Qi,BloodandBodyfluid氣、血和津液DepartmentofTraditionalChineseMedicineQi,BloodandBodyfluid氣、血?dú)獾诙?jié)一彭丹鳳Partoneqi氣第二節(jié)一彭丹鳳PartoneqiQI（氣）

Concept（概念）Formation（生成）Function（功能）Movement（運(yùn)動(dòng)）

Types（分類）QI（氣）Concept（概念）Concept（概念）Philosophicalconcept：Qireferstoallthetinysubstancesinexistenceintheuniversewhichisexercisingcontinuouslyandimmaterial,itisthesamefountainheadintheuniverse.哲學(xué)概念：指存在與宇宙之中的不斷運(yùn)動(dòng)且無形可見的極細(xì)微物質(zhì)，是宇宙萬物的共同構(gòu)成本源。Concept（概念）PhilosophicalconcConcept（概念）Medicinalconcept：Qireferstotheverysmallsubstanceinexistenceinthehumanbodywhichexercisescontinuouslyandbefullofenergy,itisoneofthefundamentalsubstancesconstitutingthehumanbodyandmaintainingitslifeactivities.

醫(yī)學(xué)概念：是人體內(nèi)活力很強(qiáng)、運(yùn)行不息的極精微物質(zhì)，是構(gòu)成人體和維持人體生命活動(dòng)的基本物質(zhì)之一。Concept（概念）Medicinalconcept：Qcongenitalqi（先天之精氣）

freshairinhaledfromthenaturalworld（自然界的清氣）

cerealessence（水谷之精氣）

QiinthehumanbodyFormation（生成）kidneyslungspleencongenitalqifreshairinhaledFunction（功能）A.PromotingActionofQi（推動(dòng)功能）Qi,asasortofrefinedsubstancefullofvigour,playsapromotingandactivatingroleinthegrowthanddevelopmentofthehumanbody,thephysiologicalactivitiesofthezang-fuorgansandmeridians,theproductionandcirculationofblood,aswellastheproduction,distributionandexcretionofbodyfluid.B.WarmingActionofQi（溫煦功能）

Whetherman'sbodytemperatureisnormalornotdependsonthewarmingactionofqi.Onlythroughthewarmingactionofqicanallzang-fuorgans，meridiansandotherstructuresperformtheirnormalfunctionalactivities,andcansuchliquidsubstancesasbloodandbodyfluidcirculatenormally.Function（功能）A.PromotingActioFunctionC.DefendingActionofQi（防御功能）

Qihasdefendingfunctiontodefendthebodysurfaceagainsttheexogenouspathogensandtocombatwiththeinvadedexogenouspathogenstodrivethemoutofthebody.D.ControllingActionofQi

（固攝功能）

a:Keepingthebloodflowingwithinthevesselstopreventitfromextravasatingwithoutreason.

b:Controllingandregulatingthesecretionandexcretionofsweat,urine,sperm,saliva,gastrointestinaljuices,etc,tomaintainarelativebalanceofwatermetabolism.c:Firmingtheinternalorgansintheirnormalpositionswithoutprolapse.FunctionC.DefendingActionofFunctionE.ActionofQiTransformation（氣化功能）

Qitransformationmaybedefinedasvariouskindsofchangesbroughtaboutbythemovementofqi.Concretelyspeaking,itreferstotherespectivemetabolismofessence,qi,bloodandbodyfluidandtheirreciprocaltransformation.

Forinstance,foodistransformedintoqi,bloodandbodyfluid;bodyfluidareconvertedintosweatandurinebymetabolizing,andtheresiduesoffood,afterdigestionandabsorption,areturnedintofecestobedischargedfromthebody.

Alltheseprocessesareallthespecificmanifestationsoftheactionofqitransformation.Toputitbriefly,qitransformationisactuallytheprocessinwhichthesubstancesinthebodyaremetabolizedandintertransformed.FunctionE.ActionofQiTransfMovement（運(yùn)動(dòng)）Conceptof“qiji”

：

TheMovementofQiisknownas“qiji”

氣機(jī)的概念：氣的運(yùn)動(dòng)稱為氣機(jī)B.

