Unit5LanguagearoundtheworldReadingandthinkingTomastersomereadingskillsincludingprediction,skimmingandscanning.Goals12Tomasterimportantwordsandphrasesinthispart.Workingroups.Discussthequestions.Canyourecognizethesesymbols?Whatcharactersarethey?口日水力田火月山Leading-inLookatthetitleandpicturebelow.Predictwhatthetextwillbeabout.ItisaboutthehistoryofChinesecharacter.BeforeReading

Chinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilisationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes,despitethemanyupsanddownsinitshistory.Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.

Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture—basedlanguage.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu—animalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.Someoftheancientsymbolscallstillbeseenintoday'shanzi.

BytheShangDynasty(around1600-1046BC),thesesymbolshadbecomeawell—developedwritingsystem.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.This,however,changedunderEmperorQinshihuangoftheQinDynasty(221-207BC).BeforeReadingTHECHINESEWRITINGSYSTEM:CONNECTINGTHEPASTANDTHEPRESENTEmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.

WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeinimportantmeansbywhichChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.PeopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworkswhichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.ThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartform,knownasChinesecalligraphy,whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChineseculture.

Today,theChinesewritingsystemisstillanimportantpartofChineseculture.AsChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs,anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina’scultureandhistorythroughthisamazinglanguage.Readthetextquicklytofindthemainideaofeachparagraph.

1.Chinaiswell-knownforitsancientcivilization.2.ThebeginningofChinesecharacter.3.ThewritingsysteminShangDynasty.4.ChinesecharacterbeginstodevelopinonedirectionunderQinshihuang’srule.5.WrittenChineseconnectedancientChinaandChina’spresent.6.WritingsystemtodayisstillanimportantpartinChineseculture.AfterReadingAtthebeginning—picture-basedlanguageQinshihuang’srule—ChinesecharacterbeginstodevelopinonedirectionToday—WritingsystemisstillanimportantpartinChineseculture.ShangDynasty—leadtodifferentdialectsandcharactersScanScanningislookingatthetextquicklytofindspecificinformation,suchasdatesornumbers.3Scanthetexttofindthewordsandphrasesthatdescribeatime.Thenwritedownwhathappenedateachofthoseimportanttimes.7000yearsagotheShangDynastytheQinDynastyInmoderntimesnowApicture-basedlanguageAunitedwritingsystemAgloballanguageAwell-developedwritingsystemChinesecalligraphyTheChineseWritingSystemThedevelopmentofChinesecharacters

1HowdidwrittenChineseunifyChinesepeopledividedbygeographyanddialects?2HowdoeswrittenChineseconnectChinesepeopletodaywiththoseofthepast?Peopleinmoderntimecanreadtheclassicworkinancienttimes.Itallowed

Chinesepeople,nomatterwheretheylivedorwhatdialecttheyhad,tocommunicatewitheachother.4Readthetextagainanddiscussthequestions.3Accordingtothewriter,theChinesewritingsystemisonefactorthathashelpedtheChineselanguageandculturesurvive.Whatdoyouthinkaresomeoftheotherfactors?

ForthewritingsystemofChineselanguage,thecontinuousdevelopmentofChina'sagriculture,arelativelypowerfulgovernment,distinguishedphilosophicalschoolsdeveloped,andanopenmindtoembracedifferentculturesareallpossibleandimportantfactors.Besides,educationisalwaysemphasisedinChina'sfamilytraditions.ChinesecalligraphyhasdevelopedalongwithChina’s__________.Itisdifficulttosaywhenexactlycalligraphystarted.Chinesewritingwasfirstdoneby________symbolsontobonesandshells,butasitdevelopedintoawriting__________italsodevelopedasaformofartdonewithabrush.ItisbelievedthatChinesecalligraphy___________toatleasttheHanDynasty(202BCE—220CE).Soonafterthat,theideadevelopedthatcalligraphywasnotonlyabeautifulartformbutalsoa_______ofshowingthecharacterofthe“manbehindthebrush”.Today,anyonefromsmallchildrentooldpeoplecanenjoypractisingthe_______artofChinesecalligraphy.

carvingsystemdatesback

meanscivilisationclassic5Completethepassagewiththecorrectwordsandphrasebelow.system

carving

means

datesback

classic

civilisation1ManyChinesecharacterssymbolisetheirmeanings,unlikeEnglishwordswhichare

speltoutaccordingtohowtheysound.2ThebasicformsoftheEnglishwritingsystemareknownasletters.3Aunifiedwritingsystemisconsideredtobeanimportantpartofcivilisedsociety.4LearningChinesecalligraphywillincreaseyourappreciationofChineseculture.

