閱讀理解“Aliecantravelhalfwayaroundtheworldbeforethetruthcangetitsboots(靴子)on.”saidMarkTwain.Intoday’sInternetworldof“fake(假的)news,”liesspreadevenfasterandthetruthishavingtroublefindingitsboots.Tomakemattersworse,mostyoungpeoplegetnewsfromsocialmediasiteswherefactsaremixedwithrumors(謠言),half-truthsandcompletelies.Thishasledtoyoungpeoplebecomingconfused.InthelatestPISA,whichtested15-year-oldsworldwideonacademicsubjects,fewerthanoneintenoftheexamineeswerereportedtobeabletorecognizefactfromopinion.AStanfordUniversitystudyshowedthatstudentsatalllevelsofeducationcouldnottelltealnewsfromfakenews.Inoneinstance,80percentthoughtthatapaidadvertisementwasarealnewsstory.Fakenewsisspreadbypeoplewhohaveaprejudice(偏見).Theywanttoinfluencepublicopinioneitherfororagainstsomethingorsomeone.Itisimportant,then,foryoungpeopletorecognizewhentheyarebeingusedandtobedoubtfulaboutonlineinformation.Traditionalmedia,suchasnewspapersandtelevision,arestillthemorecrediblesourcesofinformation.Reportersareprofessionaltrainedtolookforfacts,andeditorshavethejobofmakingsurethosefactsarecorrect.However,ifyouaregettingmostofyourinformationonline,youhavetobeyourowneditor.Inthatcase,thefirstthingtodoistolookatthewriterofapost.Isthispersonknowntobeobjective?Doesthesitewhereyoureadtheposthaveaprejudice?Next,lookforothersourcesfrommainstreammediatomakesuretheinformation.Inotherwords,byputtingonyourtruthbootsyouwon’tbefooledintochasinglies.1．Whatdoesthewritersayaboutyoungpeoplewithnewsaround?A．Theymakefakenewsandspreadit. B．Theyareeasilyfooledbyfakenews.C．Theygetworriedabouttheireducation. D．Theycanrecognizefactsfromopinions.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“credible”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Primary. B．Realistic.C．Believable. D．Important.3．Accordingtothewriter,whatcanhelpusavoidbeingfooledbyfakenews?A．Onlylookfornewsthroughmedia.B．Becomeaprofessionalandtrainedreporter.C．Comparethenewsfromdifferentsources.D．focusonthenewinsteadofthewriter.4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．WhatShouldaReporterDo?B．WhoMakesandSpreadsFakeNew?C．HowCanWeBecomeaNewspaperEditor?D．HowCanWeStayObjectiveinReadingNews?Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干擾)inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus.”Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout(布局).ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhismethodworks.Theresearchexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipants(參與者)astheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupswithvariouslevelsofnoiseinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels(分貝),70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupsweresosmallthattheycouldbeignored;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—wheretherewasalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchattinginacoffeeshop—performedbetterthantheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone’screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowork,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof“distractedfocus”appearstobethebestforworkingoncreativetasks.Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan’tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers’conversationswhilewe’retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-facecommunicationsandconversationsinfluencethecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.5．