Qihasfourbasicmovementforms:

ascending（升）

descending（降）

exiting

（出）

entering（入）Movement（運(yùn)動(dòng)）Conceptof“qiji”Theascending,descending,exitingandenteringofqiaremainlyembodiedinthephysiologicalactivitiesofthezang-fuorgans,meridiansandotherprocessesofmetabolism.Movement（運(yùn)動(dòng)）Forexample,thelunggovernsrespiration,exhalingpertainstoexiting,inhalingtoentering;anddispersingpertainstoascending,loweringtodescending.Thespleensendstheclearupwardandthestomachpassestheturbiddownward.Soallkindsofphysiologicalactivitiesinthehumanbody,essentially,arereflectedinthefourmovementsofqi.

Theascending,descendcongenitalqi（先天之精氣）primordialqi(元?dú)?

pectoralqi(宗氣)defensiveqi(衛(wèi)氣)

nutritiveqi(營氣)QiinthehumanbodyTypes（分類）freshairinhaledfromthenaturalworld（自然界之清氣）cerealessence（水谷之精氣）congenitalqiprimordialqipectprimordialqi（元?dú)猓㊣tistheprimarymotiveforceoflifeactivities.Primordialqiderivesfromthecongenitalessencestoredinthekidney,anddependsontheacquiredessenceregeneratedbythespleenandstomach.B.pectoralqi（宗氣）

Itisaccumulatedinchest.Pectoralqiperformstwomainfunctions.Oneistravelingthroughtherespiratorytracttopromoterespirationandthesufficiencyorinsufficiencyofpectoralqiinfluencestheconditionsofthevoice、speechorbreathandsoon.Theotherisrunningthroughtheheart-meridianstopromotethecirculationofqiandblood.Distributionandfunction（分布與功能）primordialqiItistheprimaryD.defensiveqi（衛(wèi)氣）Defensiveqirunsoutsidethebloodvessels.Ithasthefollowingfunctions:protectingthebodysurfaceagainstexogenouspathogens,controllingtheopeningandclosingofthepores,adjustingtheexcretionofsweat,warmingandnourishingthezang-fuorgans,musclesandtheskinwithhairs,etc,maintainingarelativelyconstantbodytemperature.C.nutritiveqi（營氣）Nutritiveqiistheqithatcirculatestogetherwithbloodinthevessels.Itoriginatesfromthepurepartofcerealessencetransformedbythespleenandstomachandbearsresponsibilityforthebloodproductionandthenutritionofthewholebody.Distributionandfunction（分布與功能）D.defensiveqiDefensiveqiru血第二節(jié)二彭丹鳳Parttwoblood血第二節(jié)二彭丹鳳ParttwobloodBLOOD（血）Concept（概念）Formation（生成）Function（功能）Movement（運(yùn)動(dòng)）BLOOD（血）Concept（概念）Concept（概念）redliquid（紅色液體）circulatinginthevessels（循行于脈中）blood（血）richinnutrient（富有營養(yǎng)）oneoftheindispensablesubstancesthatconstitutethehumanbodyandmaintainitslifeactivities.是構(gòu)成人體和維持人體生命活動(dòng)的基本物質(zhì)之一

血是循行于脈中的富有營養(yǎng)的紅色液態(tài)樣物質(zhì)，是構(gòu)成和維持人體生命活動(dòng)的基本物質(zhì)之一。Concept（概念）redliquidcirculatiFormation（生成）materialbasis

（物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)）cerealessence-nutritiveqiandbodyfluid水谷之精——營氣和津液kidneyessence腎精Formation（生成）materialbasisce

Sketchmapofbloodformation（血液化生示意圖）foodstuff（飲食水谷）cerealessence（水谷精微）qiofspleenandstomach（脾胃之氣）nutritiveqi（營氣）

bodyfluid（津液）

kidneyessence（腎精）liver（肝）heart-vessel（心脈）blood（血）freshairinhaledfromthenaturalworld（自然界清氣）lung-qi（肺氣）Kidney-qi（腎氣）marrow（髓）heart-qi（心氣）

thekidneystoresessence,andessenceproducesmarrow,theyallpromotethefunctionofspleenandstomach,andhelptothebloodformation.

theliver,besidesitsfunctionofstoringblood,adjuststhevolumeofbloodflowandmaintainthenormalflowofqiandblood.Thespleenisviewedasthesourcefortheproductionandtransformationofqiandblood.

