境外承包工程《見索即付保函》基本知識(shí)12/7/20221-張德純-一、定義見索即付保函（也稱獨(dú)立、自治或首次索賠即付保函）是擔(dān)保人一項(xiàng)不可撤銷的承諾，根據(jù)申請(qǐng)人的指示發(fā)出，保證在保函確定的最高擔(dān)保金額內(nèi)，憑與保函規(guī)定條件相符的索賠文件，向受益人支付任何索賠金額?！秶?guó)際商會(huì)見索即付保函統(tǒng)一規(guī)則使用手冊(cè)》。保函是擔(dān)保被擔(dān)保人履約，而非擔(dān)保賠償因被擔(dān)保人違約所給受益人帶來(lái)的損失。12/7/20222-張德純-二、用途（一）用于貿(mào)易項(xiàng)目貨款的收付從屬費(fèi)用的收付投標(biāo)預(yù)付款履約維修租賃補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易12/7/20223-張德純-（二）用于工程項(xiàng)目投標(biāo)履約預(yù)付款維修關(guān)稅保付等（三）其它海事等等12/7/20224-張德純-三、特點(diǎn)不可撤銷性（避免使用“無(wú)條件”或類似字樣，或具有“無(wú)條件”作用的條款）獨(dú)立性——保函與基礎(chǔ)合同的法律關(guān)系，保函與反擔(dān)保的關(guān)系。12/7/20225-張德純-單據(jù)化條件（應(yīng)避免非單據(jù)化條件），表面相符，無(wú)需證實(shí)違約。即對(duì)提交給擔(dān)保人（反擔(dān)保人）的任何單據(jù)或者由此而提交的一般和/或特別聲明的格式、完整性、準(zhǔn)確性、真實(shí)性、是否為偽造，或法律效力，以及任何當(dāng)事方的善意、作為或疏漏的責(zé)任免于責(zé)任。該免責(zé)尤其適用于受益人根據(jù)第20條（a）款所必須提交的用于支持其索賠的違約聲明的準(zhǔn)確性。同樣也適用在反擔(dān)保項(xiàng)下，擔(dān)保人根據(jù)第20條（a）款所必須提交的聲明。12/7/20226-張德純-擔(dān)保履約。違約賠付，履約不賠，損失不賠。12/7/20227-張德純-四、分類（一）按獨(dú)立性和從屬性分1、獨(dú)立性：擔(dān)保人只能根據(jù)保函條款從形式上審核受益人的索賠是否與保函條款相符，而無(wú)義務(wù)調(diào)查被擔(dān)保人是否真正違約的事實(shí)。一旦審核相符，擔(dān)保人應(yīng)不延誤地支付保函項(xiàng)下的索賠金額，除非在付款前有被證實(shí)的欺詐存在，且由法院下達(dá)止付令。12/7/20228-張德純-除非保函另有特別規(guī)定，如“（XX名稱及X日期的基礎(chǔ)合同中規(guī)定的條款（仲裁條款）同樣適用于本保函且相應(yīng)構(gòu)成本保函不可分割的部分）”。出于同樣原因，擔(dān)保人不能期望根據(jù)基礎(chǔ)合同的進(jìn)度改變保函的金額，除非在保函中明確規(guī)定有關(guān)減額條款。即保函不依附于基礎(chǔ)合同、裁決和判決等。12/7/20229-張德純-

2、從屬性：從屬性保函是指發(fā)生索賠時(shí)，應(yīng)調(diào)查并根據(jù)履行基礎(chǔ)合同的真實(shí)情況，或依據(jù)仲裁庭的仲裁，或法院的判決結(jié)果來(lái)確定是否賠付，即從屬性保函的賠付并不是依據(jù)索賠書賠付。（不遵從“458”規(guī)則）12/7/202210-張德純-（二二））按按用用途途分分投標(biāo)標(biāo)履約約預(yù)付付款款維修修（（質(zhì)質(zhì)保保））其它它12/5/202211-張張德德純純-（三三））FIDIC（國(guó)國(guó)際際咨咨詢?cè)児すこ坛處煄熉?lián)聯(lián)合合會(huì)會(huì)的的法法文文縮縮寫寫））項(xiàng)項(xiàng)下下FIDIC適用用于于大大型型復(fù)復(fù)雜雜高高水水平平建建設(shè)設(shè)工工程程項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目目的的管管理理。。FIDIC項(xiàng)下下保保函函主主要要有有：：1、投投標(biāo)標(biāo)保保函函2、履履約約保保函函3、預(yù)預(yù)付付款款保保函函4、維維修修保保函函12/5/202212-張德德純-五、開開立方方式（一））直開開：承包商商與業(yè)業(yè)主簽簽訂基基礎(chǔ)合合同，，合同同規(guī)定定承包包商需需向業(yè)業(yè)主提提供銀銀行保保函；；承包商商向擔(dān)擔(dān)保行行提交交開立立保函函申請(qǐng)請(qǐng)；擔(dān)保行行接受受申請(qǐng)請(qǐng)后，，開立立保函函；業(yè)主銀銀行向向業(yè)主主通知知保函函。12/5/202213-張德德純-被擔(dān)保保人（承包包商））受益人人（業(yè)主主）擔(dān)保銀銀行通知行行①②③④12/5/202214-張德純純-（二）轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)開1、原因2、要點(diǎn)被擔(dān)保人人（承包商商）受益人（業(yè)主））反擔(dān)保行行擔(dān)保行①③②④12/5/202215-張德純純-3、流程：：（1）承包商商與業(yè)主主簽訂基基礎(chǔ)合同同，合同同規(guī)定承承包商需需向業(yè)主主提供銀銀行保函函；（2）承包商商向其銀銀行（反反擔(dān)保行行）提交交開立保保函申請(qǐng)請(qǐng)；（3）反擔(dān)保保行接受受申請(qǐng)后后，向業(yè)業(yè)主銀行行（擔(dān)保保行）開開立反擔(dān)擔(dān)保保函函，指示示擔(dān)保行行按指定定的格式式向業(yè)主主開立保保函。同同時(shí)，反反擔(dān)保行行對(duì)擔(dān)保保行提供供反擔(dān)保保；（4）擔(dān)保行行接受反反擔(dān)保行行的指示示，按指指定的格格式向業(yè)業(yè)主開立立保函。。12/5/202216-張德純純-（三）信信開（四）電電開12/5/202217-張德純-六、要素申請(qǐng)人受益人被擔(dān)保人（申申請(qǐng)人或申請(qǐng)請(qǐng)人的子公司司）12/5/202218-張德純-4、擔(dān)保目的（（保函種類））（1）投標(biāo)保函：：擔(dān)保被擔(dān)保保人在開標(biāo)前前不撤標(biāo)、不不改標(biāo)，在中中標(biāo)后按時(shí)遞遞交履約保函函和/或預(yù)付款保函函。否則，擔(dān)擔(dān)保人應(yīng)承擔(dān)擔(dān)賠付責(zé)任。。（2）履約保函：：擔(dān)保被擔(dān)保保人按時(shí)、按按質(zhì)、按量履履行基礎(chǔ)合同同的約定。否否則，擔(dān)保人人應(yīng)承擔(dān)賠付付責(zé)任。12/5/202219-張德純-（3）預(yù)付款保保函：擔(dān)保保被擔(dān)保人人按時(shí)、按按質(zhì)、按量量履行基礎(chǔ)礎(chǔ)合同的約約定。否則則，擔(dān)保人人應(yīng)履行退退款（本金金加利息））責(zé)任。（4）維修保函函：擔(dān)保被被擔(dān)保人按按時(shí)、按質(zhì)質(zhì)、按量對(duì)對(duì)工程進(jìn)行行維修。否否則，擔(dān)保保人應(yīng)承擔(dān)擔(dān)賠付責(zé)任任。12/5/202220-張德純-5、擔(dān)保金額額投標(biāo)保函：：一般為標(biāo)標(biāo)書金額的的5%左右。履約保函：：一般為基基礎(chǔ)合同金金額的15-20%左右。預(yù)付款保函函：以實(shí)際際收到的金金額數(shù)，且且一般不超超過(guò)基礎(chǔ)合合同金額的的15-20%左右。