初中英語中的后置定語在英漢兩種語言中，定語的作用大致相同，但值得注意的是，漢語里的定語都是放在它所修飾詞之前，而在英語里，定語的位置既有在被修飾的詞之前也有在被修飾的詞之后，本課主要就初中英語教學(xué)中常見的后置定語作一探討。一、所有的短語作定語要后置(介短、形短、不短、分短).介詞短語作后置定語thefalloftheRomanEmpire羅馬帝國的滅亡childrenunderten10歲以下的孩子athirstforknowledge求知欲hisexperienceinteachingphonetics他教授語音學(xué)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)ThenthemanintheshopunderstoodwhattheFrenchmanmeant.(介詞短語)Iseeyou'vemadesomedrawingsofourdefenceworks..不定式短語作后置定語Hehadnotimetothinkaboutrest..分詞短語作后置定語，在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句Chinastretchesacrossavastareacovering(=whichcovers)thecold,temperateandtropicalzones.中國幅員遼闊，包括寒帶、溫帶和熱帶。Wearebrotherssharing(=whoshare)wealandwoe.我們是患難與共的兄弟。Theyliveinaroomfacing(=thatfaces)thesea.他們住在一間朝南的房子里。Theyareproblemsleft(=whichhavebeenleft)overbyhistory.這些是歷史遺留下來的問題。TheamountofworkTheproblem(thatwas)discussedhasbeensolved.Theamountofwork(thatwas)donecanbemeasuredinthisway.Theexperience(thathasbeen)gainedwillbeofgreatvaluetous.Therewereveryfewpeoplelivinghere.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語)Mr.Smith,thebossofasmallfactory,oncehiredayoungworkercalledJohnHill.(過去分t^短語).形容詞短語作后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句Hecastitasecondtimeanddrewinanoldbasketfullofsand.Hesawamagazineonthetablenexttohim.wordsuitabletotheoccasion適合這樣場合的言辭avillageremotefromthemaddingcrowd遠(yuǎn)離喧囂塵世的村莊sentencesdifficulttounderstand難于理解的句子amanreadytolendahandatanytime一個(gè)隨時(shí)樂于幫助他人的人二、所有的定語從句一律自然后置ThenthereisonlyonethingIcando.三、甚至許多單個(gè)單詞也可作后置定語：.形容詞作后置定語①四one、四thing、四body、四where的修飾語(如something,somewhere,anyone,anybody),定語只能后置。Haveyoureadanythinginteresting?Anyoneintelligentcandoit.任何有腦子的都能做這事。Therewassomebodyelseintheroombesidesus.Let，sgosomewherequiet.Hewantedtogetsomeonereliabletohelpinthiswork.他想找一個(gè)可靠的人幫忙做這工作。Thisstorecarrieseverythingnecessaryforpainting.這家商店賣繪畫所需的任何商品。ThereissomethingwrongwithmyTV.我的電視出毛病了。Soit'snothingserious,Doctor?Onedaywhiletheywereworkinginthefields,somefarmersawsomethingstrangeinthesky.

