失去爆破1失去爆破1失去爆破爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/中任何兩個(gè)音相鄰，第一個(gè)音只做發(fā)音的姿勢(shì)，剛要發(fā)出時(shí)，立即發(fā)出第二個(gè)爆破音。這個(gè)就叫“失去爆破”。

a.在單詞內(nèi)部。

e.g.doctorblackboardlamppost

b.在單詞連讀中。

e.g.agoodtimearedtie

good-byesitdown2失去爆破2pp:ripepearpb:soapbubblept:cuptie英國足球淘汰賽pd:deepdownpk:pipecleaner煙斗桿子pg:lampglass3pp:ripepear3bp:robPeterbb:rubbrisklybt:obtainbd:cabdriverbk:Bobcamebg:describeGreentp:wetpaint4bp:robPeter4tb:pocketbooktt:fasttraintd:greatdealtk:notcleantg:whitegoosedb:cardboard5tb:pocketbook5dt:goodtimedd:fielddaydk:redcarddg:goodgirlkp:silkpursekb:inkbottle6dt:goodtime6kt:actorkd:publicdutykk:blackcatkg:parkgategp:flagpolegb:dogbiscuit7kt:actor7kg:parkgategp:flagpolegb:dogbiscuitgt:ragtimegd:digdowngk:eggcupgg:biggirl8kg:parkgate8不完全爆破2．爆破音+摩擦音或破擦音（摩擦音：/f,v,T,e,s,z,S,Z,r,h/）（破擦音：/ts,dz,tr,dr,tS,dZ/）當(dāng)一個(gè)爆破音后面緊跟著一個(gè)摩擦音或破擦音時(shí)，前面的爆破音只作部分爆破。方法是：對(duì)于前一個(gè)爆破音，作好發(fā)音的姿勢(shì)，剛發(fā)出時(shí)，立即過渡到第二個(gè)摩擦音或破擦音上去。第一個(gè)爆破音發(fā)出的聲音是非常輕微的，有時(shí)甚至聽不出來。這種現(xiàn)象叫做不完全爆破。例如/ttS,tdZ,dtS,ddZ,ptS,pdZ,gtS,gdZ/等。這樣的組合出現(xiàn)時(shí)，前面的爆破音就需要不完全爆破了。例如：9不完全爆破2．爆破音+摩擦音或破擦音9picture/'piktSE/bigjug/'big'dZg/goodchild/'gud'tSaild/thatjoke/'DQt'dZEuk/10picture/'piktSE/10鼻腔爆破當(dāng)爆破音后面緊跟鼻輔音時(shí)，爆破部位由口腔爆破改為鼻腔爆破。爆破音(t,d)＋鼻輔音(m,n)發(fā)音方法：兩個(gè)音同時(shí)發(fā)音，舌尖緊緊頂著齒齦，用氣流沖擊軟腭使之下降打開鼻腔的通道，爆破聲從鼻子里出來。e.g.Goodmorning.11鼻腔爆破當(dāng)爆破音后面緊跟鼻輔音時(shí)，爆破部位由口腔爆破改為鼻腔e.g./tn/ written Britain certain frighten whiteness partner witness atnight startnow whatnext/dn/ hidden burden pardon wooden sadness kidney goodnight redrose breadknife12e.g.12/tm/ excitement atmosphere abitmore whitemice eightmen/dm/ admit sadmusic agoodmany broadminded13/tm/ excitement atmosphere13舌側(cè)爆破/t/,/d/+/l/發(fā)爆破音的時(shí)候，舌尖貼住齒齦，舌的兩側(cè)貼住上顎的兩側(cè)，為后面的/l/音做準(zhǔn)備，在爆破音的氣流沖擊下聲音從舌的兩側(cè)泄出，稱為舌側(cè)爆破。例：/tl/little battle settle cattlebottle/dl/middle muddle model needle14舌側(cè)爆破/t/,/d/+/l/14PracticesGroup1:whitechalkgreatchangeloudcheersagoodtryagoodchildabitdryasecondchoiceablackjacketagoodjobabigtreeahardjourneyafasttrainasweetdreamacolddrink15PracticesGroup1:15Group2：goodmorningattendmeetingsnotminehelpmedon'tknowatnoonnotnowoddnumbersgoodnightquitenearaloudnoiseanimportantmatteradifferentmeaninggoodnewsurgentneedsagoodmemory16Group2：16Group3：activeblackboardpost-cardSeptemberhardtimesquitedifferentwetgroundhotbedtakecarenextdoor17Group3：17Group4：oldfriendsstepforwardbrightfuturefirstvisitjustthinktakethreebrightthoughtjustthenaskthemredstarsfirststepkeepsilentfolksongsabigzoobookshelvesdon'tshoutmakesurethatchair18Group4：18先將下列短文中的弱讀、失去爆破和不完全爆破劃出，然后練習(xí)朗讀：LadiesandGentlemen,Ihavesomegoodnewsandsomebadnews.First,thegoodnews.ThedivethatyoujustwatchedinOlympicDivingeventwasthewinningdive.Now,thebadnews.Theswimmingpoolwasempty.19先將下列短文中的弱讀、失去爆破和不完全爆破劃出，然后練習(xí)朗讀2020連讀21連讀21朗讀下列短語，注意連讀：

