Tense&voiceTense&voice

體（form）時(shí)（time）一般時(shí)indefinite進(jìn)行時(shí)continuous完成時(shí)perfect完成進(jìn)行時(shí)perfect

continuous現(xiàn)在present一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)study

studies現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)amis

studyingare現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have

studied

has

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have

been

studyinghas過(guò)去past一般過(guò)去時(shí)studied過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was

studyingwere過(guò)去完成時(shí)

had

studied過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

hadbeenstudying將來(lái)Future一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall

studywill將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)shallbestudyingwill將來(lái)完成時(shí)shallhavestudiedwill將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)shallhavebeenstudyingwill過(guò)去將來(lái)Futureinthepast過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)shouldstudywould過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)shouldbestudyingwould過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)shouldhavestudiedwould過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)shouldhavebeenstudyingwould時(shí)態(tài)的種類英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)以study為例，列表如下：一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)高考題鞏固題1鞏固題2過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)高考題鞏固題1鞏固題2主動(dòng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在Ilearnedthattheearth＿＿＿aroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.Ifheacceptsthejob,hewillgetmoremoneysoon.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：時(shí)間：when,until,after,before,assoonas,once,themoment/theminute;

Eg:WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.

條件：if,unless,provided.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)goes考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Ilearnedthattheearth＿＿＿ar1）Thetrain______atsixtomorrowmorning.

Whendoesthebusstart?It______intenminutes.leavesstartsIfyouwillacceptmyinvitation,myfamilywillbepleased.注意：由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。2）倒裝句（由here，there開(kāi)頭的句子，動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）

Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.

Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.考點(diǎn)三：下列動(dòng)詞：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return，open,close的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。這主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。1）Thetrain______atsixtomor現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Thehouseis_____________thesedays.Thelittleboyisalwaysmakingtrouble.

考點(diǎn)一：與頻率副詞，如always，constantly，continually等連用表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。Heisalwaysthinkingofhiswork(贊許)他老是把東西亂扔。Heisconstantlyleavinghisthingsabout.（不滿）他老愛(ài)說(shuō)大話。Heisalwaysboasting(厭煩)beingbuilt現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Thehouseis____________考點(diǎn)二：表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

,僅限于少量動(dòng)詞：go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,stay,do,have,seesboff…

Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?工作進(jìn)行的怎么樣？工作進(jìn)行的相當(dāng)順利。你進(jìn)步很快。我們想在這里建一座水壩。風(fēng)挺大有人找你接電話。Howareyougettingonwithyourwork?Theworkisgoingfairlysmoothly.You’remakingrapidprogress.We’rethinkingofbuildingadamhere.It’sblowinghard.Someoneisaskingforyouonthephone.考點(diǎn)二：表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,僅限于少量動(dòng)注意：下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。（A）表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)作：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。（B）表存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear,exist,lie,remain,seem，belongto，dependon。（C）表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。（D）表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。注意：下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。考點(diǎn)一：for+時(shí)間段；since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)TheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.TheyhavelivedinBeijingsince1995.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)二：常見(jiàn)的不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：lately;recently,just,already,yet,ever,never,uptonow;tillnow;sofar,thesedays,once,twice,threetimes…

Hasitstoppedrainingyet?考點(diǎn)三：在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/年/月以來(lái)……”時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。in/over/duringthepastfewyears/months/weeks/days；forthelastfewcenturies,throughcenturies;throughouthistory等考點(diǎn)一：for+時(shí)間段；since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在完成考點(diǎn)四：用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型

ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.

Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.

1）This/That/Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。

ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.

2）This/That/Itisthebest(worst,mostinteresting,only)+名詞＋that”

后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)四：用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。

Thisince的四種用法since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。

Ihavebeenheresince1989.

2)since+一段時(shí)間+ago

Ihavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.

3)since+從句

Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.