Theheart-qiisthefundamentalmotivepowertopropelbloodcirculation.Thelungisinchargeofqiofthewholebody.Sketchmapofbloodformation1、nourishandmoisten（營養(yǎng)和滋潤）

Thebloodincludestherichnutrients，circulatesceaselesslyLikearingwithoutendtonourishandmoistenalltheorgansandtissues.Inthis,normalphysiologicalactivitiesaremaintained.

Function（功能）1、nourishandmoisten（營養(yǎng)和滋潤）F2、materialbasisofmentalactivities（神志活動(dòng)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)）

Bloodisalsothematerialbasisofmentalactivities.Soundmentalactivityresultsfromnormalcirculationandasufficientsupplyofblood.Soanybloodtrouble,whateverthecausesmaybe,willbringaboutsymptomsofmentalactivitiesvaryingindegrees.Function（功能）2、materialbasisofmentalact

Bloodcirculateswithinthevessels,bywhichitiscarriedtothezang-fuorgansinternallyandtotheskin,muscles,tendonsandbonesexternally.Itcirculatesceaselesslylikearingwithoutendtonourishandmoistenalltheorgansandtissues.

血在血管中循行，內(nèi)至臟腑，外達(dá)皮肉筋骨，如環(huán)無端，運(yùn)行不息，營養(yǎng)滋潤所有臟腑組織。

Movement（運(yùn)動(dòng)）Bloodcirculateswithinth

Heart

controlling

blood

circulation（心主血脈）：Theheart-qiisthefundamentalmotivepowertopropelbloodcirculation.心氣推動(dòng)血液在脈中運(yùn)行。

Convergenceofvesselsinlung（肺朝百脈）：

Lungcontrollingdispersingoutwardandinwards,adjustingthe“qiji”

肺主宣發(fā)肅降，調(diào)節(jié)氣機(jī)。

Spleen

governing

blood(脾主統(tǒng)血):Keepingbloodflowingwithinthevesselsandpreventitfromextravasating.

控制血在脈中運(yùn)行，防止血溢脈外。

Liver

storing

blood(肝藏血):Adjustingthevolumeofbloodflowandmaintainingthenormalflowofqiandblood.

調(diào)節(jié)血量，維持血液循環(huán)及流量的平衡。Movement（運(yùn)動(dòng)）Heart

controlling

blood

circu液津第二節(jié)三彭丹鳳Partthreebodyfluid液津第二節(jié)三彭丹鳳Partthreebodyfluidconcept（概念）formationdistributionandexcretion

（生成、輸布與排泄）

function（功能）Bodyfluid（津液）

concept（概念）Bodyfluid（津液）

BodyfluidiscalledjinyeinTCM,includingallkindsoffluidsintheorgansandtissuesandtheirsecretions,suchasgastricjuice,intestinaljuice,nasaldischarge,tears,sweat,urineandsoon.Justlikeqiandblood,bodyfluidisalsooneoftheessentialsubstancesconstitutingthehumanbodyandmaintainingitslife.Concept（概念）體液在中醫(yī)稱為津液，包括存在于臟腑組織和它們之間間隙的各種液體如膽汁、腸液、鼻涕、眼淚、汗液、尿液等等。與氣血一樣，津液也是構(gòu)成人體和維持生命活動(dòng)的必要物質(zhì)之一。BodyfluidiscalledjinBodyfluid津液Jin（津）

ye

（液）jinisthefluidwhichisclearandthinandflowseasily.Itisdistributedintheskin,musclesandorifices,furthermore,itpermeatesthebloodvesselstokeepthemmoistened.

Yeisthickfluidwithflowinglesseasily.Itisdistributedinthejoints,brain,marrowandinternalorganstonourishthem.

Concept（概念）BodyfluidJin（津）ye（液）jinisFormationdistributionandexcretion生成、輸布與排泄

Theformation,distributionandexcretionofbodyfluidarethecomplexphysiologicalprocessinwhichtheyareaccomplishedbythejointactionofmanyorgans.

