新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)匯總新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)匯總新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)匯總xxx公司新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)匯總文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)匯總新概念一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)匯總

第一部分:時(shí)態(tài)8種

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

1.

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。

（1）含有be動(dòng)詞的句子

The

girl

is

very

beautiful.

Tim

and

Jack

are

students.

★變疑問(wèn)句三步驟：將be動(dòng)詞移到句首，首字母大寫(xiě)，句號(hào)變問(wèn)號(hào)。

Is

the

girl

very

beautiful?

Are

Tim

and

Jack

students?

★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not

The

girl

is

not

very

beautiful.

Tim

and

Jack

are

not

students.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

she

is.

No,

she

is

not.

Yes,

they

are.

No,

they

are

not.

（2）不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，即含有一般動(dòng)詞的句子

第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞

She

likes

him.

The

dog

likes

bones.★變疑問(wèn)句三步驟：在句首加does,

動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?，?wèn)號(hào)變句號(hào)。

Does

she

like

him?

Does

the

dog

like

bones?

★變否定句在主語(yǔ)及動(dòng)詞之間加doesn’t,

動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?，原句中的?dòng)詞不再有第三人稱(chēng)變化：有了助動(dòng)詞的幫助，句中動(dòng)詞變回原形！

She

doesn’t

like

him.

The

dog

doesn’t

like

bones.

肯定回答及否定回答：

Yes,

she

does.

No,

she

doesn’t

Yes,

it

does.

No,

it

doesn’t.

注意：第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)有任何變化。

其他人稱(chēng)及復(fù)數(shù)名詞

I

want

to

have

a

bath.

We

have

some

meat.

The

students

like

smart

teachers.

★變疑問(wèn)句：在句首加do，句號(hào)變問(wèn)號(hào)。

Do

you

want

to

have

a

bath?

Do

we

have

any

meat?

Do

the

students

like

smart

teachers?

★變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加don’t.

You

don’t

want

to

have

a

bath.

We

don’t

have

any

meat.

The

students

don’t

like

smart

teachers.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

I

do.

No,

I

don’t.

Yes,

we

do.

No,

we

don’t

Yes,

they

do.

No,

they

don’t.

2.

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

構(gòu)成：

主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞doing

We

are

having

lunch.

He

is

reading

a

book.

The

dog

is

running

after

a

cat.

The

boys

are

swimming

across

the

river.

★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首

Are

we

having

lunch?

Is

he

reading

a

book?

Is

the

dog

running

after

a

cat?

Are

the

boys

swimming

across

the

river?

★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加

not

We

are

not

having

lunch.

He

is

not

reading

a

book.

The

dog

is

not

running

after

a

cat.The

boys

are

swimming

across

the

river.

★特殊疑問(wèn)句：what,

which,

how,

where,

who,

etc.

疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞

What

are

you

doing?

What

is

she

doing?

What

is

the

dog

doing?

沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞(必背)

表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

1.

表示感覺(jué)，感官的詞

see,

hear,

like,

love,

want,

2.

have,

has當(dāng)“擁有”講時(shí)沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)

3.

一般過(guò)去時(shí)

表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件，

常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday,

last

night,

the

day

before

yesterday,

3

days

ago,

含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，

將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式，am,

is的過(guò)去式為was，are的過(guò)去式為were

I

was

at

the

butcher’s.

You

were

a

student

a

year

ago.

The

teacher

was

very

beautiful

ten

years

ago.

★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首

Were

you

at

the

butcher’s?

Were

you

a

student

a

year

ago?

Was

the

teacher

very

beautiful

ten

years

ago?

★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not

I

was

not

at

the

butcher’s.

You

were

not

a

student

a

year

ago.

The

teacher

was

not

very

beautiful

ten

years

ago.

★肯定回答否定回答

Yes,

I

was.

No,

I

was

not.

Yes,

you

were.

No,

you

were

not.

Yes,

he/she

was.

No,

he/she

was

not.

★特殊疑問(wèn)句：

What

did

you

do?

不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式

I

finished

my

homework

yesterday.

The

boy

went

to

a

restaurant.

The

Sawyers

lived

at

King

Street

a

year

ago.

