書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽體育運(yùn)動(dòng)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Passage1

肝臟是人體最大的腺體,它位于右上腹部。肝臟表面光滑,因血液供應(yīng)豐富而呈暗紅色。大約25%的心輸出量流向肝臟。肝臟有許多重要的功能：1)營養(yǎng)物(蛋白質(zhì)、碳水化合物和脂肪)、藥物和毒素的攝取、儲(chǔ)存和代謝。2)合成蛋白的產(chǎn)生和機(jī)體物質(zhì)的代謝。

Passage2

100多年前,世界上第一輛汽車的誕生讓人們感受到速度帶來的震撼。然而,汽車在給人類社會(huì)帶來便捷的同時(shí),消耗了大量的石油,而且每天排放大量污染物,對人類健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重危害。因此,研發(fā)節(jié)能與新能源汽車成為全球汽車業(yè)發(fā)展的主題。

Passage3

管理是一種社會(huì)職能,隱藏在習(xí)俗、信念等傳統(tǒng)里,以及政府政策和政治制度中,管理也是‘文化'。人與人的關(guān)系正代替人與自然或人與物之間的關(guān)系成為相互交往的首要方式。人文文化從科學(xué)尋找自信心、理智能意念；科學(xué)從人文文化吸取朝向人的情感、價(jià)值觀念。

ChooseONLYONEtextformthefollowingandtranslateitintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovidedifmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】Passage1

Theliveristhelargestglandinthebodyandislocatedintherightupperquadrantoftheabdomen.Itisglossyinappearanceanddarkredincolorfromtherichsupplyofbloodflowingthroughit.Approximately25%ofthecardiacoutputflowstotheliver.Itperformsmanyimportantfunctions:First,theuptake,storage,anddisposalofnutrients(protein,carbohydratesandfat),drugs,toxins.Second,theproductionofsyntheticproteinsandthemetabolismofsubstancesproducedbythebody.

Passage2

100yearsago,theworld'sfirstcarwasborntomakepeoplefeelthethrillofspeed.However,thecarbringconveniencetothehumansociety,itconsumesalotofoilatthesametime,anddischargelargequantitiesofpollutantseveryday,causingseriousharmtohumanhealthandecologicalenvironment.Therefore,thedevelopmentofenergy-savingandnewenergyautomobilehasbecomethethemeofglobalautomotiveindustrydevelopment.

Passage3

Managementisakindofsocialfunction,hiddenintraditionalcustom,faith,aswellasthegovernmentpolicyandpoliticalsystem.Managementisalsoa'culture'.Interpersonalrelationshipisreplacingtherelationshipbetweenhumanandthenatureorhumanandmaterialandbecometheprimarymodeofinteraction.Humanisticculturelookingforself-confidence,rationalideasfromscience;scienceabsorbinghumanemotionsandvaluesfromthehumanisticculture.

2.單選題

Heroinaddictiontodayisfoundchieflyamongyoungmenofminoritygroupsinghetto(貧民區(qū))areas.Ofthemorethan60,000knownaddicts,morethanhalfliveinNewYorkState.MostofthemliveinNewYorkCity.Recentfiguresshowthatmorethanhalfoftheaddictsareunder30yearsofage.

Narcotic(麻醉的)addictionintheUnitedStatesisnotlimitedtoheroinusers.Somemiddle-agedandolderpeoplewhotakenarcoticdrugsregularlytorelievepaincanalsobecomeaddicted.Sodosomepeoplewhocangetdrugseasily,suchasdoctors,nurses,andpharmacists.Studiesshowthatthistypeofaddicthaspersonalityandemotionalproblemsverysimilartothoseofotherregularnarcoticusers.