津液的生成、輸布和排泄是一個(gè)由許多臟腑組織共同完成的復(fù)雜過程。

FormationdistributionandexcFormationdistributionandexcretion生成、輸布與排泄Bodyfluidisformedfromfoodandwaterbydigestionandabsorptionofthestomach,separatingtheclarityfromtheturbidityofthesmallintestineandtramformationofthespleen.（津液由胃中消化吸收、小腸進(jìn)行分清別濁、脾運(yùn)化的水谷中形成。）

Thedistributionandexcretionofbodyfluidareaccomplishedbythejointactionofmanyzang-fuorgan,suchasthetransformingfunctionofthespleen,thedispersinganddescendingfunctionofthelung,thesteamingandascendingfunctionofthekidney.(津液的分布和排泄由許多臟腑組織共同完成，如脾的運(yùn)化功能、肺的宣發(fā)肅降功能、腎的蒸發(fā)沉降功能。)Bodyfluidtakestripleenergizerasitspassagewayfordistributionandexcretion.(津液以三焦為通道進(jìn)行分布和排泄。)FormationdistributionandexcFunction（功能）

moisteningandnourishing滋潤和濡養(yǎng)作用

producingblood化生血液

adjustingyinandyangofthehumanbody調(diào)節(jié)人體的陰陽平衡excretingmetabolite排泄代謝產(chǎn)物deliveringqiofthewholebody運(yùn)載全身之氣Function（功能）moisteningandno氣血津液之間的關(guān)系第二節(jié)四彭丹鳳QI,BLOODANDBODYFLUIDOFMUTUALCAUSALITY

氣血津液之間的關(guān)系第二節(jié)四彭丹鳳QI,BLOODAND1、Qiandblood（氣和血）qiisthe“commander”ofblood氣為血之帥

Qiisthemotivepowerforbloodformation,orrather,itproducesblood.Bloodisformedfromnutritiveqiandbodyfluid,bothofwhichcomefromfoodandwater.Allthesecannotbeseparatedfromthefunctionsofqi.Bloodcirculationdependsonthepropellingfunctionofheart-qi.Foranother,qicontrolsbloodandkeepitflowinginthebloodvesselswithoutextravasation.bloodisthe"mother"ofqi.血為氣之母Bloodisreferredtoasthemotherofqibecause,ontheonehand,bloodisacarrierofqi;andontheother,bloodprovidesadequatenutrientsforqi.Therefore,itisimpossibleforqitoexistwithoutits"mother",blood.1、Qiandblood（氣和血）qiisthe2、Qiandbodyfluid（氣和津液）Qiproducesbodyfluid.（氣能生津）Theformation,distributionandexcretionofbodyfluiddependuponallthemovementsofqianditswarming,promotingandcontrollingfunctions.Theexistenceofqiinthebodynotonlydependsuponblood,butonbodyfluidwhichisformedfromfoodessencebythefunctionsofthestomachandspleen.So,whetherbodyfluidisadequateorinadequatedependsupontheconditionsofspleen-qiandstomach-qi.

津液的形成、分布和排泄依賴氣的運(yùn)動(dòng)和溫煦、推動(dòng)和固攝功能。人體氣的存在不僅依賴血，也依賴脾運(yùn)化的水谷精微所形成的津液。因此，津液的充足與否依賴脾胃之氣的狀態(tài)。

2、Qiandbodyfluid（氣和津液）Qipr2、Qiandbodyfluid（氣和津液）Qipromotesthetransportationofbodyfluid.（氣能行津）Themovementsofqiarethemotivityforthetransportation,anddistributionofbodyfluid,andtheexcretionofsweatandurine.Therefore,Incaseofdeficiencyofqiordysfunctionofqi,disturbanceofbodyfluidintransportation,distributionandexcretionwilloccur.Therebyleadingtothestagnationofbodyfluid.

氣的運(yùn)動(dòng)是津液運(yùn)行分布和汗尿液排泄的原動(dòng)力。因此氣虛或氣的功能失常，就會(huì)發(fā)生津液運(yùn)行、分布和排泄的紊亂，使津液停滯。

2、Qiandbodyfluid（氣和津液）QiprC.Qicontrolsbodyfluid.（氣能攝津）Qimaycontroltheexcretionofbodyfluidandmaintainthebalanceofthemetabolismofbodyfluid,Incaseqifailstocontroltheexcretionofbodyfluidsomeofbodyfluidwillrunoff.氣可以控制津液的排泄，維持體液代謝平衡。如氣無法控制津液的排泄，便會(huì)導(dǎo)致津液的橫溢。

