第一單元知識點1.abstract1)adj.深奧的，抽象的1)adj.深奧的，抽象的faithfuladj.忠誠的，可靠的befaithfulto…對??忠誠e.g.Beautyisabstractbutahouseisnot.v.提煉，抽??；概括，寫摘要e.g.Rubberisabstractedfromtrees.e.g.Heisabstractingastoryforabookreview^在為一篇書評撰寫故事摘要。n.anabstractofalecture^個演講的摘要.WouldyouratherhaveChineseorWestern-stylepaintingsinyourhome?wouldratherdosth情愿做?…wouldratherdosth情愿做?…wouldrathersbdosth情愿sb做.…e.g.Iwouldratheryoucameheretomorrow.wouldratherdosththandosth=woulddosthratherthandosth=prefertodosthratherthandosth=preferdoingsthtodoingsthe.g.Iwouldrathergowithyouthanstayhere.=Iwouldgowithyouratherthanstayhere.=Iprefertogowithyouratherthanstayhere.=Iprefergoingwithyoutostayinghere..faithn.信任，信仰breakone'sfaithwithsb.對某人不守信用 keepfaithwith忠于信仰；守信havefaithin相信，信任losefaithin不再相信 ingoodfaith老實地；誠懇地e.g.Ikeptfaithwithhim.我信守了對他的諾言。Hewholosesfaith,losesall失去信心的人，失去所有。.consequentlyadv.所以，因止匕e.g.MrFosterhasneverbeentoChina.Consequently,heknowsverylittleaboutit.consequentadj.作為結(jié)果的，隨之發(fā)生的 consequencen.結(jié)果asaconsequence/result=inconsequenceasaconsequence/resultof=becauseofe.g.Shewasfoundguilty,andlostherjobinconsequence(ofit)..aimA.1)n.目標(biāo)(C)e.g.Whatisyouraiminlife?你生活的目的是什么？withoutaim無目的的/無目標(biāo)的 achieveongsaim達(dá)至U目標(biāo)missonesaim打不中目標(biāo)(U)對準(zhǔn)，瞄準(zhǔn)takeaimat e.g.Thehuntertookaimatthelion.2)v.(以槍等)對準(zhǔn)，瞄準(zhǔn)aimataimatthetarget=takeaimatthetarge?準(zhǔn)靶子e.g.Heaimedhisgunatthetiger,firedbutmissedit.aimlessa.無目標(biāo)的，無目的的Sheledanaimlesslife.B.打算,計劃，以?一為目標(biāo)，立志做?…aimatdoing=aimtodo瞄準(zhǔn)，力求做到，力爭達(dá)到e.g.Harryaimsatbecomingadoctor./Harryaimstobecomeadoctor.6.evidentadj.明白的，明顯的e.g.Theapplausemadeitevidentthattheplaywasahit.Itisevident(obvious)(tosb)that…e.g.It'sevidentthatyouaretired.n.evidence證據(jù);證明 inevidence=evident明顯的.realistic現(xiàn)實主義的，逼真的，現(xiàn)實的inamorerealisticway以一種更逼真的形式realism現(xiàn)實主義 realist現(xiàn)實主義者realadj.真的realizev.實現(xiàn).adoptvt..采取;采納;吸收e.g.Aftermuchdeliberation,thepresidentdecidedtoadopthersuggestion..過繼，收養(yǎng)[(+as)]e.g.Mr.Kernadoptedtheorphanashisownson..正式通過，接受 e.g.Theagendawasadoptedaftersomediscussion.adoptedadj.被收養(yǎng)的，被采用的anadoptedchild.possess用作動詞時，不能用于進(jìn)行時。“有，擁有"e.g.Thelibrarypossessesanumberoftheartistearlyworks.“具有?…的特質(zhì)" bepossessedofstht為“具有某種品質(zhì)或特征”“支配，控制“e.g.Hewaspossessedbythedesiretoberich.possession[c]貝才產(chǎn)，所有物(常用復(fù)數(shù)) personalpossession就人貝才產(chǎn)e.g.Theringisoneofhermostvaluablepossessions.[ul占有，擁有Take/get/have/gainpossessionof占領(lǐng)，奪取 inpossessionof(表主動)占inthepossessionof=inone'spossession(表被動)…被占有〃e.g.Heisin~ofthehouse.他擁有這套房子。Thehouseisinthe~ofhim.這套房子在他的占有之下。.convincevt.“使確信；使信服”convincesb.todosth..說?某人做?…convincesbofsthconvincesb+that從何使某人確信某事e.g.Heconvincedmeofhissincerity.他使我確信他的真誠。Iwasconvincedthathewassincere.sb.beconvincedofsthsb.beconvincedthat一某人確信。。。.attempt v.