維修保函：：一般為基基礎(chǔ)合同金金額的5%左右。12/5/202221-張德純-6.索賠條款（1）直開時(shí)：：提交與第20條(a)款及保函條條款相符的的單據(jù)，及及必須在保函函到期前在在保函規(guī)定定的地點(diǎn)提提交索賠文文件。12/5/202222-張德純-458第20條：a)在保函項(xiàng)下下任何付款款要求均應(yīng)應(yīng)以書面做做成（保函函規(guī)定的其其它單據(jù)也也應(yīng)是書面面的），并并應(yīng)隨附文文字聲明予予以佐證（（無(wú)論是書書寫在索賠賠書上還是是單獨(dú)出具具一份或幾幾份附于索索賠書之后后均可），，該聲明應(yīng)應(yīng)陳述下列列情況：（i)申請(qǐng)人未履履行有關(guān)合合同項(xiàng)下應(yīng)應(yīng)盡義務(wù)；；或者，當(dāng)當(dāng)保函是投投標(biāo)保函時(shí)時(shí)，申請(qǐng)人人違反有關(guān)關(guān)招標(biāo)條件件；和（ii)申請(qǐng)人違約約的具體方方面b)……12/5/202223-張德純-原文：Article20a)AnydemandforpaymentundertheGuaranteeshallbeinwritingandshall(inadditiontosuchotherdocumentsasmaybespecifiedintheGuarantee)besupportedbyawrittenstatement(whetherinthedemanditselforinaseparatedocumentordocumentsaccompanyingthedemandandreferredtoinit)stating:（i)thatthePrincipalisinbreachofhisobligation(s)undertheunderlyingcontract(s)or,inthecaseofatenderguarantee,thetenderconditions;and（ii)therespectinwhichthePrincipalisinbreachb)……12/5/202224-張德純-下列描述已已能夠滿足足第20條a款中(i)和（ii）兩個(gè)層次次的要求：：“申請(qǐng)人因因基礎(chǔ)合同同未按時(shí)完完工而違約約?！笔芤嬉嫒瞬粦?yīng)被被要求再特特別說(shuō)明未未完工的部部分；“申請(qǐng)人因因根據(jù)基礎(chǔ)礎(chǔ)合同交付付的工程存存在缺陷而而違約?！薄笔芤嫒瞬徊粦?yīng)被要求求提供有關(guān)關(guān)缺陷的技技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)；；在投標(biāo)保函函的情況下下，“申請(qǐng)請(qǐng)人因未按按招標(biāo)條件件在到期前前提交一份份履約保函函而違約。?！被颍骸啊吧暾?qǐng)人因因未按招標(biāo)標(biāo)條件在到到期前簽定定合同而違違約?！?2/5/202225-張德純-（2）轉(zhuǎn)開時(shí)：：向反擔(dān)保人人提交索賠賠的擔(dān)保人人——同在保函項(xiàng)項(xiàng)下提交索索賠的受益益人一樣——只需提交與與第20條（b）款相符的的索賠，該該條款規(guī)定定：“反擔(dān)保項(xiàng)項(xiàng)下的任何何索賠書都都應(yīng)有一書書面聲明佐佐證，說(shuō)明明擔(dān)保人已已收到符合合保函有關(guān)關(guān)條款及本本條款規(guī)定定的索賠書書。”12/5/202226-張德純純-為此，擔(dān)擔(dān)保人只只需在索索賠或另另附的單單據(jù)中聲聲明：““我方已已收到與與我方保保函條款款及本條條款規(guī)定定相符的的索賠。?！睋?dān)保人不不應(yīng)被要要求：向反擔(dān)保保人提供供在保函函項(xiàng)下已已向受益益人實(shí)際際付款的的證據(jù)；；傳遞受益益人的索索賠、違違約聲明明及其它它任何所所附單據(jù)據(jù)（正本本或復(fù)印印件），，以作為為在反擔(dān)擔(dān)保項(xiàng)下下獲得支支付的前前提條件件；提供任何何證實(shí)的的單據(jù)、、項(xiàng)目或或數(shù)據(jù)，，或證實(shí)實(shí)受益人人在保函函項(xiàng)下提提交違約約聲明的的準(zhǔn)確性性。12/5/202227-張德純純-7、索賠地地點(diǎn)（1）直開：：在保函函失效前前提交至至在保函函出具地地的擔(dān)保保人。（2）轉(zhuǎn)開：：a)受益人在在保函失失效前提提交至在在保函出出具地的的擔(dān)保人人。b)擔(dān)保人（（轉(zhuǎn)開行行）在反反擔(dān)保保保函失效效前提交交至反擔(dān)擔(dān)保保函函出具地地的反擔(dān)擔(dān)保人。。12/5/202228-張德純純-8、索賠時(shí)時(shí)間（1）直開時(shí)時(shí)：受益人索索賠（2）轉(zhuǎn)開時(shí)時(shí)：a)受益人索索賠b)擔(dān)保行（（轉(zhuǎn)開行行）索賠賠時(shí)間較較受益人人索賠時(shí)時(shí)間滯后后15-20天左右。。12/5/202229-張德純純-9、索賠語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句要求付款款要求或付付款，或或展期12/5/202230-張德純-10、生效條款（1）投標(biāo)保函：：開出時(shí)生效效。（2）履約保函：：以基礎(chǔ)合同同生效日期和和履約保函開開立日期較晚晚者為保函生生效日期。（（有時(shí)，需要要受益人在接接受履約保函函時(shí)退回投標(biāo)標(biāo)保函）。12/5/202231-張德純-（3）預(yù)付款保函函：以保函指指定賬戶收到到預(yù)付款日為為預(yù)付款保函函生效日期，，以實(shí)際收到到的金額且不不超過(guò)保函擔(dān)擔(dān)保的最高金金額為限。12/5/202232-張德純-擔(dān)保人可以依依據(jù)以下兩種種方法確定預(yù)預(yù)付款保函生生效條件是否否已滿足，且且不超越擔(dān)保保人僅審核單單據(jù)的責(zé)任：：a)在預(yù)付款保函函條款中規(guī)定定預(yù)付款須支支付到申請(qǐng)人人在擔(dān)保人處處的賬戶上。。或b)規(guī)定申請(qǐng)人應(yīng)應(yīng)向擔(dān)保人提提交一份其已已收到預(yù)付款款的聲明，但但對(duì)業(yè)主不利利。12/5/202233-張德德純-預(yù)付款款保函函生效效條款款參考考格式式：ThisLetterofGuaranteeshallbecomeeffectivefromthedateonwhichthecontractoractuallyreceivestheadvancepaymentfromyouatitsaccountno.______withTHEEXPORT-IMPORTBANKOFCHINAQINGDAOBRANCH.TheamountsunderthisLetterofGuaranteeshallcorrespondtototalpaymentactuallyreceivedwhichnotexceedingintotalanamountof______(say:______)bythecontractorattheabovementionedaccountfromtimetotimeundertheContract.However,theavailableamountunderthisLetterofGuaranteeshallinnoeventexceedtheamountactuallyreceivedbythecontractorattheabovementionedaccount.