中醫(yī)綜合-中藥學(xué)（七）(總分：100.00，做題時間：90分鐘)一、SectionIUseofEnglish(總題數(shù)：1，分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00)What'syourearliestchildhoodmemory?Canyourememberlearningtowalk?Ortalk?Thefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogram?Adultsseldom(1)eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool,(2)childrenyoungerthanthreeorfour(3)retainanyspecific,personalexperiences.Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen(4)bypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia".Onearguesthatthehippo-campus;theregionofthebrainwhichis(5)forformingmemories,doesnotmatureuntilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory(6)that,sinceadultsdon'tthinklikechildren,theycannot(7)childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwords,andtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor(8)oneeventfollows(9)asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental(10)forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothis verballifestory,theydon't findanythatfitthe(11).It'sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary.NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew(12)forchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren'tanyearlychildhoodmemoriesto(13).AccordingtoDr.Simms,childrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse'sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonal(14)inordertoturntheirownshort-term,quicklyforgotten(15)ofthemintolong-termmemories.Inother(16),childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkabout(17)--Mothertalkingabouttheafternoon(18)lookingforseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis(19)reinforcement,saysDr.Simms,childrencannotform(20)memoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences.Notes:childhoodamnesia 兒童失憶癥。(分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00).[A]figure[B]interpret[C]recall[D]affirm (分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50)A.B.VD.解析：[注釋]詞義搭配。recallvt.想起。例如：recalloldfaces(想起老朋友的面貌)；又如：IrememberherfacebutIcannotrecallwhereImether.(我記得她的面貌，但想不起在什么地方見過她 )。figurevt.圖示，塑造(形象)；想象。如：figuresomethingtooneself(心中描繪某物)。interpretvt.解釋,說明；affirmvt .斷言，肯定。⑵.[A]nowthat[B]evenif[C]asthough[D]justas (分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50)A.B.C.V解析：[注釋]邏輯搭配。justas就像 ；nowthat既然 ；evenif即使 ；asthough似乎，好像。⑶.[A]largely[B]rarely[C]merely[D]really (分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50)A.VC.

解析：[注釋]詞義搭配。rarely（否定副詞，意為“很少，不?！保┡c主句中的seldom（否定副詞，意為“很少”）前后照應(yīng)。largely主要地；merely僅僅；really真實地。（4）.[A]refuted[B]defied[C]proposed[D]witnessed （分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.解析：V[注釋]詞義搭配。proposevt.提出；refutevt.反駁；defyvt.（公然）對抗，蔑視，如：defythelaw（目無法紀(jì)）；witnessvt.目睹；（for）（簽名）作證支持 ,（against）（簽名）作證反對 。例如：1）Yourbrotherwillwitnessforyouinthischarge．（在這次控告中你兄弟將為你作證辯護(hù)。 ）2）Hewillwitnessagainstyouifonlyoutofspite .（假如出于惡意，他將作證說明你有罪。）（5）.[A]responsible[B]suitable[C]favorable[D]available （分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50）A.B.VC.D.解析：[注釋]詞義搭配。beresponsiblefor是 （產(chǎn)生）的原因。例如： Carsaremainlyresponsiblefortheairpollutionincities .（汽車是城市產(chǎn)生空氣污染的主要原因。）（6） .[A]declines[B]assesses[C]estimates[D]maintains （分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.V解析：[注釋]詞義搭配。maintainvt.堅持認(rèn)為，主張（后接賓語從句）。例如：Hemaintainedthathewastoblame.（他堅持說，他應(yīng)受到責(zé)備。）（7） .[A]reflect[B]attain[C]access[D]acquire （分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.