★變疑問(wèn)句三步驟：在句首加did，

動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵停涮?hào)變問(wèn)號(hào)。

Did

you

finish

your

homework

yesterday?

Did

the

boy

go

to

a

restaurant?

Did

the

Sawyers

live

at

King

Street

a

year

ago?

★變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加did

not

I

did

not

finish

my

homework

yesterday.

The

boy

did

not

go

to

a

restaurant.The

Sawyers

did

not

live

at

King

Street

a

year

ago.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

I

did.

No,

I

didn’t.

Yes,

he

did.

No,

he

didn’t.

Yes,

they

did.

No,

they

did

not.

4.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have,

has+過(guò)去分詞done

用法：

1)

表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just,

usually,

already,

since等時(shí)間副詞連用

I

have

just

had

lunch.

(飽了，不用再吃了)

He

has

had

a

cup

of

tea.(不渴了，不用再喝)

They

have

already

had

their

holiday.

(不能再度假了)

The

boy

has

already

read

the

book.

(已經(jīng)知道書(shū)的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了)

2)

詢(xún)問(wèn)別人是否做過(guò)某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

Have

you

finished

your

homework?

Have

you

been

to

Beijing?

Have

he

seen

the

film?

3)

表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作

I

have

lived

in

Beijing

for

twenty

years.

I

have

worked

for

this

school

for

1

year.

4)

表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過(guò)…地方，做過(guò)…事情，經(jīng)歷過(guò)…事情I

have

never

had

a

bath.

I

have

never

seen

a

film.

I

have

never

been

to

cinema.

I

have

ever

been

to

Paris.

Have

been

to表示去過(guò)，have

gone

to

表示去了

I

have

been

to

London.(人已經(jīng)回來(lái))

He

has

gone

to

London.(人還在那里)

5)

表示一種結(jié)果，

一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用

I

have

lost

my

pen.

I

have

hurt

myself.

He

has

become

a

teacher.

She

has

broken

my

heart.

句型變化：

★變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.

e.g.

Have

you

lost

your

pen?

I

have

not

lost

my

pen.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

I

have.

No,

I

have

not.

★特殊疑問(wèn)句：

What

have

you

done?

What

has

he

done?

一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：

凡是有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過(guò)去時(shí)

注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用

錯(cuò)：I’ve

left

Beijing

for

3

days.

對(duì)：I

left

Beijing

3

days

ago.

I

have

been

away

from

being

for

3

days.

5.

一般將來(lái)時(shí)

表示將來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，

經(jīng)常和tomorrow,

next

year,

the

day

after

tomorrow,

the

year

after

the

next,

in

five

hours’

time,

etc.

表示將來(lái)的詞聯(lián)用

結(jié)構(gòu)：

主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形do

I

will

go

to

America

tomorrow.

The

pilot

will

fly

to

Japan

the

month

after

the

next.

Jack

will

move

into

his

new

house

tomorrow

morning.

★變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首

Will

you

go

to

America

tomorrow?

Will

the

pilot

fly

to

Japan

the

month

after

the

next?

Will

Jack

move

into

his

new

house

tomorrow

morning?

★變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not

I

will

not

go

to

America

tomorrow.

The

pilot

will

not

fly

to

Japan

the

month

after

the

next.

Jack

will

not

move

into

his

new

house

tomorrow

morning

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

I

will.

No,

I

will

not.

Yes,

he/she

will.

No,

he/she

will

not.

Yes,

he

will.

No,

he

will

not.

★特殊疑問(wèn)句：

What

will

you

do?

6.

過(guò)去完成時(shí)

用法：在過(guò)去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞had+過(guò)去分詞done

After

she

had

finished

her

homework,

she

went

shopping.

They

had

sold

the

car

before

I

asked

the

price.

The

train

had

left

before

I

arrived

at

the

station.

After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)，如果放在主句后則不用加。

★變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首

Had

she

finished

her

homework?

★變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not

She

hadn’t

finished

her

homework.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

she

had.

No,

she

hadn’t.

★特殊疑問(wèn)句：

What

had

she

done?

7.