Manyaddictsadmitthatgettingacontinuedsupplyisthemainobjectoftheirlives.Anaddict’sconcentrationongettingdrugsoftenpreventscontinuinganeducationorworkingatajob.Hishealthisoftenpoor.Hemaybesickonedayfromtheeffectsofwithdrawalandsickthenextfromanoverdose.Statisticsshowthatanaddict’slifespanmaybeshortenedby15to20years.Theaddictisusuallyintroublewithhisfamilyandalmostalwaysintroublewiththelaw.

Somestudiessuggestthatmanyoftheknownnarcoticaddictshadsometroublewiththelawbeforetheybecameaddicted.Onceaddicted,theymaybecomeevenmoreinvolvedwithcrimebecauseitcostssomuchtosupporttheheroinhabit.

Mostauthoritiesagreethattheaddict’sinvolvementwithcrimeisnotadirecteffectofthedrugitself.Turningtocrimeisusuallytheonlywaytogetthatmuchmoney.Theaddicts’crimesarenearlyalwaystheftsorothercrimesagainstproperty.

FederalpenaltiesforillegalnarcoticsusagewereestablishedundertheHarrisonActof1914.TheActprovidesthatillegalpossessionofnarcoticsispunishablebyfinesand/orimprisonment.Sentencescanrangefrom2to10yearsforthefirstoffence,5to20yearsforthesecond,and10to20yearsforfurtheroffenses.

Illegalsaleofnarcoticscanmeanafineof$20,000andasentencefrom20to40yearsforlateroffenses.Apersonwhosellsnarcoticstosomeoneunder18isrefusedparoleandprobation,evenforthefirstoffense.Ifthedrugisheroin,hecanbesentencedtolifeimprisonmentortodeath.

42.Whatisthetopicofthispassage?

43.Accordingtotheauthor,howcantheaddictsgetmoneyfordrugs?

44.Accordingtotheauthor,whocangetnarcoticeasily?

45.Apersonwhosellsherointoakidcanbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Howtocureadrugaddict.

B.Heroinandnarcotic.

C.Theharmofdrugsandtheantidrugmeasurestakenbythegovernment.

D.TheAmericanlaws.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Borrowfromtheirfamilies.

B.Byhardworking.

C.Inanillegalway.

D.Theauthordoesn’tmentionit.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Government

B.Medicalworkers

C.Theminorities

D.TheJews

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.fined$20,000

B.sentencedto5to20yearsinprison

C.sentencedtodeath

D.sentencedto20to40yearsinprison

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】42.主旨大意題。本文主要闡述了毒品的危害和政府應(yīng)對毒品問題采取的措施。因此C選項(xiàng)“毒品的危害和政府采取的禁毒措施”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“如何治愈癮君子”在文中并未談及，可排除，B選項(xiàng)“海洛因和麻醉劑”只是小部分內(nèi)容，不能作為文章的主旨，D選項(xiàng)“美國法”只說了對非法使用麻醉品的聯(lián)邦懲罰，不能作為文章主旨。故選C。

43.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在文章的第五段Turningtocrimeisusuallytheonlywaytogetthatmuchmoney.Theaddicts’crimesarenearlyalwaystheftsorothercrimesagainstproperty（犯罪往往是唯一獲得那么多錢的途徑。癮君子犯罪總是偷竊或者其他應(yīng)對貧窮的犯罪。）由此可知癮君子購買毒品的錢多是通過非法途徑獲得的，因此C選項(xiàng)“以非法的方式”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“向家人借錢”，B選項(xiàng)“通過努力工作”，D選項(xiàng)“作者并未提及”均與題意不符，故選C。

44.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在第二段Sodosomepeoplewhocangetdrugseasily,suchasdoctors,nurses,andpharmacists.（一些能夠輕易獲得麻醉藥物的人，如醫(yī)生、護(hù)士和藥劑師，也容易因此而上癮。）由此可知醫(yī)務(wù)人員可以輕易的獲得麻醉藥物，因此B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)務(wù)人員”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“政府”，C選項(xiàng)“少數(shù)民族”，D選項(xiàng)“猶太人”均與題意不符，故選B。