較“458”示范格格式（（國(guó)際際商會(huì)會(huì)第503號(hào)出版版物））更為為嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)謹(jǐn)。12/5/202234-張張德德純純-（4）維維修修保保函函：：a)從項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目目建建設(shè)設(shè)完完工工日日即即項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目目監(jiān)監(jiān)理理工工程程師師頒頒發(fā)發(fā)工工程程移移交交證證書書之之日日起起（（自自此此日日起起項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目目進(jìn)進(jìn)入入檢檢修修期期或或調(diào)調(diào)試試期期））。。且且b)以維修保保函指定定賬戶收收到基礎(chǔ)礎(chǔ)合同規(guī)規(guī)定的尾尾款日為為生效日日期，以以實(shí)際收收到的金金額且不不超過(guò)保保函擔(dān)保保的最高高金額為為限。12/5/202235-張德純純-11、減額條條款（1）由于保保函與基基礎(chǔ)合同同是相互互獨(dú)立的的，所以以，擔(dān)保保金額不不可能根根據(jù)申請(qǐng)請(qǐng)人履行行義務(wù)的的情況而而自動(dòng)調(diào)調(diào)整。（2）減額條條款必須須在保函函中予以以規(guī)定。。12/5/202236-張德純純-（3）減額條條款必須須提供擔(dān)擔(dān)保人可可以衡量量的一種種減額方方式，該該方式不不應(yīng)要求求擔(dān)保人人對(duì)基礎(chǔ)礎(chǔ)合同的的履行進(jìn)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)驗(yàn)，因?yàn)闉檫@是影影響保函函獨(dú)立性性且易引引起爭(zhēng)議議的方式式。12/5/202237-張德純-“458”第8條為解決這一一問題提供了了答案：“保保函中可規(guī)定定金額遞減條條款，即在某某一日期或某某些日期，或或向擔(dān)保人提提交符合保函函規(guī)定意圖的的單據(jù)后，保保函的擔(dān)保金金額按一定數(shù)數(shù)額，或按可可確定數(shù)額減減少?！?2/5/202238-張德純-（4）保函條款款可規(guī)定按按照工程進(jìn)進(jìn)度，憑由由工程監(jiān)理理或其它無(wú)無(wú)利益關(guān)系系的、信譽(yù)譽(yù)可靠的第第三方簽發(fā)發(fā)的驗(yàn)收證證明等文件件遞減保函函的擔(dān)保責(zé)責(zé)任。遞減減方法：a)一次性遞減減（有利于于承包商））b)按比例遞減減（比較公公平）12/5/202239-張德純-（5）由誰(shuí)提交交證明文件件a)由受益人遞遞交的利弊弊b)由申請(qǐng)人遞遞交的利弊弊12/5/202240-張德純-（6）履約保函函項(xiàng)下的減減額：在工工程建設(shè)階階段已經(jīng)或或即將完成成時(shí)，憑項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目監(jiān)理工工程師頒發(fā)發(fā)的工程移移交證書可可以將保函函金額遞減減為零，或或遞減至可可以擔(dān)保承承包商履行行維修期間間的義務(wù)的的金額（一一般為5%左右右，，即即維維修修保保函函的的擔(dān)擔(dān)保保金金額額））。。12/5/202241-張張德德純純-12、失失效效條條款款保函函規(guī)規(guī)定定提提交交索索賠賠的的失失效效時(shí)時(shí)間間應(yīng)應(yīng)為為一一列列明明的的日日歷歷日日（（““失失效效日日期期””）），，或或向向擔(dān)擔(dān)保保人人提提交交為為失失效效之之目目的的所所規(guī)規(guī)定定的的單單據(jù)據(jù)（（““失失效效事事件件””））之之時(shí)時(shí)。。如如保保函函對(duì)對(duì)失失效效日日期期和和失失效效事事件件均均有有規(guī)規(guī)定定，，無(wú)無(wú)論論保保函函或或其其任任何何修修改改書書退退回回與與否否，，保保函函將將于于失失效效日日期期或或失失效效事事件件（（兩兩者者以以先先到到者者為為準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)））出出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)時(shí)時(shí)失失效效。。12/5/202242-張張德德純純-失效效事事件件有有如如下下例例：：投標(biāo)標(biāo)保保函函一一般般在在履履約約保保函函簽簽發(fā)發(fā)之之日日失失效效；；履約約保保函函一一般般在在受受益益人人簽簽發(fā)發(fā)發(fā)發(fā)貨貨證證明明時(shí)時(shí)，，或或監(jiān)監(jiān)理理工工程程師師簽簽發(fā)發(fā)移移交交證證書書時(shí)時(shí)失失效效；；關(guān)稅保函一般般在簽發(fā)免稅稅進(jìn)口貨物再再出口證明時(shí)時(shí)失效。12/5/202243-張德純-保函失效的四四種情況：（1）在保函到期期日后失效，，擔(dān)保金額為為零。（2）收到交接證證明（證書））日期和保函函到期日兩者者之間較早者者失效，擔(dān)保保金額為零。。（3）保函項(xiàng)下應(yīng)應(yīng)付金額為零零時(shí)，保函失失效。（4）受益人（轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)開時(shí)的擔(dān)保保銀行）和擔(dān)擔(dān)保銀行（轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)開時(shí)的反擔(dān)擔(dān)保銀行）均均同意撤銷保保函時(shí)，擔(dān)保保金額為零。。12/5/202244-張德純-13、到期日投標(biāo)保函：效效期為開標(biāo)日日后一個(gè)月左左右（可根據(jù)據(jù)評(píng)標(biāo)情況而而展期）。履約保函：效效期為基礎(chǔ)合合同規(guī)定的項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目完工日后后15-20天左右，或擔(dān)擔(dān)保責(zé)任余額額為零時(shí)。預(yù)付款保函：：與履約保函函相同。維修保函：需需求為基礎(chǔ)合合同規(guī)定的最最終維修日后后15-20天左右。12/5/202245-張德純-14、適用法律或或慣例（1）適用法律：：a)一般應(yīng)當(dāng)明示示（如依據(jù)““458”開立，則可不不明示）。b)FIDIC項(xiàng)下：一般要要求適用受益益人所在國(guó)或或地區(qū)的法律律。c)其它：可適用用中立第三國(guó)國(guó)或地區(qū)的法法律。12/5/202246-張德德純-d)按“458”規(guī)則開開立的的保函函，除除非保保函或或反擔(dān)擔(dān)保另另有規(guī)規(guī)定，，適用用擔(dān)保保人或或指示示方（（即反反擔(dān)保保人，，如轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)開時(shí)時(shí)）營(yíng)營(yíng)業(yè)所所在地地國(guó)家家或地地區(qū)的的法律律，并并由擔(dān)擔(dān)保人人或指指示方方（同同上））營(yíng)業(yè)業(yè)所在在地國(guó)國(guó)家或或地區(qū)區(qū)有管管轄權(quán)權(quán)的法法院解解決。。