書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東水利職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Japan,whosepopulationisagingfasterthanthatofanyothernations,mayprovidealaboratoryforthechallengesthatdevelopedsocietieswillincreasinglyface.Suchchallenges（51）risingpensionandmedicalcostsandgreaterstress（52）ashrinkingnumberoffamilycaretakers,（53）toarecentstudypublishedbythePopulationReferenceBureau.Inc,inWashington,D.C.

TheproportionoftheJapanesepopulation（54）65andoverisexpectedto（55）thandoublebetween1985and2025,（56）from10%ofthetotalpopulationto23%,（57）todecreasingbirthanddeathrates.（58）,Japan’selderlyhavebeenconsidered“honorableelders”who（59）aspecialplaceinthehome,accordingtoLindaG.Martin,authorof（60）NationalAcademyofSciences’CommitteeonPopulation.（61）theproportionofelderlylivingwiththeirchildren（62）from77%in1970to65%in1985.

Increased（63）ofmiddle-agedwomen,thetraditionalcaretakers（64）theelderly,meansthata（65）proportionofelderlyJapanesecan（66）uponcarebyfamilymembers.Theproportionofmarried（67）ofchildbearingageplanningtodependontheir（68）forsupportinold（69）decreasedfrom55%in1950to18%in1988.（70）wheresuchcareisprovided,thereissomeevidenceofconsiderablefamilystressandpoorqualityofcare.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insert

B.include

C.enclose

D.hide

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.in

C.on

D.into

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.according

B.due

C.previous

D.thanks

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.age

B.aging

C.aged

D.ages

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.more

B.rather

C.other

D.nomore

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.rising

B.standing

C.lowering

D.enduring

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.due

B.expected

C.fitting

D.suitable

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.Commonly

B.Publicly

C.Traditionally

D.Normally

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.earn

B.deserve

C.draw

D.derive

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.a

B.the

C.one

D.some

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.Besides

B.And

C.So

D.But

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.omitted

B.dropped

C.failed

D.crashed

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.assignment

B.responsibility

C.employment

D.business

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.for

C.toward

D.of

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.small

B.little

C.smaller

D.less

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.go

B.hang

C.hold

D.rely

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.wives

B.partners

C.women

D.ladies

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.babies

B.children

C.adults

D.parents

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.age

B.ages

C.lifetime

D.period

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.Even

B.Still

C.Truly

D.Yet

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:D

第17題:C

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】51.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)insert“插入”；B選項(xiàng)include“包括”；C選項(xiàng)enclose“圍住，隨函附上”；D選項(xiàng)hide“隱瞞；躲藏”。在本句中Suchchallenges這類(lèi)挑戰(zhàn)與養(yǎng)老金和醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的上升是一種涵蓋的關(guān)系，故選B。

52.考查固定搭配。句意：這些挑戰(zhàn)包括不斷上漲的養(yǎng)老金和醫(yī)療費(fèi)用以及更大的壓力落在了越來(lái)越少的家庭看護(hù)人身上。A選項(xiàng)to“去；到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)方向；B選項(xiàng)in“在……里面”；C選項(xiàng)on“在……之上”；D選項(xiàng)into“從外向內(nèi)進(jìn)入”。前面的關(guān)鍵詞stress常與介詞on搭配。例如：putstressonsb“給某人施加壓力”，C選項(xiàng)符合句意和搭配，故選C。

53.考查固定搭配?？崭袂敖o了我們一個(gè)結(jié)論，后面是發(fā)布研究結(jié)果的機(jī)構(gòu)，根據(jù)介詞to和arecentstudy最新研究，accordingto固定搭配“根據(jù)……”，根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究得出一個(gè)結(jié)論，故選A。

54.考查固定搭配。空格后面的65我們可以根據(jù)前段的population理解為年齡為65歲的人，單由數(shù)字無(wú)法進(jìn)行斷定，故使用過(guò)去分詞進(jìn)行詮釋?zhuān)硎疽呀?jīng)65歲的人，AD選項(xiàng)不能使用在數(shù)字前，而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)有其固定搭配agingfrom…to“年齡從幾歲到幾歲”，故選C。

55.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)morethan“超過(guò)”；B選項(xiàng)ratherthan“而不是……”；C選項(xiàng)otherthan“除了……外”；D選項(xiàng)nomorethan“至多，只不過(guò)”，后面的double兩倍，比例從10%到23%是在增加的，故選A。

56.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rise“上升”；B選項(xiàng)stand“站立；忍受”；C選項(xiàng)lower“降低”；D選項(xiàng)endure“忍受”，從后面的數(shù)據(jù)10%-23%我們可知這個(gè)幅度是在上升的，故選A。

