書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東理工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

What’stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate?China?India!Brazil?Howabouttrade?

WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.

Butthere’sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession—areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates—butaneconomicexpansion.

Therisingvolumeoftrade—moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates—isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,delivery,andlogisticshaveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssignifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets—whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintradesensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice—agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.

Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM’sbalancesheetandhencemakestheJobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.

OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That’stobeexpected,givenwhatwe’vebeenthrough.Butthere’sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndiaorBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodothatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit’snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.

Companiesandindividualswhodon’thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkers,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion’sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.

1.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?

3.Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?

4.WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?

5.Whatistheauthor’sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ItreflectsAmerican’spreferenceforimportedgoods.

B.ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.

C.ItistheresultofAmerican’sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.

D.Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased

B.ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.

C.Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.

D.Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.

B.Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.

C.Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.

D.Retailerdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Competitionfromoverseas.

B.People’sreluctancetospend

C.Slacktradeactivities

D.Decreasingproductivity

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.

B.Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.

C.Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.

D.Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句，“Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.”，可知悲觀主義者認(rèn)為，如果這種失衡繼續(xù)下去，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)放緩?？膳袛喑霰^主義者認(rèn)為美國(guó)6月份的貿(mào)易逆差導(dǎo)致國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)放緩。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句，“Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession—areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates—butaneconomicexpansion.”，可知過(guò)去兩年，進(jìn)出口數(shù)據(jù)似乎沒有顯示出二次衰退的跡象，即美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)水平的再次下降，而數(shù)據(jù)顯示是經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張?？膳袛喑鰧?duì)于兩年的貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)，表明美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)有所增加。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintradesensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice—agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.”，可知對(duì)那些從事貿(mào)易行業(yè)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，貿(mào)易上漲也是一個(gè)好消息，尤其是那些生產(chǎn)大宗商品，這些商品的價(jià)格由全球的需求多決定，如農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、礦業(yè)、金屬和石油?？膳袛喑?，貿(mào)易上漲最受益的是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和原材料生產(chǎn)者。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一二句，“OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.”，可知美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨的一個(gè)巨大挑戰(zhàn)是國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)需求疲軟。美國(guó)人正在償還債務(wù)，增加儲(chǔ)蓄，從而更加謹(jǐn)慎地消費(fèi)?？膳袛喑雒绹?guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨的最大的挑戰(zhàn)是人們不愿意消費(fèi)。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Companiesandindividualswhodon’thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkers,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion’sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.”，可知作者提出那些沒有增加、沒有更多參與國(guó)外市場(chǎng)、沒有在全球貿(mào)易中發(fā)揮作用的公司和個(gè)人，正在把自己推離于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)的最大份額之外?？膳袛喑鲎髡呤墙ㄗh公司和個(gè)人更多參與國(guó)外市場(chǎng)和國(guó)際貿(mào)易，以此來(lái)增加海外的市場(chǎng)份額。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（

）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。Configuration“布置，結(jié)構(gòu)”；constitution“建立，組成，憲法”;condemnation“譴責(zé)”;contamination“污染，玷污;污染物”。句意：最近在《科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇文章認(rèn)為，巖層大部分有有機(jī)化學(xué)物質(zhì)來(lái)自于地球上的污染而不是火星上的細(xì)菌。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Someanthropologistsclaimthatafewapeshavebeentaughtarudimentarysignlanguages,butskepticsarguethattheapesareonly______theirtrainers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imitating

B.condoning

C.instructing

D.acknowledging

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。imitate“模仿，效仿”；condone“寬恕”；instruct“指導(dǎo)，命令”；acknowledge“承認(rèn)，答謝”。句意：一些人類學(xué)家聲稱，一些類人猿已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了基本的手語(yǔ)，但是疑論者認(rèn)為這些類人猿只是模仿他們的訓(xùn)練員。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Anexplosionisreallyasuddenincreaseinvolume______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.causedbyrapidburning

