楊浦區(qū)2019學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三模擬質(zhì)量調(diào)研英語(yǔ)學(xué)科試卷n.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.KillerRabbitsYou'dneverthinkofrabbitsasdreadful,destructivecreatures,wouldyou?Rabbitsarecuteandlove-able.However,Australiansdiscovered1harmthesecutecreaturescandothehardway.RabbitswereintroducedtoAustraliain1788asfoodanimals.By1827,theywererunningaroundlargeestates,andin1859,disasterstruck.Amanreleased12wildrabbitsontohispropertyforhuntingandhe2havethoughtthatwasharmlessfun.ButAustraliahasnopredators(捕食者)3_(adapt)tokillingrabbitsandnoneofthediseasesthatkepttheirpopulationscontrolinEurope.Thelooserabbitsbredlike,well,rabbits,andbegantotakeoverthecountryside.Withinafewdecades,thereweremillions.By1950,therewere600millionrabbitsinAustralia.Sixhundredmillionhungryrabbitscoulddorealharm.Theycausedmoredamagethananyotherspeciesintroducedtothecontinent.Theyatenativeplantspecies5theydisappeared.Theycompetedforfoodandshelterwithnativeanimals.theycausedtheextinctionorendangermentofnumerousplantandanimalspecies.Andtheywereanightmareforcattleandsheepfarmers,6animalscouldn'tgetenoughgrasstoeatandstarved.Therabbitsdidsomegood,ofcourse.Theyprovidedfoodforpoorfamilies.Theysupportedfurindustries.Buttheirimpactontheenvironmentandmajorlivestockeconomywastoonegative(ignore).Peopletriedtrappingthem.Theyevenbuiltahugewallagainstthem.But(effective)weaponwasavirus.(test)multipletimes,thedeadlymyxomaviruswasreleasedonAustralia'srabbitsin1950.Thevirushadbeendevelopedverycarefullytoaffectonlyrabbits.Nearly100percentoftherabbitswhocaughtthedisease10(die).Populationsfell.Itwasahugesuccess.Cattleandsheepfarmingrecoveredgradually,andthreatenedplantswerebetterprotected.Eventually,rabbitsbecameresistanttothevirus.【答案】1.what2.must3.adapted4.under5.until6.whose7.tobeignoredthemosteffectiveHavingbeentesteddied【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了兔子對(duì)澳大利亞的環(huán)境和畜牧業(yè)造成的影響以及當(dāng)?shù)氐膽?yīng)對(duì)措施?！?題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：然而，澳大利亞人發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些可愛(ài)的生物所造成的傷害。此處為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中的do缺少賓語(yǔ)，故填what?！?題詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：一個(gè)人放了12只野兔到他的地里打獵， 他一定認(rèn)為那是無(wú)害的樂(lè)趣。musthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情最有把握的肯定推測(cè)，表示“一定 "，故填must。【3題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：但澳大利亞沒(méi)有適合獵殺兔子的食肉動(dòng)物，也沒(méi)有讓它們的數(shù)量在歐洲得到控制的疾病。beadaptedtodoing表示“適應(yīng)做某事”，此處去掉be做后置定語(yǔ)，故填adaptedo【4題詳解】考查介詞。句意同上，undercontrol表示“處于控制之下“，故填under?！?題詳解】考查連詞。句意：它們吃本地的植物直到這些植物消失。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處缺少連詞，根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“直到"，故填until?！?題詳解】考查非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：而對(duì)于牛羊養(yǎng)殖戶來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一場(chǎng)噩夢(mèng)，他們的牲畜無(wú)法獲得足夠的草來(lái)

吃，并且挨餓。此處為非限定性定語(yǔ)從句， animals與先行詞farmers之間是所屬關(guān)系，用關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中做定語(yǔ)，故填 whose?！?題詳解】考查固定句式和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：但它們對(duì)環(huán)境和主要畜牧業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響是不容忽視的。 too-to 表示“太 而不能"，impact與ignore之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填tobeignored?！?題詳解】考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：但最有效的武器是病毒。上文提到了人們通過(guò)誘捕和筑墻的方式控制兔子的數(shù)量，因此此處含有最高級(jí)含義，表示“最有效的"，故填themosteffective【9題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：經(jīng)過(guò)多次測(cè)試，致命的粘液瘤病毒于1950年在澳大利亞的兔子身上投放。