e)申請(qǐng)人人承擔(dān)擔(dān)外國(guó)國(guó)法律律和慣慣例強(qiáng)強(qiáng)制要要求擔(dān)擔(dān)保人人（反反擔(dān)保保中為為指示示方））承擔(dān)擔(dān)的所所有義義務(wù)。。12/5/202247-張德德純-（2）適用用慣例例：應(yīng)應(yīng)當(dāng)明明示a)合約保保函統(tǒng)統(tǒng)一規(guī)規(guī)則（（國(guó)際際商會(huì)會(huì)第325號(hào)出版版物，，1978年）b)見索即即付保保函統(tǒng)統(tǒng)一規(guī)規(guī)則（（國(guó)際際商會(huì)會(huì)第458號(hào)出版版物，，1992年）c)國(guó)際備備用信信用證證慣例例（ISP98）(國(guó)際商商會(huì)第第590號(hào)出版版物，，1998年)12/5/202248-張德德純-15、權(quán)益益的轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓（（Transfer）（1）新受受益人人a)保函權(quán)權(quán)益的的轉(zhuǎn)讓讓應(yīng)相相對(duì)于于基礎(chǔ)礎(chǔ)合同同的轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓。。新受受益人人應(yīng)是是經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓后后的基基礎(chǔ)合合同的的當(dāng)事事人。。b)保函權(quán)權(quán)益被被轉(zhuǎn)讓讓后，，擔(dān)保保人僅僅對(duì)新新受益益人承承擔(dān)相相應(yīng)責(zé)責(zé)任，，即只只有新新受益益人有有權(quán)向向擔(dān)保保人索索賠，，而不不對(duì)原原受益益人的的索賠賠承擔(dān)擔(dān)責(zé)任任。12/5/202249-張德德純-（2）不可可抗辯辯保函權(quán)益益轉(zhuǎn)讓后后，新受受益人的的權(quán)利和和義務(wù)由由適用法法律進(jìn)行行規(guī)范。。但是，保保函權(quán)益益轉(zhuǎn)讓通通常被認(rèn)認(rèn)為是放放棄了對(duì)對(duì)原受益益人可能能享有的的抗辯權(quán)權(quán)。例如如，在轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓后發(fā)發(fā)現(xiàn)原受受益人有有欺詐行行為，不不能用于于對(duì)抗善善意行事事的新受受益人。。有關(guān)保保函金額額也不能能因原受受益人的的結(jié)欠金金額而抵抵消，有有關(guān)原受受益人同同意開立立保函的的意愿和和能力方方面的瑕瑕疵也不不在考慮慮范圍之之內(nèi)。12/5/202250-張德純純-（3）保函權(quán)權(quán)益的轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓必須須獲得擔(dān)擔(dān)保人的的同意，，無(wú)論如如何不能能出具可可自由轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓的保保函。如如為可自自由轉(zhuǎn)讓讓的保函函，則鑒鑒于保函函的獨(dú)立立性，這這類保函函實(shí)際變變成了可可自由流流通的準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)票據(jù)，，通?？煽刹唤?jīng)通通知出具具人或原原受益人人即可流流通，使使擔(dān)保人人的擔(dān)保保責(zé)任與與保函項(xiàng)項(xiàng)下的支支付分割割開來(lái)（（即與是是否履約約無(wú)關(guān)）），且往往往會(huì)被被不法分分子利用用。12/5/202251-張德純純-16、款項(xiàng)的的讓渡（（Assignment）（1）受益人人沒變。。只有保保函出具具時(shí)的受受益人有有權(quán)索賠賠。（2）如果受受益人通通知了款款項(xiàng)讓渡渡，擔(dān)保保人應(yīng)在在賠付時(shí)時(shí)將款項(xiàng)項(xiàng)付給受受讓渡人人而非受受益人。。（3）擔(dān)保人人向受讓讓人的支支付義務(wù)務(wù)以及確確定有關(guān)關(guān)讓渡是是否有效效，應(yīng)取取決于適適用的法法律，而而不是URDG。12/5/202252-張德純純-（4）可能的的抗辯a)款項(xiàng)讓讓渡的的受讓讓人不不是保保函的的當(dāng)事事人，，不能能向擔(dān)擔(dān)保人人索賠賠。b)款項(xiàng)讓讓渡的的受讓讓人的的地位位并不不優(yōu)于于受益益人。。因此此，擔(dān)擔(dān)保人人對(duì)受受益人人可能能提出出的抗抗辯對(duì)對(duì)受讓讓人對(duì)對(duì)款項(xiàng)項(xiàng)讓渡渡的權(quán)權(quán)利也也同樣樣適用用。c)無(wú)需經(jīng)經(jīng)過(guò)擔(dān)擔(dān)保人人的同同意。。12/5/202253-張德德純-七、其其它注注意事事項(xiàng)1、對(duì)開開（1）為公公平起起見，，明確確雙方方責(zé)任任。（2）避免免因缺缺乏對(duì)對(duì)對(duì)方方的約約束，，使其其不履履行相相關(guān)責(zé)責(zé)任，，導(dǎo)致致被擔(dān)擔(dān)保人人違約約。2、保函函條款款應(yīng)與與基礎(chǔ)礎(chǔ)合同同（或或標(biāo)書書）主主要內(nèi)內(nèi)容不不矛盾盾。12/5/202254-張德德純-3、“出出具””不同同于““生效效”。。（1）出具具：出出具后后立即即對(duì)擔(dān)擔(dān)保人人產(chǎn)生生約束束力并并不可可撤銷銷，但但不一一定立立即生生效。。（2）生效效：須須到保保函中中特別別約定定的日日期或或事件件發(fā)生生后，，保函函方才才生效效。保保函生生效后后，受受益人人才能能提出出索賠賠。12/5/202255-張德德純-4、“見見索即即付””不等等于““見索索必付付”5、“無(wú)無(wú)條件件”：：意味味無(wú)論論承包包商是是否違違約，，業(yè)主主一旦旦提出出要求求，擔(dān)擔(dān)保人人必須須立即即付款款，而而不需需業(yè)主主提供供任何何違約約情節(jié)節(jié)?！啊盁o(wú)條條件””對(duì)業(yè)業(yè)主有有利，，但增增大了了承包包商的的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)。故故在保保函實(shí)實(shí)務(wù)中中應(yīng)取取消““無(wú)條條件””字樣樣。12/5/202256-張德純-6、欺詐國(guó)際商會(huì)設(shè)設(shè)立“458”第20條的考慮。。7、敞口（1）效期敞口口（2）金額敞口口12/5/202257-張德純-8、申請(qǐng)人賠賠償擔(dān)保人人“因外國(guó)國(guó)法律或慣慣例付諸實(shí)實(shí)施而產(chǎn)生生的所有義義務(wù)和責(zé)任任”（“458”第14條c款）。9、應(yīng)避免不不要求提供供任何違約約聲明，使使保函或反反擔(dān)保成為為僅憑索賠賠書付款的的準(zhǔn)本票。。12/5/202258-張德純-10、應(yīng)避免要要求受益人人提交遠(yuǎn)期期匯票，并并由擔(dān)保人人或反擔(dān)保保人（轉(zhuǎn)開開時(shí)）對(duì)其其承兌（票票據(jù)流通轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓），從從而形成擔(dān)擔(dān)保人不僅僅在保函項(xiàng)項(xiàng)下要承擔(dān)擔(dān)擔(dān)保責(zé)任任，而且還還要承擔(dān)票票據(jù)法項(xiàng)下下的相關(guān)責(zé)責(zé)任。