57.考查句子間的關(guān)系。由前一句可知日本的老齡化越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重了，空格后decreasingbirthanddeathrate“減少的出生率與死亡率”，人口老齡化和出生率和死亡率的降低存在因果關(guān)系，故選A，dueto固定搭配，意為“由于，因?yàn)椤薄?/p>

58.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)commonly“通常地”；B選項(xiàng)publicly“公然地”；C選項(xiàng)traditionally“傳統(tǒng)上地”；D選項(xiàng)normally“通常地”。AD選項(xiàng)同義故可排除，后半句Japan’selderlyhavebeenconsidered“honorableelders”日本老年人被認(rèn)為是尊敬的長(zhǎng)者。尊老愛(ài)幼是傳統(tǒng)美德，我們也可以從時(shí)態(tài)判斷havedone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，綜合考慮C選項(xiàng)更符合句意。故選C。

59.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)earn“賺得，贏得”；B選項(xiàng)“值得”；C選項(xiàng)draw“畫(huà)，移動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)“起源于，來(lái)自”。由空格后面的名詞詞組aspecialplace一個(gè)特殊的地位，結(jié)合前半句進(jìn)行理解，傳統(tǒng)意義上，日本的老人一直被認(rèn)為是尊敬的長(zhǎng)者從而在家庭中……一個(gè)特殊地位。這個(gè)特殊地位并非是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)，是歷史以來(lái)沿襲從而獲得的，故選A。

60.考查冠詞的用法。空格后接的是一個(gè)專(zhuān)有名詞，需使用定冠詞the，表示特指，故選B。

61.考查邏輯關(guān)系。前面說(shuō)到日本的老年人在家庭中有一個(gè)特殊的地位。后面卻說(shuō)到老年人與子女一起生活的比例從1970年的77％下降到了1985年的65％。與邏輯不符合，需要用But進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折承接，同理可排除ABC選項(xiàng)，故選D。

62.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由空格后的數(shù)據(jù)77%-65%可知這個(gè)比例是在下降的。A選項(xiàng)omit“省略，刪掉”；B選項(xiàng)drop“落下，降低”；C選項(xiàng)fail“失敗，不夠”；D選項(xiàng)crash“碰撞，暴跌”。其中D選項(xiàng)的暴跌多運(yùn)用于股市中。故選B。

63.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)assignment“作業(yè)，任務(wù)，分配”；B選項(xiàng)responsibility“責(zé)任，義務(wù)”；C選項(xiàng)employment“雇用，就業(yè)”；D選項(xiàng)business“業(yè)務(wù)，商業(yè)”。承接上一段老年人與子女一起生活的比例在不斷降低，下一段進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行解釋。increased增加的，之所以會(huì)減少與子女在一起生活的比例主要與中年女性增加的就業(yè)率有關(guān)。C選項(xiàng)符合題意邏輯，故選C。

64.考查介詞辨析。本句主語(yǔ)是middle-agedwomen“中年女性”，下一句thetraditionalcaretakers“傳統(tǒng)的看護(hù)者”是主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，中年女性和后面的老年人屬于一種照顧與被照顧的關(guān)系，對(duì)于家里的老人有贍養(yǎng)的義務(wù)。A選項(xiàng)to“給；去”；B選項(xiàng)for“對(duì)于；為了”；C選項(xiàng)toward“朝向”，方向介詞；D選項(xiàng)of“屬于……的”，常表示所屬關(guān)系，故選B。

65.考查語(yǔ)義邏輯。上一段內(nèi)容就已經(jīng)提到了與子女一起生活的比例本就減少了，本段開(kāi)頭提及中年女性的就業(yè)率的增加，那么能夠在家照看老人的就更少了，本句含有遞進(jìn)與比較，由此可以推理出能夠與子女一起居住的比例還會(huì)更少。需要用比較級(jí)。只有CD選項(xiàng)符合要求，而D選項(xiàng)less只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，主語(yǔ)為elderlyJapanese為復(fù)數(shù)形式，同樣的，也考查到了固定搭配asmallproportionof……“一小部分”，句中含有比較所以需要使用small的比較級(jí)smaller，故選C。

66.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)go“走；去”；B選項(xiàng)hang“懸掛：絞死”；C選項(xiàng)hold“拿著；保持”；D選項(xiàng)rely“依靠，依賴(lài)”。年長(zhǎng)的人需要依靠家庭成員的照顧，故選D。

