PAGEPAGE35第5章七選五新短文改錯(cuò)◆七選五(一)(2011·新課標(biāo)卷)MoneyMattersParentsshouldhelptheirchildrenunderstandmoney.__1__Soyoumaystarttalkingaboutmoneywhenyourchildshowsaninterestinbuyingthings,candyortoys,forexample.1．ThebasicfunctionofmoneyBeginexplainingthebasicfunctionofmoneybyshowinghowpeopletrademoneyforgoodsorservices.Itisimportanttoshowyourchildhowmoneyistradedforthethingshewantstohave.Ifhewantstohaveatoy,givehimthemoneyandlethimhandthemoneytothecashier(收銀員).__2__Whenyourchildgrowsabitolderandunderstandsthebasicfunctionofmoney,youcanstartexplainingmorecomplexwaysofusingmoney.2．MoneylessonsApproachmoneylessonswithopennessandhonesty.__3__Ifyoumustsaynotoachild'srequesttospendmoney，explain，“Youhaveenoughtoytrucksfornow.”O(jiān)r,iftherequestisformanydifferentthings,say.“Youhavetomakeachoicebetweenthistoyandthattoy.”3．__4__Beginatthegrocerystore.Pickouttwosimilarbrandsofaproduct—aname-brandbutterandagenerie(無(wú)商標(biāo)產(chǎn)品),forexample.Youcanshowyourchildhowtomakechoicesbetweendifferentbrandsofaproductsothatyoucansavemoney.__5__Ifhechoosesthecheaperbrand,allowhimtomakeanotherpurchasewiththemoneysaved.Later，youmayexplainhowthemoreexpensivechoiceleaveslessmoneyforotherpurchases.A．WisedecisionsB．ThevalueofmoneyC．Permitthechildtochoosebetweenthem.D．Tellyourchildwhyhecan—orcannot—havecertainthings.E．Askyourselfwhatthingsthatcostmoneyaremostimportanttoyou.F．Talkabouthowthemoneyboughtthethingafteryouleavethetoystore.G．Thebesttimetoteachachildanythingaboutmoneyiswhenheshowsaninterest.答案：本文講述了應(yīng)該教會(huì)孩子怎樣花錢(qián)，錢(qián)的基本用途是什么，怎樣用錢(qián)買(mǎi)東西。1．G由下文可知，當(dāng)孩子對(duì)買(mǎi)東西感興趣時(shí)，這時(shí)你向他傳述錢(qián)的事情。2．F由上文可知，給孩子錢(qián)，讓他買(mǎi)玩具，買(mǎi)完之后再和他談一下怎樣用錢(qián)來(lái)買(mǎi)東西。3．D由下文內(nèi)容可知，孩子已有玩具，所以他不需再買(mǎi)，故D項(xiàng)正確。4．A由下文內(nèi)容可知，給孩子幾種選擇，要他去選擇買(mǎi)什么樣的才省錢(qián)。由此可知A項(xiàng)正確。5．C由下文內(nèi)容可知，孩子可以自己選擇。故C項(xiàng)正確。(二)(2011·遼寧卷)EasyWaystoKeepYourBrainSharpEveryoneisforgetful,butasweage,westarttofeellikeourbrainsareslowingdownabit—andthatcanbeaveryannoyingthing.__1__Readonforsometechniquesworthtrying.1．__2__Peoplewhoregularlymadeplansandlookedforwardtoupcomingeventshada50percentreducedchanceofAlzheimer'sdisease(早老性癡呆癥),accordingtoarecentstudy.__3__Somethingassimpleassettingagoaltohaveaweeklycoffeedatewithafriendwilldo.There'sevidencethatpeoplewhohaveapurposeinlifeorwhoareworkingonlongorshort-termgoalsappeartodobetter.Inotherwords,keepyourbrainlookingforward.2．Goforawalk.Mildlyraisedglucose(葡萄糖)levelscanharmtheareaofthebrainthathelpsyouformmemoriesandphysicalactivitycanhelpgetbloodglucosedowntonormallevels.Infact，exerciseproduceschemicalsthataregoodforyourbrain.__4__3．Learnsomethingnew.TakeaSpanishclassonline,joinadrawingclub,orlearntoplaycards.Astudyfoundthatmentalstimulation(刺激)limitstheweakeningeffectsofagingonmemoryandthemind.Butthebestthingforyourbrainiswhenyoulearnsomethingnewandarephysicallyactiveatthesametime.__5__Orgodancingwithyourfriends.A．Focusonthefuture.B．Thiscanbeespeciallyharmfultotheaged.C．Itshouldbesomethinglikelearninggardening.D．Sotakeafewminuteseachdaytodosomereading.E．Butdon'tworryifyourscheduleisn'tfilledwithlife-changingevents.F．