11、以受益人人退回保函函，從而使使保函失效效的做法，，對(duì)擔(dān)保人人和申請(qǐng)人人的影響。。12/5/202259-張德純-八、草擬見索即即付保函及及反擔(dān)保的的基本原則則1、做出正確確選擇選擇是開立立獨(dú)立性保保函，還是是從屬性保保函。2、起草保函函時(shí)始終圍圍繞所做出出的選擇。。3、條款盡可可能清晰清晰的措辭辭是不需通通過(guò)法律進(jìn)進(jìn)行解釋的的。12/5/202260-張德純-九、實(shí)務(wù)案案例PERFORMANCESECURITYTO:NameandAddressoftheEmployerTENDERNo.xxxxxxWHEREAS(theNameandAddressoftheEmployer)(hereinaftercalledthe"Employer")hasawardedtheContractfortheconstructionofvariousworksreferredtointhistenderasthe'xxxxxx'(hereinaftercalledthe"Contract")to:(theNameandAddressofcontractor)(hereinaftercalledthe"Contractor")....12/5/202261-張德純-ANDWHEREAStheContractorisboundbythesaidContracttosubmittotheEmployeraPerformanceSecurityforatotalamountoftenpercent(10%)oftheTenderSum,namely:USD(infigures):XXXXXXUSD(inwords):XXXXXX12/5/202262-張德德純-NOWWETHEUNDERWRITERS,thelegalrepresentativesofABCBANKLTD（業(yè)主主銀行行）.(hereinaftercalledthe"Guarantor"),andfullyauthorisedtosignandincurobligationsinthenameoftheGuarantor,herebydeclarethattheGuarantorwillpaytheEmployerthefullamountoftheSecuritystatedabove.12/5/202263-張德德純-AftertheContractorhasbeennotifiedoftheawardofcontractbytheEmployer,theGuarantorisengagedtopaytheEmployeranyamountuptoandinclusiveoftheaforementionedfullamountuponwrittenorderfromtheEmployertoindemnifytheEmployerforanyliabilityordamageresultingfromthedefectsorshortcomingsoftheContractororthedebtshemayhaveincurredtoanypartiesinvolvedintheworksundertheContractmentionedabove,whetherthesedefectsorshortcomingsordebtsareactualorestimatedorexpected.TheGuarantorshalldeliverthemoneyrequiredbytheEmployerimmediatelywithoutdelayandwithoutthenecessityofapreviousnoticeorjudicialoradministrativeproceduresandwithoutitbeingnecessarytoprovetotheGuarantorthedefectsorshortcomingsordebtsoftheContractor.12/5/202264-張德德純-TheSecurityisvalidfortheentireConstructionandDefectsLiabilityPeriodsandanytimeextensionsapprovedbytheEmployer,anduntil30daysaftertheContractorhasreceivedfromtheEngineeraDefectsLiabilityCertificateforthewholeoftheWorks,unlesstheGuarantorisadvisedinwritingbytheEmployerbeforeexpirationofthesaidthirty(30)daysofhisintentiontoinstituteclaimsandtheparticularsthereof,inwhicheventthisSecurityshallremaininforceuntilsuchclaimsarepaidorsettled.12/5/202265-張德德純-TheTimeforCompletionoftheWorksandtheDefectsLiabilityPeriodarerespectivelytwentyfour(24)monthsandtwelve(12)months.AccordinglytheearliestexpirydateofthePerformanceSecurityis3rdDecember2011.IntheeventtheworksarenotcompletedwithintheaforesaidTimeforCompletiontheEmployershallnotifytheGuarantorwhoherebyundertakestoextendthevalidityofthePerformanceSecuritytothedatenotifiedbytheEmployer12/5/202266-張德德純-TheGuarantorherebywaivestherighttopriornoticeofanyalterationofthetermsoftheContract,extensionoftime,orotherindulgence,whichmightbegrantedtotheContractorbytheEmployer12/5/202267-張德純純-TheGuarantoracknowledgesandacceptstherightoftheEmployertotransferthisSecuritytoanypersonwhomtherightsoftheEmployerundertheContractmaybelawfullyassigned.12/5/202268-張德純純-TheGuarantorundertakestofurnishtotheEmployerfromtimetotimeasandwhenrequested,reportsastoitsfinancialconditions。