解析：V[注釋]詞義搭配。accessvt.（計算機用語）存取。例如：Sheaccessedthreedifferentfilestofindthecorrectinformation.（她存取了三個文件以找尋她所要的信息。 ）又如：Thefileswereaccessedeverydaytokeepthemuptodate.（ 文件每日存取，使之不斷更新。）（8）.[A]narratives[B]forecasts[C]communications[D]descriptions （分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.解析：V[注釋]詞義搭配。narrativen.敘事，故事。forecast預(yù)報；regulation規(guī)章；description描述。（9）.[A]therest[B]another[C]theother[D]others （分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.解析：V[注釋]結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。one...another... 是語法上的慣用搭配，一般指兩個以上。（10）.[A]deposits[B]dreams[C]flashes[D]files （分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.V解析：[注釋]詞義搭配。filen.文件夾。(11).[A]model[B]pattern[C]frame[D]formulaA.VC.D.分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50）解析：[注釋]詞義搭配。patternn.模式，方式。model模型frame框架；formula公式。(12).[A]emphasis[B]assertion[C]explanation[D]assumptionA.分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50）B.VD.解析：[注釋]詞義結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。offeranexplanationfor(13).[A]recall[B]remember[C]reflect[D]respondVB.為……提出解釋。（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50）C.D.解析：[注釋]詞義搭配。recall回想起。(14).[A]instincts[B]feelings[C]sensations[D]experiencesA.分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50）B.C.D.V解析：[注釋]詞義搭配。experience(不可數(shù)名詞)經(jīng)驗，(15).[A]impressions[B]beliefs[C]minds[D]insightsA.V（可數(shù)名詞）經(jīng)歷的事情。（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50）B.C.D.解析：[注釋]詞義搭配。impression印象；belief(16).[A]senses[B]cases[C]words[D]aspectsA.信念；mind思維；insight洞察力，見識。（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50）B.VD.解析：[注釋]慣用搭配。inotherwords(17).[A]him[B]their[C]it[D]themA.B.換言之。（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50)C.D.V解析：[注釋]結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。them指代前面的experiences。(18).[A]taken[B]utilized[C]applied[D]spent (分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50)A.B.C.D.V解析：[注釋]詞義結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。spend...doingsth. 花(多少時間)做某事。(19).[A]habitual[B]verbal[C]unique[D]particular (分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50)A.B.C.D.解析：V[注釋]詞義搭配。verbal口頭的，言語的。(20).[A]permanent[B]mental[C]spiritual[D]conscious (分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50)A.B.C.D.解析：V[注釋]詞義搭配。permanent永久的；mental心理的；spiritual精神的；conscious有意識的。二、 SectionnReadingComprehension （總題數(shù)：0，分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）三、 PartA（總題數(shù)：0，分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）四、 Text1（總題數(shù)：1，分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）Everynewbornbabyisdealtahandofcardswhichhelpstodeterminehowlongheorshewillbeallowedtoplaythegameoflife.Goodcardswillhelpthosewhohavethemtohavealongandhealthyexistence,whilebadcardswillbringtothosewhohavethemterriblediseaseslikehighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Occasionally,cardsaredealtoutthatdoomtheirholderstoanearlydeath.Inthepast,peopleneverknewexactlywhichcardstheyhadbeendealt.Theycouldguessatthefutureonlybylookingatthekindofhealthproblemsexperiencedbytheirparentsorgrandparents.Genetictesting,whichmakesitpossibletofinddangerousgenes,haschangedallthis.But,untilrecently,ifyouweretestedpositiveforabadgeneyouwerenotobligedtorevealthistoanyoneelseexceptinafewextremecircumstances.Thismonth,however,Britainbecamethefirstcountryintheworldtoallowlifeinsurerstoaskfortestresults.Sofar,approvalhasbeengivenonlyforatestforafatalbraindisorderknownasHuntington'sdisease.Buttenothertests(forsevendiseases)arealreadyinuseandareawaitingsimilarapproval.Theindependentbodythatgivesapproval,theDepartmentofHealth'sgeneticsandinsurancecommittee,doesnothavetodecidewhethertheuseofgeneticinformationininsuranceisethical.Itmustjudgeonlywhetherthetestsarereliabletoinsurers.InthecaseofHuntington'sdiseasetheanswerisclear-cut.Peopleunluckyenoughtohavethisgenewilldieearly,andcostlifeinsurersdearly.Thisisonlythestart.Clear-cutgeneticanswers,whereageneissimplyanddirectlyrelatedtoaperson'sriskofdeath,areuncommon.Moreusually,agroupofgenesisassociatedwiththeriskofdevelopingacommondisease,dependentonthepresenceofothergeneticorenvironmentalfactors.But,astestsimprove,itwillbecomepossibletopredictwhetherornotaparticularindividualisatrisk.Inthenextfewyearsresearcherswilldiscovermoreandmoreaboutthefunctionsofindividualgenesandwhathealthrisks —orbenefits—areassociatedwiththem.(分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00).Whatdoestheword “cards”(Line1,Para.1)referto?Diseases.[B]Genes.[C]Problems.[D]Tests.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)A.C.D.解析：[設(shè)題點]比喻處[解析]語義理解題。cards除了在第一段第一行被提到以外，在該段還多次出現(xiàn)。其中，從段尾處的..peopleneverknew...whichcardstheyhad...Theycouldguessatthefuture... 和第二段首句的Genetictesting,...haschangedallthis 可知，cards實際上就是指基因，故[B]正確。.Thefunctionofgenetictestingistoenablepeopletochangegenes.tohelppeopletocreategoodgenes.topredictdiseasespeoplemayhave.todetectaccuratelywhatdiseasespeoplemaydevelop.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)A.B.C.VD.解析：[設(shè)題點]定語從句處[解析]事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞genetictesting將信息定位于第二段首句。從定語從句whichmakesitpossibletofinddangerousgenes可知，基因測試的目的是為了找到人類所擁有的危險基因，故[C]正確。[A]、[B]可以較容易排除；[C]“準(zhǔn)確檢測出人們可能得的病”，與文章所談到的基因是否會引發(fā)疾病還取決于環(huán)境等其他因素相悖，故不選。.Healthauthoritiesallowinsurerstousegeneticinformationforthepurposeofimprovinggenetictestingtechnology.[B]safeguardingpatients 'interests.[C]promotingdiseaseprevention,[D]reducinginsurancepayments.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)A.B.C.D.V解析：[設(shè)題點]段尾句[解析]事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由insurers將信息定位于第四段。該段尾句談到：Peopleunlucky...dieearly，andcostlifeinsurersdearly，由此可見，了解基因測試的結(jié)果可以幫助人壽保險公司節(jié)省很多錢，故選[D]。[A]“推進(jìn)基因測試技術(shù)的進(jìn)步”不是 healthauthorities 要做的事；讓人壽保險公司知道基因測試結(jié)果當(dāng)然是為保護(hù)保險公司的利益，故[B]不正確；[C]原文未提及。.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?Genesmaycontributetosomecommondiseases.Environmentalfactorscausemorediseasesthangenes.Itiscommonthatmostfataldiseasesarecausedbygenes.Itisimpossibletogetclear-cutgeneticanswers. (分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)A.VB.C.D.解析：[設(shè)題點]尾段[解析]推理判斷題。尾段第三句談到：...agroupofgenesisassociatedwith...acommondisease...,可見基因可能引發(fā)一些普通疾病，故選[A]。[B]、[C]分別是對尾段第三句和第二句的錯誤理解；而[D]與第四段倒數(shù)第二句矛盾。.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageistoindicatethewaygenetictestingworks.toshowthepowerofone 'sgeneticmakeup.tointroducegenetictestinganditsfunction.torevealtheinfluenceofenvironmentongenes.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)A.B.VD.解析：[解析]主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了基因測試以及它在檢測疾病方面的作用，故 [C]最能概括作者的寫作意圖。[A]只是文章的一個方面；[B]、[D]只分別在第四段和最后一段提及，不是文章的主要內(nèi)容。