45.推理判斷題。定位到文章的最后一段Apersonwhosellsnarcoticstosomeoneunder18isrefusedparoleandprobation,evenforthefirstoffense.Ifthedrugisheroin,hecanbesentencedtolifeimprisonmentortodeath.（向18歲以下的人出售毒品會(huì)被拒絕假釋和緩刑，即使是初犯。如果毒品是海洛因，他可能被判無期徒刑或死刑。）由此可以推論只要是販賣海洛因不論對象是誰，最終判罪都只能是無期徒刑或者是死刑。因此C選項(xiàng)“判處死刑”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“罰款20000美元”，B選項(xiàng)“被判5到20年監(jiān)禁”，D選項(xiàng)“被判20到40年監(jiān)禁”均與題意不符，故選C。

3.單選題

“Doyouwanttoseemydriver’slicenseormypassport?”

“Oh,（

）."

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eitherdoeswell

B.eitheronewilldo

C.eachoneisgood

D.eachwillbefine

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。Either表示“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”，each表示“兩者中的每一個(gè)”。因此根據(jù)題干可知應(yīng)該用either,時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)是將來時(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Weare___facedwiththenecessitytorecognizethathavingmorepeopleimpliesalowerstandardofliving.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.readily

B.smoothly

C.inevitably

D.deliberately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)readily“容易地；樂意地；無困難地”；B選項(xiàng)smoothly“平穩(wěn)地；平滑地；順利地；流暢地；平靜地；均勻地”；C選項(xiàng)inevitably“不可避免地；必然地”；D選項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地；緩慢而謹(jǐn)慎地”。句意：我們___要認(rèn)識(shí)到有更多的人就意味著更低的生活水平。本句表達(dá)“不可避免地認(rèn)識(shí)到”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thepovertylineistheminimumincomethatpeopleneedforanacceptablestandardofliving.Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.Economistsstudythecausesofpovertyinordertofindsolutionstotheproblem.

Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.Therefore,evenwithtoday’srelativelyhighstandardofliving,about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline.However,ifthesepeoplehadstablejobs,theycouldhaveanacceptablestandardofliving.Economistssuggestseveralreasonswhypoorpeopledonothavejobs.

Foronething,morethanhalfofthepoorpeopleintheUnitedStatesarenotqualifiedtowork.Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Bylaw,childrenlessthan16yearsoldcannotworkinmanyindustries.Alargenumberofpoorpeopleareold.Manycompaniesdonothirepeopleover65yearsold,thenormalretirementage.

Somepooradultsdonotlookforjobsforavarietyofpersonalreasons:theyaresick,theydonothaveanymotivation,theyhavefamilyproblems,ortheydonotbelievethattheycanfindajob.Otherpoorpeoplelookforajobbutcannotfindone.Manypooradultsneverwenttohighschool.Therefore,whentheylookforjobs,theyhavefewskillsthattheycanoffer.

Atthepresenttime,thegovernmentthinksitcanreducepovertyinthecountryinthefollowingways.

First,ifthenationaleconomygrows,businessesandindustrieshiremoreworkers.Someofthepoorwhoarequalifiedtolookforjobsmayfindemployment.Thentheywillnolongerbebelowthepovertyline.

Second,ifsocietyinvestsinthepoor,thepoorwillbecomemoreproductive.Ifthegovernmentspendsmoneyonsocialprograms,education,andtrainingforpoorpeople,thepoorwillhavetheskillstooffer.Thenitismorelikelythattheycanfindjobs.

Finally,ifthegovernmentdistributessociety’sincomedifferently,itraisessomepoorpeopleabovethepovertyline.Thegovernmentcollectstaxesfromthenon-poorandgivesmoneytothepoor.Thesepaymentstothepoorarecalledwelfare.In1975over18millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesreceivedwelfare.

Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.However,atthepresenttime,manypeopledependonwelfareforaminimallyacceptablestandardofliving.