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常用在when,

while,

as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中。

結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+was/were

+現(xiàn)在分詞doing

When

my

husband

was

going

into

the

dining

room

this

morning,

he

dropped

some

coins

on

the

floor.

While

we

were

having

dinner,

my

father

was

watching

TV.

8

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+

would

+

動(dòng)詞原形do

She

said

she

would

go

here

the

next

morning.

兩個(gè)

特殊句型：there

be

句型，be

going

to

結(jié)構(gòu)

1)

Be

going

to

結(jié)構(gòu)

表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃做某事

★結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+going

to

+動(dòng)詞原型

I

am

going

to

make

a

bookcase.

They

are

going

to

paint

it.

The

father

is

going

to

give

the

bookcase

to

his

daughter.

★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首

Are

you

going

to

make

a

bookcase?

Are

they

going

to

paint

it?

Is

the

father

going

to

give

the

bookcase

to

his

daughter?

★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notI

am

not

going

to

make

a

bookcase.

They

are

going

to

paint

it.

The

father

is

not

going

to

give

the

bookcase

to

his

daughter.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

I

am.

No,

I

am

not.

Yes,

they

are.

No,

they

are

not.

Yes,

he

is.

No,

he

is

not.

★特殊疑問(wèn)句

What

are

you

going

to

do?

What

are

they

going

to

do?

What

is

the

father

going

to

do?

(必背)

2)

There

be

句型

表示哪里有什么東西(某處有某物)

There

is+單數(shù)名詞+表示場(chǎng)所的詞(一般為介詞詞組)

There

is

a

book

in

this

room.

There

is

a

pen

on

the

table

There

are+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+表示場(chǎng)所的詞(一般為介詞詞組)

There

are

two

pens

on

the

table.

There

are

three

schools

there.

★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首

Is

there

a

book

in

this

room?

Are

there

two

pens

on

the

table?

★變否定句在動(dòng)詞后面加not

There

is

not

a

book

in

this

room.

There

are

not

two

pens

on

the

table.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

there

is.

No,

there

is

not.

Yes,

there

are.

No,

there

are

not.

第二部分

其他句法及詞法

9

問(wèn)句

一般疑問(wèn)句，特殊疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句，反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句，否定疑問(wèn)句

1)

一般疑問(wèn)句：助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)

Are

you

a

teacher?

Do

you

want

to

have

a

cup

of

tea?

2)

特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句

What

is

your

name?

3)

選擇疑問(wèn)句：

or

Do

you

want

beef

or

lamb?

4)

反意疑問(wèn)句：肯定陳述句+否定疑問(wèn)部分，否定陳述部分+肯定疑問(wèn)部分

You

don’t

need

that

pen,

do

you?

5)

否定疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句+否定詞

Aren’t

you

lucky?

Don’t

you

want

have

a

rest?

10

限定詞：some,

any,

many,

much·some,

any

修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，注意，當(dāng)期待對(duì)方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用some

·

many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語(yǔ)中表示很多一般不用many,

much,

而用a

lot

of,

在否定句中表示很多用many,

much.

I

have

a

lot

of

money.

I

don’t

have

much

money.

11

名詞：種類(lèi)，復(fù)數(shù)，名詞所有格

·名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞

1)不可數(shù)名詞

無(wú)法分開(kāi)的東西：water,

tea,

bread,

milk,

rice(米)

抽象的東西：love,

beauty,

coldness(寒冷)

不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn)：

·不能用a,

an修飾

·不能加s

·和單數(shù)be動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞搭配

2)可數(shù)名詞：

單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s,名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以下幾種變化：

規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1

一般情況+s

e.g.

shell→shells

book→books

規(guī)則2

以s,

x,

ch,

sh結(jié)尾+es

e.g.fox→foxes

church→churches,

bus→buses,

watch→watches

規(guī)則3

以o結(jié)尾+s或+es

e.g.

potato→potatoes,

Negro→Negroes,

hero→heroes,

tomato→tomatoes，(口訣：黑人英雄愛(ài)吃土豆和西紅柿)，

剩下一般加s,

radio→radios

規(guī)則4

以f,

fe結(jié)尾的，變f,

fe為ves

e.g.

life→lives

half→halves,

shelf→shelves,

city→cities,

wife→wives

規(guī)則5

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，

變y為i+es

e.g.

sky→skies

fly→flies

3)不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

man(men)

woman(women)

foot(feet)

goose(geese)

tooth(teeth)

child(children)

sheep(sheep)

deer(deer)

mouse(mice)

fish(fish)

12

副詞：用法及形容詞變副詞的變化

·副詞可以修飾形容詞，動(dòng)詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子。如：

The

book

is

very

good.