67.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)wives“妻子”；B選項(xiàng)partners“配偶；同伴；合伙人”；C選項(xiàng)women“女人”；D選項(xiàng)ladies“女士”。前文一直在談?wù)撝心昱?，空格前的修飾詞married“已婚的”，已婚的女人意思可以更加廣泛，可以涵蓋所有對(duì)女人的頭銜，故選C。

68.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)babies“寶寶；嬰兒”；B選項(xiàng)children“孩子”；C選項(xiàng)adults“成年人”；D選項(xiàng)“父母”。根據(jù)句意，已婚的女人打算老了之后依靠她們的孩子（養(yǎng)老）。故選B。

69.考查固定搭配。句意：“已婚婦女打算在她們垂暮之年依靠自己的孩子養(yǎng)老?！眎noldage為固定搭配“垂暮之年；老年”，故選A。

70.考查邏輯關(guān)系?；仡櫱耙痪淠軌蛏⒆拥囊鸦閶D女的比例從1950的55%減少到了1988年的18%。能夠依靠子女養(yǎng)老的老人數(shù)量越來(lái)越少。根據(jù)后半句“thereissomeevidenceofconsiderablefamilystressandpoorqualityofcare.有證據(jù)表明，會(huì)有相當(dāng)大的家庭壓力和較差的護(hù)理質(zhì)量?！焙蟀刖湔Z(yǔ)氣是肯定的，也是在闡述一個(gè)事實(shí)，所以前半句應(yīng)從實(shí)際出發(fā)，故選C。

2.單選題

Platosuggestedmemorywasanalogous[A]totheimpressionofmessagesonwax[B]writingtablets.ForPlato,writingonthetabletrepresentedlearningsomethingnew.Thetabletitselfwasthememorystore,andreadingthetabletslaterwasanalogousto[C]trytorecallthestoredinformation.Unfortunately,Plato’sanalogymissesanimportantcharacteristicofmemory,[D]namelythatitisselective.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.writing

C.trytorecall

D.namely

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法。C選項(xiàng)前的beanalogousto“類(lèi)似于……”，后面的to是介詞，后面應(yīng)接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或者代詞，應(yīng)將try改為trying。

3.單選題

CambridgeUniversitywaseasily___,andhereturnedtheretobeginhismajorresearchactivities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accessible

B.attributable

C.attainable

D.attachable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)accessible“易接近的；可進(jìn)入的；可理解的”；B選項(xiàng)attributable“可歸于……的；可歸屬的”；C選項(xiàng)attainable“可得到的；可達(dá)到的；可到達(dá)的”；D選項(xiàng)attachable“可附上的；可連接的；可逮捕的；可沒(méi)收的”。句意：劍橋大學(xué)很容易進(jìn)入，他回到那里開(kāi)始了他的主要研究活動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

IttookMikecourageand（）tolearntolivewithahandicapafterhewasinjuredinacaraccident.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.endurance

B.tolerance

C.continuation

D.insistence

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)endurance“忍耐力;耐久力;”；B選項(xiàng)tolerance“忍受;容忍”；C選項(xiàng)continuation“繼續(xù);連續(xù)”；D選項(xiàng)insistence“堅(jiān)決要求;堅(jiān)持;固執(zhí)”。句意：邁克在車(chē)禍中受傷后，他花了很大的勇氣和耐力才學(xué)會(huì)在殘疾的情況下生活。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“邁克在車(chē)禍中受傷后”可知A符合句意。

5.單選題

Wantingto（）muchandworkingharderthaneverdonotleavemuchroomforrelationships.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preoccupy

B.feast

C.accomplish

D.predominate

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。preoccupy“使全神貫注”；feast“赴宴”；accomplish“完成”；predominate“支配，主宰”。句意：想要占主導(dǎo)地位，就要比以往任何時(shí)候都更努力地工作，不要給人際關(guān)系留下太多時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Fashionmodelingsoundslikeaneasy,glamorousjob,______onlypatient,perseveringgirlscanstandthestrainofit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.and

C.so

D.as

【答案】A

【解析】考查語(yǔ)言邏輯。A項(xiàng)but“但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，B項(xiàng)and“和”表并列，C項(xiàng)so“因此”表因果，D項(xiàng)as“作為，因?yàn)椤北矸绞交蛘咴?。前一句話和后一句話存在意義上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)填轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，A項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：時(shí)裝模特聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是一份簡(jiǎn)單、迷人的工作，但只有有耐心、有毅力的女孩才能承受它的壓力。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Unfortunatelymostofthesciencefictionfilmsofthe1970swerenotmuchinfluencedby2001:ASpaceOdyssey.SkillfullydirectedbyStanleyKubrick,2001,whichappearedin1968,setnewstandardsforsciencefictionfilms.Duringthenextdecade,everyoneofthedozensofsciencefictionmoviesreleasedwascomparesto2001,andallbutafewwerefoundsadlytacking.

Admittedly,Kubrickhadoneofthelargestbudgetseverforafilmofthiskind,but,inmyopinion,muchofthemovie’spowerandappealwasachievedthroughrelativelyinexpensivemeans.Forexample,themusicalscorewhichwasadaptedinlargepartfromwell-knownclassicalcompositions,wasreinforcedbytheuseofalmostkaleidoscopicvisualeffects,especiallyduringthespacetravelsequences.Spectacularcameraworkwaseditedtocorrespondpreciselytotheebbandflowofthemusic.

After2001,thedominantthemeofsciencefictionfilmsshiftedfromtheadventuresofspacetraveltotheproblemscreatedonearthbyman’smismanagementofthenaturalenvironmentandtheabuseoftechnologybyatotalitarianstate.Overpopulationandtheaccompanyingshortagesoffoodpromptthestatetoimposeextraordinarycontrolsonitscitizens.Nofewerthantwenty-ninefilmsweremadearoundthisthemeintheyearsbetween1970and1977,includingSurvivorsandChronicles.

Intheopinionofthisreviewer,untilStarWarswasreleasedin1977,sciencefictionfilmwerereducedtoshallowsymbolismdisguisingtoagreaterorlesserdegreeaseriesofrepetitiveplots.ButStarWarswasdifferent.Itofferedusareturntoimaginativevoyagesinspaceandconfrontationwithintelligentlifeonotherplanets.Unliketheothersciencefictionfilmsofthedecade,StarWarspresentedtechnologyashavingsolvedratherthanaggravatedecologicalproblems.Thespecialeffectscreatedtosimulatespacevehicleshurtlingthroughtheblacknessoftheuniversewerereminiscentoftheartisticstandardssetby2001.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,mostofsciencefictionfilmsreleasedinthe1970swere（

）.

2.Thethemeofthemajorityofsciencefictionfilmsmadebetween1970and1977was

（

）.

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,whywas2001successful?

4.Whatdoestheauthormostobjecttointhesciencefictionmoviesofthe1970s?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.betterthan2001:ASpaceOdyssey

B.Notasgoodas2001:ASpaceOdyssey

C.almostthesameasStarWars

D.betterthanStarWars

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.spacetravel

B.lifeonotherplanets

C.ecologicalproblemsonearth

D.warsbetweentheearthandotherplanets

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitsbudgetwaslarge.

B.Becauseitscameraworkandmusicalscorewereblendedartistically.

C.Becauseitsplotwasrepetitive.

D.Becauseitssymbolismwasverygood.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Heobjectstotheircamerawork.

B.Hedoesnotliketheirmusic.

C.Hebelievesthattheirstoriesaretoomuchalike.

D.Hecriticizestheirspecialeffects.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在作者看來(lái)，大部分70年代上映的科幻電影……”。文章第一段第一句提到“不幸的是20世紀(jì)70年代大大部分科幻電影很少受《2001太空漫游》的影響”（Unfortunatelymostofthesciencefictionfilmsofthe1970swerenotmuchinfluencedby2001:ASpaceOdyssey）；第一段最后一句提到“在接下來(lái)的十年里，所有上映的科幻電影都被拿來(lái)與2001做比較，但是除了少數(shù)幾部電影外，其他的都不怎么樣”（Duringthenextdecade,everyoneofthedozensofsciencefictionmoviesreleasedwascomparesto2001,andallbutafewwerefoundsadlytacking），由此可知，其他的電影不如2001:ASpaceOdyssey，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“大部分1979年到1977年間的科幻電影主題是……”。文章第三段第一句提到“在《2001太空漫游》之后，科幻電影的主題從太空旅行轉(zhuǎn)移到因人類(lèi)對(duì)自然環(huán)境管理不善和極權(quán)主義國(guó)家對(duì)技術(shù)的濫用而導(dǎo)致的地球問(wèn)題上”（After2001,thedominantthemeofsciencefictionfilmsshiftedfromtheadventuresofspacetraveltotheproblemscreatedonearthbyman’smismanagementofthenaturalenvironmentandtheabuseoftechnologybyatotalitarianstate），所以選項(xiàng)C“地球生態(tài)問(wèn)題”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“為什么2001會(huì)成功，作者的觀點(diǎn)是什么”。文章第二段提到“引人入勝的攝影工作被編輯來(lái)響應(yīng)起伏的音樂(lè)”（Spectacularcameraworkwaseditedtocorrespondpreciselytotheebbandflowofthemusic），選項(xiàng)B“因?yàn)樗臄z影工作與音樂(lè)是藝術(shù)的融合”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“對(duì)于20世紀(jì)70年代的科幻電影，作者反對(duì)的是……”。文章第三段提到1970到1977年間29部電影圍繞著同一個(gè)主題；最后一段提到“在這位影評(píng)家看來(lái)，直到1977年《星球大戰(zhàn)》上映之前，科幻電影或多或少出現(xiàn)一系列重復(fù)情節(jié)”（Intheopinionofthisreviewer,untilStarWarswasreleasedin1977,sciencefictionfilmwerereducedtoshallowsymbolismdisguisingtoagreaterorlesserdegreeaseriesofrepetitiveplots），選項(xiàng)C“作者認(rèn)為它們的故事情節(jié)有太多相似之處”符合題意。