五、 Text2(總題數(shù)：1，分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00)KevinHines,amanic-depressive,was19andinoneofhisweeklydownswingsonanovercastMondaymorningin2000.HewenttothenearbyGoldenGateBridgetokillhimselfmostlybecause,withonlyafour-foot(1.2-metre)railingtoleap,"Ifigureditwastheeasiestway."Hedivedover,butflippedandhitthewaterat75mphwithhisfeetfirst.Hislegswerecrushed,buthesomehowstayedconsciousandstartedpaddlingwithhisupperbodyuntiltheCoastGuardfishedhimout.Mr.Hinesisoneof26peoplewhohavesurvivedsuicideattemptsatthebridge,but1223areknowntohavesucceeded(i.e.,wereseenjumpingorfoundfloating).Peoplearethrowingthemselvesoffthebridgeattherateoftwoamonth,whichmakesitthemostpopularplaceintheworldforsuicides.OnebookonthesubjectsaysthattheGoldenGateis"tosuicidewhatNiagaraFallsistohoneymooners".ManySanFranciscansthinkthatthesolutionistoemulatetheEmpireStateBuilding,theSydneyHarbourBridge,theEiffelTower,St.Peter'sbasilicaandothersuchplacesandputupasimplebarrier.This,however,isadecisionforthe19boardmembersoftheGoldenGateBridge,HighwayandTransportationDistrict,anentitythatoverseesthebridgeitselfandthebusesandferriesthatoperateinthearea.Mostofitsrevenues'comefromtollsandfares,andthedistrictlosesmoney.Abarrierwouldcostbetween$15millionand$25million.SothePsychiatricFoundationofNorthernCalifornia,whichhasadoptedthebarrierasitscause,considersitasuccessthattheboardhasmerelyallowedafeasibilitystudy,forwhichvariousprivateandpublicdonorshaveraised$2million.MelBlaustein,adirectoratthefoundation,hasheardseveralargumentsagainstabarrierovertheyears-toougly,tooexpensive,andsoforth--butthemostpersistent hasbeenthatpeoplewouldsimplykillthemselvessomewhereelse,sowhybother.'?Thisisnonsense,hesays,"Mostsuicidesareimpulsiveandpreventable."Abridgewithoutabarrier,addsPatHines,Kevin'sfather,is"likeleavingaloadedguninthepsychiatricward./(分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00).KevinHineschoosetocommitsuicideatsuchanearlyageinthat .hesufferedadiseasewhichcausedhimgloomyandcrazy.hefoundaneasiestwaytoenduphislife.hewasinhisperiodicaldeclineandoutofhissenses.hefoundtheGoldenGateBridgeasuitableplacetodoso.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)A.B.VD.解析：[直擊題眼]第一段開頭：KevinHines,amanic-depressive,was19andinoneofhisweeklydownswingsonanovercastMondaymorningin2000 ….because,withonlyafour-foot(1.2-metre)railingtoleap ，“Ifigureditwastheeasiestway. ”[深層剖析]本題是針對文章第一段提到的凱文?海因斯自殺的現(xiàn)象提出問題的。文章提到在 2000年一個天氣陰沉的周一早晨，凱文?海因斯到金門大橋翻過欄桿選擇輕生，他之所以這么做是因為他是一個躁狂抑郁癥患者，而且是在其每周一次的低落期，他自己闡述的原因是“這樣自殺最簡單”，說明那時他在精神上是病態(tài)的，而且選擇自殺是非理智的(outofhissenses)。因此，[C]正確。[主干擾項分析]凱文?海因斯患了一種使人郁悶和瘋狂的疾病，但這不早以讓他自殺，真正迫使他走出輕生這一步的是他失去了理智；[A]選項只是造成他自殺的一個原因，但不是全部的原因，我們不能以偏概全。因此[A]選項不正確。[B]是凱文?海因斯自己給輕生找的理由， 我們雖然要從原文中找到意思對應(yīng)的句子，但是[B]選項只是片面地選取了當(dāng)事者的主觀想法；而且找到了方法不意味著一定要自殺。因此 [B]也犯了同樣性質(zhì)的錯誤。?謹(jǐn)記：千萬不能以偏概全。[次干擾項分析][D]選項的難點在于對“four-foot(1.2-metre)railingtoleap”這句話的理解。此句的意思為“只有四英尺高的欄桿似乎很適合翻過去投水自殺”。這樣以來很多同學(xué)的主觀印象中就認(rèn)為金門大橋是最適合自殺的地方而且還能自圓其說，殊不知這樣正好中了出題者的圈套。我們要熟知這樣的缺少因果橋梁的錯誤邏輯：無論大橋的結(jié)構(gòu)和位置多么適合自殺，也不一定就能激起人們想自殺的念頭。因此在邏輯分析基礎(chǔ)上，這個選項是可以排除的。.WhydoestheauthormentionNiagaraFallsandhoneymooners?BecauseNiagaraFallsandhoneymoonersareaswell-knownastheGoldenGateBridge.BecauseNiagaraFallsistheresortforcoupleswhospendtheirholidays.BecauseNiagaraFallsattractshoneymoonersthesamewaytheBridgedoestosuicides.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zBecauseNiagaraFallsisamagnificentplaceforhoneymoonerstogatheraroundthere. (分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)A.B.VD.