1.Theauthor’smainpurposetowritethisarticleis____________.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Morethan40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Thisismainlybecause____________.

4.MostoftheAmericanpoorpeoplearenotqualifiedforemploymentbecause____________.

5.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat____________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.todefinewhatthepovertylineis

B.toexplainwhyyoungpeoplelivebelowthepovertyline

C.tofindsolutionstotheproblemofpoverty

D.toshowsympathyforthosepoorpeople

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TenpercentoftheAmericansliveapoorlife.

B.Poorpeoplearethosewholivebelowthepovertyline.

C.Thepovertylinerisesasthegeneralstandardoflivingrises.

D.Thepovertylinetendstobeatthesamelevel.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theydonothaveenoughmotivation

B.theyaresoyoungthattheyaredeprivedofchancestowork

C.theyfailtogetenougheducation

D.theyareverypoorinhealth

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theydonothaveanymotivationtowork

B.theyarenotveryself-confident

C.theyaretooyoungortoooldtowork

D.theyhavephysicalandfamilyproblems

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.bettersolutionstothepovertyproblemarenotyetfound

B.welfarewillenablepeopletoberich

C.poorpeopleareboundtogooutofthepovertylineiftheyhavechancestodobusiness

D.employmentisthebestsolutiontothepovertyproblem

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Economistsstudythecausesofpovertyinordertofindsolutionstotheproblem.（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家研究貧困的原因是為了找到解決問題的辦法。），結(jié)合后文提到貧困的原因以及解決的方法，可知本文主要在尋找解決貧困的方法，故C選項(xiàng)“尋找解決貧困問題的方法”正確。A選項(xiàng)“定義貧困線”：在文章第一句提出，后面沒有進(jìn)一步再解釋，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“解釋為什么年輕人生活在貧困線以下”：文章有提到，但這只是文章內(nèi)容的一部分，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“對窮人表示同情”：不是文章主要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)，A選項(xiàng)“百分之十的美國人過著貧困的生活”：根據(jù)第二段第二句about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline（10%的美國人生活在貧困線以下），可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“窮人是那些生活在貧困線以下的人”：Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.（收入在貧困線以下的人被認(rèn)為是窮人。），可知B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“貧困線隨著總體生活水平的提高而提高”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.（隨著國家總體生活水平的提高，貧困線也在提高。），可知貧困線不會(huì)一成不變，故D選項(xiàng)“貧困線往往在同一水平”正確，B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Bylaw,childrenlessthan16yearsoldcannotworkinmanyindustries.（超過40%的窮人是兒童。根據(jù)法律規(guī)定，16歲以下的兒童不能在許多行業(yè)工作。），可知兒童沒有錢的原因是不能工作，故B選項(xiàng)“他們太年輕了，還不能工作”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們沒有足夠的積極性”和D選項(xiàng)“他們的健康狀況很差”是一些成年人找不到工作的原因，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“他們沒有得到足夠的教育”：這是窮人普遍找不到工作的原因，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.（超過40%的窮人是兒童。）和第四句Alargenumberofpoorpeopleareold.（大量的窮人是老人），可知年齡太小或太大而不能工作的兒童和老人是窮人中沒有就業(yè)資格的主要人群，故C選項(xiàng)“他們太年輕或太老而不能工作”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們沒有工作的動(dòng)力”，B選項(xiàng)“他們不是很自信”和D選項(xiàng)“他們有身體和家庭問題”：這些是少部分貧困成年人沒有工作的原因。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第九段第一句Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.（一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家正在尋找解決貧困問題的更好辦法），可知A選項(xiàng)“還沒有找到更好的解決貧困問題的辦法”正確。B選項(xiàng)“福利將使人們變得富有”：In1975over18millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesreceivedwelfare.（1975年，美國有超過1800萬人得到了社會(huì)福利），得到福利的人這么多，依然那么多人處于貧困，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“如果窮人有機(jī)會(huì)做生意，他們一定會(huì)走出貧困線”：根據(jù)第七段ifsocietyinvestsinthepoor…Thenitismorelikelythattheycanfindjobs.（如果社會(huì)對窮人進(jìn)行投資……這樣他們就更有可能找到工作），可知窮人有機(jī)會(huì)做生意不代表一定會(huì)脫離貧困，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“就業(yè)是解決貧困問題的最好辦法”：根據(jù)上文，兒童和老人是貧困的主要人群，而他們沒有工作能力，所以就業(yè)不是解決貧困的最好方法，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thefacultyofthecollegehesitatesaboutabolishingthephysicaleducationrequirement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.improving