8.單選題

Thelawyerpromisedtogotogreattodefendhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lengths

B.measures

C.efforts

D.endeavors

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)lengthsn.長(zhǎng)度（指距離，時(shí)間）；B選項(xiàng)measuresn.方法，對(duì)策；C選項(xiàng)effortsn.努力；D選項(xiàng)endeavorn.努力，盡力。gotogreatlengths表示“竭盡全力；不遺余力”，因此，正確答案是A項(xiàng)。句意：律師向他保證會(huì)竭盡全力為他辯護(hù)。

9.單選題

Assoonastheboywasabletoearnhisownlivinghe（）hisparents'strictrules.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.defied

B.refuted

C.excluded

D.vetoed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。defy“藐視，不服從”；refute“反駁，駁斥”；exclude“排除，排斥”；veto“否決，禁止”。句意：這個(gè)男孩能夠自己謀生之后就不服從他父母的那些嚴(yán)厲的規(guī)則了。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Herheartwasfilledwithcompassionforthemotherlesschildren.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sympathy

B.regret

C.wistfulness

D.sorrow

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sympathy“同情，憐憫，同情心”；B選項(xiàng)regret“后悔，歉意”；C選項(xiàng)wistfulness“渴望，傷感，沉思”；D選項(xiàng)sorrow“悲傷，哀傷，痛苦”。句意：她對(duì)那些沒(méi)有母親的孩子充滿同情。Compassion“憐憫，同情，同情心”，A選項(xiàng)的意思與該單詞最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Althoughthefalsebanknotesfooledmanypeople,theydidnot（）toacloseexamination.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.keepup

B.putup

C.standup

D.lookup

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。keepup“保持，繼續(xù)”；putup“舉起，抬起”；standup“堅(jiān)持，經(jīng)得起”；lookup“查詢(xún)，拜訪”。句意：盡管假鈔欺騙了很多人，但是它們經(jīng)不住仔細(xì)檢查。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.單選題

Oneofthereasonsforhispopularityinourvillageisthathe（）almosteveryoneeverytimewhenhecomesbackfromthebigcity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asksafter

B.runsfor

C.bringsup

D.takesafter

【答案】A

【解析】askafter探問(wèn),問(wèn)候；runfor競(jìng)選；bringup提出；takeafter與…相像。句意：他在我們村里受歡迎的原因之一是,他幾乎每次從大城市回來(lái)都會(huì)問(wèn)候所有人。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

13.單選題

Wewatchthe（）oftheparachutesallthewayfromtheaircrafttotheground.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decline

B.spiral

C.descent

D.sink

【答案】C

【解析】decline衰落；spiral螺旋上升；descend下降；sink下沉，滲透。根據(jù)句意可知，降落傘是從飛機(jī)上降落到地上，所以選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

14.單選題

CharlesWeiss,programdirectorofscienceandinternationalaffairsatGeorgetownUniversityinWashingtonD.C.,wasthebank’sscienceadviserintheearly1980s.hebelievesthislatestattempttogetthebankthinkingaboutsciencehasmorechanceofsucceedingthanhisownefforts.This,hesays,ispartlybecausetheyhavethesupportofseniorexecutives,particularlyJamesWolfensohn,thebank’spresident,andpartlybecausethebankisnowbeentopromoteknowledge-baseddevelopment.

Unusuallyforalendinginstitution,theWorldBankpossessesworld-classexpertiseontheprojectsandtheregionswhereitlendsmoney.Ofits8000staff,3000haveaPhD-levelqualification,andmanyofthesearetop-rankedresearchersheadhuntedfromuniversities.Thequantityandqualityofthebank'sresearchisconsistentlyhigh.

