翻譯資格考試高級(jí)口譯模擬試題及答案NoteTakingandGapFillingGoodafternoon,class.Iwanttostartmylecturebytellingyouastory.OncetherewasayoungwomanfromMexiconamedConsuela,whocametoNewYorktolearnEnglish.ShegotajobatafactoryownedbyaChinese.OnedayasConsuelacametowork,herChinesebosshandedheraredenvelope.Consuelalookedinsideandsaw20dollars.Shebecameveryupsetandthrewtheenvelopebackatherboss!Herbosswasshocked.Well,hehadgivenhertheredenvelopeandthemoneybecauseitwasChineseNewYear.AndontheChineseNewYear,itistraditionaltogivemoneytoyoung,singlepeopleforgoodluck.However,fromConsuela’spointofview,hewasanoldermangivinghermoneyinanenvelope,whichmeantthathewasaskingherforsexualfavors.Naturally,sherefusedtotakethemoney.Now,whatdoesthisstoryshowus?Itshowsthatanactioncanhavetotallyoppositemeaningsindifferentcultures.Everyculturehasitsownrulesforwhatisappropriateandwhatisnotappropriatebehavior.Andtoillustratemypointtoday,I’mgoingtogiveexamplesfromfourareas.First,thewaypeoplegreeteachotherindifferentcultures.Second,thewaytheyusenamesandtitles.Third,thewaypeopleeat.Andfinally,thewaytheyexchangegifts.OK,let’sstartwithgreetingcustoms—Firstofall,I’msureyouknowthatintheUnitedStatesandinmostwesterncountries,greetingsofteninvolvesomesortoftouching,suchasahandshake,ahug,orakissifpeopleknoweachotherverywell.Ontheotherhand,peoplefrommostAsiancountriesdon’tusuallyfeelascomfortabletouchinginpublic.Althoughhandshakesbetweenbusinesspeoplearecommon,manyJapanesepreferabow,whilepeoplefromThailand,normallyholdtheirhandstogetherinakindofprayerposition.SoimaginehowembarrassingitwouldbeifanAmericanwasinvitedtosomeone’shomeinJapanorThailandandshetriedtohugthehost!Now,anotherbehaviorthatdiffersfromculturetocultureistheuseofnames.HaveyounoticedthatAmericansarequicktousepeople’sfirstnameseveniftheyhavejustmet.Forinstance,visitorstotheUnitedStatesarealwayssurprisedtohearemployeesspeaktotheirbossesusingfirstnames.Incontrast,peopleinmostotherculturesaremoreformalandprefertobeaddressedasMr.BrownorMr.Honda,forexample.Inaddition,insomecountries,suchasItalyorKorea,peoplelikeyoutoincludetheirtitleorpositionwiththeirfamilynames,especiallyifthey’reuniversitygraduatesorownersofabusiness.NowIwanttolookateatingcustoms.I’lltalkaboutthebehaviorsconnectedwitheatingthatvaryfromculturetoculture.Oneoftheseistheuseofutensils.YouprobablyknowthatpeopleinmanyAsianculturesusechopsticksbutinsomecountriesit’scustomarytoeatwithyourfingers.It’simportanttobeawareofdifferentdiningcustoms.Hereisanotherexample.Insomecultures,eatingeverythingonyourplateisconsideredimpolite.InEgyptandChina,youshouldleavesomefoodinyourdishattheendofthemeal.Thisistoshowthatyourhostsweregenerousandgaveyoumorethanenoughtoeat.However,Americansgenerallyconsideracleanplateasasignofsatisfactionwiththefood.Finally,whatIwanttomentiontodayisgiftgiving,whichyoumaythinkisauniversalcustomandthereisnotmuchvariationfromculturetoculture.Buttherulesofgiftgivingcanbeverycomplicated.InUSA,ifyou’reinvitedtosomeone’shomefordinner,bringwineorflowersorsmallitemasapresent.Ontheotherhand,theJapanesegivegiftsquitefrequently,oftentothanksomeone,suchasateacheroradoctor.IntheJapaneseculture,giftgivingisaveryancienttraditionandithasmanydetailedrules.Anotherinterestingfactaboutgiftgivingisthatmanycultureshavestrictrulesaboutgiftsyoushouldnotgive.Forexample,nevergiveyellowflowerstopeoplefromIran,whichmeansyouhatethem!【評(píng)析】本文題材對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō)并不陌生，是老生常談的文化差異。作者先從一個(gè)故事引入，再?gòu)乃膫€(gè)方面(打招呼，稱謂，飲食及送禮)介紹各國(guó)不同的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。做筆記時(shí)，從這四個(gè)角度進(jìn)行歸類，記下關(guān)鍵的實(shí)詞，相信正確答案就近在咫尺了?！倦y詞】bown.鞠躬addressv.稱呼utensiln.餐具universaladj.普遍的'，通用的SentenceTranslation1.High-school-ageboysaremorelikelytobeobesethantheirfemalecounterparts.Only30%ofhigh-school-ageboysgettherecommended60minutesofdailyexercise.高中男生比同齡女生更容易肥胖。只有30%的高中男生達(dá)到了推薦的每天1小時(shí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)量。2.Innovationislikeabambooshoot.Abambooshootspendsmanyyearsunderground,andthenitjustpeaksitsheaduplikeaseedinganditjustshowsupveryquickly.創(chuàng)新就像竹筍。竹筍深埋地下多年之后，就像種子一樣破土而出、快速成長(zhǎng)。3.Wal-Martwillbeofferingsomeonlinespecialsasearlyas8:00a.m.onThanksgiving.Someofthein-storedealswillalsobeavailableonline,butotherswillbeInternet-onlyspecials.沃爾瑪將在感恩節(jié)早上八點(diǎn)提供網(wǎng)購(gòu)特價(jià)產(chǎn)品。一些實(shí)體店商品也可以在網(wǎng)上買到，但還有一些只供網(wǎng)路銷售。4.Smallcompaniescan’tgetthecredittheyneed.Statisticsshowthatabigdropinlandingtosmallbusinessesinthelastquarterof2012andconditionsthatremaintightthrough2013.小公司不能獲得他們想要的貸款了。數(shù)據(jù)表