He

runs

fast.

She

came

here

quite

early.

Certainly

I

will

go

with

you.

副詞變化形式：

·直接在形容詞后加-ly,

careful-carefully,

slow-slowly,

·以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變I,

加-ly,

happy-happily,

lucky-luckily

·有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化

fast,

hard,

late

·有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn)：

neary-nearly,

high-highly,

late-lately

13

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用：can,

must,

may,

might,

need,

1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can(能夠)，

must(必須)，

may(可以)

結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型

He

can

make

the

tea.

Sally

can

air

the

room.

We

can

speak

English.

★變疑問(wèn)句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首

Can

he

make

the

tea?

Can

Sally

air

the

room?

Can

we

speak

English?

★變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not

He

cannot

make

the

tea.

Sally

cannot

air

the

room.

We

cannot

speak

English.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

he

can.

No,

he

cannot.

Yes,

she

can.

No,

she

cannot.

Yes,

we

can.

No,

we

cannot.

★特殊疑問(wèn)句：What

can

you

do?

注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒(méi)有第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加S。

2)Must/have

to的區(qū)別

must

表示必須，是主觀上覺(jué)得應(yīng)該做，have

to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做

must

只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的句子里，而have

to

do可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)

3)must,

may,

might表示猜測(cè)：

·must

do

表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測(cè)

·must

have

done表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的猜測(cè)

·must

have

been

doing

表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè)

·may/might

do,

may/might

have

done表示沒(méi)有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)，might的可能性更小。

·can’t/couldn’t

表示不可能

14

need

用法：

·表示“需要”時(shí)為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：

I

need

a

pen.

Do

you

need

any

beer?

No,

I

don’t.

I

need

to

have

a

rest.

·Need

doing=need

to

be

done，表示被動(dòng)

The

flowers

need

watering.

·Need在否定時(shí)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用

You

needn’t

go

so

early.

=You

don’t

need

to

go

so

early.Must

I

clean

the

desk

right

now?

No,

you

needn’t.

15

不定代詞及不定副詞：

·Some

any

no

every

·thing

something

anything

nothing

everything

·one

someone

anyone

anything

everyone

·where

somewhere

anywhere

anywhere

everywhere

·body

somebody

anybody

nobody

everybody

1)I

looked

for

my

book

everywhere,

but

I

can’t

find

it

anywhere.

2)If

you

want

go

somewhere,

if

you

want

to

be

someone,

you

must

wake

up.

3)Help!

Somebody?

Anybody?

4)You

are

really

something.

5)Since

everybody

is

here,

let’s

begin

our

class.

6)Where

did

you

go?

I

went

nowhere.

7)Nobody

is

at

home.

8)I

have

nothing

left.

16

感嘆句：

1)

What

+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)

What

a

beautiful

girl

she

is!

2)

How

+

形容詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)

How

beautiful

the

girl

is!

17

祈使句：

祈使句表示請(qǐng)求，命令，建議，邀請(qǐng)等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用主語(yǔ)，句末用驚嘆好或者句號(hào)，用降調(diào)。

★肯定句

動(dòng)詞原型

例，

Come

here,

please.

Go

downstairs,

please.

Stand

up.

Sit

down.

Be

quiet.

Be

careful.

祈使句中如果有喚語(yǔ)，一定要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，放在句首或者句尾

Come

in,

Amy.

Sit

down

here,

Tom.

Mary,

give

me

a

book

please.

★否定：Don't+動(dòng)詞原型

Don't

come

here.

Don’t

sit

down.

Don’t

stand

up.

Don’t

give

me

it.

let

sb.

do

Let

me

pass.