Butthismoreanalyticalaspectofthebank’sworkhasalwaysbeenovershadowedbyitslendingarm-knownasoperations—whichhasgenerallyconsideredresearchtobeafunctionoflending,ratherthananactivityinitsownright.In1987,halfoftheresearchstaffweresenttoworkoperations.

Thistensionbetweentheresearchandlendingwingsremains,andisoneofseveralchallengesthatwillneedtobeovercomeifthenewstrategyistobearfruit.Inparticular,theneedforanewdepartmentforscienceisbeingquestionedbysomewhodonotwanttoseescienceconfinedtoaghettoandthinkitshouldbepartofthelendingportfolioofallofthebank'sdepartments.

Someoperationsstaffhaveyettobeconvincedofthemeritsofraisingthebank’sresearchprofileorfundingresearchindevelopingcountries.Theybelievethatmoreattentionshouldbepaidtoconventionalinfrastructureneedsinpoorercountrieswhich,becauseoflowcreditratings,willhavelittleaccesstoprivatecapital.

Thereactionfromdevelopingcountrieswillbeanimportanttestofthenewstrategy.TherichercountriesofSoutheastAsia,LatinAmerica,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEastarelikelytobemorereceptivethanpoorercountries,particularlyinsub-SaharanAfrica,wherethebankisnotpopular,andwherealmost50percentofbank-assistedprojectshavefailedduringthisdecade.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtoParagraph1?

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat().

3.Oneofthechallengesforraisingthehank’sresearchprofileliesin().

4.Theword“infrastructure”(Paragraph5)mostprobablyrefersto().

5.Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheWorldBankusedtoattachimportancetoresearchintheearly1980s.

B.Thebank’sseniorexecutivesareinfavorofCharlesWeiss’spromotion.

C.Thebankisnowkeentoestablishanewdepartmentforscience.

D.JamesWolfensohnisthinkingaboututilizingthebank’sresearchresources.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.top-rankedresearcherswereeagertoworkinoperations

B.thelendingwingisreluctanttoconsiderresearchasanindependentactivity

C.thenewstrategyhashadasuccessfulresultinsomedevelopedcountries

D.sciencehaslongbeenovershadowedbecausethebank’sresearchworkwasnotefficient

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.lackofinvestmentinscience

B.thereactionfromseniorexecutives

C.thelendingwing’snegativeattitude

D.lowcreditratings

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebasicfacilities,services,andinstallations

B.theinterrelationorarrangementofpartsinacomplexentity

C.anunderlyingbaseorfoundation

D.somethingconstructed

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ResearchPortfoliooftheWorldBank

B.ANewStrategyoftheWorldBank

C.TensionbetweenTwoWings

D.LendingOperationsinDevelopingCountries

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第二句“hebelievesthislatestattempttogetthebankthinkingaboutsciencehasmorechanceofsucceedingthanhisownefforts.”他相信,這一使銀行思考科學(xué)的最新嘗試比他自己的努力更有可能成功。說(shuō)明銀行想要建立一個(gè)新的科學(xué)部門(mén)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。選項(xiàng)B高管不是支持Charles的晉升,而是支持他的研究,所以表述錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)A和D在第一段沒(méi)有提及。

2.選項(xiàng)A文中只提到“In1987,halfoftheresearchstaffweresenttoworkoperations.”一半的研究人員被派往業(yè)務(wù)部門(mén)工作,并沒(méi)有提到是他們想去的,所以表述錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,發(fā)展中國(guó)家的反應(yīng)將是對(duì)新戰(zhàn)略的重要考驗(yàn)。因?yàn)樵谙鄬?duì)貧窮的國(guó)家,近50%的世行援助項(xiàng)目在這十年中都失敗了。所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Butthis...byitslendingarm-knownasoperations”不是因?yàn)檠芯抗ぷ鞯男什桓?而是因?yàn)闃I(yè)務(wù)部門(mén)認(rèn)為研究是貸款的一種功能,而不是一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的活動(dòng)。所以選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤,選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“becauseoflowcreditratings,willhavelittleaccesstoprivatecapital.”因?yàn)檫@些國(guó)家的信用評(píng)級(jí)較低,很難獲得私人資本。選項(xiàng)D正確。。