Whydoesthewritermentionhisinterviewatthestartofthepassage?A．Toadvertiseforoneofhisnewbooks.B．Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.C．Toshowhisconfusionabouttheinterview’sactions.D．Toexpresstheinterviewer’sannoyanceoverhisopenoffice.6．WhatdoesParagraph2tellusabouttheresearch?A．Theoryoftheresearch. B．Placeoftheresearch.C．Resultsoftheresearch. D．Methodoftheresearch.7．Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?A．85decibels. B．70decibels.C．50decibels. D．Totalsilence.8．Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?A．Constantinterruptions. B．Limitedworkingspace.C．Personalprivacyunprotected. D．Inconvenienceofgroupdiscussion.MomandIwereabouttofinishcookingdinner,andmylittlenieceJessicacameintosetthetable.Insteadofgoingtothedishdrawer,shewenttothepantrywheretherewasastackofold,mismatcheddinnerplatesonthebottomshelf.MomworkedforthelocalCouncilonAgingasahousekeeper.Shedidmanyofthelittlethingsthatallowedelderlypeopletostayintheirownhomes.Mostofherclients(客戶)gotMealsonWheels,aserviceinthe1970s.Theyreceivedahotlunchandacoldsnacktohavelaterintheevening.Thisisreallynotverymuchfood.EveryeveningMomwouldmaketo-gomealsonthesemismatchedplatescoveredwithaluminumfoil(鋁箔紙),andthendeliverthemtothepeoplewhosheknewdidn’tgetenoughtoeat.Itwasabouttenyearsbeforemicrowaveovensbecamecommon,soitwasimportantthatthefoodbeonaplatethatcouldbereheatedinaregularoven.Insteadofacoldsandwichandmacaronisalad,Mom’sclientsdinedonBeefManhattans,pan-friedchickenormeatloaf,alongwithveggiesandapieceofpieorcake.MomandDaddidthisevenafterMomleftherjob,andMomcontinuedafterDad’sdeathuntilallherformerclientshadeitherpassedawayormovedout.WhenIwascleaningoutMom’shouseafterherdeath,Ikeptoneasasouvenir(紀念品).WheneverIlookatit,Iwillalwaysrememberthelessonsofunselfishnessandcaringforone’sneighborsthatweremodeledformebymyparents.9．Whatdidtheauthor’smotherdotoearnalivinginthe1970s?A．Shewasahousewife. B．SheranMealsonWheels.C．Shedeliveredfoodtohouses. D．Shedidhouseworkfortheold.10．Whydidtheauthor’smothermaketo-gomeals?A．Itwasherjob. B．Shewasgoodatcooking.C．Shewantedtohelpbeyondherduty. D．Herfamilydidn’thaveenoughtoeat.11．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’smother?A．Kindandconsiderate. B．Thoughtfulandcreative.C．Responsibleandproud. D．Traditionalandhardworking.12．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewriterinthefuture?A．Shewouldselloutallhermother’soldplates.B．Shewoulddonicethingsforhercommunity.C．Shewouldrunarestaurantforthehomeless.D．ShewouldbecomeaclientintheMealsonWheels.Essay(短文)CompetitionTheaimofthiscontestistoencouragegreatstudentwritersandtogivethemhelpintheirstudies.PrizesOneGrandPrizewinnerwillreceive:$1,000incash:theessaypublishedinourmagazine’sMay2024issue;aninterviewwithourmagazine’sauthor.TenFirstPlacewinnerswillreceive:$500incash;theirnamesandessaytitleslistedinourmagazine’sMay2024issue.FiftyHonorableMentionWinnerswillreceive:a$50giftcardtoouronlineshop.Requirements*Thelengthoftheessayshouldbebetween500-700words.*Writeanessayonthetopicof:HowFoodAffectsOurMood.*Pleasewriteaboutthreereasonsforbelievinginyourthesis(論點)statementintheformofbodyparagraphsandbackupyourreasonswithpracticalevidencefromrelatedsources.