嘗試，企圖，努力去執(zhí)行或完成attemptdoing反復(fù)嘗試做 attempttodo企圖做attempttodo/doing=trytodo/doinge.g.Iattemptedtospeakbutwastoldtobequiet.n.1)企圖或努力 2)襲擊；攻擊anattemptonsomeone'slif取寸某人生命的攻擊makeanattempttodosth/atdoingsth嘗試做?一atonesattempt在??嘗試下onesfirstattempt初次嘗試e.g.Shemadeanattempttocookthedinne她試著做這頓飯。12.ontheotherhand另一方面，相當(dāng)于一個副詞。常與ononehand連用。Ononehand-ontheotherhand一方面另??一方面Ononee.g.Thisjobisnotwellpaid,butontheotherhand,Idon'thavetoworklonghours.hand,Ineedacomputer,butontheotherhand,Idonhaveenoughmoney.Ononeathand在手邊，在附近 byhand用手的，手工的gohandinhandwith與??共同行動13.figure外形;體形;人影e.g.Isawafigureinthedarkness.2)體態(tài);風(fēng)姿 e.g.Shehasaslenderfigure.3)人物;名人 e.g.Hehasbecomeafigureknowntoeveryone.4)數(shù)字 e.g.Wheredidyougetthosefigures?14.1)aggressiveadj.敢作敢為的；有闖勁的；侵略性的；好斗的e.g.Heisveryaggressive.他生性好斗。anaggressivesalesmarr干勁彳艮大的售貨員aggressiveweapons攻擊性武器2)aggressivelyadv.氣勢洶洶地 3)aggressionn侵略(行動)aggressorn.侵略者15.intheflesh活生生，本人，親自 fleshn.肌肉；肉e.g.HaveyoueverseenJayChouintheflesh?見過周杰倫本人嗎？fleshandblood肉體，血肉之軀e.g.Thoughheisahero,heisstillfleshandblood.loseflesh減肥gain/putonflesh增肥flesh-eating食肉的16.preference1)更加的喜愛偏愛[U][C][(+for)]e.g.Awindowseatismypreference^喜歡靠窗的座位。2)偏愛的事物(或人)[C]e.g.Whichisyourpreference,teaorcoffee?3)偏袒[U][(+for)]e.g.Parentsshouldnoshowpreferenceforanyoneoftheirchildren.4)優(yōu)先(權(quán));優(yōu)惠權(quán)[U][C] inpreferenceto優(yōu)先于 haveapreferencefor偏愛e.g.Ihaveapreferenceforclassicmusic.Idchoosethesmallcarinpreferencetothelargerone..appealvi.1)呼吁，懇求appealtosbforsth. e.g.Heappealedtomeforhelp.2)訴諸，求助[(+to)] e.g.Wewillappealtoavarietyofsourcesofinformation.3)有吸引力，迎合愛力子[(+to)] e.g.TheideaappealedtoMary.4)【律】上訴[(+to/against)]e.g.Heappealedagainstthefive-yearsentencehehadbeengiven..reputationn.名譽洛聲[(+for)]e.g.Thestorehasanexcellentreputationforfairdealing.Cheatingatthegameruinedthatplayesreputation.liveuptoone'sreputation不負(fù)盛名 loseonesreputation失去盛名winahighreputation贏得很高的聲譽.morethan+名詞意為“不僅僅”e.g.Jasonismorethanalecturer;heisawriter,too.morethan徽詞，意為“超過”相當(dāng)于over,其反義詞組為lessthane.g.Therearemorethantwohundredpeopleinthepark.“moretha葉形容詞/副詞”是“很”或“非?！钡囊馑?。e.g.Iammorethancontentwithwhatyousaid.我對你的講話十分滿意。3)在“more...than...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，肯定“more”后面的內(nèi)容而否定“than”后面的部分，常譯為“是?…而不是???” 或“與其說?…不如說e.g.Hearingtheloudnoise,theboywasmoresurprisedthanfrightened.聽到這巨大的聲響，男孩與其說是害怕不如說是感到很驚訝。 20.contemporary1)adj.當(dāng)代的；同時代的；同年齡的e.g.HislectureisoncontemporaryAmericannovelists.Hehasfurnitureofcontemporarystyle.becontemporarywith與??同時代e.g.WasJonsoncontemporarywithShakespeare?森是否與莎士比亞同輩?2)n.[C]同時代的人，同年齡的人；同時期的東西；當(dāng)代人，現(xiàn)代人e.g.Hewaslookeddownuponbyhiscontemporaries他被他的同時代的人瞧不起。