B.andcausebyrapidburning

C.causingitsburningtoberapid

D.rapidburningcausesit

【答案】A

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法和句意。A項(xiàng)用cause的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)連接原因，作為后置定語(yǔ)修飾volume符合題意；根據(jù)題干與選項(xiàng)我們可以知道爆炸中的巨大聲響是由快速燃燒引起的，所以不能選擇C項(xiàng)；B項(xiàng)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，cause應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞，故排除；D項(xiàng)是一個(gè)完整的表示原因的從句，但是缺少連接詞，所以不對(duì)。句意：爆炸實(shí)際上是由快速燃燒引起的體積的突然增加。因此，該題正確答案為A。

5.單選題

Ifyouweretobeginanewjobtomorrow,youwouldbringwithyousomebasicstrengthsandweaknesses.Successor（1）inyourworkwoulddepend,to

（2）

greatextent,

（3）

yourabilitytouseyourstrengthsandweaknessestothebestadvantage.（4）theutmostimportanceisyourattitude.Apersonwhobeginsajob

（5）

thatheisn’tgoingtolikeitoris

（6）

thatheisgoingtoallisexhibitingaweaknesswhichcanonlyhinderhissuccess.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhoissecureinhis

（7）

thatheisprobablyascapable

（8）doingtheworkasanyoneelseandwhoiswillingtomakeacheerfulattemptasit

（9）

acertainstrengthofpurpose.Thechancesarethathewilldowell.Havingthe

（10）

skillsforaparticularjobisstrength.

（11）

thoseskillsisobviouslyaweakness.Abookkeeperwhocan’t

（12）

racarpenterwhocan'tcutastraightlinewithasawishopelesscases.Thisbookhasbeendesignedtohelpyoucapitalize

（13）

thestrengthandovercomethe

（14）

thatyoubringtothejoboflearning.Butforyour

（15）

,youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow.

（16）

wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe

（17）

insomedetailwithspecificprocessesfordevelopingandstrengthening

（18）

kills.However,tobeginwith,youshouldpauseto

（19）

yourpresentstrengthsandweaknessesinthreeareasthatarecriticaltoyoursuccessorfailureinschool:your

（20）,yourreadingandcommunicationskills,andyourstudyhabits.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.improvement

B.victory

C.failure

D.achievement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.a

B.the

C.som

D.certain

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.of

D.to

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.In

B.Of

C.From

D.Out

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.convinced

B.imagined

C.understood

D.dreamed

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.sure

C.uncertain

D.surely

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.understanding

B.subject

C.idea

D.belief

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.at

C.of

D.for

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.risks

B.makes

C.reduces

D.possesses

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.prerequisite

B.educational

C.manual

D.basic

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.Having

B.Holding

C.Lacking

D.Loosing

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.read

B.think

C.write

D.add

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.except

B.but

C.for

D.on

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.difficulty

B.weakness

C.strength

D.advantage

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.fortune

B.development

C.luck

D.loan

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.Since

C.Over

D.Out

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.calculating

B.moving

C.drilling

D.dealing

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.typing

B.working

C.learning

D.emailing

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.examine

B.throw

C.calculate

D.value

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.intelligence

B.work

C.attitude

D.weakness

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:D

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】（1）考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處的Successor46與后面的yourstrengthsandweaknesses（優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)）相對(duì)應(yīng)，success（成功）對(duì)應(yīng)的詞是failure（失?。?，因此選C。

（2）考查固定搭配。toagreatextent為固定搭配，意為“很大程度上，非?！?。

（3）考查固定搭配。此處可將“toagreatextent”看作一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，dependon為固定搭配，意為“依賴，依靠”。

（4）考查介詞辨析。of與名詞連用，表示具有某種性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，位于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋篩ourattitudeisoftheutmostimportance.（beof+名詞）

（5）考查動(dòng)詞辨析。convince意為“使確信，使相信”；imagine意為“想象，設(shè)想”；understand意為“理解”；dream意為“夢(mèng)想”。此處表示“如果一個(gè)人剛開始工作的人就確信自己不會(huì)喜歡……”。

