Lesson20OnemaninaboatLesson20OnemaninaboatWhatisyourfavouritepastime?WatchingTV?/playingvidiogames?/goingshopping?/readingbooks?Howdoyouthinkoffishing?Areyouinterestedinit?WhatisyourfavouritepastimeWhatistheadvantageoffishingcanyoutellme?1,getclosertothenature.2,relaxourselves.3,havesomefreshfishtoeat.4,canfosterourpatientandprolongconcentration.WhatistheadvantageoffishiRiversnowAhundredmountainsandnobird,Athousandpathswithoutafootprint;Alittleboat,abamboocloak,Anoldmanfishinginthecoldriver-snow.

RiversnowThefishermanonthestreamYougoupanddownstream.youlovetoeatthebream.Lo!ThefishingboatbravesPerilouswindandwaves.ThefishermanonthestreamWhenweareplaningtogofishing,whatshouldwetake?WhenweareplaningtogofishHerearesomefishinggears.(魚具）fishingrodHerearesomefishinggears.(fishbait(魚餌）fishbait(魚餌）fishhookfishhookfishinglinefishinglinefishingnetfishingnetFishbeginstostinkatthehead.〔諺語〕上梁不正下梁歪，魚要腐爛頭先壞。Itisasillyfish,thatiscaughttwicewiththesamebait.〔諺語〕智者不上兩回當(dāng)。Neveroffertoteachfishtoswim.〔諺語〕別班門弄斧afishoutofwater離水的魚，不得其所的人。FISHFishbeginstostinkatthehecatchfishwithasilverhook釣不到魚之后花錢買魚(冒充是自己釣的)。Thebestfishsmellwhentheyarethreedaysold.〔諺語〕魚過三天就要臭；久居別家招人嫌。

Thebestfishswim[are]nearthebottom.〔諺語〕好魚居水底，要得寶物不容易。Ventureasmallfishtocatchagreatone.〔諺語〕蝦子釣鯉魚，吃小虧占大便宜。catchfishwithasilverhookPre-taskWhatdosomeunluckyfishermencatch?Whydoesthewritersayheisevenlesslucky?Whatishereallyinterestedin?Pre-taskWhatdosomeunluckyfNewWordscatchv.(catch-caught-caught)

1)抓住,捕捉

Ourcatcaughtamouse.Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.2)趕上

We‘vejustcaughtthetrain.

我們正好趕上了火車

3)領(lǐng)會

Idon'tcatchyourmeaning

我不明白你的意思。

catch的一些固定用法

catchacold

染上感冒

catchone’sbreath

摒住呼吸

catchsightof=see

看見

catchfire

著火

catchone'seyes

吸引某人注意力NewWordscatchv.(catcfirshermann.釣魚人，漁民firshermann.釣魚人，漁民bootn.靴子apairofboots

一雙靴子bootn.靴子wastev.浪費Weshouldnotwastetime.n.浪費It'sonlyawasteoftimetospeaktoher.和她說話純粹是浪費時間。awasteof…

浪費……Itisawasteoftime/money/food/water.。

Wastenot,wantnot.不浪費，就不缺乏。（尤指食物或錢）wastev.浪費Ifyouneverwasteanything,you’llneverlackit.不浪費，就不缺乏。gotowaste變成廢物wasteaway（人，體力）衰弱wastebasket字紙簍(Am.)wastepaperbasket字紙簍(Br.)Ifyouneverwasteanything,yrealizevt.意識到Hecouldnotrealizehisowndanger.他未能意識到自己的危險。Ididn'trealizeyoursadness.我沒有意識到/察覺到你的悲傷。vt.實現(xiàn)

=etrueMydreamshavebeenrealized.我的愿望實現(xiàn)了。=Ihavemademydreamcometrue.realizevt.意識到realize和understandrealize:becomeaware,sometimessuddenly（通過感官或是意識作用的）understand：懂，理解（通過一定的解釋，思考，學(xué)習(xí)了一定的知識后或是有過同樣的經(jīng)歷，感覺而知道）Irealizedhewasmad.Hedidn'trealizethathehadmadeamistake.他沒有意識到自己犯了個錯誤Idon'tunderstandEnglish.課本90頁練習(xí)1.2realize和understandrealize:beIntensiveReading1.Fishingismyfavoritesport.favorite(AmE)=favourite(BrE)a.最喜歡的=like...mostFishingismyfavoritesport.=Ilikefishingmost.n.最喜歡的東西/事情