4)Itis+一段時(shí)間+since從句

ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.since的四種用法have/hasbeen…表示曾到過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在回來(lái)了）have/hasgone…表示已經(jīng)到某地去了（現(xiàn)在不在說(shuō)話處）他去過(guò)北京。他到北京去了。HehasbeentoBeijing.HehasgonetoBeijing.have/hasbeen…他去過(guò)北京。Hehasb典型例題

(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?

---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.

A.was

B.havebeen

C.came

D.amcoming

(2)---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?

---No,it‘sthefirsttimeI___here.

A.even,come

B.even,havecome

C.ever,come

D.ever,havecomeB.D注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。

（錯(cuò)）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.

（對(duì)）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth典型例題

(1)---Doyouknowourto典型例題

1.Youdon‘tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.

A.hadmet

B.havemet

C.met

D.meet

答案B.首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，severaltimes告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2.---I‘msorrytokeepyouwaiting.

---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.

A.havebeen

B.hadbeen

C.was

D.willbe

答案A.等待的動(dòng)作由過(guò)去開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。典型例題

1.Youdon‘tneedtodesc一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去Hetoldmehe________aninterestingnovellastnight.②如果從句中有一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的考點(diǎn)分析（考核重點(diǎn)）。①表示過(guò)去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常與表示過(guò)去具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（或有上下文語(yǔ)境暗示）；用于表達(dá)過(guò)去的習(xí)慣；表示說(shuō)話人原來(lái)沒(méi)有料到、想到或希望的事Imetherinthestreetyesterday.

Heusedtosmokealot.

Ithoughtthefilmwouldbeinteresting,butitisn’t.readHetoldmehe________aninterTomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.

Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。③表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常由以下詞語(yǔ)連接，如but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment…

Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.（錯(cuò)）（對(duì)）TomhaswrittenalettertohTheradio________________whenyoucalledme.

----whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?----We_______________inthelab.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork.

Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?

wasbeingrepairedwereworkingTheradio________________when過(guò)去完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析（考核重點(diǎn)）句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來(lái)不孤立使用(by、bytheend、bythetime、until、before、since后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。E.G:Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.Itwasthreeyearssincewehadbeenthere.考點(diǎn)一：表示“一……就”的幾個(gè)句型：

Hardly/Scarcely/Nosoonerhad+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+when/before/than+一般過(guò)去時(shí)

Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.（注意主謂倒裝）過(guò)去完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析（考核重點(diǎn)）考點(diǎn)一：表示“一……就”的幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.Itwas3yearssincewehadparted?？键c(diǎn)三：表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped/planned…+tohavedone。IhadhopedthatIcoulddothejob.IhadintendedtoseeyoubutIwastoobusy.考點(diǎn)二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，考點(diǎn)三：表示未曾典型例題：

Thestudents___busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookthatshe___intheoffice.

A.hadwritten,left

B.werewriting,hasleft

C.hadwritten,hadleftD.werewriting,hadleft

考點(diǎn)四：“時(shí)間名詞+before”在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，用于間接引語(yǔ)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞+ago”在句中作狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式。Hesaidhisparentshaddiedtenyearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.D典型例題：

Thestudents___busily一般將來(lái)時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)將來(lái)一般將來(lái)時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)將來(lái)一般將來(lái)時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析①表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。

We’lldiewithoutairorwater.②begoingto與will/shall,betodo,beabouttodo用法及區(qū)別：

begoingto表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)?lái)要做某事，這種打算往往經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備；

shall/willdo表示未事先考慮過(guò)，即說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。(正確)(錯(cuò)誤)Ifitisfine,we’llgofishing.

Ifitisfine,wearegoingtogofishing.

注意：begoingto表將來(lái)，不能用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中；而will則能一般將來(lái)時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析(正確)Ifitisfine,we：“祈使句+and/or+句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語(yǔ)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.

betodosth.

表按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作/不可避免地將要發(fā)生的事，命中注定的事。Ameetingistobeheldat3:00o’clocktomorrow.beabouttodosth.