ablock_offlatsthecorner_ofthestreetatin_ofpeasthetop_ofthemountainapiece_ofcakein_aforeigncountryaglass_ofwateran_instantsuccessacup_ofteasuch_ashorttimeniceclear_airsend_itbymail

22朗讀下列短語，注意連讀：22an_Englishgirlwait_amomentanice_ideaalot_ofnoiseavisitto_Indiaonce_in_awhilean_apologyawaste_oftimemade_up_ofnot_intheleastin_AmericaWar_andPeace

23an_Englishgirlwait_aout_ofdateOut_ofAfricawait_andseeDeath_ontheNilehave_arestTheWizard_ofOzAlice_inWonderlandtime's_upamother_ofthreeCat_onaHotTinRoof24out_ofdate對(duì)下列短文作語音分析，首先標(biāo)出重音、連讀和失去爆破或不完全爆破的音節(jié)，然后反復(fù)練習(xí)朗讀：WhenanAmericantodaysays"myfamilyiscomingtovisit,"heorsheisusingfamilytoincludecousins,uncles,grandparents,oranyotherrelativeswhodonotlivewithhimorher.Thatis,thispersonisusingfamilythewayitwasused150yearsagowhenthemajorityofAmericanswerefarmers.Inthatearliertime,ofcourse,threeormoregenerationslivedunderoneroof—grandparents,theirchildren,theirchildren'sspouses,andtheirchildren'schildren.Yetfamilyisaveryvagueword.Itcanmean,forexample,thespeaker'sparents,whodonotlivewithhimorher.Ontheotherhand,itcanmeanunclesandaunts,niecesandnephews,firstandsecondcousins,orevenin-laws.Asaresult,theexpressionimmediatefamilyhascomeintouse.Itmeanssomethingbetweenthenarrowestuseoffamilyandthebroadestone:usuallythegrandparents,theirchildrenandtheirchildren'schildren.25對(duì)下列短文作語音分析，首先標(biāo)出重音、連讀和失去爆破或不完全爆2626意群停頓句子可以按照它的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)分成小段，這樣的小段就叫做意群。例如下面兩個(gè)句子按意群來分是這樣的：1)Bythetimehearrived/hewascompletelyexhausted.2)WhenIleaveBeijing/Iwillleave/withveryfondmemories/ofthecityandit'speople/andwithanincreasedknowledgeofChina.27意群停頓句子可以按照它的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)分成小段，這樣的小在說話和朗讀時(shí)，意群的作用是：如果感到句子很長(zhǎng)，一口氣說不下來，可以在意群和意群之間有一個(gè)很短的停頓（換氣）。正確的停頓應(yīng)該在意群和意群之間。同一個(gè)意群內(nèi)不應(yīng)停頓。意群之間的停頓不是固定的，而是靈活的?？梢园凑諅€(gè)人的需要，可停頓也可不停頓，可多停頓也可少停頓。28在說話和朗讀時(shí)，意群的作用是：如果感到句子很長(zhǎng)，一口2929AnimalInstinctsGeorgeisayoungman.Hedoesnothaveawife,buthehasaverybigdog—andhehasaverysmallcartoo.Helikesplayingtennis.LastMondayheplayedtennisforanhourathisclub,andthenheranoutandjumpedintoacar.Hisdogcameafterhim,butitdidnotjumpintothesamecar;itjumpedintothenextone."Comehere,sillydog!"Georgeshoutedatitbutthedogstayed/intheothercar.Georgeputhiskeyintothelockofthecar,butthekeydidnotturn.Thenhelookedatthecaragain.Itwasnothis!Hewasinthewrongcar!Andthedogwasintherightone!"He'ssittingandlaughingatme!"Georgesaidangrily.Butthenhesmiled/andgotintohiscarwiththedog.30AnimalInstincts30AnimalInstincts