*Donotwriteaboutyourselfanddon’texplainwhyyoudeserve(值得)towintheprizes.DeadlinesEarly--BirdDeadline:May4,2023--Freefortheentry.Deadline:June5,2023--$5fortheentry.ProlongedDeadline:July22,2023-$10fortheentry.13．WhatwilltheFirstPlacewinnersberewardedwith?A．Gettingtheiressayspublishedinthemagazine.B．Havingtheiressaystitleslistedinthemagazine.C．Receivingagiftcardtotheparticularonlineshop.D．Gaininganopportunitytomeetthemagazine’sauthor.14．Whichofthefollowingmeetstherequirementsforthecompetition?A．Writinganessayofmorethan800words.B．Handinginanessayaboutfoodnutrition.C．Expressingyourstrongdesiretogettheaward.D．Supportingyourreasonswithbelievableevidence.15．Wherecanyouprobablyfindthispassage?A．Onaschoolnoticeboard. B．Inasciencepaper.C．Inanewspapereditorial. D．Inanencyclopedia.May19marksthe12thChinaTourismDay.Cwillholda24-hourlives-tream(直播)event，takingworldwideaudiencesonavirtualjourneythroughoutthecountry.Takeanonlinetourofthe“PandaKingdom”inSichuanWolongNationalNatureReserve(保護區(qū))，knownasthe“PandaKingdom”liesinthehighmountainsofSouthwestChina’sSichuanProvince.It’sanationaloverallnaturereservethatmainlyprotectsrarewildlifeandforests.WatchLIVE:9am,May19DiscoveraChina“BeyondYourImagination”Withmorethan5,000yearsofhistory?9.6millionsquarekilometersoflandareaandrichresources，Chinahasanamazingamounttooffer.Youcanfindamazingnaturallandscapes(風(fēng)景)andvariouslifestyles，aswellasmouthwateringfood.DiscovertherealChinahere.WatchLIVE:1pm，May19BestplacestovisitinChinaFromtheForbiddenCityinBeijingtotheCityWallinXi5annorthwestChina’sShaanxiProvince，fromthemausoleumofMingDynasty(1368-1644)emperorZhuYuanzhanginNanjing,eastChina’sJiangsuProvince，totheShapotouscenicspotinnorthwestChina’sNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegion,andthebeautifulQinghaiLakeinnorthwestChina’sQinghaiProvince...Wheredoyouthinkisthebestplacetotravel?WatchLIVE:8pmMay1916．Whenshouldyouwatchtheeventifyou’reinterestedinpandas?A．1pm,May19. B．10am,May19.C．9am,May19. D．8pm,May19.17．WhatcanyouseeinDiscoveraChina“BeyondYourImagination”?A．Thelovelypandas. B．Thedeliciousfood.C．TheForbiddenCity. D．Traditionalmusicanddances.18．Wherecanthetextbefound?A．Onatouristwebsite. B．Insciencefiction.C．Inabiography. D．Inscientificresearch.Forcenturies,thebody’sbloodhasbeenlinkedcloselywiththeemotions(情緒).Peoplewhoshownohumanemotionsorfeelings,aresaidtobe“cold-blooded”.Forexample,thepolicearesearchingforacold-bloodedkiller.Heseemstokillfornoreasonandnoemotion,asiftakingsomeone’slifeasnothing.Coldcaninfluenceotherpartsofthebody.However,theexpression“getcoldfeet”hasnothingtodowithcoldoryourfeet.Theexpressionmeansbeingafraidtodosomethingyouhavedecidedtodo.Forexample,youagreetobepresidentofanorganization.Butthenyoulearnthatalltheothermembershaveresigned(辭職),andalltheworkoftheorganizationwillbeyourresponsibility.Youarelikelytogetcoldfeetaboutbeingpresidentwhenyouunderstandthesituation.Theexpression“givesomeonethecoldshoulder”probablycomesfromthephysicalactofturningyourbacktowardsomeone,insteadofspeakingtohimfacetoface.Youmaygiveacoldshouldertoafriendwhohasnotkeptapromise.Or,tosomeonewhohasliedaboutyoutoothers.“Acoldfish”isnotafish.Itisaperson.Butitisapersonwhoisunfriendly,andshowsnoloveorwarmth.Acoldfishdoesnotoffermuchofhimselftoanyone.Someonewhoisacoldfishcouldbe“cold-hearted”.Nowacold-heartedpersonissomeonewhohasnosympathy.Severalpopularsongsinrecentyearswereaboutcold-heartedmenorcold-heartedwomenwho,withoutfeelings,broketheheartsoftheirlovers.