Fishingismyfavorite.Thesecookiesaregreatfavoriteswiththechildren.這些餅干是孩子們的最愛。favoriteadj.最喜歡的無比較級、最高級favourn.恩惠幫助Canyoudomeafavour?IntensiveReading1.Fishingis如何區(qū)分動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞做定語現(xiàn)在分詞做定語時，被修飾的名詞和做定語的分詞之間有一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。而動名詞做定語表示被修飾詞的用途，作用。aswimmingboy=theboywhoisswimmingaswimmingpool=apoolwhichisusedforswimming如何區(qū)分動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞做定語現(xiàn)在分詞做定語時，被修飾的名詞2.Ioftenfishforhourswithoutcatchinganything.這里的fish是不及物動詞。forhours=forseveralhours動名詞catching作介詞without的賓語。without是with的反義詞，表否定。例句：Aftertalkingtohim,Ifeltbetter.Thanksforinvitingme.2.IoftenfishforhourswithoShesatatthetable.Shedidn’tspeaktoanyone.Hefishedallday.Hedidn’tcatchanyting.Hedrovetwohundredmiles.Hedidn’tstop.Helefttherestaurant.Hedidn’tpaythebill.Shesatatthetable.Shedidn’3.Butthisdoesnotworryme.worryvt.使某人擔(dān)心worrysb/oneself(aboutsth/sb.)beworriedaboutsth.Thisdoesn'tworryme.Healwaysworrieshispartents.他總是使他父母擔(dān)心。Heisworryhimselfaboutthesick.=Heisworriedaboutthesick.vi.擔(dān)心...worryabout/over...Don'tworry.Takeiteasy.別擔(dān)心，放松點。She'salwaysworryingaboutherweight.她總是擔(dān)心自己的體重。3.Butthisdoesnotworryme.4.Insteadofcatchingfish,theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.insteadof...代替...,而不是...副詞詞組作狀語Insteadofcatchingfish,theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.Wewon'thavemeattoday.Instead,we'llhavefish.Assheissick,Isupposedtogoinsteadofher.taketheplaceof...代替...動詞詞組Assheissick,IsupposedtoletTomtaketheplaceofher.副詞4.Insteadofcatchingfish,theinsteadofdoing...theydid...沒有做...而是做...insteadofgoingtothecinema,hestayedathome.goshopping/gotothepark.readabook/readamagazine.gotoschool/gofishinghavedinnerathome/gototherestaurant.insteadofdoing...theydid...5.Iamevenlesslucky(thanthosefishermenwhoonlycatcholdbootsandrubbish).even甚至，強調(diào)語氣。lucky變成luckier/luckiest是指肯定時，這里加上less則變成否定。

=theyareluckierthanme.=Iamnotevenasluckyastheyare.5.Iamevenlesslucky(thantrubbishn.垃圾apileofrubbish一堆垃圾eg.Don’ttalkrubbish!別說廢話了！garbage1)（廚房里的）菜屑碎肉，殘羹剩肴，垃圾(Am.)2)（口）不足取的東西，愚蠢的想法garbagecan垃圾箱(Am.)dustin垃圾箱(Br.)garbagecollector垃圾收集清潔員dustman垃圾收集清潔員(Br.)garbagetruck垃圾車dustcart垃圾車(Br.)rubbishn.垃圾6.Afterhavingspentwholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohomewithanemptybag.現(xiàn)在完成時的動詞havespent名詞化后作介詞after的賓語。6.Afterhavingspentwholemor7.'Youmustgiveupfishing!’Myfriendssay.'It'sawasteoftime.'動名詞fishing作動詞短語giveup的賓語。

giveup放棄。例句：Don’tgiveuphope.Youshouldgiveupsmoking.7.'Youmustgiveupfishing!’8.Buttheydon'trealizeoneimportantthing.realize意識到。例句：Irealizethatit’sverylatenow.實現(xiàn)。例句：Hehasrealizedhisdream.8.Buttheydon'trealizeonei9.I'eresteda.有興趣的beinterestedin...對...感興趣，主語多為人interestinga.有趣的，主要形容某物或某人是有趣的Thisisaninterestingbook.Thebabyisinteresting.excitedandexcitingexciteda....是激動的，興奮的(多用于人，動物組織等)Thechildrenareallexcitedaboutopeningthepresents.