Georgeisayoungman.Hedoesnothaveawife,/buthehasaverybigdog/—andhehasaverysmallcartoo.Helikesplayingtennis.LastMonday/heplayedtennis/foranhour/athisclub,andthenheranout/andjumpedintoacar.Hisdogcameafterhim,/butitdidnotjumpintothesamecar;/itjumpedintothenextone."Comehere,/sillydog!"/Georgeshoutedatit/butthedogstayed/intheothercar.Georgeputhiskey/intothelockofthecar,/butthekeydidnotturn.Thenhelookedatthecaragain.Itwasnothis!Hewasinthewrongcar!Andthedog/wasintherightone!"He'ssitting/andlaughingatme!"Georgesaidangrily.Butthen/hesmiled/andgotintohiscar/withthedog.31AnimalInstincts

Georgeis句中上升

在一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子中，如果有許多重讀音節(jié)，按照降調(diào)的規(guī)律，應(yīng)該逐個(gè)遞降。但由于重讀音節(jié)很多，聲音會(huì)越來越低，不論是自己還是別人，都會(huì)感到不舒服，聽起來會(huì)很單調(diào)，說到最后嗓音會(huì)低不下去。因此，我們可以在句子中間選擇任何一個(gè)你認(rèn)為重要的重讀音節(jié)，將嗓音提高，好像又開始了一個(gè)從高到低的遞降過程。我們把每一個(gè)從高到低的遞降過程的語調(diào)組合叫語調(diào)群。句中某個(gè)音節(jié)上升的現(xiàn)象叫做句中上升。例如：I'msorryIcouldn'tquitemakeoutwhatyouweresaying.（只有一個(gè)從高到低的語調(diào)群，聽起來比較單調(diào)。）I'msorryIcouldn't↑quitemakeoutwhatyouweresaying.（有一個(gè)句中上升，因此就有了兩個(gè)從高到低的語調(diào)群。聽起來比較生動(dòng)。）升高的這個(gè)音節(jié)quite可以用↑來表示.32句中上升在一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子中，如果有許多重讀音節(jié)

I'msorryIcouldn't↑quitemakeoutwhatyouweresaying.在生活語言中，把長(zhǎng)句子分成幾個(gè)語調(diào)群的現(xiàn)象是很普遍的，也就是說，句中上升是常有的現(xiàn)象。有時(shí)想要把句中某個(gè)字說的夸張一些，甚至可以把句中上升讀得比第一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)還要高。對(duì)于我們初學(xué)者，學(xué)習(xí)句中上升的主要目的是為了避免單調(diào)。3333朗讀下列句子，注意句中上升：1)Isup'poseit'couldn't↑possibly'happenagain.2)They'managedto'catchthe↑last'busintotown.3)She'musthave'beenon↑holidayfor'overaweek.4)On'Easter'Sundaythe'churchwas↑more'crowdedthanusual.5)We'wentfora'day's'walkinthe'forestin↑spiteoftherain.

34朗讀下列句子，注意句中上升：346)I'm'readinga'most↑interesting'bookbya↑newwriterjustnow.7)Youhave'not'givenmeasatis↑factoryexpla'nationofyour↑strangebehavior.8)Youmustbe'quickifyou'wantto'getyour↑shoppingdoneintime.9)My'father'likesto↑takealittlenapim↑mediatelyafterhisdinner.10)We'hopeto'moveintoour↑new'housebe'forethemonthisout.356)I'm'readinga'most↑intere失去爆破36失去爆破1失去爆破爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/中任何兩個(gè)音相鄰，第一個(gè)音只做發(fā)音的姿勢(shì)，剛要發(fā)出時(shí)，立即發(fā)出第二個(gè)爆破音。這個(gè)就叫“失去爆破”。