B.canceling

C.concluding

D.reporting

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)improving“提高”；B選項(xiàng)canceling“取消”；C選項(xiàng)concluding“結(jié)束”；D選項(xiàng)reporting“報(bào)告”。句意：那所大學(xué)的教員對取消體育課的要求猶豫不決。劃線部分abolishing是取消的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Somepeoplecomplaindoctorsfor

toomanymedicinesforminorillnesses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advising

B.delivering

C.ordering

D.prescribing

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Advise“建議”；deliver“交付；遞送”；order“命令”；prescribe“開藥方”。句意：一些人抱怨醫(yī)生總是給小病開很多藥。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Dr.HowardMartingavefataldosesofpainkillerstoterminallyillpatientsoutof（

）andactedintheirbestinterests.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suspicion

B.curiosity

C.compassion

D.prejudice

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。suspicion“懷疑，猜疑”；curiosity“好奇”；compassion“同情，憐憫”；prejudice“偏見，損害”。句意：霍華德?馬丁醫(yī)生給絕癥晚期的病人服用致命劑量的止痛劑是出于同情，是為病人最佳利益考慮而采取的行動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Itissometimesdifficultto（）ahappymediuminlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adopt

B.make

C.reach

D.strike

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項(xiàng)adopt“采取；接受；收養(yǎng)；正式通過”；B選項(xiàng)make“使得；進(jìn)行；布置，準(zhǔn)備，整理；制造；認(rèn)為；獲得；形成”；C選項(xiàng)reach“達(dá)到；延伸；伸出手；傳開；范圍；延伸；河段；橫風(fēng)行駛”；D選項(xiàng)strike“撞擊；打；踢（球等）；突擊；罷工；使打動(dòng)；侵襲；罷工；抗拒；襲擊；毆打”。根據(jù)固定搭配strikeahappymedium“采取折中的辦法；采取中庸之道”可知該題選strike。句意：生活中有時(shí)很難找到折中的辦法。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Theidealcompanionmachine-thecomputer-wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser'slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)-way（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthorisinhisattitudetowardthecomputer（

）.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Activeincommunication

B.Attractiveinpersonality.

C.enjoyableinperformance

D.unpredictableinbehavior

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson'slife

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Artificialrelationships.

B.Howtoformintimaterelationships

C.Theaffectionatemachine

D.Humansandcomputers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出:machinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(機(jī)器有一點(diǎn)不可預(yù)測),因此D項(xiàng)與原文不符。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段:Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation(整個(gè)過程將以一種微妙的方式完成，以避免給人一種過于熟悉的印象，這可能會(huì)引起不安)。表明這種電腦與人類建立關(guān)系的過程是'inasubtleway,故選D項(xiàng)(不顯眼的，不引人注意的)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段:itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown(它有時(shí)會(huì)主動(dòng)發(fā)展或改變話題，并擁有自己的個(gè)性),可以看出A跟D項(xiàng)有提到,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle(但當(dāng)它逐漸了解用戶時(shí)，它會(huì)發(fā)展成一種更輕松、更貼心的風(fēng)格),可以看出C項(xiàng)有提到。而B選項(xiàng)(對早起的接觸很敏感)與"Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant"不符,故選B。

4.態(tài)度方向。形容這種電腦作者用到的詞匯有:comfortable、interesting等,不難看出作者對這種電腦的態(tài)度是"favorable"贊賞的。