excitinga.令人激動的/興奮的（修飾的對人多為物）

Thatisanexcitinggame.那是一場令人興奮的比賽9.I'mnotreallyinterestedininterested和interestinginteresteda.有興趣的beinterestedin...對...感興趣，主語多為人interestinga.有趣的，主要形容某物或某人是有趣的Thisisaninterestingbook.Thebabyisinteresting.excitedandexcitingexciteda....是激動的，興奮的(多用于人，動物組織等)Thechildrenareallexcitedaboutopeningthepresents.

excitinga.令人激動的/興奮的（修飾的對人多為物）

Thatisanexcitinggame.那是一場令人興奮的比賽interested和interestingintere哪些地方要用動名詞？1.做主語時，用動名詞，表示抽象的，一般性的行為，強調(diào)事情本身e.g.Eatingisalwaysapleasure.吃總是件愉快的事。WatchingTVismyfavoritepastime.看電視是我最愛的業(yè)余愛好Readinginbedisabadhabit.躺在床上看書是個壞習(xí)慣。哪些地方要用動名詞？1.做主語時，用動名詞，表示抽象的，一2.動名詞做賓語，位于介詞,之后，或是和一些動動詞搭配Iamkeenon

cycling.我非常喜歡騎自行車。Sheisafraidof

stayinginthathousealone.她害怕單獨呆在那間屋子里。Heturnedofftheradio.Heleftthehouse.=Beforeheleftthehouse,heturned/hadturnedofftheradio.=Beforeleavingthehouse,heturned/hadturnedofftheradio.=Heleftthehouse,afterheturned/hadturnedofftheradio.=Heleftthehouse,afterturingofftheradio.2.動名詞做賓語，位于介詞,之后，或是和一些動動詞搭配IImustapologize.Iinterruptedyou.Imustapologizeforinterruptingyou.Imustapologizeforhavinginterruptedyou.Imustapologizefornotleavingyouinaquietplace.Hecongratulatedme.IwonthecompetitionHecongratulatedmeon(my)winningthecompetition.Hecongratulatedmeonhavingwonthecompetition.Imustapologize.Iinterrupte過去分詞做定語過去分詞作定語，在語態(tài)上，表被動；在時間上，表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，與它所修飾的名詞有邏輯（意義）上的動賓關(guān)系。過去分詞作定語時，所修飾的名詞在邏輯上相當(dāng)于被動句中的主語，過去分詞相當(dāng)于謂語。過去分詞作定語表示動作在謂語動作之前發(fā)生，已經(jīng)完成并具有被動意義。有時也不表示時間性。作定語的過去分詞一般由及物動詞變來，因為只有及物動詞才有被動意義。過去分詞做定語過去分詞作定語，在語態(tài)上，表被動；在時間上，表例如：

Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents.他是個很受學(xué)生愛戴的老師。

例如：

Heisateacherlovedby也有用不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語的情況，一般作前置定語，它不表示被動意義，只表示主動意義，強調(diào)動作完成。不能像及物動詞的過去分詞那樣放在名詞后面作定語。例如：fallenleaves落葉

retiredworkers退休工人

therisensun升起的太陽

也有用不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語的情況，一般作前置定語，它不過去分詞做定語幾點注意事項1.單個的過去分詞作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。例如：

Weneededmuchmorequalifiedworkers.我們需要更多的合格的工人。

Myfriendisareturnedstudent.我的朋友是歸國的留學(xué)生。

單個分詞也可以作后置定語，用以強調(diào)動作。例如：

Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他們決定更換使用的材料。過去分詞做定語幾點注意事項1.單個的過去分詞作定語一般放在過去分詞做定語幾點注意事項2.過去分詞短語作定語要放在被修飾的名詞后面，作后置定語，其作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。例如：

Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.

=Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.)穿白色衣服的學(xué)生是我的女兒過去分詞做定語幾點注意事項2.過去分詞短語作定語要放在被修過去分詞做定語幾點注意事項3.如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those等時，即使一個單一的分詞作形容詞用，也要放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：

Isthereanythingunsolved?

還有沒解決的問題嗎？

ThereisnotingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.

自從我離開這個城鎮(zhèn)以來，幾乎沒有什么變化。過去分詞做定語幾點注意事項3.如果被修飾的詞是由every4.單個過去分詞前加一名詞或副詞，常用連字符將它們連接起來構(gòu)成一個復(fù)合形容詞，放在其修飾的名詞前，作前置定語。分詞前加的名詞表示分詞的動作或行為主體，所加的副詞表示方式、時間、程度、性質(zhì)等意義。例如：

Thisisastate-ownedfactory.這是一家國營工廠。

Thisisourschool-runfactory.這是我們的校辦工廠。4.單個過去分詞前加一名詞或副詞，常用連字符將它們連接起來★區(qū)別有些動詞后加不定式和加動名詞的不同含義★①stoptodo：停下正在做的事而去做另一件事

stopdoing：停下正在做的事②remembertodo：記得要去做某事

rememberdoing：記得做過某事③forgettodo：忘記去做某事forgetdoing：忘記做過某事④goontodo：繼續(xù)去做另一件事

goondoing：繼續(xù)做未完成的這件事★區(qū)別有些動詞后加不定式和加動名詞的不同含義★①stop⑤trytodo：盡力去做某事trydoing：試著做某事⑥r(nóng)egrettodo：對馬上要做的事表示遺憾

regretdoing：對已做過的事表示后悔⑦meantodo：打算去做某事

meandoing：意味著怎樣⑤trytodo：盡力去做某事livinginahousetowardsthesea,withspringblossoms.livinginahousetowardstheLesson20OnemaninaboatLesson20OnemaninaboatWhatisyourfavouritepastime?WatchingTV?/playingvidiogames?/goingshopping?/readingbooks?Howdoyouthinkoffishing?Areyouinterestedinit?WhatisyourfavouritepastimeWhatistheadvantageoffishingcanyoutellme?1,getclosertothenature.2,relaxourselves.3,havesomefreshfishtoeat.4,canfosterourpatientandprolongconcentration.WhatistheadvantageoffishiRiversnowAhundredmountainsandnobird,Athousandpathswithoutafootprint;Alittleboat,abamboocloak,Anoldmanfishinginthecoldriver-snow.

RiversnowThefishermanonthestreamYougoupanddownstream.youlovetoeatthebream.Lo!ThefishingboatbravesPerilouswindandwaves.ThefishermanonthestreamWhenweareplaningtogofishing,whatshouldwetake?WhenweareplaningtogofishHerearesomefishinggears.(魚具）fishingrodHerearesomefishinggears.(fishbait(魚餌）fishbait(魚餌）fishhookfishhookfishinglinefishinglinefishingnetfishingnetFishbeginstostinkatthehead.〔諺語〕上梁不正下梁歪，魚要腐爛頭先壞。Itisasillyfish,thatiscaughttwicewiththesamebait.〔諺語〕智者不上兩回當(dāng)。Neveroffertoteachfishtoswim.〔諺語〕別班門弄斧afishoutofwater離水的魚，不得其所的人。FISHFishbeginstostinkatthehecatchfishwithasilverhook釣不到魚之后花錢買魚(冒充是自己釣的)。Thebestfishsmellwhentheyarethreedaysold.〔諺語〕魚過三天就要臭；久居別家招人嫌。

Thebestfishswim[are]nearthebottom.〔諺語〕好魚居水底，要得寶物不容易。Ventureasmallfishtocatchagreatone.〔諺語〕蝦子釣鯉魚，吃小虧占大便宜。catchfishwithasilverhookPre-taskWhatdosomeunluckyfishermencatch?Whydoesthewritersayheisevenlesslucky?Whatishereallyinterestedin?Pre-taskWhatdosomeunluckyfNewWordscatchv.(catch-caught-caught)

1)抓住,捕捉

Ourcatcaughtamouse.Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.2)趕上

We‘vejustcaughtthetrain.