（6）考查固定搭配。or后面省略了主語(yǔ)he，besurethat后面加從句，此處表示“或肯定不適應(yīng)這項(xiàng)工作”。

（7）考查固定搭配。inone’sbelief為固定搭配，意為“相信”。

（8）考查固定搭配。capableofdoing為固定搭配，意為“有能力做某事，能夠做某事”。

（9）考查動(dòng)詞辨析。risk意為“危險(xiǎn)，冒險(xiǎn)”；make意為“做”；reduce意為“減少”；possess意為“擁有，具有”。

（10）考查形容詞辨析。prerequisite意為“先決條件，前提”；educational意為“教育的”；意為“手工的，體力的”；basic意為“基本的”。此處表示“擁有某項(xiàng)工作的必要技能是一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)”。

（11）考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前句的“擁有某項(xiàng)工作的必要技能是一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)”可知此處表示“____這些技能顯然是一個(gè)弱勢(shì)”，having（擁有）與lacking（缺少）相對(duì)應(yīng)，因此選C。

（12）考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處列舉一些職業(yè)需要相對(duì)應(yīng)的技能，因此主語(yǔ)bookkeeper（記賬人，簿記員）需要會(huì)運(yùn)算相關(guān)方面的能力，因此選D，add意為“加法”。

（13）考查固定搭配。capitalizeon意為“充分利用某事物”。

（14）考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面的“利用優(yōu)勢(shì)”可知此處表示“克服缺點(diǎn)”，因此選B。

（15）考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面的“你必須首先評(píng)估一下你現(xiàn)在的處境”可知此處表示“但為了你的發(fā)展”更符合語(yǔ)意，因此選B，development意為“發(fā)展，進(jìn)步”。

（16）考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知“61wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe...”為兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，需要有連詞連接，over與out不是連詞，since作連詞，意為“從……以后，由于，既然”，as作連詞，意為“隨著，由于”，此處表示“隨著更深入的閱讀”，因此選A。

（17）考查動(dòng)詞辨析。calculate意為“計(jì)算”；move意為“移動(dòng)，搬動(dòng)”；drill意為“訓(xùn)練，演習(xí)”；deal意為“處理，涉及，論述”。此處表示“我們將更詳細(xì)論述發(fā)展和加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)技能的具體過(guò)程”，因此選D。

（18）考查動(dòng)詞關(guān)系。此處表示“學(xué)習(xí)技能”，因此選C。

（19）考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)前面的youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow（你必須首先評(píng)估一下你現(xiàn)在的處境）可知此處表示“檢測(cè)你現(xiàn)在的優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)”，因此選A，examine意為“檢查，調(diào)查”。

（20）考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)前面的“49theutmostimportanceisyourattitude”可知此處選C，與文章前面的內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)。

6.單選題

Idaresayheisnotyourtruefriend,becauseatruefriend______differentlywhenyouwereintrouble.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acted

B.hadacted

C.wouldact

D.wouldhaveacted

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。句子中when引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were可判斷這是一個(gè)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，那么空格處應(yīng)該用過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)，故D項(xiàng)符合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：我敢說(shuō)他不是你真正的朋友，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)真正的朋友會(huì)在你遇到困難時(shí)采取不同的行動(dòng)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Inanageofperpetualdigitalconnectedness,whydopeopleseemsodisconnected?InaDukeUniversitystudy,researchersfoundthatfrom1985to2004,thepercentageofpeoplewhosaidtherewasnoonewithwhomtheydiscussedimportantmatterstripled,to25%;thesamestudyfoundthatoverall,Americanshadone-thirdfewerfriendsandconfidantsthantheydiddecadesago.

Anotherrecentstudy,byresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,foundthatcollegestudentstodayhavesignificantlylessempathythanstudentsofgenerationspastdid.Thereason,psychologistsspeculate,mayhavesomethingtodowithourincreasingrelianceondigitalcommunicationandotherformsofnewmedia.