Luckily,researchshowsthereisalotyoucandotoavoidthosemoments.G．Inotherwords,whenyoutakecareofyourbody,youtakecareofyourbrain.答案：本文講述的是保持思維靈敏的簡(jiǎn)易方法。即：聚焦未來(lái)，散步，學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)。1．F下文的1,2,3條就是避免思維遲鈍的方法。2．A由下文可知經(jīng)常做計(jì)劃，制定短期或長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)的人會(huì)做得更好，要保持思維超前，故A項(xiàng)正確。3．E由下文可知：同朋友約會(huì)喝咖啡這樣的簡(jiǎn)單事情也行，所以你不必?fù)?dān)心。4．G由上文可知：鍛煉能產(chǎn)生有益大腦的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，后一句是進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，故G項(xiàng)正確。5．C由上句可知對(duì)大腦最好的事情是你學(xué)新東西時(shí)，身體也要?jiǎng)?，即腦力勞動(dòng)和體力勞動(dòng)相結(jié)合的事，就像學(xué)習(xí)園藝以及和朋友跳舞這樣的事情。(三)(2011·北京卷)PublicSpeakingandCriticalThinkingWhatiscriticalthinking?Toacertaindegree,it'samatteroflogic(邏輯),ofbeingabletospotweaknessesinotherpeople'sargumentsandtoavoidtheminyourown.Italsoincludesrelatedskillssuchasdistinguishingfactfromopinionandassessingthesoundnessofevidence.Inthebroadsense,criticalthinkingisfocused,organizedthinking—theabilitytoseeclearlytherelationshipsamongideas.__1__Thegreatestthinkers,scientists,andinventorshaveoftentakeninformationthatwasreadilyavailableandputittogetherdifferentlytoproducenewideas.That,too,iscriticalthinking.__2__Astheclassgoeson,forexample,youwillprobablyspendagooddealoftimeorganizingyourspeeches.Whilethismayseemlikeapurelymechanical(機(jī)械的)exercise,itiscloselyconnectedwithcriticalthinking.Ifthestructureofyourspeechislooseandconfused,chancesarethatyourthinkingisalsodisorderedandconfused.If,ontheotherhand,thestructureisclear,thereisagoodchanceyourthinkingistoo.Organizingaspeechisnotjustamatterofarrangingtheideasyoualreadyhave.__3__.Whatistrueoforganizationistrueofmanyaspectsofpublicspeaking.__4__Asyouworkonexpressingyourideasinclear,accuratelanguage,youwillimporveyourabilitytothinkclearlyandaccurately.__5__Asyoulearntolistencriticallytospeechesinclass,youwillbebetterabletoassesstheideasofspeakersinavarietyofsituations.Ifyoutakefulladvantageofyourspeechclass,youwillbeabletodevelopyourskillsasacriticalthinkerinmanycircumstances.ThisisonereasonpublicspeakinghasbeenregardedasavitalpartofeducationsincethedaysofancientGreece.A.Rather,itisanimportantpartofshapingtheideasthemselves.B.Thismayseemlikealotoftime,buttherewardsarewellworthit.C.Itmayalsohelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.D.Ithasoftenbeensaidthattherearefewnewideasintheworld,onlyreorganizedideas.E.Ifyouarewonderingwhatthishastodowithyourpublicspeakingclass,theanswerisquitealot.F.Theskillsyoulearninyourspeechclasscanhelpyoubecomeamoreeffectivethinkerinanumberofways.G.Asyoustudytheroleofevidenceandreasoninginspeechmaking，youwillseehowtheycanbeusedinotherformsofcommunicationaswell.答案：1．D根據(jù)后一句，“最偉大的思想家、科學(xué)家、發(fā)明家經(jīng)常取用早就存在的消息，然后重新整合形成新的觀點(diǎn)”可知，應(yīng)選D，及世界上沒(méi)有多少新的觀點(diǎn)，只有被認(rèn)同的觀點(diǎn)。2.E第三段講的是在演講課上，你學(xué)會(huì)如何組織你的演講，故選E。3.A聯(lián)系上下句可知，組織演講不是一個(gè)整理你早就有的觀點(diǎn)的問(wèn)題，而是形成觀點(diǎn)本身的一個(gè)重要部分。4.F你在演講課上學(xué)到的技巧會(huì)幫助你成為一個(gè)更有效的思考者，下面幾句都圍繞這個(gè)話(huà)題展開(kāi)。5.G前后都是as引導(dǎo)的從句，故中間這句也應(yīng)該是as引導(dǎo)的句子。