5.主旨大意題。作者介紹了這種“仿真交際”電腦與人類如何建立關(guān)系，并圍繞這種電腦的各項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)來介紹它是具有人情味、人性化的,因此C項(xiàng)作標(biāo)題最合適。

11.單選題

AsGilbertWhite,Darwin,andothersobservedlongago,allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.Thetaskforecologistsistountangletheenvironmentalandbiologicalfactorsthatholdthisintrinsiccapacityforpopulationgrowthincheckdifferentpopulationsmakesthisoverthelongrun.Thegreatvarietyofdynamicbehaviorsexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsmakesthistaskmoredifficult:somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyear;otherexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity;stillothersvarywildly,withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather,andinothercasesnot.

Toimposesomeorderonthiskaleidoscopeofpatterns,oneschoolofthoughtproposesdividingpopulationsintotwogroups.Theseecologistspositthattherelativelysteadypopulationshave“density-dependent”growthparameters;thatis,ratesofbirth,death,andmigrationwhichdependstronglyonpopulationdensity.Thehighlyvaryingpopulationshave“density-independent”growthparameters,withvital,ratesbuffetedbyenvironmentalevents;theseratesfluctuateinawaythatiswhollyindependentofpopulationdensity.

Thisdichotomyhasitsuses,butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally.Foronethingnopopulationcanbedrivenentirelybydensity-independentfactorsallthetime.Nomatterhowseverelyorunpredictablybirth,deathandmigrationratesmaybefluctuatingaroundtheirlong-termaverages,iftherewerenodensity-dependenteffects,thepopulationwould,inthelongrun,eitherincreaseordecreasewithoutbound(barringamiraclebywhichgainsandlossescanceledexactly).Putanotherway,itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independentcauses,andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant,andtheircausemaybecorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.Yet,whetherrecognizedornot,theywillusuallydeterminethelong-termaveragepopulationdensity.

Inordertounderstandthenatureoftheecologist’sinvestigation,wemaythinkofthedensity-dependenteffectsongrowthparametersasthe“signal”ecologistsaretryingtoisolateandinterpret,onethattendstomakethepopulationincreasefromrelativelylowvaluesordecreasefromrelativelyhighones,whilethedensity-independenteffectsacttoproduce“noise”inthepopulationdynamics.Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant,orthatoscillatearoundrepeatedcycles,thesignalcanbefairlyeasilycharacterizedanditseffectsdescribed,eventhoughthecausativebiologicalmechanismmayremainunknown.Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,wearelikelytohavetoofewobservationstohaveanyhopeofextractingthesignalfromtheoverwhelmingnoise.Butitnowseemsclearthatallpopulationsareregulatedbyamixtureofdensity-dependentanddensity-independenteffectsinvaryingproportions.

58.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

59.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorconsidersthedichotomydiscussedinparagraph2tobe______.

60.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

61.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingbehaviorshavebeenexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsexcept______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussingtwocategoriesoffactorsthatcontrolpopulationgrowthandassessingtheirrelativeimportance

B.describinghowgrowthratesinnaturalpopulationsfluctuateovertimeandexplainingwhythesechangesoccur

C.proposingahypothesisconcerningpopulationsizesandsuggestingwaystotestit

D.posingafundamentalquestionaboutenvironmentalfactorsinpopulationgrowthandpresentingsomecurrentlyacceptedanswers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.applicableonlytoerraticallyfluctuatingpopulations

B.useful,butonlyifitslimitationsarerecognized

C.dangerouslymisleadinginmostcircumstances

D.acompleteandsufficientwaytoaccountforobservedphenomena

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,doublingthenumberofobservationsmadewillprobablyresultintheisolationofdensity-dependenteffects.

B.Density-dependenteffectsonpopulationdynamicsdonotoccurasfrequentlyasdodensity-independenteffects.