象征；代表symbol基本的；基礎(chǔ)的based文明的；civilization欣賞appreciate6Guessthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordsinthesentences.Thenlookinthetextforthewordstheyarerelatedto.Languagepoints經(jīng)典例句Inspiteof/Despitetheheavytraffic,hemanagedtoarriveontime.Although/Thoughthetrafficwasheavy,hemanagedtoarriveontime.Heavyas/Thoughthetrafficwas,hemanagedtoarriveontime.盡管交通擁擠，他還是設(shè)法準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)了。despite歸納拓展

inspiteof/despite=although/though/as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句意為“雖然，盡管”，為介詞，后加名詞，代詞或v-ing,不能加從句。相對(duì)于inspiteof,但本身是介詞，不能和of連用。經(jīng)典例句Theboatfloatedupanddownonthewater.小船在水面上下浮動(dòng)。Shewaspacingupanddowninfrontofherdesk.她在辦公桌前踱來(lái)踱去。Myrelationshipwithhimwasupanddown.我和她的關(guān)系時(shí)好時(shí)壞。upsanddowns浮沉；興衰；榮辱3）時(shí)好時(shí)壞結(jié)構(gòu)類似短語(yǔ)dayandnightbackandforthinandouthereandthere知識(shí)鏈接upanddown1)上下波動(dòng)，起伏

2）來(lái)回，往復(fù)

經(jīng)典例句Wemustbaseourselvesontheinterestsofthepeople.我們一定要從人民的利益出發(fā)。Hecutdownthetreecloseatthebase.他在近根處將樹(shù)砍倒。basev.以……為基礎(chǔ)；base…on/upon…以……為基礎(chǔ)（被動(dòng)形式：bebasedon）n.底部；底座；基地；據(jù)點(diǎn)；總部；大本營(yíng)歸納拓展

basicadj.基礎(chǔ)的，基本的baselessadj.無(wú)根據(jù)的basicallyadv.基本上經(jīng)典例句Don’tforgettodateyourletter.別忘了給你的信寫日期。IshestilldatingMary？他還在和瑪麗約會(huì)嗎？Thehistoryofhockeycandatebacktothousandsago.曲棍球的歷史可以追溯到數(shù)千年前。date2)和……約會(huì)歸納拓展datebackto追溯到

makeadatewithsb.與某人約會(huì)

beoutonadate出去約會(huì)uptodate最新的1)標(biāo)注日期歸納拓展

avarietyof各種……variousadj.多種多樣的varyv.相異；改變in在某方面不同from...to…從…..到……不同with隨……而變化經(jīng)典例句There'realargevarietyofgoodsintheshops.商店里有各式各樣的商品。Hiswritinglacksvariety.他的文體缺乏變化。varietyn.[U]變化，多樣化;[C]品種歸納拓展major

adj.大的majorityn.多數(shù)minoradj.較少的minorityn.少數(shù)經(jīng)典例句The

major

problem

at

present

is

how

to

overcomeallthedifficulties.目前的主要問(wèn)題是如何克服所有困難。ShemajorsinEnglish.她主修英語(yǔ)專業(yè)。majoradj.主要的，重大的n.[C]主修課程；專業(yè)課vi.主修搭配：majorin歸納拓展meansn.方式，方法（單復(fù)數(shù)同行）重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):bymeansof借助………手段bynomeans決不;點(diǎn)也不(置于句首時(shí)，句子部分倒裝)byallmeans沒(méi)問(wèn)題;當(dāng)然行bythismeans=inthisway=withthismethod通過(guò)這種方式(1)meanv.meantodo打算做meandoing意味著(2)meaningn.意思;意義meaningfuladv.重要的(3)adj.吝嗇的，小氣的;刻薄。bemeantosb.對(duì)某人刻薄經(jīng)典例句Ihadmeanttogiveyouthisbook,

butIforgot.我本來(lái)打算給你這本書(shū)的，可是我忘了。Successmeansworkinghard.成功意味著要付出努力。Whatdoyoumeanbysaying