解析：[直擊題眼]第二段結(jié)尾：Peoplearethrowingthemselvesoffthebridgeattherateoftwoamonth.whichmakesitthemostpopularplaceintheworldforsuicides。OnebookonthesubjectsaysthattheGoldenGateis “tosuicidewhatNiagaraFallsistohoneymooners. ”[深層剖析]需要注意的是這道題考的是一種類比關(guān)系，不要只在題干上抓住不放。題目雖然只問到為什么提到尼亞加拉瀑布和度蜜月的人，但是我們看到作者是將“尼亞加拉瀑布吸引度蜜月者”和“金門大橋吸引自殺者”這兩個事物的相似點進(jìn)行類比的，所以不要簡單地從題干上分析。因此，這道題在審題的時候只要知道是類比關(guān)系，還有[C]中句型“thesameway...”就可以斷定答案是 [C]選項。[主干擾項分析][A]不可否認(rèn)，尼亞加拉瀑布確實很有名氣，但文章的目的不是介紹美國的旅游圣地，而是講自殺問題，與文章的弦外之音不符。[B]是事實，但是我們需要的不是這個大家都知道的事實。[B]選項是本題最大的迷惑選項，同學(xué)在做題的時候不要用自己以往的背景知識作為答題的憑證，要仔細(xì)閱讀文章的前言后語。[次干擾項分析][D]也不是作者提到這個瀑布和度蜜月的人的真正原因。.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheboardoftheGoldenGateBridgewill .raiseenoughmoneytostarttheprojectwhichcanpreventsuicides.notraisethemoneybecausetheycannotmakebothendsmeet.raisemoneyforthepreventionprojectreluctantlyfromsociety.abandontheplantoaddequipmenttopreventsadpeoplefromdeath. (分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)A.B.VD.解析：[直擊題眼]第三段和第四段開頭： This，however，…Mostofitsrevenuescomefromtollsandfares，andthedistrictlosesmoney.Abarrierwouldcostbetween$15millionand$25million.Sc…，considersitasuccessthattheboardhasmerelyallowedafeasibilitystudy ，forwhichvariousprivateandpublicdonorshaveraised$2million.[深層剖析]本題相對比較難，其題干形式在近年考試中出現(xiàn)頻率很高。這種題目要求對第三段和第四段所有信息全部理解，由于在第三段開始便出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折，因此我們選取這樣一段作為我們的參考區(qū)域。第三段提到了整個項目需要1500-2500萬資金，而董事會只是同意就修建防自殺屏障開展可行性研究，而且目前僅籌集到200萬。需要注意的是文章中的用詞：merely、Success等等。董事會只是提到對提案進(jìn)行可行性研究，基金會就覺得已經(jīng)是個Success了，說明金門大橋的董事會并不看好這個項目，因此基調(diào)一旦定下來，后面的答案就可以確定了，[C]為正確選項。[主干擾項分析]本題之所以較難，主要在于[A]選項和[B]選項的干擾性很強。[A]和[B]是反意選項，大家在做題的時候認(rèn)定選項必從這兩個中選一個，其實這兩個都失之偏頗。[A]提到了enoughmoney，但文章中沒有任何跡象能證明這個趨勢。[B]選項答對了一半，董事會現(xiàn)在確實入不敷出，但并不能說明他們不會籌集資金。[次干擾項分析]選擇[D]選項的同學(xué)是因為看到abandon這個詞，覺得董事會沒說可以也沒說不可以，只是放棄，還是同樣的原因，文中沒有明確提到放棄與否這個問題，所以[D]也不對。（4）.WhatwilltheauthormentionafterParagraph4?Someexamplesthatbridgeswithbarrierssavedmanypeople'slives.Somesuicidesweresuccessfullyprevented.Somebarriersoverbridgesareacceptedbothornamentallyandfinancially.Somebarriersoverbridgesareinprogress.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）VB.C.D.解析：[直擊題眼]第四段結(jié)尾：Thisisnonsense ，hesays；“Mostsuicidesareimpulsiveandpreventable.”Abridgewithoutabarrier，addsPatHines，Kevin'sfather，is“l(fā)ikeleavingaloadedguninthepsychiatricward．”[深層剖析]本題的題干形式在近年考試中出現(xiàn)頻率很高，這是一種推斷題。題干為一個后續(xù)式提問，其實是尋求舉例，目的是為了說明段落中的觀點，即：“大多數(shù)人自殺都是出于一時沖動，完全是可以阻止的”。選項中的即是舉例子，因此[A]正確。[主干擾項分析][C]選項干擾性很強。其主要錯誤是盡管防護(hù)設(shè)施在裝飾和經(jīng)濟角度上都被人們接受了，但其實際效果才是人們關(guān)注的焦點。因此，[C]選項是典型的迷惑選項。本文是對一種社會問題進(jìn)行討論，這種文章的談淪焦點往往是“問題產(chǎn)生的原因、社會影響、解決的方式等”，一般不會去具體討論解決方式的具體運作過程，而這一點往往是說明性文章喜歡講述的內(nèi)容，所以[D]不正確。[次干擾項分析]選擇[B]選項的同學(xué)是因為沒有意識到這是個陷阱，究竟是設(shè)施救了人還是人救了人。因為此句為一個被動語態(tài)句式，同時又省略了施動者（bysb．）。答到此題的時候考生往往尋求一個簡潔的答案，而忽視了句子的省略可以產(chǎn)生歧義，這也正是大意出錯的地方。（5）.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefoundationofbarriersoverthebridge?Optimistic.[B]Critical.[C]Biased.[D]Objective. （分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.B.C.D.V解析：[直擊題眼]此題為全文主旨態(tài)度題[深層剖析]本題考查學(xué)生對文章主旨及態(tài)度的理解，這與2007年真題第2篇文章第5題的出題思路一致，也是熱門題型。文章從第三段開始討論應(yīng)不應(yīng)該建造防護(hù)設(shè)施，第四段給出大橋董事會和基金會主席的意見，最后給出了凱文?海因斯父親的看法，所有這些都是客觀陳述，不帶有作者主觀態(tài)度。 [D]正確。?注意：此類型題要熟練掌握感情色彩詞匯。[主干擾項分析][A]選項容易誤選?？忌J(rèn)為對于修建防護(hù)措施作者通篇都是一個聲音：贊同，但同時要注意到文中也提到了很多障礙，作者并沒有表現(xiàn)出明顯的樂觀態(tài)度，所以 [A]不對。?謹(jǐn)記：不要把自己主觀的意思帶入到做題中去。