閱讀技能

Howtogetthemainidea?（主旨大意題）Asisknowntous,testingthereadingabilityofthestudentsisthemostimportantpurposeinthecollegeentranceexamination.Theproblemsdesignedinthepapersrelatetothetestingoftheabilitiesofinferring,gettingthemainideaofapassage,guessingthemeaningofaword/phrase,tellingdifferentstatements,decidingtheauthor’sattitude/purpose,andsoon.Andhowtogetthemainideaofapassage,somestudentssay,isnoeasytask.Doyouagreewiththem?”

What'syouridea?YesNoReadingcomprehension1、細(xì)節(jié)理解題(questionsofdetails)2、詞義猜測(cè)題(wordsincontext)3、推理判斷題(questionsofinference)4、主旨大意題(mainidea)閱讀中主旨大意題的題型分類(lèi)主旨題標(biāo)題類(lèi)（topicortitle

）文章主旨(mainideaofthearticle)段落主旨(mainideaoftheparagraph)主旨大意---問(wèn)題形式：1).主旨類(lèi)

Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?2).標(biāo)題類(lèi)

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

Thebesttitleforthispassageis_____.解題技巧周練3典型錯(cuò)題再現(xiàn)Eachofushasaplaceinnaturewegosometimes,evenifitwastorndown.Wecannotbethelastgenerationtohavethatplace.Atthisrate,kidswhomissthesenseofwonderoutdoorswillnotgrowuptobeprotectorsofnaturallandscapes.“IfthedeclineinparksusecontinuesacrossNorthAmerica,whowilldefendparksagainstencroachment(蠶食)?”asksRichardLouv,authorofLastChildintheWoods.56.ThemainideaofParagraph2isthat______.A.parksareindangerofbeinggraduallyencroachedB.RichardLouvistheauthorofLastChildintheWoodsC.childrenareexpectedtodevelopintoprotectorsofnatureD.kidsaremissingthesenseofwonderoutdoors（）（）Who？Supportingsentencekids58.Inwritingthispassage,theauthormainlyintendsto___.A.encouragechildrentoprotect

parksfromencroachmentB.showhisconcernaboutchildren'slackofexperienceinnatureC.blamechildrenforgettinglostincomputergamesD.inspirechildrentokeepthesenseofwonderaboutthingsaround

_______________

__________________________________________detailsParagraphideasPassageideaHowtogetthemainideaofapassage?1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Practice：TIP1:抓---主題句2

Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.

Themainideaofthispassageisthat________.

A.aninnocentpersonlooksmoreguiltythanaprofessionalcriminaldoesB.themanwhoknows"everything"mayreallyknowsnothingC.wearefoolishifwejudgeapersononlybyhisappearanceD.itisdifficulttotelltheguiltyfromtheinnocent.

So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance

3

Doesitreallyhelpsociety,orthevictim,orthevictim’sfamily,toputinjailamanwho,whiledrunkatthewheelofhiscar,hasinjuredorkilledanotherperson?

Itwouldbemorehelpfultomakethemanpayforhisvictim’smedicalbillsandcompensatehimforthebadexperience,thelossofworkingtime,andanyotherproblemsarisingfromtheaccident.

Ifthevictimisdead,inmostcaseshisfamilycouldusesomefinancialassistance.

Itwouldbemorehelpfultomakethemanpayforhisvictim’smedicalbillsandcompensatehimforthebadexperience,thelossofworkingtime,andanyotherproblemsarisingfromtheaccident.

4

TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetailTopicsentence:typeThepositionofthetopicInformationwordsAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentenceforexample…so,therefore,…完成---例（2-4）practice45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroduceanewbusinessmodel.B.Tocomparetwobusinessmodels.C.Topredictachangeoftheglobalmarket.D.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment.高考試題-廣東卷Peoplenowrealizethatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainableways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts.Today,sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries.…Inaddition,wearealsoseeinggreatgrowthforsustainableproducts……….canacceleratethechangefromtraditionalmodeltoasustainableone.…butitoffersabundantnewchancesforsustainableproductindustries.TIP2:抓---關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞:1)關(guān)注高頻詞：

(如例4)

2)

關(guān)注標(biāo)志詞：(如例4&5)but,yet,however…notonly…butalso…so,therefore,actually,inshort,..…show/find/suggest/argue…forexample，suchas…其前的為主題句其后的為主題句Itmayhelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.……Evenifyoudomakeanobviousmistakeduringaspeech,thatdoesn’treallymatter.……Asyouworkonyourspeech,don’tworryaboutbeingimperfect.Onceyoufreeyourmindofthis,youwillfinditmucheasiertogiveyourspeechfreely.54.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.HowtoBeaPerfectSpeakerB.HowtoMakeaPerfectSpeechC.Don’tExpectaPerfectSpeechD.Don’tExpectMistakesinaSpeech相反信息相反信息相反信息Tip3:敲---選項(xiàng)

Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hurry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395.Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.(2.5m’)Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_________.A.BuyingATVSetB.ASellingMethodC.BuyerBewareD.TVOnSaleThissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.(detail)(detail)(detail)誘售法（）Giveanexample1）以偏概全：太窄;局部信息;2）主題擴(kuò)大：過(guò)于寬泛,與細(xì)節(jié)脫節(jié);3）斷章取義

：以文中個(gè)別字眼、以次要細(xì)節(jié)冒充；

4）相反信息：

5)張冠李戴

:屬于A的特征放在B的身上

干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)總結(jié)主旨大意題思路方法：

1、抓---主題句

2、抓---中心詞

3、敲---選項(xiàng)完成---例（6-8）practice

②MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetipofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.FinallyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.1.time2.shipsandpeople3.route4.Sufferingsanddifficultiesa.Lackoffoodandfreshwaterb.Hungeranddiseasesc.DeathsTheprocessofMagellan’slongdifficultvoyage5.success

③Magellan’svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.Magellan’svoyageprovedtheearthisround.

①M(fèi)agellan’smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.

②MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetipofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.FinallyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoedHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.

③Magellan’svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.Paragraph1:Magellan’svoyagewasthefirsttriparoundtheworld.Paragraph2:TheprocessofMagellan’slongdifficultvoyageParagraph3:Magellan’svoyagedprovedtheearthisround.Magellan’svoyage例7Magellan’smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetripofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.FinallyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.Magellan’svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.

Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Magellan’sdeathB.GoingAroundTheWorldC.TheWorldIsRoundD.Magellan’sVoyage(toonarrow)(toonarrow)(toobroad)(proper)例8Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills.Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence,accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).

TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren’sdepartment.

LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildren’sdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram6Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(讀寫(xiě)能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).

TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren’sdepartment.

LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildren’sdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.

Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram1.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?A.C