Youhavetobe .Anybodylikeyouwithoutany experienceisnotlikelytobegivenabigsalaryevenifyougraduatefromafamousuniversity..A.true;realisticB.realistic;practicalC.practical;realisticD.real;realisticSculpturesaresomething buttheconceptstheydemonstrateare ,whichtakeswisdomtounderstandA.real;subtractB.concrete;abstractC.realistic;subscribeD.specific;conventionalHavefaith yourself,befaithful yourworkandmakeeveryeffortyoucanandthenyouarenotfarawayfromsuccess.A.of;of B.in;inC.to;in D.in;toPlowingthefieldisthe meanstogrowcropsinChina,typical theChinesefarmingforthousandsofyears.A.controversial;withB.traditional;inC.conventional;ofD.contemporary;toStrictmeasureshavetobe toprotect childrenfromfamilyabuses.A.adapted;adoptedB.adopted;adoptedC.adjusted;adjustedD.attached;adoptedStudentsaregivenalotofexercisestodo, toimprovetheirgrades.A.aimed B.aiming C.tobeaimedD.toaimNobodyknowsforsurewhopossessedtheancientflowervase.Inotherwords,nobodyknowsforsurewhois oftheflowervase.A.inpossessionB.inthepossessionC.ofthepossessionD.withpossession8.Thestoryistotallymadeup.If ithappenstobe anyone’sexperience,weareheretoapologize.A.bycoincidence;similarto B.byaccident;incoincidencewithC.bychance;bycoincidencewith D.X;incoincidencetoWhethereuthanasia^樂死）shouldbemadelegalhasbeeninthelawcircleformanyyears.A.conventionalB.controversial C.potential D.experimentalItisridiculousofyoutobeafraidofyourown ,whichfollowseverywhereyougowhenthereislight.A.shade B.shadow C.figure D.sculptureIhaveheardofthefamousscholarthousandsoftimesbuthav’etnseenhim .A.intheflesh B.inpersonal C.inflesh D.inprivateAllvisitorswereamazedattheskillsand theartist whencarvingthefigureonthemarbleA.technologies;showed B.techniques;displayedC.technology;made D.technique;displayedInsucha situation,wehavetobecarefulofwhatwesayandwhatwedo.A.delicate B.fragile C.weak D.flexibleIt asuperbmindtopredictwhatwillexactlyhappeninthefuture.A.takes B.costs C.spends D.makesItstillremainsamysterywhysomepeopleare certainflowerfragrancewhileothersarenot.A.allergictoB.accustomedtoC.addictedtoD.appealingtoEgypt ahighreputationofancientcivilizationacrosstheworldA.likes B.appreciates C.enjoys D.isfondof17.oftimeandenergyhasbeenspentinmakingtheearthquake-strickenareasapermanentmuseumtoremindpeoplehowdisastrousanaturaldisastercanbe.A.LargequantitiesB.AgreatdealC.AgoodmanyD.Aplenty

18.Thegirltofigureoutwhattheboysattemptwasbygivingherabunchofrosesbutwithoutsuccess.A.managed;X B.succeeded;onC.attempted;atD.tried;on.Visualteachingaidstostudentsandhelpthemlearnbetterbuttheyshouldnotbeoverusedinclass.A.attract;ontheotherhand B.appeal;ontheotherhandC.holdinterest;onotherhand D.areinterested;ononehand.exhibitsmadeofclayonexhibitionhavetobetakenspecialcareofthemfrombeingdamaged.A.Delicate;preventingB.Fragile;tostopC.Weak;tokeepD.Faint;keeping

21.Theoldmanenjoyscollectingsignaturesofcotemporaryfamouspeoplefamouspaintings.A.withpreferenceofB.inpreferencetoC.inpreferenceforD.withpreferenceto

22.Thedistrictcommitteehavingabigheadacheinwiththeaggressiveboyswhomaketroublenowandtheninthearea.A.is;dealing B.are;dealing C.is;doing D.are;doing23.Pleasegiveusaexplanationwhyyouhavedonesoingeometryinschool.A.specific;to;wellB.concrete;for;goodC.general;to;wonderfulD.specific;to;good24.---1hearthereisanartgalleryaroundhereandcouldyoutellmehowtogettoit,sir?---Itis207ontheFifthAvenue.Walkdownthisstreetandyou.A.on;can'tmissitB.at;can'tavoiditC.on;cantescapeD.at;can'tmissit25.Studentsareburdenedwithtoomuchexercises,theirschoolgrade.A.aimingtoimprove B.aimingatimprovingC.aimedtoimprove D.aimedtoimproving虛擬語氣一、基本含義：虛擬語氣表示說話人所說的話不是事實，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。二、用法：（一）用于非真實條件旬.條件句：1）真實條件句指假設(shè)的情況有可能發(fā)生的條件句，用陳述語氣。2）非真實條件句指假設(shè)的情況是過去或限制都不存在的，或?qū)硪膊淮罂赡馨l(fā)生的,用虛擬語氣.if條件句的主句和從句的謂語動詞形式如下:if條件句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞過去式（be用were）would/could/should/might+V原IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella. （我不是你）IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.（我不知道）與將來事實相反動詞過去式（be用were）Ifhecame/shouldcome/weretocomeheretomorrow,Ishould/wouldtalktohim. （他來的可能性很?。﹕hould+V原wereto+V原【學(xué)以致用】（2012湖南高考）Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfItime,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehad B.hadhadC.have D.Had（二）用于賓語從句1.動詞wish后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣wish后的賓語從句中謂語的形式例句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望動詞的過去式（be用were）IwishthatIknewsomethingaboutprogramming.與過去事實相反的愿望 一過去完成式Theywishthattheyhadn'ttoldittous.將來的愿望would/could/should/might+V原Iwishhecouldcometomorrow.【學(xué)以致用】（2011北京高考）—Wherearethechildren?Thedinnersgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishtheyalwayslate.A.weren't B.hadn'tbeen C.wouldn'tbe D.wouldn'thavebeen2.表示主觀意愿的動詞后,后面賓語從句的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should可省略如：suggest建議require要求demand要求insist堅持要求 order/command命令e.g.Hesuggestedthatwe（should）setadeadlineforthecompletionoftheplan.Theyrequirethatparking（should）beallowedhere.他們要求允許在止匕處停車。Heinsistedthatshefosienhersafetybelt.他要求她系好安全帶。注：suggest表示”表明,暗示”.insist表示“堅持某一說法”時.后賓語從句用陳述語氣。e.g.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasquitesatisfied.他臉上的表情表明他很滿意。Heinsistedthathehadnotstolenthecarandinsistedthathe（should）besetfreeatonce.他堅持說自己沒有偷那輛汽車，并堅持要求立刻釋放他。【學(xué)以致用】（2013陜西高考）Mymomsuggeststhatweeatoutforachangethisweekend.A.shouldB.might C.couldD.Would3.wouldrather后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿鹷ouldrather+主語+動詞過去式IwouldratherheJeftnow.Iwouldratherhecameearliertomorrow.與過去事實相反的愿望wouldrather+主語+動詞的過去完成式IwouldratherIhadnotliedyesterday.（事實上昨天撒謊了）【學(xué)以致用】（2010江蘇高考）Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,but'dratherhemoreonitsculture.A.focusB.focused