表示“正打算,就要”Autumnharvestisabouttostart.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或按計(jì)劃一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。明天這會(huì)我正在寫(xiě)作業(yè)。I’llbedoingmyhomeworkthistimetomorrow.

：“祈使句+and/or+句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and將來(lái)完成時(shí)

表在將來(lái)某時(shí)刻之前已完成的事情，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)非常明顯?？键c(diǎn)一：常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般用by+將來(lái)的時(shí)間。Bytheendofnextmonth,hewillhavetraveled1000milesonfoot.Bythetimeyoureachthestation,thetrain＿＿＿＿＿＿.willhaveleft考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，將來(lái)完成時(shí)則由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示。Thechildrenwilldotheirhomeworkthemomenttheyhavearrivedbackfromschool.將來(lái)完成時(shí)willhaveleft考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成的用法區(qū)別1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)是對(duì)現(xiàn)在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻而言的,過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是對(duì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻而言.兩種時(shí)態(tài)建立的時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)不同,對(duì)過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)說(shuō),這一個(gè)時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)十分重要,它是過(guò)去完成概念賴以建立的基礎(chǔ),也是和一般過(guò)去時(shí)相區(qū)別的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn).2.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用by和before引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)表示,如bythattime,bytheendof….,before2000,bythetime+句子等.英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)課件過(guò)去完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別1.兩種時(shí)態(tài)都常與一段時(shí)間和狀語(yǔ)連用,但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動(dòng)作(句中不可有表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)),而過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示的是在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過(guò)去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作(句中有表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)).2.比較下面的說(shuō)法

Shehadbeenillforaweekbeforeshecameback.

她在回來(lái)之前就生病一個(gè)星期了.(回來(lái)發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間,發(fā)病發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去)Shehasbeenillforaweek.

她生病一個(gè)星期了.(現(xiàn)在仍在生病)過(guò)去完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別主動(dòng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)一：不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞和詞組

cometrue,consistof,takeplace,happen,become,rise,occur,belongto,breakout,appear,arrive,die,fall,last,exist,fail,succeedIttookplacebeforeliberation.考點(diǎn)二：下列動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義,而且常與well,quite,easily,badly等副詞連用。

lock(鎖);wash(洗);sell(賣);read(讀);wear(穿);write(寫(xiě))；break(破碎)Glassbreakseasily.玻璃容易破碎。Thedoorwon’tlock.門鎖不上。Thebooksellswell.這本書(shū)很暢銷?？键c(diǎn)一：不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞和詞組當(dāng)feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)；用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義③want,require,need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。

④beworthdoing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。

⑤在“be+形容詞+todo”中，不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。

Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.

Thegirlisn’teasyto_______________.getalongwith另外：betoblame(受譴責(zé))，betorent/let（出租）也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。當(dāng)feel,look,smell,taste,sound等考點(diǎn)三：一些常用經(jīng)典被動(dòng)句型：Itissaid…,Itisreported…,Itiswidelybelieved…，Itisexpected…,Itisestimated…,這些句子一般翻譯為“據(jù)說(shuō)……”，“人們認(rèn)為……”，而“以前人們認(rèn)為……”

則應(yīng)該說(shuō)：Itwasbelieved…,Itwasthought…4）被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況。①beseated坐著

Heisseatedonabench.（Heseatshimselfonabench.）②behidden躲藏

Hewashiddenbehindthedoor.(Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor.)他藏在門后。③belost迷路④bedrunk喝醉⑤bedressed穿著

Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.考點(diǎn)三：一些常用經(jīng)典被動(dòng)句型：4）被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種高考時(shí)態(tài)題精練

1.----

myglasses?---Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.Haveyouseen2.Helen

herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband

home.A.Hasleft/comesB.left/hadcomeC.hadleft/cameD.hadleft/wouldcome.高考時(shí)態(tài)題精練3.----CanIhelpyou,sir?-----Yes,Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit________didn’tworkB.won’tworkC.can’tworkD.doesn’twork4.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She

ataradioshopatthetime.A,hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked3.----CanIhelpyou,sir?5.WhoisJerryCooper?