12/5/202269-張德純純-ForallmattersthatarenotclearlyprovidedforinthisSecuritythelaw,whichshallgoverntheSecurity,andinaccordancewithwhichtheSecurityistobeconstrued,shallbethelawoftheRepublicofABC（受益人人國(guó)家名名稱）.IntheeventofanydisputebetweenthepartiestothisSecurity,theGuarantoragreesthattheCourtsoftheRepublicofABC（受益人人國(guó)家名名稱）shallhavejurisdictiontodeterminethedispute,andtheGuarantorshallsubmittothejurisdictionoftherelevantcourtoftheRepublicofABC.12/5/202270-張德純純-TheGuarantoracknowledgesandacceptsthatanylegalsuitunderthisSecurityshallbeinstitutedbeforetheexpirationofone(1)yearfromthedatewhichthefinalpaymentundertheContractfallsdue,andthisSecurityirrespectiveofthepreviouslyspecifiedvalidityperiodshallbebindingforthesettlementofanyaward.12/5/202271-張張德德純純-十、、““458””保函函示示范范格格式式（（國(guó)國(guó)際際商商會(huì)會(huì)第第503號(hào)出出版版物物））1、投投標(biāo)標(biāo)保保函函BANK’’SNAME,ANDADDRESSOFISSUINGBRANCHOROFFICEBeneficiary___(nameandaddress)___Date_______________12/5/202272-張德純純-TENDERGUARANTEENo.__________Wehavebeeninformedthat______(hereinaftercalled““thePrincipal”),respondingtoyourinvitationtotenderNo.______dated______forthesupplyof______(descriptionofgoodsand/orservices),hassubmittedtoyouhisofferNo.______dated______.Furthermoreweunderstandthat,accordingtoyourconditions,offersmustbesupportedbyatenderguarantee.12/5/202273-張德純純-AttherequestofthePrincipal,we___(nameofbank)___herebyirrevocablyundertaketopayyouanysumorsumsnotexceedingintotalanamountof______(say:______)uponreceiptbyusofyourfirstdemandinwritingandyourwrittenstatementstating:i.thatthePrincipalisinbreachofhisobligation(s)underthetenderconditions;andii.therespectinwhichthePrincipalisinbreach.12/5/202274-張德德純-Yourdemandforpaymentmustalsobeaccompaniedbythefollowingdocument(s):(specifydocument(s)ifany,ordelete)Thisguaranteeshallexpireon______atthelatest.12/5/202275-張德德純-Consequentlyanydemandforpaymentunderitmustbereceivedbyusatthisofficeonorbeforethatdate.ThisguaranteetosubjecttotheUniformRulesforDemandGuarantees,ICCPublicationNo.458.12/5/202276-張德德純-2、預(yù)付付款保保函BANK’’SNAME,ANDADDRESSOFISSUINGBRANCHOROFFICEBeneficiary___(nameandaddress)______Date_______________12/5/202277-張德德純-ADVANCEPAYMENTGUARANTEENo.__________Wehavebeeninformedthat______(hereinaftercalled““thePrincipal””),hasenteredintocontractNo.______dated______withyou,forthesupplyof(descriptionofgoodsand/orservices).12/5/202278-張德德純-Furthermoreweunderstandthat,accordingtotheconditionsofthecontract,anadvancepaymentinthesumof______isbemadeagainstanadvancepaymentguarantee.12/5/202279-張德純-AttherequestofthePrincipal,we(nameofbank)______herebyirrevocablyundertaketopayyouanysumorsumsnotexceedingintotalanamountof______(say:______)uponreceiptbyusofyourfirstdemandinwritingandyourwrittenstatementstating:12/5/202280-張德純-thatthePrincipalisinbreachofhisobligation(s)undertheunderlyingcontract;andtherespectinwhichthePrincipalisinbreach.12/5/202281-張德純純-Yourdemandforpaymentmustalsobeaccompaniedbythefollowingdocument(s):(specifydocument(s)ifany,ordelete)12/5/202282-張德純純-ItisconditionforanyclaimandpaymentunderthisguaranteetobemadethattheadvancepaymentreferredtoabovemusthavebeenreceivedbythePrincipalonhisaccountnumber______at(nameandaddressofbank).12/5/202283-張德純純-Thisguaranteeshallexpireon______atthelatest.Consequentlyanydemandforpaymentunderitmustbereceivedbyusatthisofficeonorbeforethatdate.12/5/202284-張德純純-ThisguaranteetosubjecttotheUniformRulesforDemandGuarantees,ICCPublicationNo.458.12/5/202285-張德純純-3、履約保保函BANK’SNAME,ANDADDRESSOFISSUINGBRANCHOROFFICEBeneficiary___(nameandaddress)___Date_______________12/5/202286-張德純純-PERFORMANCEGUARANTEENo.__________Wehavebeeninformedthat______(hereinaftercalled““thePrincipal”),hasenteredintocontractNo.