thedeadlymyxomavirus與test之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)， 而且test這一動(dòng)作明顯發(fā)生在released之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式做狀語(yǔ)，故填Havingbeentested?！?0題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：感染這種疾病的兔子幾乎 100%O死了。事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去， 應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)， 故填died。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproper wordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.stringB.containedC.representingD.detailingE.scientificF.currentsG.recoveredH.encounijeredLestimatedJrinstructionsK,decoraLionBottleFoundatSeaUsedforScientificPurposeCombingthebeachforshells,seaglass,orcolorfulrocksisaleisureactivityenjoyedbymany.Someevenusemetaldetectorstofindburiedtreasureorotherobjects.Onlytheluckyfewhave11amessageinabottlethatwasdroppedoffbythetide.Thetraditionofputtingalettertoanunknownrecipientintoabottleandthrowingitintotheoceanhasaninterestingpast.Anearly12 useforthepracticewasrevealedwhentheoldestrecordedmessageinabottlewasfoundbyTonyaonabeachnearWedgeIsland,Australia.Tonyawasonafamilyoutingwhenshenoticedtheantiqueglassbottleinthesandandthoughtitwouldmakeanice13 .Whileshewascleaningthesandyginbottle,arolleduppaper12,1886.AccordingtoofficialdocumentsfromtheGermansailingvessels,Paula,acrewmembertossedthebottleoverboarda(n)15950kmoffthecoastofWesternAustralia.Furthertiedwitha14fellotiedwitha14fellout.ThedamppagewasamessagewritteninGermananddatedJuneresearchauthenticated(驗(yàn)證)theletter,whichhadbeensentafloat132yearsagoandistheoldestmessageinabottleever16 .HistoriansconfirmthatthousandsofsimilarbottleswerecastoverboardbyGermanshipsbetween1864and1933.And17 insidewereofficialdocumentswrittenbythecaptainoftheship,18routes,coordinates,andotherinformation.TheseearlymessagesinabottlewereanattemptbytheGermanNavalObservatorytomapocean19aroundtheworld.Onthebackofthenoteswere20 towritethetimeandplacethebottleswerefoundandreturnthemtotheGermanNavalObservatoryinHamburgorthenearestGermanauthorities.Usingthisinformationforreferencewasanearlysystemofstudyingpatternsinnatureandthevastoceaninparticular.【答案】11.H12.E13.K14.A15.I16.G17.B18.D19.F20.J【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了世界上最古老的漂流瓶里的信息是德國(guó)海軍天文臺(tái)試圖繪制世界各地洋流的地圖。【11題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：只有少數(shù)幸運(yùn)的人才會(huì)遇到被潮水沖走的漂流瓶里的信息。此處缺少動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)，用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，此處需要填過(guò)去分詞，根據(jù)"Someevenusemetaldetectorstofindburiedtreasureorotherobjects.”可知此處表示"遇到"，故填 H?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：當(dāng)托尼婭在澳大利亞韋奇島附近的海灘上發(fā)現(xiàn)了瓶中最古老的信息時(shí)，這種做法的早期科學(xué)用途就被揭示了。修飾名詞 use用形容詞，根據(jù)下文所說(shuō)的“這些早期的信息是德國(guó)海軍天文臺(tái)試E。E。【13題詳解】考查名詞。句意：托尼婭正在一個(gè)家庭郊游時(shí)，她注意到沙子里有一個(gè)古董玻璃瓶，她認(rèn)為這會(huì)是一個(gè)很好的裝飾。做動(dòng)詞make的賓語(yǔ)用名詞，根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，古董玻璃瓶可以作為一個(gè)裝飾品，故填 K?！?4題詳解】考查名詞。句意：當(dāng)她清洗那個(gè)滿是沙子的杜松子酒瓶子時(shí)，一張用繩子綁著的一卷紙掉了出來(lái)。做介詞with的賓語(yǔ)用名詞，根據(jù)"arolleduppapertied”可知此處表示"細(xì)繩”，故填 A?！?5題詳解】950公里的地方。950公里的地方。此處缺少形容詞做定語(yǔ)修飾 950km,根據(jù)“950kmoffthecoastofWesternAustralia. ”可知此處表示“估算的、大約”，estimated是過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的形容詞，表示“估算的”，故填I(lǐng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：進(jìn)一步的研究證實(shí)了這是一封 132年前從海上發(fā)出的信，它是迄今為止發(fā)現(xiàn)的瓶子里最古老的信息。