Let

us

have

a

rest.

Let’s

have

a

rest.

反意疑問(wèn)：

Let’s

have

a

walk

along

the

river,

shall

we?

被問(wèn)的人也一同去

Let

us

go

out

for

a

drink,

will

you?

被問(wèn)的人不去

18

倒裝句：so/neither的倒裝

He

can

swim.

So

can

I.

I

didn’t

go

to

class.

Neither

did

I.

結(jié)構(gòu)：

so/neither+be+

主語(yǔ)

so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+

主語(yǔ)

so/neither+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+

主語(yǔ)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，

do,

does/am,

is,

are

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，

am,

is,

are

一般過(guò)去時(shí)，

did

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，

have,

has

一般將來(lái)時(shí)，

will,

shall,

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，was,

were

過(guò)去完成時(shí)，had

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，

would

19

直接引語(yǔ)/間接引語(yǔ)

如果引語(yǔ)的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，那么間接引語(yǔ)要做相應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱(chēng)，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞

1)

時(shí)態(tài)變化：

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)--一般過(guò)去時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)--過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)--過(guò)去完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)--過(guò)去完成時(shí)

一般將來(lái)時(shí)--過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

be

going

to--was/were

going

to/would

can--could

may—might

2)

時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化：

here-there,

tomorrow-the

next

day,

the

following

day,

this-that…

3)

人稱(chēng)變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q(chēng)。

4)

直接賓語(yǔ)/間接賓語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)

直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，間接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事務(wù)，也可以說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的，或者是為誰(shuí)做的。所以間接賓語(yǔ)要用名詞或者賓格代詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。

He

gives

me

a

book.

me間接賓語(yǔ)，

a

book直接賓語(yǔ)

直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞to或for

主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+介詞+間接賓語(yǔ)

Give

me

a

book.

Give

the

book

to

me.Send

his

a

letter.

Send

a

letter

to

him.

Show

him

the

new

dress.

Show

the

new

dress

to

him.

20

其他

1)代詞及be動(dòng)詞

第一人稱(chēng)

第二人稱(chēng)

第三人稱(chēng)

……

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)

主格

I

we

you

you

she/he/it

they

賓格

me

us

you

you

her/him/it

them

代詞所有格my

our

your

your

her/his/its

their

名詞性代詞

mine

ours

yours

yours

hers/his/its

theirs

be動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)

Am

are

are

are

is

are

be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)

was

were

were

were

was

were

2)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1

一般情況+s

e.g.

shell→shells

toy→toys

規(guī)則2

以s,

x,

ch,

sh結(jié)尾+es

e.g.

fox→foxes

church→churches

規(guī)則3

以o結(jié)尾s或+es

e.g.

radio→radios

potato→potatoes

規(guī)則4

以f,

fe結(jié)尾的，變f,

fe為ves

e.g.

life→lives

half→halves

規(guī)則5

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，

變y為i+es

e.g.

sky→skies

study→studies

Send

his

a

letter.

Send

a

letter

to

him.

Show

him

the

new

dress.

Show

the

new

dress

to

him.

20

其他

1)代詞及be動(dòng)詞

第一人稱(chēng)

第二人稱(chēng)

第三人稱(chēng)

……

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)

主格

I

we

you

you

she/he/it

they

賓格me

us

you

you

her/him/it

them

代詞所有格

my

our

your

your

her/his/its

their

名詞性代詞mine

ours

yours

yours

hers/his/its

theirs

be動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)

Am

are

are

are

is

are

be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)

was

were

were

were

was

were

2)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1

一般情況+s

e.g.

shell→shells

toy→toys

規(guī)則2

以s,

x,

ch,

sh結(jié)尾+es

e.g.

fox→foxes

church→churches

規(guī)則3

以o結(jié)尾s或+es

e.g.

radio→radios

potato→potatoes

規(guī)則4

以f,

fe結(jié)尾的，變f,

fe為ves

e.g.

life→lives

half→halves

規(guī)則5

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，

變y為i+es

e.g.

sky→skies

study→studies3)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1

一般情況+s

e.g.