[次干擾項分析]文章的第三、四兩段都談到如何解決問題，因此作者對于在大橋上建立防護(hù)措施的態(tài)度是正面的。[B]“批評的”和[C]“帶有偏見的”均不正確。六、 Text3（總題數(shù)：1，分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）EverysecondintheUnitedStatesalone,morethan250animalsareslaughteredforfood,addinguptomorethan8billionanimalseachyear.Reducingtheamountofmeatinone 'sdieti snutritionally,environmentally,andethicallybeneficial.Peoplewhoeatmeatusuallyhaveweakerimmunesystemscomparedtothoseofvegetarians.Meathasbeendirectlylinkedtodiabetes,obesity,arthritis, andmanyotherillnesses.Furthermore,meat-eatersareatahigherriskfordiseases,includingcancer, andtheyaremorelikelytodiefromthesediseases.Criticssaythatameatlessdietdoesnotprovideenoughnutrients,especiallyproteinandiron.Actually,accordingtoATeen'sGuidetoGoingVegetarian,byJudyKrizmanic,proteinisfoundinalmosteveryfood,andironappearsinmanyvegetables.Gettingenoughnutrientsinameat-reduceddietshouldnotbedifficult.A1988studyfoundthatsomeofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeatandeggs.Dietsincludingmorefruitsandvegetableswillonlymakepeoplehealthier.Someskepticsbelievethattherewillbeashortageoffoodifanimalsarenoteaten.Infact,theoppositeistrue.Morethan80%ofthecornand95%oftheoatsgrownintheUSarefedtolivestock.Theworld'scattlealoneconsumeenoughfoodtoequalthecaloricneedsof8.7billionpeople,morethantheentirehumanpopulation.OnehalfofthewaterusedintheUnitesStatesalsogoestolivestock;2.50gallonsofwaterproducesonly1poundofbeef.Ifpeopleeatlessmeatandmoreplants,theamountofavailablefoodwillincrease.Manypeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.90%oftheseanimalsareraisedinconfinement.Chickensandotherbirdshaveonlyabouthalf.asquarefootofspaceeach,andsincetheyareraisedsoclosetogether,ahotbladeisusedtocutofftheirbeakstopreventthemfrompeckingeachothertodeath.Likewise,pigsthatarerepressedwillbiteeachother'stails,soboththeirteethandtailsareremovedassoonastheyareborn.Eatinganimalsishazardousinnumerousways.Evenaslightreductioninmeatintakeisbetterthannothingatall.Consuminglessmeatisbeneficialtothehealthofanimals,thehealthofpeople,andtothehealthoftheworld.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）（1）.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoATeen 'sGuidetoGoingVegetarian?Adietwithoutmeatcannotsupplyenoughprotein.Nearlyallthefoodweeatcontainsprotein.It'sdifficulttogetenoughnutrientsinameatlessdiet.Someofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeat.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.VC.D.解析：[設(shè)題點]觀點總結(jié)處[解析]事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由ATeen'sGuidetoGoingVegetarian 將答案鎖定在第二段第五句話。[B]同義轉(zhuǎn)述了文中的proteinisfoundinalmosteveryfood，故為答案。[A]其實是critics的觀點，protein是文中nutrients的下義詞；[C]與第二段第六句話相矛盾；[D]是1988年的一項研究所發(fā)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容；此三項皆予以排除。（2）.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorimpliesthatfoodwillbeinsufficientifanimalsarenoteaten.lotsoffoodandwaterareconsumedbycattle.ameat-reduceddietisenvironmentallybeneficial.animalsareraisedforhumanfood.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.B.D.解析：[設(shè)題點]例證處、數(shù)字處[解析]推理判斷題。作者在第三段用具體的例子來證明觀點，而且用具體的數(shù)字來增加事例的可信度。這一段講的是人們喂養(yǎng)牲畜消耗大量食物和水，如果少吃肉的話，我們的食物將綽綽有余。[A]是someskeptics的觀點，也是作者要駁斥的觀點，予以排除；[B]項范圍太窄，cattle只是一例；[C]“減少了肉類的飲食對環(huán)境有好處”正確，全文主旨句即第一段第二句話提到“減少膳食中的肉類攝入從營養(yǎng)、環(huán)境和道德倫理上來說都有益無害”，接下來的三段分別從營養(yǎng)、環(huán)境和道德倫理三個方面具體闡述，因此第三段講的是[C]；[D]離題較遠(yuǎn)。.Whydosomepeoplebecomevegetarians?Becausetheywanttodevelopastrongimmunesystem.Becausesomeofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeat.Becausefruitsandvegetablescontainmorenutrients.Becausetheyconsidereatinganimalsasunethical.