?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.Don’tyoumeethimyetB.Hadn’tyoumethimyetC.Didn’tyoumeethimyetD.Haven’tyoumethimyet6.Shirley

abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting7.-----Hi,Tracy.Youlooktired.------Iamtired.I

thelivingroomallday.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted5.WhoisJerryCooper?7.Theprice

,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.wentdownB.willgodownC.hasgonedownD.wasgoingdown8.I

ping_pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.WillplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play9.----Nancyisnotcomingtonight.-----Butshe

.A.promiseB.promisedC.willpromisedD.hadpromised7.Theprice,b10.----Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?-----I

,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did11.----Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!----Oh,I’mterriblesorry.

.A.I’mnotnoticingB.Iwasn’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticedD.Idon’tnotice12.----You’veleftthelighton.----Oh,soIhave.

andturnit.I’llgoB.I’vegoneC.IgoD.I’mgoing10.----Alice,whydidn’tyou13.-----Howareyoutoday?-----Oh,I

asillasIdonowforaverylongtime.Ａ.didn’tfeelB.wasn’tfeelingC.don’tfeelD.haven’tfelt14.ThereportersaidthattheUFO

easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravellingB.travelledC.hadbeentravellingD.wastotravel13.-----Howareyoutoday?15.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisaneasytaskbecausetechnology

sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange16.Visitors

nottotouchtheexhibits.A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequested-----Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?-----Ofcourse.Whatisit?-----I

ifyoucouldtellmehowtofilloutthisform.A.hadwonderedB.waswonderingC.wouldwonderingD.didwonder15.Selectingamobilephonef18.IwonderwhyJenny_____usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasn'twrittenB.doesn'twriteC.won'twriteD.hadn'twritten19.Idon'treallyworkhere.I______untilthenewsecretaryarrives.A.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.willjusthelpout【解析】“我只是在幫忙，直到新秘書(shū)到任為止”

20.HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe_________fromtheuniversitynextyear.A.willgraduateB.willhavegraduateC.graduatesD.istograduate【解析】bythetime后接定語(yǔ)從句，省略了關(guān)系副詞when。在這

種定語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。18.IwonderwhyJenny_____us英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)誤用對(duì)不起，我沒(méi)看見(jiàn)你在這兒。[誤]Sorry,Idon'tseeyouhere.[正]Sorry,Ididn‘tseeyouhere.

[析]根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，本句是指剛才沒(méi)看見(jiàn)對(duì)方在這，而不是現(xiàn)在沒(méi)看見(jiàn)對(duì)方在這，所以要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2.你能告訴我北京冬天是否下雪嗎？[誤]CouldyoutellmeifitsnowedinwinterinBeijing?[正]CouldyoutellmeifitsnowsinwinterinBeijing?

[析]一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)除表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作外，還可表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，即現(xiàn)階段的一個(gè)事實(shí)，句中不需要任何經(jīng)常性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)配合。could表示一種客氣的語(yǔ)氣，不表示過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)誤用3.他說(shuō)他第二天要去合肥出差。[誤]HesaidhewillgotoHefeionbusinessthenextday.

[正]HesaidhewouldgotoHefeionbusinessthenextday.

[析]主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句表示過(guò)去的將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。4.我忘了把你的傘帶來(lái)了。[誤]Iforgettobringyourumbrellawithme.

[正]Iforgottobringyourumbrellawithme.

[析]不用forget，而用forgot，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)記起來(lái)了，forgot是說(shuō)話這一時(shí)刻之前的動(dòng)作。由于受漢語(yǔ)思維習(xí)慣的影響，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)觀念不強(qiáng)，誤把一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)當(dāng)作一般過(guò)去時(shí)。3.他說(shuō)他第二天要去合肥出差。5.他父親離開(kāi)祖國(guó)已經(jīng)50年了。[誤]Hisfatherhaslefthishomelandforfiftyyears.