______dated______withyou,forthesupplyof(descriptionofgoodsand/orservices).12/5/202287-張德純-Furthermoreweunderstandthat,accordingtotheconditionsofthecontract,aperformanceguaranteeisrequired.12/5/202288-張德純-AttherequestofthePrincipal,we(nameofbank)______herebyirrevocablyundertaketopayyouanysumorsumsnotexceedingintotalanamountof______(say:______)uponreceiptbyusofyourfirstdemandinwritingandyourwrittenstatementstating:12/5/202289-張德純-i.thatthePrincipalisinbreachofhisobligation(s)undertheunderlyingcontract;andii.therespectinwhichthePrincipalisinbreach.12/5/202290-張德純-Yourdemandforpaymentmustalsobeaccompaniedbythefollowingdocument(s):(specifydocument(s)ifany,ordelete)Thisguaranteeshallexpireon______atthelatest.12/5/202291-張張德德純純-Consequentlyanydemandforpaymentunderitmustbereceivedbyusatthisofficeonorbeforethatdate.ThisguaranteetosubjecttotheUniformRulesforDemandGuarantees,ICCPublicationNo.458.12/5/202292-張德德純-4、留置置金保保函BANK’’SNAME,ANDADDRESSOFISSUINGBRANCHOROFFICEBeneficiary___(nameandaddress)___Date_______________12/5/202293-張德純純-RETENTIONMONEYGUARANTEENo.__________Wehavebeeninformedthat______(hereinaftercalled“thePrincipal”),hasenteredintocontractNo.______dated______withyou,forthesupplyof(descriptionofgoodsand/orservices).12/5/202294-張德純-Furthermoreweunderstandthat,accordingtotheconditionsofthecontract,retentionmoneyinthesumof______coveringthePrincipal’’swarrantyobligationswillbereleasedagainstaretentionmoneyguarantee.12/5/202295-張德純-AttherequestofthePrincipal,we(nameofbank)______herebyirrevocablyundertaketopayyouanysumorsumsnotexceedingintotalanamountof______(say:______)uponreceiptbyusofyourfirstdemandinwritingandyourwrittenstatementstating:12/5/202296-張德純-i.thatthePrincipalisinbreachofhisobligation(s)undertheunderlyingcontract;andii.therespectinwhichthePrincipalisinbreach.12/5/202297-張張德德純純-Yourdemandforpaymentmustalsobeaccompaniedbythefollowingdocument(s):(specifydocument(s)ifany,ordelete)12/5/202298-張張德德純純-ItisconditionforanyclaimandpaymentunderthisguaranteetobemadethattheretentionmoneypaymentreferredtoabovemusthavebeenreceivedbythePrincipalonhisaccountnumber______at(nameandaddressofbank).12/5/202299-張張德德純純-Thisguaranteeshallexpireon______atthelatest.Consequentlyanydemandforpaymentunderitmustbereceivedbyusatthisofficeonorbeforethatdate.ThisguaranteetosubjecttotheUniformRulesforDemandGuarantees,ICCPublicationNo.458.12/5/2022100-張張德德純純-（5）要求代代理行根根據(jù)反擔(dān)擔(dān)保開立立投標(biāo)保保函的指指示INSTRUCTIONSTOACORRESPONDENTBANKFORTHEISSUEOFATENDERGUARANTEEAGAINSTACOUNTER--GUARANTEE12/5/2022101-張德純純-TEXTOFINSTRUCTIONSOurreferencenumber_____________Attherequestof_____________pleaseissueonourresponsibilityinfavourof______yourguaranteeinthefollowingwording:12/5/2022102-張德純純-QuoteWehavebeeninformedthat_____(hereinaftercalled“thePrincipal”),respondingtoyourinvitationtotenderNo._____dated_____forthesupplyof______(descriptionof/goodsand/orservices),hassubmittedtoyouhisofferNo.______dated______.12/5/2022103-張德純純-Furthermoreweunderstandthat,accordingtoyourconditions,offersmustbesupportedbyatenderguarantee.AttherequestofthePrincipal,we(nameofbank)______herebyirrevocablyundertaketopayyouanysumorsumsnotexceedingintotalanamountof_____(say:______)uponreceiptbyusofyourfirstdemandinwritingandyourwrittenstatementstating:12/5/2022104-張德德純-ThatthePrincipalisinbreachofhisobligation(s)underthetenderconditions;andTherespectinwhichthePrincipalisinbreach.Yourdemandforpaymentmustalsobeaccompaniedbythefollowingdocument(s):(specifydocuments)ifany,ordelete)Thisguaranteeshallexpireon______atthelatest.12/5/2022105-張德德純-Consequentlyanydemandforpaymentunderitmustbereceivedbyusatthisofficeonorbeforethatdate.ThisguaranteetosubjecttotheUniformRulesforDemandGuarantees,ICCPublicationNo.458.Unquote12/5/2022106-張德德純-Inconsiderationofyourissuingyourguaranteeasabove,weherebygiveyouourirrevocablecounter-guaranteeandundertaketopayyouanysumorsumsnotexceedingintotalanamountof_____(say:_________________)uponreceiptbyusatthisofficenolaterthan______ofyourfirstwrittendemand.SuchdemandshallbesupportedbyyourwrittenstatementthatyouhavereceivedademandforpaymentunderyourguaranteeinaccordancewithitstermsandwithArticle20oftheUniformRulesforDemandGuarantees.12/5/2022107-張德純-Thiscounter-guaranteeissubjecttotheUniformRulesforDemandGuarantees,ICCPublicationNo.458.Pleaseconfirmtoustheissuanceofyourguarantee.12/5/2022108-張德德純-Note:Instructionsaregiven,usuallybyauthenticatedteletransmissionortestedelectronicdatainterchange(EDI)messageequivalentthereto,bybanksactingasInstructingPartiesfortheissueofGuaranteesbyotherbanksactingasGuarantors.Alternativelyinstructionsmaybegivenonpaper.12/5/2022109-張張德德純純-（6）要要求求代代理理行行根根據(jù)據(jù)反反擔(dān)擔(dān)保保開開立立預(yù)預(yù)付付款款保保函函的的指指示示INSTRUCTIONSTOACORRESPONDENTBANKFORTHEISSUEOFAADVANCEPAYMENTGUARANTEEAGAINSTACOUNTER--GUARANTEE12/5/2022110-張德純純-TEXTOFINSTRUCTIONSOurreferencenumber_____________Attherequestof_____________pleaseissueonourresponsibilityinfavourof______yourguaranteeinthefollowingwording:12/5/2022111-張德純純-QuoteWehavebeeninformedthat_____(hereinaftercalled“thePrincipal”),hasenteredintocontractNo._____dated_____withyou,forthesupplyof______(descriptionof/goodsand/orservices).12/5/2022112-張德純純-Furthermoreweunderstandthat,accordingtotheconditionsofthecontract,anadvancepaymentinthesumof_______istobemadeagainstanadvancepaymentguarantee.AttherequestofthePrincipal,we(nameofbank)______herebyirrevocablyundertaketopayyouanysumorsumsnotexceedingintotalanamountof_____(say:______)uponreceiptbyusofyourfirstdemandinwritingandyourwrittenstatementstating:12/5/2022113-張德純純-ThatthePrincipalisinbreachofhisobligation(s)undertheunderlyingcontract;andTherespectinwhichthePrincipalisinbreach.Yourdemandforpaymentmustalsobeaccompaniedbythefollowingdocument(s):(specifydocuments)ifany,ordelete)ItisaconditionforanyclaimandpaymentunderthisguaranteetobemadethattheadvancepaymentreferredtoabovemusthavebeenreceivedbythePrincipalonhisaccountnumberat_______(nameandaddressofbank)Thisguaranteeshallexpireon______atthelatest.12/5/2022114-張德純-Consequentlyanydemandforpaymentunderitmustbereceivedbyusatthisofficeonorbeforethatdate.ThisguaranteetosubjecttotheUniformRulesforDemandGuarantees,ICCPublicationNo.458.Unquote12/5/2022115-張德純-Inconsiderationofyourissuingyourguaranteeasabove,weherebygiveyouourirrevocablecounter-guaranteeandundertaketopayyouanysumorsumsnotexceedingintotalanamountof_____(say:_________________)uponreceiptbyusatthisofficenolaterthan______ofyourfirstwrittendemand.SuchdemandshallbesupportedbyyourwrittenstatementthatyouhavereceivedademandforpaymentunderyourguaranteeinaccordancewithitstermsandwithArticle20oftheUniformRulesforDemandGuarantees.12/5/2022116-張德純-Thiscounter-guaranteeissubjecttotheUniformRulesforDemandGuarantees,ICCPublicationNo.458.Pleaseconfirmtoustheissuanceofyourguarantee.12/5/2022117-張德純-（7）要求代理理行根據(jù)反反擔(dān)保開立立履約保函函的指示INSTRUCTIONSTOACORRESPONDENTBANKFORTHEISSUEOFAPERFORMANCEGUARANTEEAGAINSTACOUNTER--GUARANTEE12/5/2022118-張德純-TEXTOFINSTRUCTIONSOurreferencenumber_____________Attherequestof_____________pleaseissueonourresponsibilityinfavourof______yourguaranteeinthefollowingwording:12/5/2022119-張德純-QuoteWehavebeeninformedthat_____(hereinaftercalled““thePrincipal”),hasenteredintocontractNo._____