“Outinthecold”meansnotgettingsomethingthateverybodyelsegot.Apersonmightsaythateverybodyexcepthimgotapayraise(漲工資).Hewasleftoutinthecold.Anditisnotapleasantplacetobein.19．Whenyourefusetospeaktoafriendlyingtoyou,youmayexpressby“________”.A．Igivehimthecoldshoulder B．Ithinkheisacold-bloodedmanC．Ithinkheisacoldfish D．I’mlikelytogetcoldfeet20．IfSueshowsabsolutelynofeelingstothosepicturesofpoorhungrychildreninAfrica,whatwillyousay?A．Sheisacoldfish. B．Sheisoutinthecold.C．Sheisacold-bloodedkiller. D．Shegetscoldfeet.21．Whichexpressioncanweusetodescribeamanhurtinghisloverwithoutmercy?A．Cold-blooded. B．Coldshoulder. C．Coldfeet. D．Cold-hearted.22．Howmanyexpressionsrelatedtotheword“cold”arementionedinthepassage?A．5 B．6 C．7 D．8Recentlyaccordingtoanewresearch，humanshavehadalinktostarches(含淀粉的食物)forupto120,000years—that’smorethan100,000yearslongerthanwe’vebeenabletoplanttheminthesoilduringthetimeoftheIceAge’sdrawingtoanend.TheresearchispartofanongoingstudyintothehistoryofMiddleStoneAgecommunities.AninternationalteamofscientistsidentifiedevidenceofprehistoricstarchconsumptionintheKlasiesRiverCave,inpresent-daySouthAfrica.Analyzingsmall,ashy,undisturbedhearths(壁爐)insidethecave,theresearchersfound“piecesofburnedstarches”rangingfromaround120,000to65,000yearsold.Itmadethemtheoldestknownexamplesofstarcheseatenbyhumans.Thefindingsdonotcomeasacompletesurprise—butratheraswelcomeconfirmationofoldertheoriesthatlackedtherelatedevidence.TheleadauthorCynthiaLarbeysaidthattherehadpreviouslyonlybeengenetic(基因的)biologicalevidencetosuggestthathumanshadbeeneatingstarchforthislong.Thisnewevidence,however,takesusdirectlytothedinnertable,andsupportsthepreviousassumptionthathumans，digestiongenesgraduallyevolvedinordertofitintoanincreaseddigestionofstarch.Co-authorSarahWurzsaid,“ThestarchremainsshowthattheseearlyhumanslivingintheKlasiesRiverCavecouldbattleagainsttheirtoughenvironmentandfindsuitablefoodsandperhapsmedicines.Andasmuchasweallstilldesirethetubers(塊莖),thesecavecommunitiesweregrillingstarchessuchaspotatoesontheirfoot-longhearths.Theyknewhowtobalancetheirdietsaswellastheycould,withfatsfromlocalfishandotheranimals.”Asearlyasthe1990s,someresearchersstartedtostudythehearthsintheKlasiesRiverCave.ScientistHilaryDeaconfirstsuggestedthatthesehearthscontainedburnedplants.Atthetime,thepropermethodsofexaminingtheremainswerenotyetavailable.Wenowknowhumanbeingshavealwaysbeensearchingfortheirdesiredthings.23．Whendidhumansbegintofarmstarches?A．AftertheIceAge.B．AftertheMiddleStoneAge.C．About20,000yearsago.D．About100,000yearsago.24．Accordingtothescientists,whatdotheremainsintheKlasiesRiverCaveshow?A．SouthAfricaoncehadrichsoiltogrowcropsB．hearthswerewidespreadinearlyhumanhistoryC．earlyhumanspossiblydroveawayanimalsbyfireD．settlerstheremighthaveusedfiretocookstarches25．Whatwasthepreviousassumptionofstarches?A．Starchdietpromotedfoodculture.B．Starchdietshapedhumans’evolution.C．Starcheshadavarietyoffunctions.D．Starchesofferedhumansrichnutrition.26．WhatcanwelearnabouttheearlyhumansdescribedbySarahWurz?A．Theyweresmartandtough.B．Theypreferredplantstomeat.C．Theyweregenerallyveryhealthy.D．Theygotalongwitheachother.Runningcanbeapolarizing(兩極分化的)subject.Mostpeoplefallintooneoftwocamps:thosewholoverunningeverymorning,andthosewhowouldsoonerdoanythingtoavoidit.Formostofmylife,Iwasplantedinthesecondcamp.Ialwayshatedrunning.Atage12,Irememberenteringaneighborhood5Kwithmydad;Ialsorememberplacingdeadlast,followedbyonlythepolicecardrivingpatientlybehindme.Threeyearslater,Ididn’tmakethejuniorvolleyballteambecauseIcouldn’trunamileinunder10minutes.EverytimeIran,Ifeltasthoughfailure—insomeformoranother—wastheonlypossibleresult.Thesummeraftermyfreshmanyear,though,ItookajobatasummercampinConnecticut,whereIgotpaidtobeakidagain.Ispentmydayskeepinganeyeondifferentcampactivities.Whenitcametoexercise,runningwasmyonlychoice.So,Imademyselfapromise:Everyday,Iwouldrunforawhile.Bymostrunners’standards,itwasn’tfar;Iguesseditwasonlyaboutamile.ButIdecidedtodoiteveryday,nomatterhowlongittook.Theexerciselastedfor61days—theentiretimeIspentatcampthatsummer.Istartedtofeelbetteraboutmyself.Buttomygreatsurprise,Ilearnedtoloverunning,too.Iwentfromfearingthesporttolovingit.I’vefinishedsevenmarathons(馬拉松)andmoreshorterracesthanIcanremember,andnowIamarunningcoach.ThesewerethesecretsIdiscoveredtochangingmywayoflookingatlife.27．Whatwastheauthor’sattitudetorunningatfirst?A．Hedeeplylovedit.B．Herefusedtodoit.C．Hewasuninterestedinit.D．Hethoughtitwasawasteoftime.28．Whatcanwesayabouttheauthorfromparagraph2?A．Hedidn’tliketodoanysport.B．Hedidn’tbelievehecoulddosports.C．Hedidn’tdowellinrunning-relatedsports.D．Hedidn’tjoininthevolleyballteamonpurpose.29．Whatdecisiondidtheauthormakeinthecamp?A．Toruneveryday.B．Todoapart-timejob.C．Tofullyrelaxhimselfinthecamp.D．Totakepartindifferentactivities.30．Howdoestheauthorlookatrunningafterthecamp?A．Itisadifficultthingtodo.B．Ithasbecomeaboringsport.C．Itmakesadifferencetohim.D．Ithaslittleeffectonhim.ManypeoplespendmorethanfourhoursperdayonWeChat,anditisredefiningtheword“friend.”Doesfriendingsomeoneonsocialmediamakehimorheryourfriendinreallife?RobinDunbar,aprofessoratOxfordUniversity,foundthatonly15,ofthe150Facebookfriendstheaverageuserhas,couldbecountedasactualfriendsandonlyfiveasclosefriends.WeChatmayshowasimilarpattern.Thosewithwhomyouattendedacoursetogether,appliedforthesamepart-timejob,wenttoapartyandintendedtocooperatebutfailedtakeupmostofyourWeChatfriends.Inchatrecords,theonlymessagemaybeasystemnotice,“Youhaveacceptedsomebody’sfriendrequest”.Sometimeswhenseeingsomephotossharedon“Moments”,youevenneedseveralminutestothinkaboutwhenyoubecamefriends.Also,youmaybedisturbedbymassmessages(群發(fā)信息)sentfromyourunfamiliar“friends”,includingrequestsforvotingfortheirchildrenorfriends,linksfromP(aChinesee-commerceplatformthatallowsuserstobuyitemsatlowerpricesiftheypurchaseingroups)andcookie-cutter(千篇一律的)blessingsinholidays.Youwouldhavethoughtaboutdeletingthistypeof“friends”andsortoutyourconnections.Butactuallyyoudidnotdothatasyouweretaughtthatsocialnetworkingisvaluabletoone’ssuccess.Besides,itwouldbereallyawkwardiftheyfoundthatyouhaveunfriendedthemalready.Then,youkeepincreasingyour“friends”insocialmediaandclick“l(fā)ike”onsomepicturesthatyouarenotreallyinterested.Butthefactisthatdeepemotionalconnectionsdonotcomewiththeincreasingnumberofyourfriendsinsocialmedia.Ifthenumberofyourfriendsreaches150,maintainingtheserelationshipscanbetoughtoyou,andsometimesevenwillmakeyouanxious.AccordingtoRobinDunbar,150isthelimitofthenumberofpeoplewithwhomonecanmaintainstablesocialrelationships.31．WhatcanwelearnfromRobinDunbar’sfindinginParagraph2?A．AFacebookuserhas250friendsonaverage.B．Mostofthesocialmediafriendscanbeactualfriends.C．Amongoursocialmediafriends,onlyafewpeoplematter.D．Only15peopleofaperson’sFacebookfriendscanbeclosefriends.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inPara.4referto?A．RemovingunfamiliarfriendsinWeChat.B．StrengtheningtieswithyourWeChatfriends.C．Keepingincreasingyourfriendsinsocialmedia.D．Clicking“l(fā)ike”onpicturespostedbyyourfriends.33．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Wewillbeanxiousifwemakefriendsonline.B．Weshouldavoidmakinganyfriendsinsocialmedia.C．Weshouldmakeasmanyfriendsaspossibleinsocialmedia.D．Wehavedifficultymanagingrelationshipswithover150people.You’veprobablyheardofsheepdogsthatguardsheep.ButonasmallislandoffthecoastofAustralia,thesespeciallytrainedlittledogsprotectfairypenguins(企鵝)fromfoxes.About800littlebluepenguinsoncenestedonAustralia’sMiddleIsland.Theyarethesmallestspeciesofpenguinintheworld.By2015,therewerefewerthan10leftontheisland.TheproblemstartedwhenpeoplebroughtredfoxestoAustraliainthe1800s.ThefoxesmadetheirwaytoMiddleIslandandbegankillingoffpenguinsandothernativewildlife.Localofficialswonderedwhatcouldbedone.In2014,alocalfarmernamedAllanMarshhadanidea.HeadvisedtrainingMaremmasheepdogstoprotectthepenguins.Atthattime,Marshwasusingthedogsonhisfarmtoguardhischickensfromfoxes.Atfirst,localofficialssaidnototheplanbecausetheydidn’tthinkitwouldwork.Buttheychangedtheirmindswhenthepenguinshadalmostcompletelydisappeared.“Thegovernmentwouldn’tlistentomeuntilitgotdowntosixpenguins,”MarshtoldTheNewYorkTimes.ThefirstsheepdogwenttoworkonMiddleIslandin2016,anddogshavebeenondutyeversince.Thedogsbarkatandgoafterfoxestofrightenthemaway.Thankstothesheepdogs,thenumberoffairypenguinsonMiddleIslandhasincreased.Today,closeto200penguinsliveontheisland.Infact,officialsreportthatnopenguinhasbeenkilledsincethedogswereonthejob.EudyandTula,thetwodogsguardingMiddleIsland,arenow8yearsold.Theyarealmostreadytoretire(退休).Localgroupsaretryingtoraise$25,000neededtobuyandtraintwonewdogs.34．Whydidthelittlepenguinsalmostcompletelydisappear?A．Theredfoxeshuntedthem.B．Localofficialsdidn’tsupporttheprotectionplan.C．Thedogscouldn’tprotectthem.D．Peopledestroyedtheirlivingenvironment.35．Howmanylittlepenguinsarelivingontheislandnow?A．Morethan25,000. B．About800. C．About200. D．Fewerthan10.36．Whatnewproblemwillthepenguinsbefacedwith?A．Therearetoomanyofthemontheisland.B．Thetwodogsaretoooldtoguardthem.C．TheywilldisappearonMiddleIslandsoon.D．Thetwonewdogswon’tbehired.37．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?.A．Sheepdogsonlyguardsheep.B．Localofficialsdidn’tagreewithMarsh’splanfinally.C．ThefirstsheepdogappearedonMiddleIslandin2006.D．SheepdogscanreallyprotectpenguinsonMiddleIsland.參考答案1．B2．C3．C4．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹說，通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)假新聞比真新聞傳播得更快。某些網(wǎng)站混雜著事實和謠言，讓年輕人難以分辨真假。因此，年輕人應(yīng)該警惕被帶有偏見的假新聞傳播者利用。為獲得真實的新聞，建議人們選擇更專業(yè)的傳統(tǒng)媒體，或者在網(wǎng)上獲取新聞時對其進行判斷和確認。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thishasledtoyoungpeoplebecomingconfused.InthelatestPISA,whichtested15-year-oldsworldwideonacademicsubjects,fewerthanoneintenoftheexamineeswerereportedtobeabletorecognizefactfromopinion.AStanfordUniversitystudyshowedthatstudentsatalllevelsofeducationcouldnottelltealnewsfromfakenews.Inoneinstance,80percentthoughtthatapaidadvertisementwasarealnewsstory.(這導(dǎo)致年輕人變得困惑。最新的PISA測試了全球15歲學(xué)生的學(xué)術(shù)科目，據(jù)報道，只有不到十分之一的考生能夠從意見中認清事實。斯坦福大學(xué)的一項研究表明，各級教育的學(xué)生無法區(qū)分假新聞和假新聞。在一個例子中，80%的人認為付費廣告是一個真實的新聞故事)”可知，面對各種各樣的新聞，年輕人很困惑，大多數(shù)無法辨別新聞的真?zhèn)?，可得出年輕人很容易被假新聞愚弄。故選B。2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段本句“Traditionalmedia,suchasnewspapersandtelevision,arestillthemorecrediblesourcesofinformation.