Thereissomethingimportantintoday'snewspaper.今天報(bào)紙上有條重要新聞。Hewantedtogetsomeonereliabletohelpinthiswork.他想找個(gè)可靠的人幫忙做這項(xiàng)工作。Canyoufindanywherequiet?你能找個(gè)清靜的地方嗎？Hehasbeensenttosomewhereparticular.他已被派至U某個(gè)特殊的地方去了。②某些以-able或Tble結(jié)尾的形容詞若與有限制性較強(qiáng)的定語.如only,all,any,every或形容詞最高級連用，表示暫時(shí)的特征或現(xiàn)象時(shí)，常后置。Wemustsavethepatientbyeverymeansimaginable.It'sthebestperformancepossible.這是再好沒有的表演了。Thisisthebestsolutionpossible.That'stheonlystarvisiblenow.那是顆現(xiàn)在唯一可見的星。There'sonlyalittlemoneyavailableforthetrip..他是唯一合適的演員。這趟旅行只有少數(shù)的錢可供花用。.他是唯一合適的演員。HewastheonlyactorsuitableIt'stheonlysolutionpossible.這是唯一可能采取的解決辦法。It'stheonlysolutionpossible.這是唯一可能采取的解決辦法。還有票嗎？還有票嗎？那是顆現(xiàn)在唯一可見的星星。Arethereanyticketsavailable?That'stheonlystarvisiblenow.③兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的形容詞詞組作定語、修飾泛指意義的名詞時(shí)常后置，以加強(qiáng)語氣。如：Ihaveneverseenafilmmoreinterestingandinstructive.我還從未看過這樣有趣又有教育意義的電影。Allvillagers,youngandold,wentouttoharvestthecrops.老少村民都去收割莊稼了。Weliketheteachersbothknowledgeableandhumorous我們喜歡知識淵博又有幽默感的老師④有少數(shù)幾個(gè)以a-開頭的表語形容詞作定語，如alive,alone,ablaze等和present,absent,concerned,involved等表示短暫性特征時(shí)，通常放在它們所修飾的名詞之后。如：Theyarethehappiestchildrenalive.AllthememberspresentarefromAfrica.allthestudentspresent所有在場的學(xué)生Thepeopleinvolvedwerenothere.theonlypersonawake唯一醒著的人catchalionalive活捉獅子There'sonlyababyasleepintheroom.屋子里只有一個(gè)熟睡的嬰兒。Hewastheonlypersonawakeatthemoment.他是那時(shí)唯一醒著的人。Heisoneofthefewworkersalivetodaywhotookpartinthestrike.他是參加過這次罷工當(dāng)今還活著的少數(shù)工人之一。⑤enough作定語修飾的名詞前無冠詞時(shí)，要后置。例如：Idon'thavewineenoughforfivepersons.我的酒不夠給5個(gè)人喝。Iwasfoolenoughtoaccepthisoffer.我接受他的建議可真夠傻的。Ihaven'ttimeenoughtodothework.我沒有足夠的時(shí)間做那件工作。Hehasn'tmanenoughtoadmithismistake.他沒有勇于認(rèn)錯(cuò)的大丈夫氣概。⑥proper作“本身的、嚴(yán)格意義上的”講時(shí)必須放在所修飾的名詞之后。如：Aftertheintroductionwestartedthemeetingproper..方位副詞作后置定語：here,there,in,out,above,below,home,abroad,before,yesterdayHeisonhiswayhome.他在回家途中。

?你能給我講Canyoutellmesomethingaboutthesocialsystemthere?你能給我講講那里的社會(huì)制度嗎？Ithadbeenfinethedaybefore.前一天的天氣彳艮好。Theycouldseetheenemyenteringthevillageinthevalleybelow.Thisbookhereismostuseful.Couldyoutellmethesituationthere?你能告訴我那兒的情況嗎?Thepressuresaboveweretoogreat.Thecloudsabovemovedfast.頭上的云快速移動(dòng)。Phecourtbelow在下級法院Hetoldusaboutthetripabroad.Imetanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.在回家的路上我遇到一個(gè)老朋友。I'llcomeovertoseeyouonmynextdayoff.我下次休假時(shí)再來看你。Isthereanythingontonight?今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎？Thebuildingsaroundaremostlyofmodernconstruction.附近的建筑物多數(shù)上現(xiàn)代化建筑。.else用在疑問代詞和不定代詞/副詞之后Nothingelsehappened.沒有其它的事情發(fā)生。Whoelsewentthere?還有誰去了那兒？Whatelsedidsheask?她還問了什么？Youmusthaveleftyourletterssomewhereelse.你一定把你的信放在其它某個(gè)地方了。Howelsecouldwehavedoneit?不那樣做，我們當(dāng)時(shí)又能怎樣呢？Thereislittleelseyoucandotoimproveyourself.除此之外，能使你進(jìn)步的方法幾乎沒有。沒剩下什么事要做的了Didyouseeanybodyelse?你還看到別人了嗎？沒剩下什么事要做的了Littleelseremainstobedone.Whoelsewantedtogothere?還有誰想去那兒？.分詞作定語強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞本身的動(dòng)作而不是比較永久的特點(diǎn)時(shí)，要后置。如:Mostofthepeoplesingingarethestudents.唱歌的人多數(shù)是學(xué)生。Theirhighstandardshowedtheprogressmade.他們的高水平表明了他們?nèi)〉玫倪M(jìn)步。.所修飾詞前面有加強(qiáng)語氣的theone時(shí)須后置。例如：Thisistheonethingneedful.這是唯一需要的東西。.在