合他的觀點(diǎn)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘更新世冰蝕以后，仍然存在于西藏的動(dòng)植物群可以成為大陸性的動(dòng)植物群，是因?yàn)槭裁?？’根?jù)第三段中“Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.因此，在冰川期結(jié)束后，原始大陸物種中僅存少數(shù)種類(lèi)的生物?！彼?，它們被稱(chēng)為大陸性動(dòng)植物群是因?yàn)锳選項(xiàng)‘它們?cè)瓉?lái)是在大陸性氣候中被發(fā)現(xiàn)的’。

13.單選題

Hemighthavebeenkilled（

）thearrivalofthepolice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceptfor

B.butfor

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。butfor“要不是，如果沒(méi)有”；exceptfor“除了…以外”。句意：要不是警察來(lái)了，他可能已經(jīng)被殺了。mighthavebeenkilled是對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)，故B項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Ifwedon'tstopflirtingwiththosedeathlynuclearweapons,thewholeglobewillbe（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.empowered

B.punished

C.polluted

D.annihilated

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:如果我們不停止與那些致命的核武器的親密接觸，整個(gè)地球?qū)?。empower:使控制局勢(shì)，授權(quán)。punish:懲罰,處罰。pollute:污染，弄臟。annihilate:消滅，湮沒(méi)。

15.單選題

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intriguing

B.indefmite

C.obscure

D.dubious

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”；indefinite“不確定的”；obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的”；dubious"可疑的；半信半疑的”。句意：很少有有人能夠理解教授演講的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)橹黝}非?；逎?。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Thematchwascanceledbecausemostofthemembers（

）amatchwithoutastandardcourt

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.objectedtohaving

B.wereobjectedtohave

C.objectedtohave

D.wereobjectedtohaving

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這場(chǎng)比賽被取消了，因?yàn)榇蟛糠殖蓡T反對(duì)在沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)場(chǎng)地的情況下比賽。

考查固定搭配。objecttodoingsth.反對(duì)做某事。

17.單選題

Maryonce___withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.merged

B.collaborated

C.coincided

D.constituted

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.merged（尤指商業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)）合并；（使）融合，逐漸消失B.collaborated合作

C.coincided一致；符合；同時(shí)發(fā)生D.constituted組成；構(gòu)成

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格后有with表示和……一起，表伴隨。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是二人合作一起創(chuàng)作音樂(lè)。B選項(xiàng)符合句意，正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】瑪麗有一次與另一位音樂(lè)家合作譜寫(xiě)了一首流行樂(lè)曲。

18.單選題

WhenStevenfinallyemergedfromthecaveafterthirtydays,everyonepresentwas（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.smuggled

B.startled

C.appealed

D.stabilized

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)smuggle“走私，偷運(yùn)”；B選項(xiàng)startle“使驚奇，使嚇一跳”；C選項(xiàng)appeal“呼吁”；D選項(xiàng)stabilize“使穩(wěn)固，使安定”。

句意：當(dāng)史蒂文30天后終于從山洞里出來(lái)時(shí)，在場(chǎng)的人都嚇了一跳。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

19.單選題

Fromthevastarsenalofexistingscienceandtechnology,thedevelopingcountriesshouldselectwhatsuitstheirownpurposesandwhatcorrespondstotheiraspirations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concepts

B.desires

C.goals

D.spirits

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。aspiration表示“渴望，抱負(fù)”；A項(xiàng)concept“觀念，概念”，B項(xiàng)desire“欲望，要求，心愿”，C項(xiàng)goal“目標(biāo)，球門(mén)”，D項(xiàng)spirit“精神，心靈，情緒”。句意：發(fā)展中國(guó)家應(yīng)從現(xiàn)有的大量科學(xué)技術(shù)中，選擇符合自身目的、符合自身