a.在單詞內(nèi)部。

e.g.doctorblackboardlamppost

b.在單詞連讀中。

e.g.agoodtimearedtie

good-byesitdown37失去爆破2pp:ripepearpb:soapbubblept:cuptie英國足球淘汰賽pd:deepdownpk:pipecleaner煙斗桿子pg:lampglass38pp:ripepear3bp:robPeterbb:rubbrisklybt:obtainbd:cabdriverbk:Bobcamebg:describeGreentp:wetpaint39bp:robPeter4tb:pocketbooktt:fasttraintd:greatdealtk:notcleantg:whitegoosedb:cardboard40tb:pocketbook5dt:goodtimedd:fielddaydk:redcarddg:goodgirlkp:silkpursekb:inkbottle41dt:goodtime6kt:actorkd:publicdutykk:blackcatkg:parkgategp:flagpolegb:dogbiscuit42kt:actor7kg:parkgategp:flagpolegb:dogbiscuitgt:ragtimegd:digdowngk:eggcupgg:biggirl43kg:parkgate8不完全爆破2．爆破音+摩擦音或破擦音（摩擦音：/f,v,T,e,s,z,S,Z,r,h/）（破擦音：/ts,dz,tr,dr,tS,dZ/）當(dāng)一個(gè)爆破音后面緊跟著一個(gè)摩擦音或破擦音時(shí)，前面的爆破音只作部分爆破。方法是：對(duì)于前一個(gè)爆破音，作好發(fā)音的姿勢(shì)，剛發(fā)出時(shí)，立即過渡到第二個(gè)摩擦音或破擦音上去。第一個(gè)爆破音發(fā)出的聲音是非常輕微的，有時(shí)甚至聽不出來。這種現(xiàn)象叫做不完全爆破。例如/ttS,tdZ,dtS,ddZ,ptS,pdZ,gtS,gdZ/等。這樣的組合出現(xiàn)時(shí)，前面的爆破音就需要不完全爆破了。例如：44不完全爆破2．爆破音+摩擦音或破擦音9picture/'piktSE/bigjug/'big'dZg/goodchild/'gud'tSaild/thatjoke/'DQt'dZEuk/45picture/'piktSE/10鼻腔爆破當(dāng)爆破音后面緊跟鼻輔音時(shí)，爆破部位由口腔爆破改為鼻腔爆破。爆破音(t,d)＋鼻輔音(m,n)發(fā)音方法：兩個(gè)音同時(shí)發(fā)音，舌尖緊緊頂著齒齦，用氣流沖擊軟腭使之下降打開鼻腔的通道，爆破聲從鼻子里出來。e.g.Goodmorning.46鼻腔爆破當(dāng)爆破音后面緊跟鼻輔音時(shí)，爆破部位由口腔爆破改為鼻腔e.g./tn/ written Britain certain frighten whiteness partner witness atnight startnow whatnext/dn/ hidden burden pardon wooden sadness kidney goodnight redrose breadknife47e.g.12/tm/ excitement atmosphere abitmore whitemice eightmen/dm/ admit sadmusic agoodmany broadminded48/tm/ excitement atmosphere13舌側(cè)爆破/t/,/d/+/l/發(fā)爆破音的時(shí)候，舌尖貼住齒齦，舌的兩側(cè)貼住上顎的兩側(cè)，為后面的/l/音做準(zhǔn)備，在爆破音的氣流沖擊下聲音從舌的兩側(cè)泄出，稱為舌側(cè)爆破。例：/tl/little battle settle cattlebottle/dl/middle muddle model needle49舌側(cè)爆破/t/,/d/+/l/14PracticesGroup1:whitechalkgreatchangeloudcheersagoodtryagoodchildabitdryasecondchoiceablackjacketagoodjobabigtreeahardjourneyafasttrainasweetdreamacolddrink50PracticesGroup1:15Group2：goodmorningattendmeetingsnotminehelpmedon'tknowatnoonnotnowoddnumbersgoodnightquitenearaloudnoiseanimportantmatteradifferentmeaninggoodnewsurgentneedsagoodmemory51Group2：16Group3：activeblackboardpost-cardSeptemberhardtimesquitedifferentwetgroundhotbedtakecarenextdoor52Group3：17Group4：oldfriendsstepforwardbrightfuturefirstvisitjustthinktakethreebrightthoughtjustthenaskthemredstarsfirststepkeepsilentfolksongsabigzoobookshelvesdon'tshoutmakesurethatchair53Group4：18先將下列短文中的弱讀、失去爆破和不完全爆破劃出，然后練習(xí)朗讀：LadiesandGentlemen,Ihavesomegoodnewsandsomebadnews.First,thegoodnews.ThedivethatyoujustwatchedinOlympicDivingeventwasthewinningdive.Now,thebadnews.Theswimmingpoolwasempty.54先將下列短文中的弱讀、失去爆破和不完全爆破劃出，然后練習(xí)朗讀5520連讀56連讀21朗讀下列短語，注意連讀：

ablock_offlatsthecorner_ofthestreetatin_ofpeasthetop_ofthemountainapiece_ofcakein_aforeigncountryaglass_ofwateran_instantsuccessacup_ofteasuch_ashorttimeniceclear_airsend_itbymail