It’spossiblethatinsteadoffosteringrealfriendshipsoff-line,e-mailandsocialnetworkingmaytaketheplaceofthem—andthedistanceinherentinscreen-onlyinteractionsmaybreedfeelingsofisolationoratendencytocarelessaboutotherpeople.Afterall,ifyoudon’tfeellikedealingwithafriend’sproblemonline,allyouhavetodoistologoff.

Theproblemis,asempathywanes,sodoestrust.Andwithouttrust,youcan’thaveacohesivesociety.Considerthefindingsofanewstudyco-authoredbyKevinRockmannofGeorgeMasonUniversityandGregoryNorthcraftattheUniversityofIllinoiswhospecializesinworkplacecollaboration.Northcraftsayshigh-techcommunicationslikee-mailand(toalesserextent)videoconferencing—whicharesometimesknownas“l(fā)eancommunication”becausetheyhavefewercueslikeeyecontactandpostureforpeopletorelyon—stripawaythepersonalinteractionneededtobreedtrust.Inabusinesssetting—asinallothersocialrelationshipsoutsidetheworkplace—trustisanecessaryconditionforeffectivecooperationwithinagroup.“Technologyhasmadeusmuchmoreefficientbutmuchlesseffective,”saidNorthcraftinastatement.“Somethingisbeinggained,butsomethingisbeinglost.Thesomethinggainedistime,andthesomethinglostisthequalityofrelationships.Andqualityofrelationshipsmatters.”

InRockmannandNorthcraft’sstudy,200studentsweredividedintoteamsandaskedtomanagetwocomplicatedprojects:onehavingtodowithnucleardisarmament;theother,pricefixing.Somegroupscommunicatedviae-mail,someviavideo-conferenceandothersfacetoface.Intheend,thosewhometinpersonshowedthemosttrustandmosteffectivecooperation;thoseusinge-mailweretheleastabletoworktogetherandgetthejobdone.

Northcraftthinksthisisbecausereal-lifemeetings,duringwhichparticipantscanseehowengagedtheircolleaguesare,breedmoretrust.Overe-mail,meanwhile,confirmationofhardworkgetslost,whichtendstoencouragemutualslackingoff.

17.ThestudyofinterpersonalrelationshipsbyDukeUniversityrevealsthat（）.

18.Thereasonwhypeoplefeelisolatedandbecomelessempatheticisthat（）.

19.Accordingtothepassage,the“l(fā)eancommunication”（）.

20.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplebecomeshyerandtimiderthanbefore

B.peopletendtobelesscompassionatethanbefore

C.peoplemayfeelmoreisolatedthanbefore

D.peopleprefercommunicatingwithothersonline

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisverychallengingtofosterafriendshipinreallife

B.theyhavemoreopportunitiestogettoknownewpeople

C.digitalcommunicationisreplacingreal-lifefriendships

D.itiseasytoescapefromhelpingtheirfriendsiftheylike

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.makesusworkmoreeffectively

B.lacksnon-verbalinteraction

C.helpspeopletodeveloptrust

D.facilitatesworkplacecooperation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Digitalcommunicationishurtingpersonalrelationship.

B.Onlinenetworkingmaytaketheplaceofofflinerelationship.

C.Newmediacontributelesstofosteringrealfriendship.

D.Real-lifemeetingscanbreedtrustamongstudents.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】17.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句InaDukeUniversitystudy,researchersfoundthatfrom1985to2004,thepercentageofpeoplewhosaidtherewasnoonewithwhomtheydiscussedimportantmatterstripled,to25%;thesamestudyfoundthatoverall,Americanshadone-thirdfewerfriendsandconfidantsthantheydiddecadesago.（在杜克大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，從1985年到2004年，說(shuō)找不到可以一起討論重要事情的人的比例增加了兩倍，達(dá)到25%；同樣的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，總體而言，美國(guó)人的朋友和知己比幾十年前少了三分之一。），說(shuō)明杜克大學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)和以前相比，人們的朋友更少，更孤立。因此C選項(xiàng)“人們可能會(huì)感到比以前更加孤立”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人們會(huì)變得比以前更害羞、更膽小”，B選項(xiàng)“人們的同情心往往不如以前了”，D選項(xiàng)“人們更喜歡在網(wǎng)上與人交流”均不屬于杜克大學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