like-likes,

look--looks

規(guī)則2

以s,

x,

ch,

sh結(jié)尾+es

e.g.

do-does,

catch--catches

規(guī)則5

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，

變yi+es

e.g.

carry-carries,

fly--flies

4)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞

規(guī)則一

一般動(dòng)詞加-ing

e.g.

look-looking,

read-reading,

play-playing

規(guī)則二

以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-ing

e.g.

make-making,

take-taking,

arrive-arriving

規(guī)則三

重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，

即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加-ing

e.

g.

run-running,

sit-sitting,

get-getting,

swim-swimming,

stop--stopping

5)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化

規(guī)則一

一般動(dòng)詞加-ed

e.g.

look-looked,

watch-watched,

play--played

規(guī)則二

以e結(jié)尾的加-d

e.g.

make-maked,

arrive--arrived

規(guī)則三

以輔音字母加結(jié)尾的變y為i加-ed

cry-cried,

carry-carried

規(guī)則四

重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，

即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加-ed

stop-stopped,

過(guò)去式的讀音

在清輔音后面(除外)讀/t/

e.g.

walked,

jumped

在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/

e.g.

washed,

watched在/t/，/d/后讀/id/

e.g.

waited,

hated

6)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)

比較級(jí)

規(guī)則一

一般加-er

e.g.

high-higher

規(guī)則二

以結(jié)尾加-r

nice-nicer

規(guī)則三

以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-er

busy-busier,

規(guī)則四

重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，

雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加-er

fat-fatter,

形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)

最高級(jí)

規(guī)則一

一般加-est

e.g.

high-highest

規(guī)則二

以結(jié)尾加-st

nice-nicet

規(guī)則三

以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-est

busy-busiest

規(guī)則四

重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，

雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加--est

fat-fattest

7)常見(jiàn)縮寫(xiě)：

is=’s

I

am=I’m

are=’re

is

not=isn’t/

iznt/

are

not=aren’t

/a:nt/

do

not=don’t

does

not=doesn’t

was=’s

did

not=didn’t

can

not=can’t

have=’ve

has=’s

have

not=haven’t

has

not=hasn’t

will=’ll

will

not=won’t

shall

not=shan’t

新概念一共144課，其中單課為課文，雙課為語(yǔ)法和練習(xí)。整本書(shū)是以單數(shù)課為正課，并附帶有插圖而雙數(shù)課則是針對(duì)單數(shù)課所講的內(nèi)容有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行練習(xí)，從此出展現(xiàn)出整個(gè)新概念一教材區(qū)別于其他教材的獨(dú)特之處。

以下是對(duì)新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位對(duì)整個(gè)課本的理解和把握上參考和借鑒。

首先根據(jù)課本中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)分析：

本冊(cè)書(shū)的語(yǔ)法出現(xiàn)層次性和規(guī)律性是很強(qiáng)的，首先我們先來(lái)整本書(shū)中都出了哪些時(shí)態(tài)，這些時(shí)態(tài)的具體分布和講解時(shí)我們大家需要注意的遞進(jìn)性。

Lesson

31—34

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

Lesson

37—40

第一次出現(xiàn)be

going

to

的將來(lái)時(shí)

Lesson

51—56

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

Lesson

67—76

為一般過(guò)去式

Lesson

83—90

為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

Lesson

91—96

為一般將來(lái)時(shí)

(will)

Lesson

117—118

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

Lesson

119—120

過(guò)去完成時(shí)

除去前面所有時(shí)態(tài)和句型所占據(jù)的76課我們一起來(lái)看一下以下的68課，每一課小的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)，語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)都是在什么地方，應(yīng)該用什么樣的方式來(lái)講解。

在這里告訴學(xué)員新概念一的每一個(gè)單課的重點(diǎn)都是出現(xiàn)雙課的標(biāo)題和課后的練習(xí)題里面。

Lesson1—2

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：與陌生人說(shuō)話(huà)或引起別人的注意。Excuse

me.

Yes?

Pardon?

Thank

you

very

much.

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：主系表結(jié)構(gòu)this為主語(yǔ)，名詞做表語(yǔ)1的一般疑問(wèn)句以及它的肯定回答。Is

this

your

handbag?