4.infrastructure指基礎(chǔ)的設(shè)施設(shè)備和服務(wù),選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.文章主要講的是世界銀行的新戰(zhàn)略以及戰(zhàn)略目前面臨的困境,選項(xiàng)B符合原文。選項(xiàng)C描述太廣泛,不是很恰當(dāng)。選項(xiàng)A和D都是小片段,所以也不正確。

15.翻譯題

藝術(shù)的最高境界是無(wú)技巧。我?guī)资昵巴晃慌笥艳q論時(shí)就說(shuō)過(guò)：長(zhǎng)得好看的人用不著濃妝艷抹，而我的文章就像一個(gè)丑八怪，不打扮，看起來(lái)倒還順眼些。他說(shuō)：“流傳久遠(yuǎn)的作品是靠文學(xué)技巧流傳，誰(shuí)會(huì)關(guān)心百十年前的生活？”我不同意，我認(rèn)為打動(dòng)人心的還是作品中所反映的生活和主人公的命運(yùn)。這仍然是在反對(duì)那些無(wú)中生有、混淆黑白的花言巧語(yǔ)。我最恨那些盜名欺世、欺騙讀者的謊言。

【答案】Thehigheststatetowhichartcanattainisartlessness.Whenarguingwiththispointswithafriendseveraldecadesago,Isaid,“Physicallyattractivepeopledon’tneedheavymake-up.Thoughmywritingresemblesanuglymonster,itactuallylooksalittlebetterwithoutanyembellishment.”Hereplied,“Literaryworkshavestoodthetestoftimebecauseoftheskillwithwhichtheywerewritten.Whotodaycaresaboutthedetailsofwhatlifewaslikeahundredyearsago?”IdisagreeandIbelievereadersaremovedbythelifereflectedinastoryandthefateofthechiefcharacters.ThismeanIopposefabrication,deceptionandflowerylanguage.WhatIhatemostarethoseglory-seekingwriterswhodeceivethepublicwiththeirlies.

16.翻譯題

我的導(dǎo)師是亞裔美國(guó)人，嗜煙好酒，脾氣暴躁。但他十分欣賞亞裔學(xué)生勤奮與扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，也特別了解亞裔學(xué)生的心理。因此，在他實(shí)驗(yàn)室所招的學(xué)生中，除有一名來(lái)自德國(guó)外，其余5位均是亞裔學(xué)生。他干脆在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的門(mén)上貼一醒目招牌：“本室助研必須每周工作7天，早10時(shí)至晚12時(shí)，工作時(shí)間內(nèi)必須全力以赴?！边@位導(dǎo)師的嚴(yán)格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所待的3年半中，共有14位學(xué)生被招進(jìn)他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，最后博士畢業(yè)的只有5人。

【答案】MysupervisorisofAsianorigin.Heisaddictedtoalcoholsandcigarettes,withairritabletemper.Nevertheless,hehighlyappreciatestheindustryandthesolidfoundationalknowledgeofAsianstudentsandhasaparticularlykeeninsightintowhatAsianstudentshaveontheirmind.Hence,ofallthestudentsrecruitedintohislaboratory,exceptforoneGerman,theotherfivewereallfromAsia.Heevenputaneye-catchingnoticeonthedoorofhislab,whichread,“Alltheresearchassistantsofthislaboratoryarerequiredtowork7daysaweek,from10:00a.m.to12:00p.m..Nothingbutworkduringtheworkinghours.”Thissupervisorisreputedontheentirecampusforhisseverityandharshness.Duringthe3andahalfyearsthatIstayedthere,atotalof14studentswererecruitedintohislaboratoryandonly5ofthemstayeduntiltheygraduatedwiththeirPh.D.degrees.

17.單選題

TheSpaceAge（）inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】句意:太空時(shí)代始于1957年10月，當(dāng)時(shí)蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射了第一顆人造衛(wèi)星。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。initiate開(kāi)始；創(chuàng)始：發(fā)起（及物動(dòng)詞，其后不需跟介詞）；originate起源；發(fā)生；embark著手；從事；上船或飛機(jī)；commence開(kāi)始（可充當(dāng)不及物動(dòng)詞，后跟介詞in）；著手?？崭窈笥薪樵~in，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph'sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart.excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers'disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography'sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonorPoppaintingduringthe1960's.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity——inshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,the19lbcenturydefendersofphotographystressedthatphotographywas（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,someseriouscontemporaryphotographersmaketheclaimthattheirphotographs

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.atechnologicallyadvancedactivity

B.adeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially

C.anartcomparabletopainting

D.anartthatwouldeventuallyreplacethetraditionalarts

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areexamplesofthephotographers’impartialobservationoftheworld