(一)(2011·海淀第二學(xué)期期末)TheFirstAmericansTherewasatimelongagowhenalandbridgeconnectedAsiaandNorthAmerica.ThefirstsettlersinNorthAmericacrossedthislandbridgefromwhatisnowSiberiatoAlaska.Thepeoplewhomadethisinitialcrossingwereprobablyfollowingtheanimalstheyusedforfood.Eventually,theoceansroseandthelandbridgebetweenthecontinentsdisappeared.Thesettlers,whoIshallcallthe“FirstAmericans”，couldnotreturntotheirhomeland.__1__Forthenextfewthousandyears,theFirstAmericansmigratedsouthandeastthroughoutNorthandSouthAmerica.TheymadethejourneyallthewayfromAlaskatothesoutherntipofSouthAmerica,adistanceofmorethan10,000miles.__2__Inthefarnorth,abovetheArcticCircle,theFirstAmericansbecamehuntersoftheocean.__3__Inthebriefsummer，theygatheredberriesandotherplants.Inthewinter,theystayedinlodgesmuchofthetimepreparingforthenextsummer.Itwasahardlife，buttheylearnedtosurviveintheseharshconditions.Farthersouth,inwhatisnowArizona,Utah,Colorado,andNewMexico,theFirstAmericansbecamecliffdwellers(懸崖居民).Theybeganbylivingincavesthatalreadyexistedinthecliffs.__4__Thedwellingstheyconstructedinmanywaysresembledtoday'sapartmentbuildings.__5__Theybuiltasystemofdamsandcanalssotheycouldstoreandusewateralmostanytimeoftheyear.Theyweresosuccessfulthattheycouldraisefruitsandvegetablesthatwerenotfoundnaturallyinthedesert.InMexicoandSouthAmerica,theFirstAmericansfoundedcivilizationsthatwereamongthegreatestintheworld.Theybuilthugepyramids,livedinfabulouscities,andmadegreatadvancesinscienceandmathematicslongbeforetheEuropeansarrived.A.Theyalsodiscoveredfoodslikecornandpotatoes.B.Alongtheway，theyestablishedmanydifferentcivilizations.C.TheFirstAmericansoftheSouthwestlearnedtoirrigatethedesert.D.TheywouldhavetosurviveintheNewWorldtheyhaddiscovered.E.Theybuiltboatsofanimalskinsandhuntedorfishedfortheirfood.F.Peoplelivingneareachothertendedtosharesimilarenvironmentsandcustoms.G.Theydiscoveredhowtoaddtothecavesbybuildingstructuresofwoodandstone.答案：本文介紹了從亞洲因追蹤獵物而橫越亞洲和北美大陸橋的最初的美洲人以及他們?cè)诿乐薨l(fā)展的歷程。1．D。由本段描述的因海洋面的上漲和大陸橋的最終被淹沒(méi)可推知這些從亞洲到美洲的人們不得不在美洲生存下來(lái)，故選D。2．B。由本段描述的內(nèi)容：他們?cè)谧畛醯膸浊觊g處在不斷的遷徙中，從阿拉斯加到南美南端，行程多達(dá)一萬(wàn)英里，可推知他們?cè)诼L(zhǎng)的遷徙過(guò)程中創(chuàng)建了許多不同的文明。故選B。3．E。從空前的他們成了海洋上的獵手，可推知E項(xiàng)正確。4．G。從空前的他們居住在懸崖上已經(jīng)存在的洞穴中和空后的他們的建筑在很多方面和現(xiàn)代化的公寓大樓相似，可推知G項(xiàng)正確。5．C。本句為段落主題句，從下文描述的他們建設(shè)堤壩、溝渠并成功地種植水果、蔬菜，可推知C項(xiàng)正確。(二)(2011·海淀期中)OurFearsCanChangetheRealityoftheSituationAttimes，ourworriesandanxietiescandefeatus.Inaddition,ourworriescanchangeourunderstandingofwhatisrealityandwhatisnot.Hereisabrieflistoftechniquesthatyoucanusetohelpgainabetterviewpointonthingsduringyouranxiousmoments.__1__Apersonshouldtakeadeepbreathandtrytofindsomethingtodoforafewminutestogettheirmindofftheproblem.Apersoncouldgetsomefreshair，listentosomemusic，ordoanactivitythatwillgivethemafreshperspectiveonthings.Rememberthatourfearfulthoughtsaremadetoseemworseandcanmaketheproblemworse.__2__Whenunexpectedlyhavingthoughtsthatmakeyoufearfuloranxious,challengethosethoughtsbyaskingyourselfquestionsthatwillmaintainobjectivityandcommonsense.Besmartinhowyoudealwithyourfearsandanxieties.Donottrytodealwitheverythingallatonce.Whenfacingacurrentorupcomingtaskthatmakesyouranxious,breakthetaskintoaseriesofsmallersteps.__3__Rememberthatalltheworryingintheworldwillnotchangeanything.Mostofwhatweworryaboutnevercomestrue.__4__EverythingelseyoucanleaveinthehandsofGod.Itisnoteasytodealwithallofourfearsandworries.Whenyourfearsandanxietieshavethebestofyou,trytocalmdownandthengetthefactsofthesituation.Thekeyistotakeitslow.Allyoucandoisdoyourbesteachday,hopeforthebest,andwhensomethingdoeshappen,takeiteasy.__5__A.Takeitonestepatatimeandthingswillworkout.B.Whenfeelinganxious,stopwhatyouaredoingandtrytodosomethingrelaxing.C.Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidencetomanageyouranxiety.D.Insteadofworryingaboutsomethingthatprobablywon'thappen,concentrateonwhatyouareabletodo.E.Thenexttimeyoufeeldepressed，reviewyourlistandthinkaboutthegoodthingsthatyouhaveinyourlife.F.Agoodwaytomanageyourworryistochallengeyournegativethinkingwithpositivestatementsandrealisticthinking.G.Completingthesesmallertasksoneatatimewillmakethestressmoremanageableandincreasesyourchancesofsuccess.答案：有時(shí)擔(dān)心和憂(yōu)慮可能擊敗我們，使我們的智商變低，擔(dān)憂(yōu)、恐懼不僅于事無(wú)補(bǔ)還有很大的副作用，作者給出了幾個(gè)解決問(wèn)題的方法。1．B。本句為段落主題句。由上文主題段可知此處應(yīng)該從具體的應(yīng)對(duì)措施談起，從下文內(nèi)容可知是感到焦慮時(shí)的具體的放松措施，故B項(xiàng)正確。2．F。從上句的恐懼只能使事情變得更糟和下句的面對(duì)恐懼和焦慮通過(guò)問(wèn)自己能否保持客觀性和常識(shí)性的問(wèn)題可知F項(xiàng)正確。3．G。本句是對(duì)上文的總結(jié)，由上句的把要做的事情分成一系列的小步驟可知G項(xiàng)正確。4．D。從上句對(duì)不可能發(fā)生的事情的擔(dān)憂(yōu)無(wú)濟(jì)于事和下句的不如把這些事情交給上帝處理可知D項(xiàng)正確。5．A。此處為段落尾句，由上文的解決我們面對(duì)的所有的恐懼和焦慮是不容易的事，面對(duì)恐懼和焦慮關(guān)鍵是要盡力保持鎮(zhèn)定和采取逐步解決的措施，你所能做的就是每天都盡力做到最好，抱最好的希望，一旦事情發(fā)生，不要著急可知下文應(yīng)該是一步一步地解決才能奏效，故選A。(三)(2011·東城練習(xí)二)WhenIwalkedintothehouseafterschool,thefirstthingInoticedwasaboxwithitemsIrecognizedfrommydad'soffice.Whenhetoldmethathewaslaidoff,Ithoughthewasjoking.ThenInoticedhisseriousnessandrealizedhewastellingthetruth.Myfatherhasalwaysbeenahardworker.Hehaspridedhimselfonhiscareer.__1__IguessIhadtakenhisworkforgranted.__2__Forstarters,hewashomeallthetime.Itmeantmybedhadtobemade,myroomcleanedup,andmyhomeworkdonerightafterschool.Iwouldcomehomeeverydaytofindhimatthecomputersearchingforjobs.__3__Heseemeddown,thoughhetriedtobeoptimistic.Heaskedmybrotherandmetospendless.Igaveupmyspendingmoney，whichwasn'tmuch.Ialsofoundapart-timejob.__4__Heexplainedthatheneverwantedtobelaidoffagain,sohewasgoingtostarthisownbusiness.Daybyday,Iwatchedhimbuildit.OneeveningIaskedifheneededhelp.“Onlyifitdoesn'taffectschool,”hesaid.Ishowedupathisofficethenextafternoon,andmostafternoonsafterthatfortwomonths.__5__Theterribleexperienceforourfamilytaughtmehowtodealwithdifficulties.NowIknowthatthroughcreativeproblem-solving,IcanalwaysfindPlan B.Icanaskforhelpandtakerisks.WhatIhavelearnedfrommydad'sunderstandingofbusinessandhisworkethic(信條)aretwoofthemostimportantlessonsIwilleverlearn.Andtheywillbemyprinciplesforsuccess.A.Providingforourfamilyhasbeenhisjoy.B.Imadeeveryefforttosolvehisproblems.C.Ibegantonoticehowlosinghisjobhadaffectedhim.D.Myfather'sunemploymentcreatedmanychangesinourlives.E.Aftermonthsofsearching,mydaddecidedtogoinatotallydifferentdirection.F.Hiscourageanddeterminationhelpedhimtobecomesuccessfulinhisnewcareer.G.Ialwaysknewhewasahardworker，butwatchinghiminactioninfluencedmealot.答案：1．A。由下句的內(nèi)容(我想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為他的工作是一份非常穩(wěn)定的、使我們感到自豪的工作)可知答案。2．D。第2段前幾句敘述了家的改變，由此可知是父親待在家引起的。3．C。由下句內(nèi)容(父親是消沉的……)可知答案。4．E。本段主要敘述了父親開(kāi)始自己做生意，由此可知父親開(kāi)始了一種與以往不同的生活。5．G。本段寫(xiě)出了父親工作的變故以及父親的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)對(duì)我的思想產(chǎn)生的影響，故選G。(四)(2011·西城二模)WhyCatsScratchThingsIthaslongbeenassumedthatwhencatsscratchobjectswiththeirfrontpaws(爪子)theyaresharpeningtheirclaws.__1__Researchoncatbehaviorsuggeststhatthemajorreasonforthisbehavioriscommunication.Byscratchingupthebarkofatreeorthelegofyourfavoritechair,thecatislettingothercatsorpeopleknowwheresheisandwhatsheisupto.Catstendtopickasmallnumberofnoticeableobjectsintheirenvironmentstoscratchsuchastrees,fencepostsrepeatedly.__2__Thescratchedsurfaceleavesahighlyvisiblemarkthatcanbeeasilyseenbyothercats.Inaddition,catshavespecialglands(腺)intheirpawssothatwhentheymakescratchingmovementstheyleavescent(氣味)thatothercatscansmell.Thefactthatcatsleavescentmarksbymakingscratchingmovementsmaybethereasonthatcatswillcontinuetoscratchobjectsevenaftertheyhavebeendeclawed.__3__Wedon'tknowexactlywhatcatsarecommunicatingwiththeirscratching.Bothmalesandfemalesdoit.Itisdoneinsideandoutsidethehomeandevenbycatslivingwithnoothercatsaround.__4__Catsdon'tscratchupyourfurnituretobotheryouorjusttobedestructive,butforspecificreasons,oneofwhichiscommunicating.Catsalsoscratchtoextendtheirbodies,duringplay，andpossiblyasagreetingortorelievedissatisfactionwhenpreventedfromdoingotherthingstheywanttodo.__5__Itiseasiertopreventproblemscratchingratherthantryingtochangeyourcat'spreferenceforthearmofyoursofaafterithasbecomeabuiltuphabit.Thus,thegoalistoestablishacceptablescratchinghabitsbygettingyourcattopreferascratchingpostratherthanthearmofyoursofa.A.Itturnsoutthatthisisonlyasecondaryreason.B.Thisiswhythetreenextdoorlookssoscratchedup.C.Catsuseotherpartsoftheirbodiestocommunicateaswell.D.Smallpiecesofbarkhaveaccumulatedonthegroundunderneath.E.Scratchingcanresultinconsiderabledamage，ownerdissatisfaction.F.Declawedcatsmaystillbeleavingscentmarksonobjectstheyscratch.G.Itcouldbeadefensivewarningorjustamarkerthatannouncesitsexistence.答案：貓為什么抓撓東西？研究表明并不像人們?cè)瓉?lái)認(rèn)為的那樣是為了磨爪子，而是為了交際……1．A。此處表示意義的轉(zhuǎn)折，故選A。2．B。由上句所說(shuō)的原因，貓喜愛(ài)不斷地抓撓樹(shù)木和籬笆柱子等其周邊環(huán)境中較搶眼的東西可知B項(xiàng)是其結(jié)果：樹(shù)木被抓撓得傷痕累累。3．F。空前的declawed是關(guān)鍵信息詞。4．G。由上句即使周?chē)鷽](méi)有其他的貓存在，貓也如此做，可能是作為一種防御警示或只是用痕跡宣布自己的存在。5．E。從空后提供的建議(怎樣保護(hù)你喜愛(ài)的貴重物品不被貓抓撓)可推知E項(xiàng)正確。(五)(2011·東北三省四市聯(lián)考)__1__Peopleusemoneytobuyfood，furniture，books,bicyclesandhundredsofotherthingstheyneedorwant.Whentheywork，theyusuallygetpaidinmoney.Mostofthemoneytodayismadeofmetalorpaper.__2__Oneofthefirstkindsofmoneywasshells.Shellswerenottheonlythingsusedasmoney.InChina，clothandkniveswereused.InthePhilippineIslands，ricewasusedasmoneyforalongtime.Elephanttusks，monkeytailsandsaltwereusedasmoneyinpartsofAfrica.ThefirstmetalcoinsweremadeinChina.Theywereroundandhadasquareholeinthecentre.__3__Differentcountrieshaveuseddifferentmetalsanddesignsfortheirmoney.__4__SwedenandRussiausedcoppertomaketheirmoney.Latersomecountriesbegantomakecoinsofgoldandsilver.Butevengoldandsilverwereinconvenientifyouhadtobuysomethingexpensive.AgaintheChinesethoughtofawaytoimprovemoney.__5__Thefirstpapermoneylookedmorelikeanotefromonepersontoanotherthanthepapermoneyusedtoday.Moneyhashadaninterestinghistoryfromthedaysofshellmoneyuntiltoday.A.ThefirstcoinsinEnglandweremadeoftin(錫)．B.Butpeopleusedtouseallkindsofthingsasmoney.C.Nooneknowsforcertainwhenpeoplebegantousemoney.D.Peoplestrung(串連)themtogetherandcarriedthemfromplacetoplace.E.Money,asweknow，isallmadeofpaper.F.Theybegantousepapermoney.G.Todayanyonewillacceptmoneyinexchangeforgoodsandservices.答案：本文是說(shuō)明文，說(shuō)的是貨幣的歷史及其形態(tài)演變。1．G。作為首句顯然應(yīng)該切入主題，符合此要求的選項(xiàng)有C、E和G項(xiàng)，但內(nèi)容與第一段內(nèi)容相符的只有G項(xiàng)。該項(xiàng)中的“Today”為暗示詞。2．B。依據(jù)行義邏輯，空前后內(nèi)容有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。該空前有metal和paper，空后有shell，且B項(xiàng)中有暗示詞“kinds”。故選B。3．D。依據(jù)行文邏輯，上下文間為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。該空前有asquarehole...，D項(xiàng)中有strug(串連)themtogether...，這是對(duì)前后內(nèi)容的有效、合理的承接。4．A。依據(jù)行文邏輯，上下文間為順承關(guān)系。空前有Differentcountries...，空后有SwedenandRussia...，因此只有A項(xiàng)．..inEngland與之相吻合，故選A。5．F。依據(jù)行文邏輯，上下文間為因果關(guān)系?？涨罢劶爸袊?guó)人最先制造出金屬貨幣，又因?yàn)橘F重金屬作為貨幣帶來(lái)的不便而想出了一個(gè)改進(jìn)的方法；空后緊接著引出紙幣，故只有F項(xiàng)“Theybegantousepapermoney.”可以前后照應(yīng)。(六)(2011·東北三校二模)AsurveyconductedlastweekbyChinaYouthDailyandSshowedabout70percentof3,990intervieweesbelievewealthyChinesedonothaveagoodreputationandarenotworthyofrespect.“Richpeopleonthemainlandinvesttoolittleincharityandgaintoomuch，”astudentfromBeijingSportsUniversitysaid.__1__Theyareasenseofsocialresponsibility,self-disciplineandacaringheart.Thenumberofpeoplewhomakeatleast$50,000ayearincreasesby15percentayearaccordingtotheChinaEconomicTimes.__2__Thequestionhowtherichbecamerichwasonthetopofthelistfromtheintervieweessurveyed.Apost-graduatestudentattheCommunicationUniversityofChinasaid，“__3__”Thisopinionhasbeenwidelyacknowledgedbymostinterviewees.__4__ManyvotersthoughtbetterofrichpeoplefromHongKong,Macao,Taiwanandwesterncountries,ratherthanthemainland.HongKongpropertytycoon(大亨)LiKa-shingwasmosthighlyregarded,followedbyBillGates,mainlandpropertytycoonWangShiandbasketballplayerYaoMing.AprofessorfromRenminUniversityofChinacalledontheheadsofChinesecompaniestothinkandinvestinalong-termway.“___5__”theprofessoradded.A．Evenso,thesurveyalsofoundwealthypeoplekeepingthelaw,andhavingasenseofsocialresponsibilityandacaringheart，arerespected.B.Skilledcommunicationisnotthenecessaryqualityfortherichtogetsocialrespect.C.Thesurveysuggeststherich，tobecomepopularandrespected，needthreethings.D.Theirsocialresponsibilityisnotonlyincharity,butinbeingatieconnectingthecompanywiththegovernmentandthepublic.E.What'smore，somewealthypeoplewerefounddishonestsometimes.F.Ourcountrynowhas1.5millionrichpeople.G.Somerichpeoplearethoughttohavemadetheirwealththroughillegalmeans,suchasbribery(受賄)．答案：1．C。由下句敘述三方面的內(nèi)容可知答案為C。2．F。由上句內(nèi)容可知，本段介紹了中國(guó)目前富人增長(zhǎng)的比率，故答案為F。3．G。由本段第一句話(huà)“富人怎樣變富……”以及下句的Thisopinion可知答案。4．A。由下句“許多選民對(duì)來(lái)自香港、澳門(mén)、臺(tái)灣及西方國(guó)家的富人評(píng)價(jià)較高……”可知本段介紹的是哪類(lèi)富人受到人們的尊敬。5．D。由句意以及D中的關(guān)鍵詞their(指上文的theheadsofChinesecompaines)可知答案。(七)(2011·沈陽(yáng)二模)Apunctualpersonisinthehabitofdoingathingatthepropertimeandisneverlateinkeepinganappointment.Theunpunctualman,ontheotherhand,neverdoeswhathehastodoattherighttime.__1__There'saproverbwhichsays，“Timefliesnevertoberecalled.”Thisistrue.__2__.Theunpunctualmanisforeverwastinghismostvaluablepossessionsaswellasothers'.Theunpunctualpersonisalwayscomplainingthathefindsnotimetoanswerletters,orreturncallsorkeepappointments.__3__Heknowsthathecangetthroughhishugeamountofworkonlyifhefaithfullykeepseveryappointmentanddealswitheverypieceofworkwhenithastobeattendedto.__4__Ifapersonisinvitedtodinnerandarriveslaterthantheappointedtime,hekeepsalltheotherguestswaitingforhim.Usuallythiswillberegardedasrudebothtothehostandtheotherguests.Unpunctuality,moreover，isveryharmfulwhenitcomestoone'sduty.Imaginehowitwouldbeifthosewhoareputinchargeofimportanttasksfailedtobeattheirproperplaceattheappointedtime.__5__A.Theyappeartobebusybutnevergetwellpaid.B.Heisalwaysinahurryandendsuplosingtime.C.Maybenobodymindsbeingkeptwaitingatadinnerparty.D.Alostthingmaybefoundagain,butlosttimecanneverberegained.E.Butthemanwhoreallyhasagreatdealtodoisverycarefulofhistime.F.Amanwhoisknowntobehabituallyunpunctualisnevertrustedbyothers.G.Failuretobepunctualinkeepingone'sappointmentisasignofdisrespecttowardsothers.答案：守時(shí)是一種美德，而不守時(shí)的人永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被別人信任。1．B。由上句“守時(shí)的人總是在合適的時(shí)間做合適的事情和約會(huì)也不遲到以及不守時(shí)的人從不能在恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間做該做的事”可推知“總是顯得匆忙而最終浪費(fèi)時(shí)間”是對(duì)不守時(shí)人的總結(jié)。下文第2段空3前的內(nèi)容也暗示了這一點(diǎn)。2．D。這句話(huà)是對(duì)上一句諺語(yǔ)的解釋。3．E。空3前后是兩種人不同做法的對(duì)比，空3引領(lǐng)下面內(nèi)容。4．G。此句為段落主題句，是對(duì)下文內(nèi)容的概括。5．F?？?為段落尾句，既是對(duì)該段的總結(jié)也是對(duì)全文的總結(jié)，即“不守時(shí)的人永遠(yuǎn)不值得信賴(lài)”。(八)(2011·太原基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)測(cè)試)Maybeyouareanaveragestudent.Youprobablythinkyouwillneverbeatopstudent.Thisisnotnecessarilyso，however.__1__Here'show：Planyourtimecarefully.Whenplanningyourwork,youshouldmakealistofthingsthatyouhavetodo.Aftermakingthislist,youshouldmakeascheduleofyourtime.Firstarrangeyourtimeforeating，sleeping,dressing,etc.Thendecideagood,regulartimeforstudying.__2__Aweeklyschedulemaynotsolveallyourproblems，butitwillforceyoutorealizewhatishappeningtoyourtime.Findagoodplacetostudy.Lookaroundthehouseforagoodstudyarea.Keepthisspace，whichmaybeadeskorsimplyacornerofyourroom,freeofeverythingbutstudymaterials.Nogames,radios,ortelevisions.Whenyousitdowntostudy,concentrateonthesubject.Makegooduseofyourtimeinclass.__3__Listeningcarefullyinclassmeanslessworklater.Takingnoteswillhelpyourememberwhattheteachersays.Studyregularly.Whenyougethomefromschool,gooveryournotes,reviewtheimportantpointsthatyourteacherisgoingtodiscussthenextday,readthatmaterial.__4__Ifyoudothesethingsregularly,thematerialwillbecomemoremeaningful,andyou'llrememberitlonger.Developagoodattitudetowardstests.