我們正好趕上了火車

3)領(lǐng)會

Idon'tcatchyourmeaning

我不明白你的意思。

catch的一些固定用法

catchacold

染上感冒

catchone’sbreath

摒住呼吸

catchsightof=see

看見

catchfire

著火

catchone'seyes

吸引某人注意力NewWordscatchv.(catcfirshermann.釣魚人，漁民firshermann.釣魚人，漁民bootn.靴子apairofboots

一雙靴子bootn.靴子wastev.浪費Weshouldnotwastetime.n.浪費It'sonlyawasteoftimetospeaktoher.和她說話純粹是浪費時間。awasteof…

浪費……Itisawasteoftime/money/food/water.。

Wastenot,wantnot.不浪費，就不缺乏。（尤指食物或錢）wastev.浪費Ifyouneverwasteanything,you’llneverlackit.不浪費，就不缺乏。gotowaste變成廢物wasteaway（人，體力）衰弱wastebasket字紙簍(Am.)wastepaperbasket字紙簍(Br.)Ifyouneverwasteanything,yrealizevt.意識到Hecouldnotrealizehisowndanger.他未能意識到自己的危險。Ididn'trealizeyoursadness.我沒有意識到/察覺到你的悲傷。vt.實現(xiàn)

=etrueMydreamshavebeenrealized.我的愿望實現(xiàn)了。=Ihavemademydreamcometrue.realizevt.意識到realize和understandrealize:becomeaware,sometimessuddenly（通過感官或是意識作用的）understand：懂，理解（通過一定的解釋，思考，學(xué)習(xí)了一定的知識后或是有過同樣的經(jīng)歷，感覺而知道）Irealizedhewasmad.Hedidn'trealizethathehadmadeamistake.他沒有意識到自己犯了個錯誤Idon'tunderstandEnglish.課本90頁練習(xí)1.2realize和understandrealize:beIntensiveReading1.Fishingismyfavoritesport.favorite(AmE)=favourite(BrE)a.最喜歡的=like...mostFishingismyfavoritesport.=Ilikefishingmost.n.最喜歡的東西/事情

Fishingismyfavorite.Thesecookiesaregreatfavoriteswiththechildren.這些餅干是孩子們的最愛。favoriteadj.最喜歡的無比較級、最高級favourn.恩惠幫助Canyoudomeafavour?IntensiveReading1.Fishingis如何區(qū)分動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞做定語現(xiàn)在分詞做定語時，被修飾的名詞和做定語的分詞之間有一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。而動名詞做定語表示被修飾詞的用途，作用。aswimmingboy=theboywhoisswimmingaswimmingpool=apoolwhichisusedforswimming如何區(qū)分動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞做定語現(xiàn)在分詞做定語時，被修飾的名詞2.Ioftenfishforhourswithoutcatchinganything.這里的fish是不及物動詞。forhours=forseveralhours動名詞catching作介詞without的賓語。without是with的反義詞，表否定。例句：Aftertalkingtohim,Ifeltbetter.Thanksforinvitingme.2.IoftenfishforhourswithoShesatatthetable.Shedidn’tspeaktoanyone.Hefishedallday.Hedidn’tcatchanyting.Hedrovetwohundredmiles.Hedidn’tstop.Helefttherestaurant.Hedidn’tpaythebill.Shesatatthetable.Shedidn’3.Butthisdoesnotworryme.worryvt.使某人擔(dān)心worrysb/oneself(aboutsth/sb.)beworriedaboutsth.Thisdoesn'tworryme.Healwaysworrieshispartents.他總是使他父母擔(dān)心。Heisworryhimselfaboutthesick.=Heisworriedaboutthesick.vi.擔(dān)心...worryabout/over...Don'tworry.Takeiteasy.別擔(dān)心，放松點。She'salwaysworryingaboutherweight.她總是擔(dān)心自己的體重。3.Butthisdoesnotworryme.4.Insteadofcatchingfish,theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.insteadof...代替...,而不是...副詞詞組作狀語Insteadofcatchingfish,theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.Wewon'thavemeattoday.Instead,we'llhavefish.Assheissick,Isupposedtogoinsteadofher.taketheplaceof...代替...動詞詞組Assheissick,IsupposedtoletTomtaketheplaceofher.副詞4.Insteadofcatchingfish,theinsteadofdoing...theydid...沒有做...而是做...insteadofgoingtothecinema,hestayedathome.goshopping/gotothepark.readabook/readamagazine.gotoschool/gofishinghavedinnerathome/gototherestaurant.insteadofdoing...theydid...5.Iamevenlesslucky(thanthosefishermenwhoonlycatcholdbootsandrubbish).even甚至，強調(diào)語氣。lucky變成luckier/luckiest是指肯定時，這里加上less則變成否定。