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)A.B.C.V解析：[設(shè)題點]段首因果關(guān)系處[解析]事實細(xì)節(jié)題。答案的依據(jù)在第四段的首句…theyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical 。由此正確；同時排除[A]、[B]、[C]。.Chickensandpigsarecitedasexamplestoshowthatraisinglivestockisunethical.eatinganimalsisunethical.livestockisconfinedtoaverysmallspace.beingavegetarianisbeneficialtoanimals 'health.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)A.B.C.V解析：[設(shè)題點]例證處[解析]推理判斷題。文章第四段舉了家禽和豬的例子，談到：由于密集飼養(yǎng)，家禽被削掉了嘴尖，而豬被拔了牙齒，切了尾巴。瀏覽選項：首先排除[A]，因為[A]“飼養(yǎng)家畜不道德”不合邏輯；[B]“吃動物不道德”是許多人成為素食者的原因； [C]表意膚淺；只有[D]“成為素食者對動物的健康有好處”表意深刻且概括了作者舉例子的目的。故[D]為答案。.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?TheAdvantagesofEatingLessMeatWhyPeopleBecomeVegetarianEnvironmentandMeatlessDietSavingCattleandChickens(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)VB.C.D.解析：[設(shè)題點]首段，尾段[解析]主旨大意題。這類題目的解題關(guān)鍵在于尋找主題句，一般出現(xiàn)在文章的第一段和最后一段。遇到這種題型時，首先要認(rèn)真閱讀文章第一段的起始句和最后一句，再到最后一段的第一句或最后一句去找出與之相呼應(yīng)的句子，以此就能輕易地找出全文的主題句或中心大意，然后再確定文章的題目。本文章中，第一段最后一句是主題句，最后一段最后一句照應(yīng)主題句，兩句都講到了少吃肉類的好處，因此 [A]為答案七、 Text4（總題數(shù)：1，分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）Themostdamningthingthatcanbesaidabouttheworld'sbest-endowedandrichestcountryisthatitisnotonlynottheleaderinhealthstatus,butthatitissolowintheranksofthenations.TheUnitedStatesranks18thamongnationsoftheworldinmalelifeexpectancyatbirth,9thinfemalelifeexpectancyatbirth,and12thininfantmortality.Moreimportantly,hugevariationsareevidentinhealthstatusintheUnitedStatesfromoneplacetothenextandfromonegrouptothenext.Theforcesthataffecthealthcanbedividedintofourgroupingsthatlendthemselvestoanalysisofallhealthproblems.Clearlythelargestgroupofforcesresidesintheperson'senvironment.Behavior,inpartderivedfromexperienceswiththeenvironment,isthenextgreatestforceaffectinghealth.Medicalcareservices,treatedasseparatefromotherenvironmentalfactorsbecauseofthespecialinterestwehaveinthem,makeamodestcontributiontohealthstatus.Finally,thecontributionsofhereditytohealtharedifficulttojudge.Noothercountryspendswhatwedopercapitaformedicalcare.Thecareavailableisamongthebesttechnically,evenifusedtoofreelyandthusdangerously.Giventheevidencethatmedicalcareisnotthatvaluableandaccesstocarenotthatbad,itseemsmostunlikelythatourbadshowingiscausedbythesignificantproportionwhoarepoorlyserved.Otherhypotheseshavegreaterexplanatorypower:excessivepoverty,bothactualandrelative,andexcessivewealth.ExcessivepovertyisprobablymoreprevalentintheU.S.thaninanyofthecountriesthathaveabetterinfantmortalityrateandfemalelifeexpectancyatbirth.Thisisprobablytruealsoforallbutfourorfiveofthecountrieswithalongermalelifeexpectancy.Inthenotablypoorcountriesthatexceedusinmalesurvival,difficultlivingconditionsareamoreacceptedwayoflifeandinseveralofthem,agoodbasicdiet,basicmedicalcareandbasiceducation,andlifelongemploymentopportunitiesareaneverydayfactoflife.IntheU.S.anationalunemploymentlevelof10percentmaybe40percentintheghettowhilelessthan4percentelsewhere.Thecountriesthathavesurpassedusinhealthdonothavesuchsevereproblems.Noraresuchahighproportionoftheirpeopleinvolvedinthem.Excessivewealthisnotsoobviousacauseofillhealth,but,atleast:untilrecently,fewothernationscouldaffordsuchunhealthfulwaysofliving.Excessiveintakeofanimalproteinandfats,anduseoftobaccoanddrugs,anddangerousrecreationalsportsanddrivinghabitsareallpossibleonlywhenoneiswealthy.Ourheritage,desires,andopportunities,combinedwiththerelativelylowcostofbadfoodsandspeedyvehicles,makeusparticularlyvulnerable.Ourunacceptablehealthstatus,then,willnotbeimprovedappreciablybyexpandedmedicalresourcesnorbytheirredistributionsomuchasbyageneralattempttoimprovethequalityoflifeforall.