__5__Theyhelpyourememberyournewknowledge.Theworldwon'tendifyoudon'tpassatest,sodon'tbeoverlyworried.Thereareothermethodsthatmighthelpyouwithyourstudying.Youwillprobablydiscovermanyothersafteryouhavetriedthese.A.Thepurposeofatestistoshowwhatyouhavelearned.B.Don'tforgettosetasideenoughtimeforentertainment.C.Takeadvantageofclasstimetolistentoeverythingtheteachersays.D.Noonecanbecomeatopstudentunlessheorsheworkshard.E.Anyonecanbecomeabetterstudentifheorshewantsto.F.Remembertotakenotesofwhattheteachersaysinclass.G.Thiswillhelpyouunderstandthenextclass.答案：本文從五個(gè)方面闡述了怎樣由普通學(xué)生成為優(yōu)秀學(xué)生。1．E。Anyonecanbecomeabetterstudentifheorshewantsto.在此起承接上句引領(lǐng)下句的作用。2．B。從上文在介紹如何安排時(shí)間，即首先安排吃飯、睡覺(jué)和穿衣打扮等的時(shí)間，其次留出定期學(xué)習(xí)的恰當(dāng)時(shí)間，按照常識(shí)和行文邏輯Don'tforgettosetasideenoughtimeforentertainment.(別忘了留出足夠的娛樂(lè)時(shí)間)就順理成章了。3．C。結(jié)合設(shè)空處前后句的內(nèi)容可知，設(shè)空處的句子應(yīng)該既是對(duì)段落主題句的解釋又是對(duì)下文內(nèi)容的概述，而Takeadvantageofclasstimetolistentoeverythingtheteachersays.正好滿(mǎn)足了這一要求。4．G。Thiswillhelpyouunderstandthenextclass.既是對(duì)上句話(huà)的總結(jié)，也和下文內(nèi)容銜接。5．A。Thepurposeofatestistoshowwhatyouhavelearned.既是對(duì)段落首句的詮釋?zhuān)埠拖戮涿芮秀暯?，融為一體。(九)(2011·河南示范高中適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)Whatdoyou,thetrees，andabirdhaveincommon?__1__Alllivingthingsmusthavewatertosurvive，whethertheygetitfromawaterfountain，araincloud，oralittlebottleattachedtothesideofabirdcage.__2__Watermakesupmorethanhalfofyourbodyweightandapersoncan'tsurviveformorethanafewdayswithoutit.Why?Yourbodyhaslotsofimportantjobsanditneedswatertodomanyofthem.Forinstance,yourblood,whichcontainsalotofwater,carriesoxygentoallthecellsofyourbody.Withoutoxygen,thosetinycellswoulddieandyourbodywouldstopworking.Waterisalsoinlymph,afluid(流體)thatispartofyourimmunesystem(免疫系統(tǒng)),whichhelpsyoufightoffillness.__3__Waterisneededfordigestivejuices,urine,andpoop.Andyoucanbetthatwatermakesupmostofsweat.Inadditiontobeinganimportantpartofthefluidsinyourbody,eachcelldependsonwatertofunctionnormally.__4__Anyfluidyoudrinkwillcontainwater,butwaterandmilkarethebestchoices.Lotsoffoodscontainwater,too.__5__Youcouldprobablytellthatifyou'veeverbittenintoapeachorpearandfeltthejuicesdrippingdownyourchin!Vegetables,too,containalotofwater—thinkofbitingintoafattomatofromthegarden.A.Youneedwatertodigestyourfoodandgetridofwaste，too.B.Youallneedwater.C.Withoutwater，yourbodywouldstopworkingproperly.D.Howmuchisenough?E.Yourbodydoesn'tgetwateronlyfromdrinkingwater.F.Whenyoudrinkisalsoimportant.G.Fruitcontainsquiteabitofwater.答案：凡生命體都離不開(kāi)水，不管是動(dòng)物、植物還是鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)。本文講述了其原因和獲取水的途徑。1．B?？?既是對(duì)文章首句提出的問(wèn)題的回答也是文章的主題句，故選B。2．C?？?承接上文，回答了“為什么”需要水，并且接著從四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了闡明。3．A?？?承接上文“擺脫疾病”和銜接下文“消化食物和清除體內(nèi)垃圾的需要”，是上下句之間的過(guò)渡句。4．E。由下文的內(nèi)容可知，空4引領(lǐng)下文，講述獲取水的方式。5．G?？?承接上句內(nèi)容，引領(lǐng)下文內(nèi)容?！粜露涛母腻e(cuò)(一)(2011·浙江卷)Iwasplayingatmycousinhouse.Sincehisfamilywasrichthanmine,hehadmoretoysthanIdid.TherewasoneonparticularI'dalwayswanted.Iputintomypocketwhenhewasn'tlooking.Iguessed,evenatthatage,Iwouldneverbeabletoenjoytoplayingwiththetoyorfacedmycousinagain;IwouldalwaysknowI'ddonesome