C.Atpresent,ecologistsdonotunderstandanyoftheunderlyingcausesofthedensity-dependenteffectstheyobserveinpopulationdynamics.

D.Itissometimespossibletoinfertheexistenceofadensity-dependentfactorcontrollingpopulationgrowthwithoutunderstandingitscausativemechanism.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.roughlyconstantpopulationlevelsfromyeartoyear

B.regularcyclesofincreasesanddecreasesinnumbers

C.erraticincreasesinnumberscorrelatedwiththeweather

D.increasefromrelativelyhighvalues

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】58.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】中心主旨題。題干意思是“在這篇文章中，作者主要關(guān)注……”。文章首先提出物種增長的現(xiàn)象，隨即提出二分法并對其進(jìn)行討論，最后對這個(gè)二分法進(jìn)行評估，因此在這篇文章中，作者主要關(guān)注的是討論控制人口增長的兩類因素以及他們的重要性，所以A項(xiàng)“討論控制人口增長的兩類因素，并評估它們的相對重要性”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“描述自然種群的增長率如何隨時(shí)間波動(dòng)，并解釋這些變化發(fā)生的原因”、C項(xiàng)“提出關(guān)于人口規(guī)模的假設(shè)，并提出檢驗(yàn)它的方法”和D項(xiàng)“提出一個(gè)關(guān)于人口增長中環(huán)境因素的基本問題，并提出一些目前公認(rèn)的答案”都是文章中的一部分，不夠全面。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

59.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以推斷出，作者認(rèn)為第2段討論的二分法是……”。第二段提到二分法，即therelativelysteadypopulationshave“density-dependent”growthparameters（相對穩(wěn)定的種群具有“密度依賴”的生長參數(shù)），并解釋了“密度依賴”和“密度獨(dú)立”，接著第三段闡述了二分法的局限性，倒數(shù)第二句和第三句提到Putanotherway,itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independentcauses,andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant,andtheircausemaybecorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.（換句話說，一個(gè)種群中99%的死亡可能是由密度獨(dú)立的原因造成的，只有1%是由隨密度變化的因素造成的。構(gòu)成這百分之一的因素可能看起來不重要，它們的原因可能相應(yīng)地很難確定。），最后第三段總結(jié)所有的種群都受到不同比例的密度依賴和密度獨(dú)立的交叉影響，所以可以推斷，作者認(rèn)為第二段中討論的二分法有局限性，但是仍然是有用的，所以B項(xiàng)“有用的，但只有當(dāng)它的局限性被承認(rèn)的時(shí)候”符合題意，也可知D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)完整和充分的方法來解釋觀察到的現(xiàn)象”錯(cuò)誤。A項(xiàng)“只適用于不穩(wěn)定的人口”和C項(xiàng)“在大多數(shù)情況下是危險(xiǎn)的誤導(dǎo)”沒提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

60.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下面哪個(gè)陳述可以從最后一段推斷出來？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章最后一段，由倒數(shù)第三句Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant,orthatoscillatearoundrepeatedcycles,thesignalcanbefairlyeasilycharacterizedanditseffectsdescribed,eventhoughthecausativebiologicalmechanismmayremainunknown.（對于那些保持相對恒定的種群，或者那些在重復(fù)周期中振蕩的種群，即使引起生物學(xué)機(jī)制的原因可能仍然未知，也可以相當(dāng)容易地描述信號的特征和它的影響。）可知，即使在不了解機(jī)制原因的情況下，信號的特征和它的影響也很容易描述，而這個(gè)信號就是密度依賴對生長參數(shù)的影響，所以D項(xiàng)“在不了解其成因機(jī)制的情況下，有時(shí)可能推斷出控制人口增長的密度依賴因素的存在”正確。倒數(shù)第二句提到Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,wearelikelytohavetoofewobservationstohaveanyhopeofextractingthesignalfromtheoverwhelmingnoise.（對于不規(guī)則波動(dòng)的種群，我們可能由于觀測結(jié)果太少而難以從大量噪聲中提取信號。）可知，對于不規(guī)則波動(dòng)的種群，因?yàn)橛^測結(jié)果太少所以沒有辦法提取信號，文中沒有提到這個(gè)結(jié)果和觀測次數(shù)有直接關(guān)系，A項(xiàng)“對于不規(guī)則波動(dòng)的種群，將觀測次數(shù)翻倍可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致密度依賴效應(yīng)的隔離”不正確。B項(xiàng)“密度依賴效應(yīng)對種群動(dòng)態(tài)的影響不像密度獨(dú)立效應(yīng)那樣頻繁發(fā)生”和C項(xiàng)“目前，生態(tài)學(xué)家們還不了解他們在種群動(dòng)態(tài)中觀察到的密度依賴效應(yīng)的任何潛在原因”在最后一段中沒有相關(guān)信息能夠推理。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