Yes,

it

is.

Lesson

5—6

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：如何介紹別人。This

is

Miss

Sophie

Dupont.

Nice

to

meet

you.

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。She

is

French.

He

is

German.

It’s

a

Volvo.(L6)

a/an

的使用。

Lesson

7—8

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：如何自我介紹和相互認(rèn)識(shí)。

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)為第二人稱(chēng)的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Are

you

French?

What

nationality

are

you?

What’s

your

job?

特殊疑問(wèn)句。

Lesson

9—10

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：朋友或熟識(shí)的人之間如何相互問(wèn)候。How

are

you?

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：主系表結(jié)構(gòu)形容詞做表語(yǔ)。

介詞短語(yǔ)表示位置

near

the

window,

on

the

televion,

on

the

wall

Lesson

29—30

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：如何發(fā)號(hào)命令。

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：祈使句（肯定）。

動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的固定搭配。

Lesson

37—38

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：如何表達(dá)將要做的事情。

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)be

going

to

do結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)將要發(fā)生的事情。

There

be

句型的一般疑問(wèn)句形式。

Lesson

41-42

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：如何表示不可數(shù)名詞的量。

Lesson

63-64

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：建議忠告。

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：don’t

do….

You

mustn’t

do…

Lesson

65-66

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：具體時(shí)間表示法(半點(diǎn)和刻鐘）。

反身代詞。

具體日期表達(dá)方式。

Lesson

73-74

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：?jiǎn)柭贰?/p>

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。

形容詞轉(zhuǎn)變成副詞。

Lesson

77-78

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：看病。

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：綜合時(shí)間表達(dá)方式。

Lesson

105-106

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：辦公室用語(yǔ)。

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：want

sb

to

do…./

tell

sb

to

do…以及其否定形式。

Lesson

103-104

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：考試。

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句。（從句部分為非現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)）

程度副詞

too,

very

,enough

Lesson

125-126

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：/

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：have

to

do…/

don’t

need

to

do…Lesson

127-128

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：娛樂(lè)界。

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：must/can’t

對(duì)現(xiàn)在事情的肯定/否定猜測(cè)。

Lesson

129-130

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：交通狀況。

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：must/can’t

have

been….對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定/否定猜測(cè)。

Lesson

131-132

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：度假。

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：may

對(duì)現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去事情的肯定或否定猜測(cè)。

以下學(xué)的知識(shí)慢慢與新二接軌：

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Lesson

83—90

直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)：Lesson

99—102

形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：Lesson107—112

neither

,so

的用法：Lesson

113—114

不定代詞的用法：Lesson

115—116

過(guò)去進(jìn)行和過(guò)去完成時(shí)：Lesson

117—120

定語(yǔ)從句：Lesson

121—124

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的綜合用法：Lesson

125—132

直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)：Lesson

133—136（著重講時(shí)態(tài)的倒推）

if

的用法：Lesson

137—140

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Lesson

141—144

英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)一共有八種，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。

今天我們所要講的就是第一種：

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)——表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。

1、含有be動(dòng)詞的句子

He

is

a

teacher.

The

girl

is

very

beautiful.

Tim

and

Jack

are

students.

★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首

Is

he

a

teacher?

Is

the

girl

very

beautiful?

Are

Tim

and

Jack

students?

★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not

He

is

not

a

teacher.

The

girl

is

not

verybeautiful.

Tim

and

Jack

are

not

students.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

he

is.

/

No,

he

is

not.

Yes,

she

is.

/

No,

she

is

not.

Yes,

they

are.

/

No,

they

are

not.

2、不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，即含有一般動(dòng)詞的句子。

(1)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞

He

likes

books.

She

likes

him.

The

dog

likes

bones.

★變疑問(wèn)句在句首加does,

動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?/p>

Does

he

like

books?

Does

she

like

him?

Does

the

dog

like

bones?

★變否定句在主語(yǔ)及動(dòng)詞之間加doesn't,

動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵停渲械膭?dòng)詞不再有第三人稱(chēng)變化。

He

doesn't

like

books.

She

doesn't

like

him.

The

dog

doesn't

like

bones.

