下半年cet4閱讀練習(xí)題及答案Questions46-55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.HowtoMakePeacewithYourWorkloadA)Swamped(忙碌的),underthegun,juststrugglingtostayabovewater...;whateverofficeclicheyouemploytodepictit.we'veallbeeninthatsituationwherewefeellikewemightbeswallowedupbyourworkload.Nonethelessmanyawaymaybeusedtomanageyourto-dolisttopreventfeelingoverwhelmed.Howtomakepeacewithyourworkloadonceandforallgoesasfollows.B)Getorganized."Clearthedeadwoodoutofyourdeskandkeepyourofficeinshape,whichenhancesyourcapabilitytohandleothertasksandraisestheprobabilitythatyou'llretrievetheitemsyoudoneedinafasterandeasierfashion,"saysJeffDavidsonwhoworksasawork/lifeexpertandwriterofmorethan50booksonworkplaceissues."Whensomethingcanbedisposed,leti!go,giveninrealitymostofwhatyouretainisreplaceable."JoelRudy,vicepresidentofoperationsforPhotographicSolutions,withbetterthanthirtyyearsofbusinessmanagementexperience,believesthatkeepingorganizedisamust."Messyworkareasarenonproductiveinsomemeasure.Providedthatyoucan'tlocateadocumentorreporteasilybecauseit'slostinapileofmess,thenyouhaveaproblematicsituation,"hesays."Therebyyouaresupposedtotakethetimetotidyupyourworkareasandkeepyourimportantfiles,manualsandreportsinanaccessiblelocation,whichwillmaximizeyourefficiencies."C)Makeato-dolist,thencoveritup.Itmaysoundweird,butitworks,saysJessicaCarlson,anaccountexecutiveatBluefishDesignStudiowhichisanadvertisingconsultingfirm.Carlsonurgesherteamtoutilizeto-doliststostayontrackandhighlightitemsthatareapriority."Coverupthelist,withtheexceptionofonehigh-prioritytaskatonetime,"shesuggests."Thiswillallowyoutofocusbetteronthetaskathand;otherwise,itwillbeeasytogetoverwhelmedifyou'rereadingthroughato-dolistthatspansanentirepage.Concentratingonasingleitemwillmakeyourtasksappearliketheyaremoredoable,"Carlsonsays.D)Stopmultitasking.Despitewhatyoumayconsidermultitasking,it'scounterproductive.Unlessyou'redrinkingcoffeewhilescanningyourmorninge-mails,you'renotsavinganytimebyattemptingtodotenthingsatonce."Ifyoufindyourselfgettingtangledintoomanythings,itmaybeofmuchnecessityofyoutore--evaluateyourinvolvement,"Rudysays."Yourmindwillwanderfromonetopictoanotherandyou.mayendupneveraccomplishingathing."Rudyrecommendsthebestwaytostopmultitaskingistocreateprioritylistswithdeadlines."Whenapplicable,completeoneprojectbeforeyoumovefurtherontothenextone,"hesays.E)Settimelimits.DeborahChaddock-Brown,awork-at-homes'.mgleparent,saysshe'sfrequentlyoverwhelmedbythedemandsofmaintainingorderinherresidenceandrunningherownbusiness.Still,shemanagesto"doitall"bysettingatimelimitforeachtask."Ihavethetypeofpersonalitythatflits(輕輕地掠過)fromthingtothingbecauseIdohavesomuchonmyplate,"Brownsays."AsaconsequenceIassigntimeslots:Forthenext15minutesIwillparticipateinSocialmediaforthepurposeofmarketingmybusiness(notsendingphotosorplayingFarmville)andthatistheonlythingIamabouttodoforthenext15minutes.Whenthetimeisup,Imoveontothenexttask.Thatway,atnightIdon'tendupwithapileoftaskstoaccomplisheventhoughIfeltbusyallday."F)Talktoyourmanager."Quiteoften,peopleareworkingonthingsthatarenolongeratoppriority,butsomeoneforgottotellthem(thatthey'renolongerimportant).Thereareusuallyclearprioritiesinthemanager'shead;heorshehasjustnotdoneagreatjobcommunicatingthosewiththeemployee,"saysHollyGreen,CEOofTheHumanFactor.Green'ssuggestionunfoldsinthismanner:"IfyoufindyourselfconfrontedwithtoomanyresponsibilitieS,sitdown，notethesignificantthingsyouareinchargeof,andgotoyourmanagertohaveaconversationtodiscusspriorities,trade-offs,timecommitmentsandinterdependenciesrequiredtodoeachthingwell,andthenaskwhatyoushouldstopworkingonorworkonlesssoyoucangettherightthingsdone."Greefisaysmanagersshouldbewillingtohelpsortoutpriorities,solongasemployeeshaveacan-doapproachandaren'tjustcomplainingabouttheirworkload.G)Eliminatetimewasters."Ifinterruptionsarelkeepingyoufromyourresponsibilities,learnhowtodealwiththemaccordingly,"saysEileenRoth,authorofOrganizingforDummies.Rothproposesthefollowingsuggestionstocombatdisruptions:"Usevoicemailtocutdownontelephoneinterruptions,turnoffthealertthatsays"You'vegotane-mail'andgivestaffmembersasettimetovisityou."JustinGramm,presidentofGlobellaBuyersRealty,exemplifiesRoth'spoint."E-mailhadbeenabigtimewasterformeinthepastbecauseitwasaconstantinterruption,causingmetolosefocusonthetaskathand,"hesays.Sincedeterminedtocheckhise-mailsonlytwiceaday,Grammsayshehasbecomemuchmoreefficient."Ifpeoplewanttogetmoreworkdone,theyneedtostopcheckinge-mailsandgetdowntobusiness,"hesays.H)Assessyourworkloadbeforetakingonnewtasks."Theparadoxoftoday'sworkenvironmentisthatthemoreyoudo,themorethat'sexpectedofyou,"Davidsonsays.Inordertobetterassessyourworkload,Davidsonsuggestsaskingyourselfthefollowingquestionsbeforeagreeingtoundertakenewresponsibilities:Isthetaskaligned(使一致)withyourprioritiesandgoals;Areyoulikelytobeaspronetosayingyestosucharequesttomorrowornextweek;whatelsecouldyoudothatwouldbemorerewarding;whatotherpressingtasksandresponsibilitiesareyoulikelytoface;Doestheotherpartyhaveoptionsotherthanyou;Willheorshebecrushedifyousayno?I)Wanttoknowmore?Mostofourexpertsrecommendedbooksforadditionaltipsonhowtomaximizeefficiency,butonebookwasmentionedtimeandagain.CheckoutTheSevenHabitsofHighlyEffectivePeople.46、"Themoreyoudo,themoreyouareexpectedtodo"hasbeenaparadoxintoday'sworkenvironment.47、Aslongasemployeeshaveacan-doattitudeanddonotjustcomplainabouttheirworkload,themanagerswouldliketohelpthemdecidewhattodofirst.48、Asasingleparent,DeborahChaddock-Brownfindsitdifficulttomakeabalancebetweenbusinessandhousework.49、Therearemanyusefulmethodsofpreventingpeoplefromfeelingoverwhelmedbyworkload.