61.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，除了……以外，以下所有行為都在不同的人群中表現(xiàn)出來了”。文章第一段指出somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyear;otherexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity;stillothersvarywildly,withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather,andinothercasesnot.（一些種群年復(fù)一年保持大致不變；其他表現(xiàn)出豐富和匱乏的規(guī)律周期；其他的情況差別很大，疾病的爆發(fā)和交通事故在某些情況下與天氣明顯相關(guān)，而在另一些情況下則不是。），由此可知，對于不同的種群，數(shù)量的變化不是一直不變的，或者是有增加或減少的規(guī)律，而且有些種群會(huì)受到天氣相關(guān)因素的影響，而有些則不會(huì)，所以A項(xiàng)“每年大致不變的人口水平”、B項(xiàng)“在數(shù)量上增加和減少的規(guī)律循環(huán)”和C項(xiàng)“與天氣相關(guān)的不規(guī)則增長”均排除。在第一段第一句提到allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.（所有的物種似乎都有一種與生俱來的能力，可以一代又一代地增加它們的數(shù)量），可知D項(xiàng)“從相對較高的值增加”是符合題意的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Despiterepeated（

）byeducationalauthoritiesforconcretemeasurestoreducestudents’burdens，littlehaschanged.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.directions

B.recommendations

C.advice

D.calls

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管教務(wù)部再三呼吁減輕學(xué)生負(fù)擔(dān)，但是幾乎沒有改變。direction“指示”；recommendation“推薦；建議”；advice“建議”；calls“呼吁”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

I’msureyourresearchhas______thisdisease.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributedtounderstandingof

B.contributedtounderstandof

C.beencontributedtounderstandof

D.beencontributedtounderstandingof

【答案】A

【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：我相信你的研究有助于了解這種疾病。I’msure(that)+賓語從句，根據(jù)contribute的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去、對現(xiàn)在有影響，確定用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；根據(jù)contribute的動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)發(fā)生，確定用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；根據(jù)of所屬結(jié)構(gòu)確定用名詞性的understanding，A選項(xiàng)contributedtounderstandingof符合題意。B選項(xiàng)understand是動(dòng)詞詞性，C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)中hasbeendone是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

strophysicistswrestlingwiththestudyofanewkindofstar,theflat,“two-dimensional”configurationsknownasaccretiondiskshaverecentlygainednewinsightsintothebehaviorofthesestars.Accretiondisksexistinavarietyofsituationswheremattersswirlaroundacompactstarsuchasawhitedwarfstaroraneutronstar.Accretiondisksarealsosuspectedofplayingapartinmoreexoticsituations,inwhichthecentralobjectisimaginedtobeasupermassiveblackhole,theultimateformofcollapsedmatter,ratherthanacompactstar.Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.Similarly,thebasicphysicsofthepowerbywhichaccretiondisksradiate,thoughttooriginateinaformofturbulentfriction,isknownonlyatthecrudestlevel.

AccretiondiskswerefirstdefinedinthecontextofCataclysmicvariables.Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalin