人教版高一英語定語從句全面講解與練習人教版高一英語定語從句全面講解與練習人教版高一英語定語從句全面講解與練習xxx公司人教版高一英語定語從句全面講解與練習文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設計，管理制度定語從句定語：定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用‘……的’表示。例如acleverboytheboilingwaterfallenleaves Theboyintheclassroomneedsapen.Themanstandingthereismyteacher.定語從句：一個句子充當定語Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepen.單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。Ⅰ.概念：

(1)定語從句：在主從復合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞后面。

(2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。

(3)關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的詞，并代替先行詞在從句中擔任一定的成分。分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。(4)定語從句基本構(gòu)成：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句

A)關(guān)系詞的作用：

1)引導定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當于一個連詞；

2)必在從句中作某個句子成份（可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語）1.ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.2.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.3.Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.4.I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.B)簡單句變定語從句例1：ThegirlisMary.Thegirlisstandingthere.Thegirl(whoisstandingthere)isMary.如何改寫定語從句?1、找準主句和從句，并找出兩個簡單句的共有成分，確定先行詞。2、將從句中的共有成分去掉。3.找準關(guān)系詞，用關(guān)系詞引導從句剩下的部分，并緊接在被修飾詞（先行詞）之后。例2：Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.例3：ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.C)定語從句選擇關(guān)系詞三步曲：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）；第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。Ⅱ.幾個關(guān)系代詞的基本用法：

●that:可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。(指人時，相當于who或whom；指物時，相當于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語從句;不可置于介詞后作賓語)如：1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主語)

2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow

3.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.（賓語）

4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout

5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.

●which:指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語如：1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主語）2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（賓語）3.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（表語）●who,whom,whose:

who:主格,在從句中作主語，在口語或非正式用法中作賓語;只可指人

whom:賓格，在從句中作賓語;只可指人

whose:屬格，在從句中作定語，可指人也可指物。

Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.（主語）

Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代詞如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)

He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.（賓語）

=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.

Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.（指人）

I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.（指物）whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich(物)=ofwhich(物)+the+n.

=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhom(人)=ofwhom(人)+the+n.

=I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.注意：定語從句中的謂語動詞的單復數(shù)于先行詞保持一致Thisisoneofthebestbooksthathaveeverbeenwritten.Heisoneofthestudentswhostudyhardatschool.當one前面有theonly等限定詞和修飾語時,定語從句的謂語動詞要與one保持一致而取單數(shù)形式例如Thisistheonlyoneofthebestbooksthathaseverbeenwritten.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhostudieshardatschool.Ⅲ.幾個易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較:

●宜用that,而不宜用which的情況.

①先行詞為不定代詞表示物,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,

②先行詞被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等詞修飾時。

③先行詞是序數(shù)詞時或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。

④先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時。.

⑤先行詞既有人又有物，用which和who都不適合，這時宜用that.如：

⑧主句是Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that作關(guān)系代詞.如：

1.Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.

⑨被修飾成分為表語時，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時,該關(guān)系代詞宜用that.2.Myhomevillageisnolongertheplace(that)itusedtobe.●定語從句中宜用which而不宜用that的情況:

①當關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時.

1.Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.

②在非限制性定語從句中.

1.Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.

2.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.(which指代主句)

(B)who&that:

●who和that指代人時，有些情況宜用who,而不宜用that

①先行詞為anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people時.如：.

②在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who指代人.如：1.Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.Ⅳ.關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句:

●When指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。定語從句中when=in/on/atwhich,其先行詞是表時間的名詞（如：time,day,week,tear,month,etc.）

Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.（作狀語）

IshallneverforgetthedaywhenShenZhouⅤwaslaunched,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.（作賓語）

Nextwinterwhich/thatyou'llspendinHarbin,I'msure,willbeexciting.●Where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。定語從句中where=in/on/atwhich,其先行詞是表示地點的名詞，如：place,school,factory,room,etc.

Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.（作狀語）

ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.

Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.（作賓語）

Iliveintheroomwhichwasboughtbymyfather.Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.

He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe'slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.●Why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。先行詞為reason時，可用forwhich指代；如：That’sthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslate.Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.

Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.（作賓語）

Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess（作主語）當先行詞為way時，關(guān)系詞在句中作狀語時，定語從句常用that,inwhich引導，that?？梢允÷浴ay后的定語從句的引導詞不用時較多。但如果關(guān)系詞在句中作主語或賓語時，則用which或that引導。如:Thisistheway(that)

/inwhich

Idosuchthings.比較:Pleasedotheexperimentintheway（that/which）Ihaveshownyou.V.介詞+關(guān)系代詞考點

1.基本考點考點1簡單介詞+關(guān)系代詞

引導定語從句時，that和who不能用于介詞之后，能用于介詞＋關(guān)系代詞引導定語從句的代詞只有which和whom?？疾椤敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句，關(guān)系代詞前該選什么樣的介詞，要根據(jù)不同的語境、詞組搭配、習語、慣用法等來決定,歸納起來介詞的選擇主要依據(jù)如下幾點：①介詞與定語從句的先行詞搭配。如：ThefarmonwhichIonceworkedhastakenonanewlook．(onthefarm)②介詞與從句中動詞搭配。如：Whoisthemanwithwhomourteacherisshakinghands(shakehandswithsb.)Inthedarkstreettherewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(turntosb.forhelp)③介詞與定語從句中的形容詞搭配,如：Thewestlake,forwhichHangZhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.（befamousfor）④根據(jù)句子的意思來決定,此時不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。Waterisveryimportantforuswithoutwhichwecan’tlive.(2004遼寧)Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%ofwhicharesoldabroad．（2006遼寧）Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsstudyingChineseintheschool,mostofwhomwerefromGermany.Theoldmanhastwodaughters．Bothofthemaredoctors．那位老人有兩個女兒，她們都是醫(yī)生。③as常用在asweallknow；asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpected等結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：一般譯為"正如""就像"，"這一點"

Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作賓語)

=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作主語）

=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.

=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow.（as作賓語）Jackhaswonthefirstprize,asoftenhappens.像往常一樣，Jack得了一等獎。訓練題匯總

◆EX1用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空.1.

Iwillneverforgettheday__________Ifirstwenttoschool.

Iwillneverforgettheday

__________wespentinBeijing.2.Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.

Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.◆Ex2選擇適當?shù)拇~填空，注意非限制性定語從句和單句的比較。1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.◆EX3思考:用五種方式（定語從句）翻譯句子

這是他工作的工廠。1.Thisisthefactory________

heworks.

2.Thisisthefactory

________heworks.3.Thisisthefactory________heworksin.

4.Thisisthefactory

________heworksin.5.Thisisthefactory________heworksin.◆EX4思考:介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況

介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況（1）

The