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）（1）.ThepassagewouldprobablybefollowedbysuggestionsforspecificproposalstoimprovethequalityoflifeinAmerica.alistofthemostcommoncausesofdeathamongmaleandfemaleadults.anexplanationofthecausesofpovertyinAmerica,bothabsoluteandrelative.aproposaltoensurethatresidentsofcentralcitiesreceivemoreandbettermedicalcare.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）VB.C.解析：文章最后一句指出，美國人目前不佳的健康狀況靠增加醫(yī)療資源是不能切實改善的，靠這些資源的再分配也沒用，靠的應(yīng)該是努力提高全民生活的質(zhì)量。從結(jié)束全文的這句話來看，下文很可能應(yīng)該圍繞如何通過提高生活質(zhì)量來提高全民健康水平展開討論。（2）.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith[A]condemningtheU.S.foritsfailuretoprovidebettermedicalcaretothepoor.evaluatingtherelativesignificanceoffactorscontributingtothepoorhealthstatusintheU.S.providinginformationthatthereadercanusetoimprovehisorherpersonalhealth.advocatingspecificmeasuresdesignedtoimprovethehealthoftheU.S.population.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.VC.D.解析：文章第一句指出，對于美國這個世界上資源最豐富、最富有的國家來說，最糟糕的事情是：它在健康狀況上不僅不處于領(lǐng)先地位，而且在世界排名很低。第二段第一句提到，影響健康狀況的因素可以分成四類，據(jù)此人們可以對健康問題做出分析。一是人們生活的環(huán)境，二是人們的個人行為，三是醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)，四是遺傳因素對健康狀況的影響。隨后三段做了具體分析?？梢姡疚闹攸c在于分析原因。（3）.Theauthorreferstotheexcessiveintakeofalcohol~tobacco,anddruginordertoillustratethat[A]somehealthproblemscannotbesolvedbybettermedicalcare.theuseofalcoholandothersubstancesisharmfultohealth.poorhealthresultsfromlackofpropermedicalcare.wealthmaycontributetopoorhealthstatus.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.B.C.D.V解析：最后一段提到，雖然極度富裕表面上看上去不像是導(dǎo)致身體不健康的原因， 但是，至少到目前來看，很少有其他國家（比美國）能花得起錢過這樣不健康的生活，如攝人過量的動物蛋白和脂肪、抽煙、吸毒、從事危險的娛樂運動、危險的駕車習(xí)慣，這些都是有錢人才能做的事情。（4）.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageprovideinformationtoanswer?[A]Whatisthemostpowerfulinfluenceonthehealthstatusofapopulation?Whichnationintheworldleadsinhealthstatus?IsthelifeexpectancyofmalesintheU.S.longerthanthatoffemales?Whatarethemostimportantgeneticfactorsinfluencingthehealthofanindividual?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）VB.C.D.解析：（5）.Indiscussingtheforcesthatinfluencehealth,theauthorimpliesthatmedicalcareservicesare[A]aspecialaspectofanindividual'senvironment.afunctionofanindividual'sbehaviorpattern.becominglessimportantastechnologyimproves.tooexpensiveformostpeople.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）VB.C.解析：第二段第四句指出，我們把醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)與其他環(huán)境因素分開對待，是因為我們對醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)有特殊興趣，這些服務(wù)對健康狀況的影響是有限的(moderate)。從這一句我們可以做出推理：醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)屬于一種特殊的環(huán)境因素。八、 PartB(總題數(shù)：1，分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00)[A]Internationalstudentshavethesameneedsaslocalstudentsandshouldbeaccordedequivalentrightsandprotections —exceptinafewareas,suchasvotinginnationalelections.Amorecomprehensiveandrights-basedapproachtothesecurityofinternationalstudentscouldbeobtainedthroughbilateralnego