B.canbecreatedbyalmostanyonewhocoulddevotetotheactivity

C.areimportantbecauseofthesubjectbutnottheresponsesoftheviewers

D.exhibitthesameprinciplesusedinpainting

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.contemporaryartacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutbynomeansasart

C.mechanicalcopyingofreality

D.modernartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingaimsofart

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目提問(wèn)‘在這篇文章中，作者主要關(guān)心的是……？’根據(jù)第一段中“Throughoutthenineteenthcentury，thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.整個(gè)19世紀(jì)，攝影的辯護(hù)都是力爭(zhēng)將攝影確定為藝術(shù)”和第二段中“Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.具有諷刺意味的是，雖然已經(jīng)確鑿無(wú)疑被認(rèn)為是一種藝術(shù)，但許多攝影家認(rèn)為把攝影稱(chēng)之為美的藝術(shù)是矯揉造作或名不副實(shí)的?！币约叭脑谥v“在不同的歷史背景下，當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)攝影是藝術(shù)的態(tài)度”確定C選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)明當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)攝影作為藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，并把這些態(tài)度放在他們的歷史的背景中”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘據(jù)作者說(shuō)，19世紀(jì)攝影的捍衛(wèi)者強(qiáng)調(diào)攝影是……？’根據(jù)第一段中“Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.為了反駁攝影是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的沒(méi)有靈魂的機(jī)械復(fù)制的指責(zé)，攝影家斷言：恰恰相反，攝影是觀看事物的一種特有形式，是對(duì)普通視覺(jué)的一種背離，是一種與繪畫(huà)有同樣價(jià)值的藝術(shù)。”確定C選項(xiàng)“一種堪比繪畫(huà)的藝術(shù)”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘根據(jù)這篇文章，一些嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師聲稱(chēng)他們的照片……？’根據(jù)第二段中“Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.嚴(yán)肅的攝影師們聲稱(chēng)自己在尋找、記錄、公正地觀察、見(jiàn)證事件、探索自己——但絕不是在創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“是攝影師公正地觀察世界的例子”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘從文章中可以推斷，作者最可能認(rèn)為嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影是一個(gè)……？’根據(jù)第二段中“ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.它表明了他們對(duì)現(xiàn)代主義勝利強(qiáng)加給他們的藝術(shù)概念是多么地想當(dāng)然：藝術(shù)越好，它對(duì)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的顛覆性就越大。”確定D選項(xiàng)“一種現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)，顯示了試圖顛覆藝術(shù)盛行的現(xiàn)代主義趨勢(shì)”正確。

19.單選題

I'msorrytohave（）youwithsomanyquestionsonsuchanoccasion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.interfered

B.impressed

C.offended

D.bothered

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這種情況下，我還問(wèn)了這么多問(wèn)題，給你添麻煩了，真是抱歉。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式。interfere干預(yù)；打擾；impress給……以深刻印象；offend冒犯；得罪；bother煩擾；打擾。因此D符合句意。

20.單選題

Thereweretwosmallroomsinthebeachhouse,（）servedasakitchen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesmallerofwhich

B.thesmallestofwhich

C.thesmallofthem

D.thesmallestofthat

【答案】A

【解析】考查比較級(jí)的使用。最高級(jí)表示三者或者三者以上事物的比較，兩者中的比較應(yīng)選用比較級(jí)，故可排除BD使用了最高級(jí)的選項(xiàng)。同理可排除C選項(xiàng)，使用原級(jí)不構(gòu)成比較。句意：海濱別墅里有兩間小房間，較小的那間用作廚房。故選A。

21.單選題

OnNewYear’sEve,NewYorkCityholdsanoutdoor（

）whichattractsacrowdofamillionormorepeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incident

B.event

C.case

D.affair

【答案】B

【解析】同義詞辨析題。四個(gè)詞都有事件的意思，incident指的是突發(fā)的，概率較小的事件；event指大型的活動(dòng)或事件；case一般指案件；affair一般指私事。

句意：在新年前夕，紐約市舉行了一場(chǎng)戶(hù)外活動(dòng)，吸引了100多萬(wàn)人參加。根據(jù)參加的人數(shù)可推測(cè)活動(dòng)規(guī)模之大，所以選項(xiàng)B更恰當(dāng)。

22.單選題

Theinnocentchildobjectedto（

）likethis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.treating

B.betreated

C.havebeentreated

D.beingtreated

【答案】D

【解析】考察固定搭配。objectto后面要接doing，因此to在這里是介詞。根據(jù)前后文可知這些無(wú)辜的孩子是“被對(duì)待”，所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，