18.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段Anotherrecentstudy,byresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,foundthatcollegestudentstodayhavesignificantlylessempathythanstudentsofgenerationspastdid.Thereason,psychologistsspeculate,mayhavesomethingtodowithourincreasingrelianceondigitalcommunicationandotherformsofnewmedia.（密歇根大學(xué)的研究人員最近進(jìn)行的另一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與上一代人相比，如今的大學(xué)生明顯缺乏同情心。心理學(xué)家推測(cè)，原因可能與我們?cè)絹?lái)越依賴數(shù)字交流和其他形式的新媒體有關(guān)。），說(shuō)明人們變得缺乏同情心的原因是越來(lái)越依賴線上交流。因此C選項(xiàng)“數(shù)字交流正在取代現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的朋友關(guān)系”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中培養(yǎng)友誼是非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”，B選項(xiàng)“他們有更多的機(jī)會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)新朋友”，D選項(xiàng)“如果他們想的話，可以輕松逃避幫助朋友”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

19.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)eancommunication”可以定位到文章第四段第四句Northcraftsayshigh-techcommunicationslikee-mailand(toalesserextent)videoconferencing—whicharesometimesknownas“l(fā)eancommunication”becausetheyhavefewercueslikeeyecontactandpostureforpeopletorelyon—stripawaythepersonalinteractionneededtobreedtrust.（諾斯克拉夫特說(shuō)，像電子郵件和視頻會(huì)議這樣的高科技溝通方式，有時(shí)被認(rèn)為是“低效溝通”，因?yàn)樗鼈兒苌儆醒凵窠涣骱腿藗兛梢砸蕾嚨淖藙?shì)等線索，它們剝奪了培養(yǎng)信任所需的人際互動(dòng)。），說(shuō)明“低效溝通”意味著缺乏眼神交流和肢體語(yǔ)言，即缺乏人與人之間的交流與互動(dòng)。因此B選項(xiàng)“缺乏非語(yǔ)言互動(dòng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“使我們的工作更有效率”，由原文可知，作者并不認(rèn)為科技能使我們工作更加有效，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“有助于人們建立信任”，原文說(shuō)到stripawaythepersonalinteractionneededtobreedtrust（剝奪了人們培養(yǎng)信任所必需的人與人之間的互動(dòng)），說(shuō)明“低效溝通”并不能加強(qiáng)信任，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)職場(chǎng)合作”，由原文可知，科技讓人失去了人際關(guān)系的品質(zhì)，通過(guò)電子郵件等高科技通訊手段交流的小組在合作以及完成任務(wù)方面表現(xiàn)得是最差的，說(shuō)明“低效溝通”不能促進(jìn)職場(chǎng)合作，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

20.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章首先介紹了研究表明線上交流會(huì)讓人感覺更孤單、缺乏同情心，接著又介紹了線上交流不利于職場(chǎng)合作，并舉出具體的例子來(lái)證明這一點(diǎn)。由此可知本文的主題是線上交流會(huì)危害人際關(guān)系。因此A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)字交流正在傷害人際關(guān)系”正確。B選項(xiàng)“線上網(wǎng)絡(luò)可能會(huì)取代線下關(guān)系的地位”，C選項(xiàng)“新媒體對(duì)培養(yǎng)真正的友情貢獻(xiàn)較小”，D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的見面可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生之間的信任”均不能完整地概括本文的主旨，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

8.單選題

Manyecologistsbelievethatraisingrareanimalspeciesinprotectedenvironmentwill（

）

thedeclineofendangeredwildlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.curb