[正]Hisfatherhasbeenawayfromhishomelandforfiftyyears.

[析]短暫性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)(肯定式)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，要么改為表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，要么用下列句式來(lái)表達(dá)(以此句為例)：Hisfatherlefthishomelandfiftyyearsago.

Itisfiftyyearssincehisfatherlefthishomeland.

Ithasbeenfiftyyearssincehisfatherlefthishomeland.

Fiftyyearshavepassedsincehisfatherlefthishomeland.

5.他父親離開(kāi)祖國(guó)已經(jīng)50年了。6.“你去過(guò)北京嗎？”“是的，我去過(guò)?！?/p>

[誤]“HaveyougonetoBeijing?”“Yes,Ihavegonethere.”

[正]“HaveyoubeentoBeijing?”“Yes,Ihavebeenthere.”

[析]HaveyougonetoBeijing?是“你已經(jīng)到北京了嗎？”，指目前人已在北京或在赴北京的途中。說(shuō)話的時(shí)候，顯然你已不在北京了，所以說(shuō)用在這兒不恰當(dāng)。表示“過(guò)去曾去過(guò)某處而現(xiàn)在又回來(lái)了”須用havebeen。

7.如果明天不下雨，我們就去參觀美術(shù)展覽。[誤]Weshallseeanexhibitionofpain-tingsifitwon“traintomorrow.

[正]Weshallseeanexhibitionofpain-tingsifitdoesn”traintomorrow.

[析]在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。6.“你去過(guò)北京嗎？”“是的，我去過(guò)?！?/p>

8.在過(guò)去幾年中，我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。[誤]Thereweregreatchangesinourhome-towninthepastfewyears.

[正]Therehavebeengreatchangesinourhometowninthepastfewyears.

[析]“In/Duringthepast/last+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”是完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志之一，不要被past/last所迷惑，而用了過(guò)去時(shí)。

9.我不知道那艘船明天是否會(huì)準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)到。[誤]Iwonderiftheshiparrivesontimetomorrow.

[正]Iwonderiftheshipwillarriveontimetomorrow.

[析]這里if連接的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示“是否”(=whether)，而不是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“如果”。因此根據(jù)句意仍需用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。8.在過(guò)去幾年中，我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。[誤]10.自從1978年以來(lái)我們的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。[誤]Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourhometownsince1978.

[正]Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometownsince1978.

[析]takeplace和happen都是不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。11.那個(gè)村也叫國(guó)際會(huì)議村。[誤]ThevillagealsocalledtheInternationalMeetingVillage.

[正]ThevillageisalsocalledtheInternationalMeetingVillage.

[析]英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，因此在also前應(yīng)加is。10.自從1978年以來(lái)我們的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。[12.我們學(xué)校也教俄語(yǔ)。[誤]OurschoolalsoteachesRussian.

[正]Russianisalsotaughtinourschool.

[析]當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者沒(méi)有必要指明或?yàn)榇蠹宜獣r(shí)，通常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。顯然ourschool不是teach的執(zhí)行者，而應(yīng)該是沒(méi)有表示出來(lái)的teachers，因此，要把動(dòng)作的承受者Russian用作主語(yǔ)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表達(dá)。13.我們都認(rèn)識(shí)那位科學(xué)家。[誤]Thescientistisknownbyusall.

[正]Thescientistisknowntousall.

[析]by表示動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。而表示范圍、地點(diǎn)等用法時(shí)，要用介詞to或in。12.我們學(xué)校也教俄語(yǔ)。

14.孩子們陸續(xù)地走進(jìn)了博物館。[誤]Themuseumwasenteredbythechildrenonebyone.

[正]Thechildrenenteredthemuseumonebyone.

[析]某些及物動(dòng)詞，如leave,enter,reach,join等后接表示地點(diǎn)、處所、組織名稱的名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。15.他在會(huì)上向我們作了自我介紹。[誤]Himselfwasintroducedtousatthemeetingbyhim.