57朗讀下列短語，注意連讀：22an_Englishgirlwait_amomentanice_ideaalot_ofnoiseavisitto_Indiaonce_in_awhilean_apologyawaste_oftimemade_up_ofnot_intheleastin_AmericaWar_andPeace

58an_Englishgirlwait_aout_ofdateOut_ofAfricawait_andseeDeath_ontheNilehave_arestTheWizard_ofOzAlice_inWonderlandtime's_upamother_ofthreeCat_onaHotTinRoof59out_ofdate對(duì)下列短文作語音分析，首先標(biāo)出重音、連讀和失去爆破或不完全爆破的音節(jié)，然后反復(fù)練習(xí)朗讀：WhenanAmericantodaysays"myfamilyiscomingtovisit,"heorsheisusingfamilytoincludecousins,uncles,grandparents,oranyotherrelativeswhodonotlivewithhimorher.Thatis,thispersonisusingfamilythewayitwasused150yearsagowhenthemajorityofAmericanswerefarmers.Inthatearliertime,ofcourse,threeormoregenerationslivedunderoneroof—grandparents,theirchildren,theirchildren'sspouses,andtheirchildren'schildren.Yetfamilyisaveryvagueword.Itcanmean,forexample,thespeaker'sparents,whodonotlivewithhimorher.Ontheotherhand,itcanmeanunclesandaunts,niecesandnephews,firstandsecondcousins,orevenin-laws.Asaresult,theexpressionimmediatefamilyhascomeintouse.Itmeanssomethingbetweenthenarrowestuseoffamilyandthebroadestone:usuallythegrandparents,theirchildrenandtheirchildren'schildren.60對(duì)下列短文作語音分析，首先標(biāo)出重音、連讀和失去爆破或不完全爆6126意群停頓句子可以按照它的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)分成小段，這樣的小段就叫做意群。例如下面兩個(gè)句子按意群來分是這樣的：1)Bythetimehearrived/hewascompletelyexhausted.2)WhenIleaveBeijing/Iwillleave/withveryfondmemories/ofthecityandit'speople/andwithanincreasedknowledgeofChina.62意群停頓句子可以按照它的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)分成小段，這樣的小在說話和朗讀時(shí)，意群的作用是：如果感到句子很長(zhǎng)，一口氣說不下來，可以在意群和意群之間有一個(gè)很短的停頓（換氣）。正確的停頓應(yīng)該在意群和意群之間。同一個(gè)意群內(nèi)不應(yīng)停頓。意群之間的停頓不是固定的，而是靈活的?？梢园凑諅€(gè)人的需要，可停頓也可不停頓，可多停頓也可少停頓。63在說話和朗讀時(shí)，意群的作用是：如果感到句子很長(zhǎng)，一口6429AnimalInstinctsGeorgeisayoungman.Hedoesnothaveawife,buthehasaverybigdog—andhehasaverysmallcartoo.Helikesplayingtennis.LastMondayheplayedtennisforanhourathisclub,andthenheranoutandjumpedintoacar.Hisdogcameafterhim,butitdidnotjumpintothesamecar;itjumpedintothenextone."Comehere,sillydog!"Georgeshoutedatitbutthedogstayed/intheothercar.Georgeputhiskeyintothelockofthecar,butthekeydidnotturn.Thenhelookedatthecaragain.Itwasnothis!Hewasinthewrongcar!Andthedogwasintherightone!"He'ssittingandlaughingatme!"Georgesaidangrily.Butthenhesmiled/andgotintohiscarwiththedog.65AnimalInstincts30AnimalInstincts

Georgeisayoungman.Hedoesnothaveawife,/buthehasaverybigdog/—andhehasaverysmallcartoo.Helikesplayingtennis.LastMonday/heplayedtennis/foranhour/athisclub,andthenheranout/andjumpedintoacar.Hisdogcameafterhim,/butitdidnotjumpintothesamecar;/itjumpedintothenextone."Comehere,/sillydog!"/Georgeshoutedatit/butt