2、Qiandbodyfluid（氣和津液）C.Qicontrolsbodyfluid.（氣能D.Bodyfluidisacarrierofqi.（津能載氣）Qiresidesinbodyfluid,Bodyfluidservesasacarrierofqi.Thatis,bodyfluidcarriesqi.Qicannotexistwithoutbodyfluid.Thisisthereasonwhythelossofbodyfluidoftendamagesqi.Ifqifailstoattachtobodyfluid,qi-deficiencyandevenqiprostrationwillensue.津液是氣的載體。這就是津能載氣。如果沒有津液，氣就無法存在。這就是為什么傷津就會(huì)耗氣。如氣無法依托于津液，則氣虛甚則氣陷就會(huì)隨之發(fā)生。

2、Qiandbodyfluid（氣和津液）D.Bodyfluidisacarrierof3、BloodandBodyfluid（血和津液）commonsource（來源相同）transformingmutually（相互化生）blood（血）bodyfluid（津液）

3、BloodandBodyfluid（血和津液）co

Bloodandbodyfluidareliquidsand,what'smore,theybothperformthenourishingandmoisteningfunctions.Bodyfluidwillbecomeandimportantcomponentofbloodwheninfiltratingintothebloodvessels.Asbloodandjinyeoriginatefromtheessenceoffoodandwater,theyareknownas“bodyfluidandbloodarederivedfromacommonsource."

血和津液都是液體，而且它們都有滋養(yǎng)功能。津液進(jìn)入脈中就會(huì)成為血液的重要組成部分。因?yàn)檠徒蛞憾荚从谒冉蛞?，因此被稱為“津血同源”。

3、BloodandbodyfluidBloodandbodyfluidare

Recurrentorseverebleedingmaydodamagetobodyfluid,resultinginthirst,scantyurineanddryskin.Andsevereconsumptionorlossofjinyewillaffectthesourceofblood,leadingtotheexhaustionofbothbloodandjinye.Forthisreason,itisnotadvisabletousediaphoreticsforhaemorrhagepatients,andthemethodsofbreakingbloodorprickingbloodshouldbeavoidedintreatingpatientswiththeinadequateofjinyeandhidrosis.

周期或嚴(yán)重出血會(huì)損傷津液導(dǎo)致口渴、尿少和皮膚干燥。嚴(yán)重的津液耗損和丟失會(huì)影響血源，導(dǎo)致津液和血液的枯竭。因此，對(duì)于出血的患者不宜用汗法，破血或活血法不宜用于津液不足或汗證的患者。

3、BloodandbodyfulidRecurrentorseverebleedQuestionWhataboutthefunctionofqi?Whatisthebasicmovementformsofqi?Howaboutthemutualcausalitybetweenqiandblood?Whatisthedifferenceofjinandye?QuestionWhataboutthefunctiQi,BloodandBodyfluid氣、血和津液DepartmentofTraditionalChineseMedicineQi,BloodandBodyfluid氣、血?dú)獾诙?jié)一彭丹鳳Partoneqi氣第二節(jié)一彭丹鳳PartoneqiQI（氣）

Concept（概念）Formation（生成）Function（功能）Movement（運(yùn)動(dòng)）

Types（分類）QI（氣）Concept（概念）Concept（概念）Philosophicalconcept：Qireferstoallthetinysubstancesinexistenceintheuniversewhichisexercisingcontinuouslyandimmaterial,itisthesamefountainheadintheuniverse.哲學(xué)概念：指存在與宇宙之中的不斷運(yùn)動(dòng)且無形可見的極細(xì)微物質(zhì)，是宇宙萬物的共同構(gòu)成本源。Concept（概念）PhilosophicalconcConcept（概念）Medicinalconcept：Qireferstotheverysmallsubstanceinexistenceinthehumanbodywhichexercisescontinuouslyandbefullofenergy,itisoneofthefundamentalsubstancesconstitutingthehumanbodyandmaintainingitslifeactivities.

醫(yī)學(xué)概念：是人體內(nèi)活力很強(qiáng)、運(yùn)行不息的極精微物質(zhì)，是構(gòu)成人體和維持人體生命活動(dòng)的基本物質(zhì)之一。Concept（概念）Medicinalconcept：Qcongenitalqi（先天之精氣）

freshairinhaledfromthenaturalworld（自然界的清氣）

cerealessence（水谷之精氣）

QiinthehumanbodyFormation（生成）kidneyslungspleencongenitalqifreshairinhaledFunction（功能）A.PromotingActionofQi（推動(dòng)功能）Qi,asasortofrefinedsubstancefullofvigour,playsapromotingandactivatingroleinthegrowthanddevelopmentofthehumanbody,thephysiologicalactivitiesofthezang-fuorgansandmeridians,theproductionandcirculationofblood,aswellastheproduction,distributionandexcretionofbodyfluid.B.WarmingActionofQi（溫煦功能）

Whetherman'sbodytemperatureisnormalornotdependsonthewarmingactionofqi.Onlythroughthewarmingactionofqicanallzang-fuorgans，meridiansandotherstructuresperformtheirnormalfunctionalactivities,andcansuchliquidsubstancesasbloodandbodyfluidcirculatenormally.Function（功能）A.PromotingActioFunctionC.DefendingActionofQi（防御功能）

Qihasdefendingfunctiontodefendthebodysurfaceagainsttheexogenouspathogensandtocombatwiththeinvadedexogenouspathogenstodrivethemoutofthebody.D.ControllingActionofQi

（固攝功能）

a:Keepingthebloodflowingwithinthevesselstopreventitfromextravasatingwithoutreason.

b:Controllingandregulatingthesecretionandexcretionofsweat,urine,sperm,saliva,gastrointestinaljuices,etc,tomaintainarelativebalanceofwatermetabolism.c:Firmingtheinternalorgansintheirnormalpositionswithoutprolapse.FunctionC.DefendingActionofFunctionE.ActionofQiTransformation（氣化功能）

Qitransformationmaybedefinedasvariouskindsofchangesbroughtaboutbythemovementofqi.Concretelyspeaking,itreferstotherespectivemetabolismofessence,qi,bloodandbodyfluidandtheirreciprocaltransformation.

Forinstance,foodistransformedintoqi,bloodandbodyfluid;bodyfluidareconvertedintosweatandurinebymetabolizing,andtheresiduesoffood,afterdigestionandabsorption,areturnedintofecestobedischargedfromthebody.

Alltheseprocessesareallthespecificmanifestationsoftheactionofqitransformation.Toputitbriefly,qitransformationisactuallytheprocessinwhichthesubstancesinthebodyaremetabolizedandintertransformed.FunctionE.ActionofQiTransfMovement（運(yùn)動(dòng)）Conceptof“qiji”

：

TheMovementofQiisknownas“qiji”

氣機(jī)的概念：氣的運(yùn)動(dòng)稱為氣機(jī)B.

Qihasfourbasicmovementforms:

ascending（升）

descending（降）

exiting

（出）

entering（入）Movement（運(yùn)動(dòng)）Conceptof“qiji”Theascending,descending,exitingandenteringofqiaremainlyembodiedinthephysiologicalactivitiesofthezang-fuorgans,meridiansandotherprocessesofmetabolism.Movement（運(yùn)動(dòng)）Forexample,thelunggovernsrespiration,exhalingpertainstoexiting,inhalingtoentering;anddispersingpertainstoascending,loweringtodescending.Thespleensendstheclearupwardandthestomachpassestheturbiddownward.Soallkindsofphysiologicalactivitiesinthehumanbody,essentially,arereflectedinthefourmovementsofqi.

Theascending,descendcongenitalqi（先天之精氣）primordialqi(元?dú)?

pectoralqi(宗氣)defensiveqi(衛(wèi)氣)

nutritiveqi(營氣)QiinthehumanbodyTypes（分類）freshairinhaledfromthenaturalworld（自然界之清氣）cerealessence（水谷之精氣）congenitalqiprimordialqipectprimordialqi（元?dú)猓㊣tistheprimarymotiveforceoflifeactivities.Primordialqiderivesfromthecongenitalessencestoredinthekidney,anddependsontheacquiredessenceregeneratedbythespleenandstomach.B.pectoralqi（宗氣）

Itisaccumulatedinchest.Pectoralqiperformstwomainfunctions.Oneistravelingthroughtherespiratorytracttopromoterespirationandthesufficiencyorinsufficiencyofpectoralqiinfluencestheconditionsofthevoice、speechorbreathandsoon.Theotherisrunningthroughtheheart-meridianstopromotethecirculationofqiandblood.Distributionandfunction（分布與功能）primordialqiItistheprimaryD.defensiveqi（衛(wèi)氣）Defensiveqirunsoutsidethebloodvessels.Ithasthefollowingfunctions:protectingthebodysurfaceagainstexogenouspathogens,controllingtheopeningandclosingofthepores,adjustingtheexcretionofsweat,warmingandnourishingthezang-fuorgans,musclesandtheskinwithhairs,etc,maintainingarelativelyconstantbodytemperature.C.nutritiveqi（營氣）Nutritiveqiistheqithatcirculatestogetherwithbloodinthevessels.Itoriginatesfromthepurepartofcerealessencetransformedbythespleenandstomachandbearsresponsibilityforthebloodproductionandthenutritionofthewholebody.Distributionandfunction（分布與功能）D.defensiveqiDefensiveqiru血第二節(jié)二彭丹鳳Parttwoblood血第二節(jié)二彭丹鳳ParttwobloodBLOOD（血）Concept（概念）Formation（生成）Function（功能）Movement（運(yùn)動(dòng)）BLOOD（血）Concept（概念）Concept（概念）redliquid（紅色液體）circulatinginthevessels（循行于脈中）blood（血）richinnutrient（富有營養(yǎng)）oneoftheindispensablesubstancesthatconstitutethehumanbodyandmaintainitslifeactivities.是構(gòu)成人體和維持人體生命活動(dòng)的基本物質(zhì)之一

血是循行于脈中的富有營養(yǎng)的紅色液態(tài)樣物質(zhì)，是構(gòu)成和維持人體生命活動(dòng)的基本物質(zhì)之一。Concept（概念）redliquidcirculatiFormation（生成）materialbasis

（物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)）cerealessence-nutritiveqiandbodyfluid水谷之精——營氣和津液kidneyessence腎精Formation（生成）materialbasisce

Sketchmapofbloodformation（血液化生示意圖）foodstuff（飲食水谷）cerealessence（水谷精微）qiofspleenandstomach（脾胃之氣）nutritiveqi（營氣）

bodyfluid（津液）

kidneyessence（腎精）liver（肝）heart-vessel（心脈）blood（血）freshairinhaledfromthenaturalworld（自然界清氣）lung-qi（肺氣）Kidney-qi（腎氣）marrow（髓）heart-qi（心氣）

thekidneystoresessence,andessenceproducesmarrow,theyallpromotethefunctionofspleenandstomach,andhelptothebloodformation.

theliver,besidesitsfunctionofstoringblood,adjuststhevolumeofbloodflowandmaintainthenormalflowofqiandblood.Thespleenisviewedasthesourcefortheproductionandtransformationofqiandblood.

Theheart-qiisthefundamentalmotivepowertopropelbloodcirculation.Thelungisinchargeofqiofthewholebody.Sketchmapofbloodformation1、nourishandmoisten（營養(yǎng)和滋潤）

Thebloodincludestherichnutrients，circulatesceaselesslyLikearingwithoutendtonourishandmoistenalltheorgansandtissues.Inthis,normalphysiologicalactivitiesaremaintained.

Function（功能）1、nourishandmoisten（營養(yǎng)和滋潤）F2、materialbasisofmentalactivities（神志活動(dòng)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)）

Bloodisalsothematerialbasisofmentalactivities.Soundmentalactivityresultsfromnormalcirculationandasufficientsupplyofblood.Soanybloodtrouble,whateverthecausesmaybe,willbringaboutsymptomsofmentalactivitiesvaryingindegrees.Function（功能）2、materialbasisofmentalact

Bloodcirculateswithinthevessels,bywhichitiscarriedtothezang-fuorgansinternallyandtotheskin,muscles,tendonsandbonesexternally.Itcirculatesceaselesslylikearingwithoutendtonourishandmoistenalltheorgansandtissues.

血在血管中循行，內(nèi)至臟腑，外達(dá)皮肉筋骨，如環(huán)無端，運(yùn)行不息，營養(yǎng)滋潤所有臟腑組織。

Movement（運(yùn)動(dòng)）Bloodcirculateswithinth

Heart

controlling

blood

circulation（心主血脈）：Theheart-qiisthefundamentalmotivepowertopropelbloodcirculation.心氣推動(dòng)血液在脈中運(yùn)行。

Convergenceofvesselsinlung（肺朝百脈）：

Lungcontrollingdispersingoutwardandinwards,adjustingthe“qiji”

肺主宣發(fā)肅降，調(diào)節(jié)氣機(jī)。

Spleen

governing

blood(脾主統(tǒng)血):Keepingbloodflowingwithinthevesselsandpreventitfromextravasating.