★肯定回答及否定回答：

Yes,

he

does.

/

No,

he

doesn't.

Yes,

she

does.

/

No,

she

doesn't

Yes,

it

does.

/

No,

it

doesn't.

注意：第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)有任何變化。

(2)其他人稱(chēng)及復(fù)數(shù)名詞

I

want

to

have

a

bath.

We

have

some

meat.

The

students

like

smart

teachers.

★變疑問(wèn)句在句首加do

Do

you

want

to

have

a

bath?

Do

we

have

any

meat?

Do

the

students

like

smart

teachers?

★變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加don't.

You

don't

want

to

have

a

bath.

We

don't

have

any

meat.

The

students

don't

like

smart

teachers.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

I

do.

/

No,

I

don't.

Yes,

we

do.

/

No,

we

don't

Yes,

they

do.

/

No,

they

don't.

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

——表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)＋be動(dòng)詞＋動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞＋其它成分

We

are

having

lunch.

He

is

reading

a

book.

The

dog

is

running

after

a

cat.

The

boys

are

swimming

across

the

river.

★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首

Are

we

having

lunch?

Is

he

reading

a

book?

Is

the

dog

running

after

a

cat?

Are

the

boys

swimming

across

the

river?

★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加

not

We

are

not

having

lunch.

He

is

not

reading

a

book.

The

dog

is

not

running

after

a

cat.

The

boys

are

swimming

across

the

river.

★特殊疑問(wèn)句：what,

which,

how,

where,

who,

etc.

疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋現(xiàn)在分詞

What

are

you

doing?

What

is

she

doing?

What

is

the

dog

doing?

沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞（必背）

表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：

1.

表示感覺(jué)，感官的詞

see,

hear,

like,

love,

want

2.

have,

has當(dāng)“擁有”講時(shí)沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)

表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday,

last

night,

the

day

before

yesterday,

3

days

ago...

含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將be動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式。am,

is的過(guò)去式為was,

are的過(guò)去式為were：

I

was

at

the

butcher's.

You

were

a

student

a

year

ago.

The

teacher

was

very

beautiful

ten

years

ago.

★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首

Were

you

at

the

butcher's?

Were

you

a

student

a

year

ago?

Was

the

teacher

very

beautiful

ten

years

ago?

★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not

I

was

not

at

the

butcher's.

You

were

not

a

student

a

year

ago.

The

teacher

was

not

very

beautiful

ten

years

ago.

★肯定回答否定回答

Yes,

I

was.

/

No,

I

was

not.

Yes,

you

were.

/

No,

you

were

not.

Yes,

he/she

was.

/

No,

he/she

was

not.

★特殊疑問(wèn)句

What

did

you

do?（必背）

不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式：

I

finished

my

homework

yesterday.

The

boy

went

to

a

restaurant.

The

Sawyers

lived

at

King

Street

a

year

ago.

★變疑問(wèn)句在句首加did，動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?/p>

Did

you

finish

your

homework

yesterday?

Did

the

boy

go

to

a

restaurant?

Did

the

Sawyers

live

at

King

Street

a

year

ago?

★變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加did

not

I

did

not

finish

my

homework

yesterday.

The

boy

did

not

go

to

a

restaurant.

The

Sawyers

did

not

live

at

King

Street

a

year

ago.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

I

did.

/

No,

I

didn't.

Yes,

he

did.

/

No,

he

didn't.

Yes,

they

did.

/

No,

they

did

not.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have,

has+過(guò)去分詞

用法：1）

表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just,

usually,

already,

since等時(shí)間副詞連用。

I

have

just

had

lunch.

（飽了，不用再吃了。）

He

has

had

a

cup

of

tea.（不渴了，不用再喝。）

They

have

already

had

their

holiday.

（不能再度假了。）

The

boy

has

already

read

the

book.

（已經(jīng)知道書(shū)的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了。）

2）

詢(xún)問(wèn)別人是否做過(guò)某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

Have

you

finished

your

homework?

Have

you

been

to

Beijing?

Have

he

seen

the

film?

3）

表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作

I

have

lived

in

Beijing

for

twenty

yea