B.foster

C.inhibit

D.shortens

【答案】A

【解析】curb控制；foster培養(yǎng)；inhibit抑制,禁止；shorten縮短,減少。句意：許多生態(tài)學(xué)家認(rèn)為,在環(huán)境保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)飼養(yǎng)珍稀動(dòng)物將遏制瀕危野生動(dòng)物的減少。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

9.單選題

Heopenedhislipsasif（）something.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.saying

B.havingsaid

C.tohavesaid

D.tosay

【答案】D

【解析】考查asif的用法。asif引導(dǎo)從句，結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞”，并且主語(yǔ)跟系動(dòng)詞都可以省略。本句完整的句子應(yīng)該是：heopenedhislipsasifhewasgoingtosaysomething.其中asif引導(dǎo)的從句的主語(yǔ)跟系動(dòng)詞可以省略，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Hehasbeenlefttosquirminamireofnewallegations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.quagmire

B.moraine

C.plumed

D.fragmire

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quagmire“沼澤，泥濘地；困境，尷尬的處境”；B選項(xiàng)moraine“冰磧石”；C選項(xiàng)plumed“（adj）有羽毛的；羽毛狀的；用羽毛裝飾的”；D選項(xiàng)fragmire無(wú)實(shí)際意義。句意：他陷入了新的指控的泥沼中。mire“泥潭；泥沼”，與該詞意思最相近的是A選項(xiàng)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher:thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspumps.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthesteinsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.

Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.

1.Howmanytheoriesdoestheauthormention?

2.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

3.Howbotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

5.Whatcausesthetensionthatdrawswaterupaplant?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.OneC.Three

B.C.ThreeB.

C.ThreeB.Two

D.Four

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whatistheeffectofatmosphericpressureonfoliage?

B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?

C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?

D.Whyisrootpressureweak?

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure.

B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.

C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.

D.Waterinaplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees.

B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps.

C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees.

D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Humidity

B.Plantgrowth

C.Rootpressure

D.Evaporation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.（根據(jù)目前公認(rèn)的內(nèi)聚力張力理論，水是被拉到那里的。）”，全文就只提及這一種理論，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?（如果水不是被抽到高樹的樹頂，也不是被推到樹頂，那么我們會(huì)問：它是怎么到樹頂?shù)?）”，由此可知全文是圍繞水是怎么被送到樹頂描寫的。A選項(xiàng)“大氣壓力對(duì)樹葉有什么影響？”；B選項(xiàng)“死細(xì)胞什么時(shí)候會(huì)損害植物生長(zhǎng)？”；C選項(xiàng)“水是如何到達(dá)樹頂?shù)模俊?；D選項(xiàng)“為什么根壓弱？”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.（但是根系的壓力還不足以把水推到高大的樹頂。此外，針葉樹是最高的樹木之一，它們的根系壓力非常低。）”，由此可知來(lái)自樹根的壓力不足以使水分運(yùn)輸?shù)綐漤敚@其中肯定還有其他運(yùn)輸渠道存在。A選項(xiàng)“一些很高的樹的根壓很弱”；B選項(xiàng)“根系壓力在冬季下降”；C選項(xiàng)“植物的根死后還能存活”；D選項(xiàng)“植物根中的水與莖中的水是不相連的”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的第一句話“Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.（大氣壓可以支撐一個(gè)高達(dá)10米的水柱。）”，由此可知該篇文章支持大氣壓把水吸引到高高的樹頂。A選項(xiàng)“水被推到樹頂”；B選項(xiàng)“植物學(xué)家已經(jīng)證明活細(xì)胞起到泵的作用”；C選項(xiàng)“大氣壓力把水吸引到高高的樹頂”；D選項(xiàng)“植物學(xué)家已經(jīng)改變了他們關(guān)于水在植物中移動(dòng)的理論”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.（植物中上升的水柱的拉力是植物頂部水分蒸發(fā)的結(jié)果。）”，由此可知是水分的蒸發(fā)使然。A選項(xiàng)“濕度”；B選項(xiàng)“植物的生長(zhǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)“根壓”；D選項(xiàng)“蒸發(fā)”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Economicsinvolvesthestudyoftopicslikewealthandpoverty,moneyandbanks,incomes,taxes,prosperityanddepression,bigbusinessandlaborunions,andhundredsofothermattersthatintimatelyaffectthewaywelive.Economicforcessurroundourdailylives,influencinghoweasyorhowharditistogetajob,howmuchwecanearninourchosenoccupations,andhowmuchourpaycheckswillbuyafterwereceivethem.

Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisionsabouthowmuchtospendandforwhatpurposes,andhowmuchtoraiseintaxesandwhoshouldbetaxedaswellasintheirevaluationsoftheconsequencesofwar,peace,anddisarmament.Urbanslums,jobdiscrimination,unequaleducationalopportunities,andcivilrightshaveimportantconsequencesforallofusforboththosewhoarediscriminatedagainstandthosewhoarenot.Atastillmoregloballeveleconomicfactorsareinvolvedinbirth,health,death,populationgrowth,andthedynamicsofhistory.

Infact,probablywithoutexception,eachtopicineconomicsnotonlytouchessomewhereonyourownpersonallifebutisalsoimportanttosomecurrenteconomicproblemsofgovernmentonsocialpolicyandis,atthesametime,involvedinthelong-rangeconcernsofhumanhistory.

Thecommonthreadthatrunsthroughallofthesetopics,bindingthemtogetherintoacoherentbodyofstudy,isthatonewayoranothereachdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.Practicallynothingthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.Aloafofbreadistheendresultoflongseriesofoperationsthatbeginswithplantingandharvestinggrainandproceedsthroughmilling,baking,andshippingtothepointatwhichthehousewifecanpicktheloafoffthegrocer’sshelf.Thedriverfillinghistankataservicesstationistakingthefinalstepinalongchainofactivities:drillingoilwells,movingpetroleuminshipsandpipelines,chemicaltreatment,refiningandstorage.Thesameisgenerallytrueofallgoods.

Theprocessofbridgingthegapbetweentheoriginalresourcesofnatureandneedsofthefinalconsumerisproduction.Productionincludesanyactivitythatmakesgoodsandservicesavailabletopeople.Itisnotrestrictedtoworkontangiblephysicalcommodities,butencompassesservicesaswell.Doctors,lawyers,teachers,andbarbersareproductive,asareactors,musicians,entertainers,andotherswhoperformservicesforourbenefits.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage?

2.Wemayinferfromthecontextthattheword“encompass”(Line4,Paragraph5)means（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,economicsisthestudyof（）

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Economicfactorsinfluenceourdailylife.

B.Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisionsaboutsomepolicies.

C.Whatwestudyineconomicsishowgovernmentsinfluencetheuseofland,labor,capital,etc.

D.Theservicesofwholesalers,retailersandbankersareanimportantpartoftheproductiveprocess.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.surround

B.enclose

C.encircle

D.include

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.productionandconsumption

B.government’spolicy

C.activitiesthatmakegoodsavailabletopeople

D.consequencesofwarandpeace.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theservicesofdoctors,lawyersandteachersareunproductive.

B.Economicfactorsareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofhistory.

C.Allthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.

D.Jobdiscriminationandunequaleducationalopportunitieshaveimportantconsequencesonlyforthosewhoarediscriminatedagainst.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Urbanslums,jobdiscrimination,unequaleducationalopportunities,andcivilrightsareexcludedfromeconomicfactors.

B.Eachtopicineconomicsdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.

C.Governmentpoliciesdeterminethelinkbetweentheresourcesofnatureandneedsoftheconsumer.

D.Ahousewifecannotpickaloafofbreadoffthegrocer’sshelfunlessthereisagoodharvest.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段的一二句“...affectthewaywelive.”對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A；第二段的第一句“Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisions...”對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B；最后一段的第三句“Itisnotrestrictedtoworkontangiblephysicalcommodities,butencompassesservicesaswell.”對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)D。只有選項(xiàng)C在文中沒有提及。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)