(傳統(tǒng)媒體，如報紙和電視，仍然是更credible信息來源)”和后句“Reportersareprofessionaltrainedtolookforfacts,andeditorshavethejobofmakingsurethosefactsarecorrect.(記者是經(jīng)過專業(yè)訓(xùn)練來尋找事實的，而編輯的工作是確保這些事實是正確的)”可知，記者是經(jīng)過專業(yè)訓(xùn)練來尋找事實的，而編輯的工作是確保這些事實是正確的，可知傳統(tǒng)媒體，如報紙和電視是可信的，劃線處和C項：Believable(可信的)含義相近。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Next,lookforothersourcesfrommainstreammediatomakesuretheinformation.Inotherwords,byputtingonyourtruthbootsyouwon’tbefooledintochasinglies.(其次，從主流媒體尋找其他來源，確保信息。換句話說，穿上真實的靴子，你就不會被騙去追逐謊言)”可知，比較來自不同來源的新聞可以幫助我們避免被假新聞愚弄。故選C。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Itisimportant,then,foryoungpeopletorecognizewhentheyarebeingusedandtobedoubtfulaboutonlineinformation.(因此，對年輕人來說，重要的是要意識到他們什么時候被利用了，并對網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息持懷疑態(tài)度)”可知，年輕人很容易被假新聞愚弄；根據(jù)文章最后一段“However,ifyouaregettingmostofyourinformationonline,youhavetobeyourowneditor.Inthatcase,thefirstthingtodoistolookatthewriterofapost.Isthispersonknowntobeobjective?Doesthesitewhereyoureadtheposthaveaprejudice?Next,lookforothersourcesfrommainstreammediatomakesuretheinformation.Inotherwords,byputtingonyourtruthbootsyouwon’tbefooledintochasinglies.(然而，如果你的大部分信息都是從網(wǎng)上獲得的，你就必須自己做編輯。在這種情況下，首先要做的是查看帖子的作者。這個人為人客觀嗎?你讀這篇文章的網(wǎng)站有偏見嗎?其次，從主流媒體尋找其他來源，確保信息。換句話說，穿上真實的靴子，你就不會被騙去追逐謊言)”說明可以幫助我們避免被假新聞愚弄的方法。D項：HowCanWeStayObjectiveinReadingNews?(我們?nèi)绾卧陂喿x新聞時保持客觀)符合本文主旨。故選D。5．B6．D7．B8．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了開放式辦公室不受歡迎的原因和噪音分貝對人們影響。5．推理判斷題。第一段中作者講述了一位采訪者告訴作者，他深受開放性辦公室噪音的干擾，以至于不得不在街對面的聯(lián)合辦公空間辦了會員。這讓作者感到不解。畢竟，聯(lián)合辦公空間通常也采用開放式辦公布局。下文作者用他最近看到的一項研究解釋說明了其原因。由此推知，作者在文章的開頭提到他的采訪是為了引出本文的話題。故選B項。6．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Theresearchexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipants(參與者)astheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupswithvariouslevelsofnoiseinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels(分貝),70decibels,and85decibels.(研究人員在參與者完成創(chuàng)造性思維測試時，對他們進行了不同程度的噪音測試。他們被隨機分為四組，放在不同的背景噪音水平下。噪音水平從完全安靜到50分貝、70分貝和85分貝)”可知，第二段主要介紹了研究的方法。故選D項。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—wheretherewasalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchattinginacoffeeshop—performedbetterthantheothergroups.(然而，70分貝組的參與者表現(xiàn)得比其他組更好，他們的噪音水平類似于咖啡店里的聊天背景聲)”和第四段“Thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone’screativethinkingability.(該研究還表明，適當(dāng)程度的背景噪音——不要太吵，也不要完全沉默——實際上可能提高一個人的創(chuàng)造性思維能力)”可知，70分貝的那組參與者表現(xiàn)好于其他組，所以70分貝的噪音背景環(huán)境更有可能促進創(chuàng)造性思維能力。故選B項。8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan’tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers’conversationswhilewe’retryingtofocus.(那么，為什么這么多人討厭開放式辦公室呢？問題可能在于，在辦公室里，當(dāng)我們試圖集中注意力時，我們無法阻止自己被卷入別人的談話中)”可知，不斷的被打擾讓很多人不喜歡開放式辦公室。故選A項。9．D10．C11．A12．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了媽媽為老年人提供幫助的故事。父母的慷慨和對鄰居的關(guān)心為作者樹立了榜樣。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Momworked