=theyareluckierthanme.=Iamnotevenasluckyastheyare.5.Iamevenlesslucky(thantrubbishn.垃圾apileofrubbish一堆垃圾eg.Don’ttalkrubbish!別說廢話了！garbage1)（廚房里的）菜屑碎肉，殘羹剩肴，垃圾(Am.)2)（口）不足取的東西，愚蠢的想法garbagecan垃圾箱(Am.)dustin垃圾箱(Br.)garbagecollector垃圾收集清潔員dustman垃圾收集清潔員(Br.)garbagetruck垃圾車dustcart垃圾車(Br.)rubbishn.垃圾6.Afterhavingspentwholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohomewithanemptybag.現(xiàn)在完成時的動詞havespent名詞化后作介詞after的賓語。6.Afterhavingspentwholemor7.'Youmustgiveupfishing!’Myfriendssay.'It'sawasteoftime.'動名詞fishing作動詞短語giveup的賓語。

giveup放棄。例句：Don’tgiveuphope.Youshouldgiveupsmoking.7.'Youmustgiveupfishing!’8.Buttheydon'trealizeoneimportantthing.realize意識到。例句：Irealizethatit’sverylatenow.實現(xiàn)。例句：Hehasrealizedhisdream.8.Buttheydon'trealizeonei9.I'eresteda.有興趣的beinterestedin...對...感興趣，主語多為人interestinga.有趣的，主要形容某物或某人是有趣的Thisisaninterestingbook.Thebabyisinteresting.excitedandexcitingexciteda....是激動的，興奮的(多用于人，動物組織等)Thechildrenareallexcitedaboutopeningthepresents.

excitinga.令人激動的/興奮的（修飾的對人多為物）

Thatisanexcitinggame.那是一場令人興奮的比賽9.I'mnotreallyinterestedininterested和interestinginteresteda.有興趣的beinterestedin...對...感興趣，主語多為人interestinga.有趣的，主要形容某物或某人是有趣的Thisisaninterestingbook.Thebabyisinteresting.excitedandexcitingexciteda....是激動的，興奮的(多用于人，動物組織等)Thechildrenareallexcitedaboutopeningthepresents.

excitinga.令人激動的/興奮的（修飾的對人多為物）

Thatisanexcitinggame.那是一場令人興奮的比賽interested和interestingintere哪些地方要用動名詞？1.做主語時，用動名詞，表示抽象的，一般性的行為，強調(diào)事情本身e.g.Eatingisalwaysapleasure.吃總是件愉快的事。WatchingTVismyfavoritepastime.看電視是我最愛的業(yè)余愛好Readinginbedisabadhabit.躺在床上看書是個壞習(xí)慣。哪些地方要用動名詞？1.做主語時，用動名詞，表示抽象的，一2.動名詞做賓語，位于介詞,之后，或是和一些動動詞搭配Iamkeenon

cycling.我非常喜歡騎自行車。Sheisafraidof

stayinginthathousealone.她害怕單獨呆在那間屋子里。Heturnedofftheradio.Heleftthehouse.=Beforeheleftthehouse,heturned/hadturnedofftheradio.=Beforeleavingthehouse,heturned/hadturnedofftheradio.=Heleftthehouse,afterheturned/hadturnedofftheradio.=Heleftthehouse,afterturingofftheradio.2.動名詞做賓語，位于介詞,之后，或是和一些動動詞搭配IImustapologize.Iinterruptedyou.Imustapologizeforinterruptingyou.Imustapologizeforhavinginterruptedyou.Imustapologizefornotleavingyouinaquietplace.Hecongratulatedme.IwonthecompetitionHecongratulatedmeon(my)winningthe