控制血在脈中運(yùn)行，防止血溢脈外。

Liver

storing

blood(肝藏血):Adjustingthevolumeofbloodflowandmaintainingthenormalflowofqiandblood.

調(diào)節(jié)血量，維持血液循環(huán)及流量的平衡。Movement（運(yùn)動(dòng)）Heart

controlling

blood

circu液津第二節(jié)三彭丹鳳Partthreebodyfluid液津第二節(jié)三彭丹鳳Partthreebodyfluidconcept（概念）formationdistributionandexcretion

（生成、輸布與排泄）

function（功能）Bodyfluid（津液）

concept（概念）Bodyfluid（津液）

BodyfluidiscalledjinyeinTCM,includingallkindsoffluidsintheorgansandtissuesandtheirsecretions,suchasgastricjuice,intestinaljuice,nasaldischarge,tears,sweat,urineandsoon.Justlikeqiandblood,bodyfluidisalsooneoftheessentialsubstancesconstitutingthehumanbodyandmaintainingitslife.Concept（概念）體液在中醫(yī)稱為津液，包括存在于臟腑組織和它們之間間隙的各種液體如膽汁、腸液、鼻涕、眼淚、汗液、尿液等等。與氣血一樣，津液也是構(gòu)成人體和維持生命活動(dòng)的必要物質(zhì)之一。BodyfluidiscalledjinBodyfluid津液Jin（津）

ye

（液）jinisthefluidwhichisclearandthinandflowseasily.Itisdistributedintheskin,musclesandorifices,furthermore,itpermeatesthebloodvesselstokeepthemmoistened.

Yeisthickfluidwithflowinglesseasily.Itisdistributedinthejoints,brain,marrowandinternalorganstonourishthem.

Concept（概念）BodyfluidJin（津）ye（液）jinisFormationdistributionandexcretion生成、輸布與排泄

Theformation,distributionandexcretionofbodyfluidarethecomplexphysiologicalprocessinwhichtheyareaccomplishedbythejointactionofmanyorgans.

津液的生成、輸布和排泄是一個(gè)由許多臟腑組織共同完成的復(fù)雜過程。

FormationdistributionandexcFormationdistributionandexcretion生成、輸布與排泄Bodyfluidisformedfromfoodandwaterbydigestionandabsorptionofthestomach,separatingtheclarityfromtheturbidityofthesmallintestineandtramformationofthespleen.（津液由胃中消化吸收、小腸進(jìn)行分清別濁、脾運(yùn)化的水谷中形成。）

Thedistributionandexcretionofbodyfluidareaccomplishedbythejointactionofmanyzang-fuorgan,suchasthetransformingfunctionofthespleen,thedispersinganddescendingfunctionofthelung,thesteamingandascendingfunctionofthekidney.(津液的分布和排泄由許多臟腑組織共同完成，如脾的運(yùn)化功能、肺的宣發(fā)肅降功能、腎的蒸發(fā)沉降功能。)Bodyfluidtakestripleenergizerasitspassagewayfordistributionandexcretion.(津液以三焦為通道進(jìn)行分布和排泄。)FormationdistributionandexcFunction（功能）

moisteningandnourishing滋潤和濡養(yǎng)作用

producingblood化生血液

adjustingyinandyangofthehumanbody調(diào)節(jié)人體的陰陽平衡excretingmetabolite排泄代謝產(chǎn)物deliveringqiofthewholebody運(yùn)載全身之氣Function（功能）moisteningandno氣血津液之間的關(guān)系第二節(jié)四彭丹鳳QI,BLOODANDBODYFLUIDOFMUTUALCAUSALITY

氣血津液之間的關(guān)系第二節(jié)四彭丹鳳QI,BLOODAND1、Qiandblood（氣和血）qiisthe“commander”ofblood氣為血之帥

Qiisthemotivepowerforbloodformation,orrather,itproducesblood.Bloodisformedfromnutritiveqiandbodyfluid,bothofwhichcomefromfoodandwater.Allthesecannotbeseparatedfromthefunctionsofqi.Bloodcirculationdependsonthepropellingfunctionofheart-qi.Foranoth