[正]Heintroducedhimselftousatthemeeting.

[析]反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。16.這本雜志在這兒很暢銷。[誤]Thismagazineissoldwellhere.

[正]Thismagazinesellswellhere.

[析]有些動(dòng)詞，如：act,add,brush,burn,clean,cook,count,cut,draw,drive,keep,lock,look,open,read,sell,smoke,strike,wash,wear,write等，其主動(dòng)形式在一些具體場(chǎng)合表示被動(dòng)意義。這類句子的特點(diǎn)是：主語(yǔ)往往是"物"而不是"人"。另外，后面往往帶有well這一類副詞，或者修飾主語(yǔ)的形容詞14.孩子們陸續(xù)地走進(jìn)了博物館。Thankyou!Thankyou!知識(shí)回顧KnowledgeReview知識(shí)回顧KnowledgeReviewTense&voiceTense&voice

體（form）時(shí)（time）一般時(shí)indefinite進(jìn)行時(shí)continuous完成時(shí)perfect完成進(jìn)行時(shí)perfect

continuous現(xiàn)在present一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)study

studies現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)amis

studyingare現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have

studied

has

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have

been

studyinghas過(guò)去past一般過(guò)去時(shí)studied過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was

studyingwere過(guò)去完成時(shí)

had

studied過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

hadbeenstudying將來(lái)Future一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall

studywill將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)shallbestudyingwill將來(lái)完成時(shí)shallhavestudiedwill將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)shallhavebeenstudyingwill過(guò)去將來(lái)Futureinthepast過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)shouldstudywould過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)shouldbestudyingwould過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)shouldhavestudiedwould過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)shouldhavebeenstudyingwould時(shí)態(tài)的種類英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)以study為例，列表如下：一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)高考題鞏固題1鞏固題2過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)高考題鞏固題1鞏固題2主動(dòng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在Ilearnedthattheearth＿＿＿aroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.Ifheacceptsthejob,hewillgetmoremoneysoon.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：時(shí)間：when,until,after,before,assoonas,once,themoment/theminute;

Eg:WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.

條件：if,unless,provided.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)goes考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Ilearnedthattheearth＿＿＿ar1）Thetrain______atsixtomorrowmorning.

Whendoesthebusstart?It______intenminutes.leavesstartsIfyouwillacceptmyinvitation,myfamilywillbepleased.注意：由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。2）倒裝句（由here，there開(kāi)頭的句子，動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）

Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.

Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.考點(diǎn)三：下列動(dòng)詞：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return，open,close的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。這主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。1）Thetrain______atsixtomor現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Thehouseis_____________thesedays.Thelittleboyisalwaysmakingtrouble.

考點(diǎn)一：與頻率副詞，如always，constantly，continually等連用表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。Heisalwaysthinkingofhiswork(贊許)他老是把東西亂扔。Heisconstantlyleavinghisthingsabout.（不滿）他老愛(ài)說(shuō)大話。Heisalwaysboasting(厭煩)beingbuilt現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Thehouseis____________考點(diǎn)二：表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

,僅限于少量動(dòng)詞：go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,stay,do,have,seesboff…

Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?工作進(jìn)行的怎么樣？工作進(jìn)行的相當(dāng)順利。你進(jìn)步很快。我們想在這里建一座水壩。風(fēng)挺大有人找你接電話。Howareyougettingonwithyourwork?Theworkisgoingfairlysmoothly.You’remakingrapidprogress.We’rethinkingofbuildingadamhere.It’sblowinghard.Someoneisaskingforyouonthephone.考點(diǎn)二：表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,僅限于少量動(dòng)注意：下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。（A）表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)作：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。（B）表存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear,exist,lie,remain,seem，belongto，dependon。（C）表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。（D）表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。注意：下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。考點(diǎn)一：for+時(shí)間段；since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)TheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.TheyhavelivedinBeijingsince1995.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)二：常見(jiàn)的不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：lately;recently,just,already,yet,ever,never,uptonow;tillnow;sofar,thesedays,once,twice,threetimes…

Hasitstoppedrainingyet?考點(diǎn)三：在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/年/月以來(lái)……”時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。in/over/duringthepastfewyears/months/weeks/days；forthelastfewcenturies,throughcenturies;throughouthistory等考點(diǎn)一：for+時(shí)間段；since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在完成考點(diǎn)四：用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型

ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.

Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.

1）This/That/Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。

ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.

2）This/That/Itisthebest(worst,mostinteresting,only)+名詞＋that”

后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)四：用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。

Thisince的四種用法since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。

Ihavebeenheresince1989.

2)since+一段時(shí)間+ago

Ihavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.

3)since+從句

Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.

4)Itis+一段時(shí)間+since從句

ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.since的四種用法have/hasbeen…表示曾到過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在回來(lái)了）have/hasgone…表示已經(jīng)到某地去了（現(xiàn)在不在說(shuō)話處）他去過(guò)北京。他到北京去了。HehasbeentoBeijing.HehasgonetoBeijing.have/hasbeen…他去過(guò)北京。Hehasb典型例題

(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?

---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.

A.was

B.havebeen

C.came

D.amcoming

(2)---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?

---No,it‘sthefirsttimeI___here.

A.even,come

B.even,havecome

C.ever,come

D.ever,havecomeB.D注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。

（錯(cuò)）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.

（對(duì)）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth典型例題

(1)---Doyouknowourto典型例題

1.Youdon‘tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.

A.hadmet

B.havemet

C.met

D.meet

答案B.首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，severaltimes告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2.---I‘msorrytokeepyouwaiting.

---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.

A.havebeen

B.hadbeen

C.was

D.willbe

答案A.等待的動(dòng)作由過(guò)去開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。典型例題

1.Youdon‘tneedtodesc一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去Hetoldmehe________aninterestingnovellastnight.②如果從句中有一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的考點(diǎn)分析（考核重點(diǎn)）。①表示過(guò)去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常與表示過(guò)去具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（或有上下文語(yǔ)境暗示）；用于表達(dá)過(guò)去的習(xí)慣；表示說(shuō)話人原來(lái)沒(méi)有料到、想到或希望的事Imetherinthestreetyesterday.

Heusedtosmokealot.

Ithoughtthefilmwouldbeinteresting,butitisn’t.readHetoldmehe________aninterTomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.

Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。③表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常由以下詞語(yǔ)連接，如but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment…

Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.（錯(cuò)）（對(duì)）TomhaswrittenalettertohTheradio________________whenyoucalledme.

----whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?----We_______________inthelab.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork.

Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?

wasbeingrepairedwereworkingTheradio________________when過(guò)去完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析（考核重點(diǎn)）句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來(lái)不孤立使用(by、bytheend、bythetime、until、before、since后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。E.G:Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.Itwasthreeyearssincewehadbeenthere.考點(diǎn)一：表示“一……就”的幾個(gè)句型：

Hardly/Scarcely/Nosoonerhad+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+when/before/than+一般過(guò)去時(shí)

Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.（注意主謂倒裝）過(guò)去完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析（考核重點(diǎn)）考點(diǎn)一：表示“一……就”的幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.Itwas3yearssincewehadparted?？键c(diǎn)三：表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped/planned…+tohavedone。IhadhopedthatIcoulddothejob.IhadintendedtoseeyoubutIwastoobusy.考點(diǎn)二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，考點(diǎn)三：表示未曾典型例題：

Thestudents___busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookthatshe___intheoffice.

A.hadwritten,left

B.werewriting,hasleft

C.hadwritten,hadleftD.werewriting,hadleft

考點(diǎn)四：“時(shí)間名詞+before”在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，用于間接引語(yǔ)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞+ago”在句中作狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式。Hesaidhisparentshaddiedteny