此處缺少非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做后置定語(yǔ)修飾 theoldestmessageinabottle,根據(jù)"whichhadbeensentafloat132yearsagoandistheoldestmessageinabottleever ”可知此處表示“被發(fā)現(xiàn)的",故填Go【17題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：里面有船長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)的官方文件，詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了航線、坐標(biāo)和其他信息。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處使用的是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)"insidewereofficialdocumentswrittenbythecaptainoftheship,8routes,coordinates,andotherinformation ”可知此處表示"包含",documents與之是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞，故填B。【18題詳解】考查形容詞。句意同上，修飾名詞routes用形容詞，根據(jù)"routes,coordinates,andotherinformation”可知此處表示“詳細(xì)的”，故填 D。【19題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這些早期的信息是德國(guó)海軍天文臺(tái)試圖繪制世界各地洋流的地圖。做動(dòng)詞 map的賓語(yǔ)用名詞，根據(jù)"anattemptbytheGermanNavalObservatorytomapocean ”可知此處表示"洋流"，故填F?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：紙條背面有寫(xiě)下發(fā)現(xiàn)瓶子的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)并將它們送回漢堡的德國(guó)海軍天文臺(tái)或最近的德

towritethetime國(guó)當(dāng)局的指示。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知本句使用的是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，此處缺少名詞做主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)towritethetimeandplacethebottleswerefoundandreturnthemtotheGermanNavalObservatoryinHamburgorthenearestGermanauthorities”可知此處表示“指示"，故填J?！军c(diǎn)睛】本篇第2空的難度在于答案依據(jù)離空處較遠(yuǎn)，這就要求同學(xué)們耐心閱讀，仔細(xì)尋找答案依據(jù)，切不可急于做選擇，首先確定詞性再判斷詞義，首先確定修飾名詞 use用形容詞，從空前上一句或下一句無(wú)法判斷該詞詞義，這就需要我們耐心閱讀，在后文中尋找依據(jù)，根據(jù)下文中的" TheseearlymessagesinabottlewereanattemptbytheGermanNavalObservatorytomapocean9aroundtheworld.”可知，這些早期的信息是德國(guó)海軍天文臺(tái)試圖繪制世界各地洋流的地圖，這屬于科學(xué)用途，由此可知此處表示“科學(xué)的"，故填 E。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Astarathletestoppedbymyofficeandshewaseatenupbyself-criticismaftercommittingafewerrorsduringaweekendmatch."I'matpeak21andIpractisehard.Howisthishappening?"Thisstudent,likemanyIteach,believessheshouldbeableto22theoutcomesofherlifebyvirtueofherhardwork.Istudyandwriteaboutresilience( 復(fù)原力),andI'mnoticinga(n) 23increaseinstudentslikethisathlete.Whentheywin,theyfeelpowerfulandsmart.Whentheyfallshortofwhattheyimaginetheyshould24 ,however,theyarecrushedbyself-blame.Wetalkoftenaboutyoungadultsstrugglingwithfailurebecausetheirparentshaveprotectedthemfrom25 .Butthereissomethingelseatplayamongthemostadvantagedinparticular:a26promisethattheycanachieveanythingiftheyarewillingtoworkforit.Psychologistshavesourcedthisphenomenontoamisapplicationof“mind-set"researchwhichhasfoundthatpraisingchildrenfor27willincreaseacademicperformance.DevelopedbyStanfordpsychologistCarolDweck,mind-seteducationhasspreadacrossclassroomsworldwide.Buta2018analysisfoundthatwhilepraisinghardworkoverabilitymaybenefiteconomicallydisadvantagedstudents,itdoesnot28helpeveryone.OnepossibleexplanationcomesfromNinaKumar,whoarguedinaresearchpaperlastyearthatforteensinwealthy,pressure-cookercommunities,“Itisnota 29ofmotivationandperseverancethatisthebigproblem.30,itisunhealthyperfectionismanddifficultywithbackingoffwhentheyshould,whenthefiercedriveforachievementsisoverthetop."Thiscan31physicalandemotionalstress.Ina2007study,psychologistsGregoryMillerdeterminedthatadolescentgirlswhorefusedtogiveupthe32goalsshowedelevatedlevelsofCRP,aproteinthatservesasamarkerofsystemicinflammation（炎癥）linkedtodiabetes,heartdiseaseandothermedicalconditions.Thecruelrealityisthatyoucandoeverythinginyourpowerandstillfail.Thisknowledgecomesearlytounderrepresentedminoritieswhoseexperienceofdiscrimination（ 歧視）andinequalityteachesthemto33whatis,fornow,largelybeyondtheircontroltochange.Yetforothers,thebeliefthatsuccessisalwayswithintheirgraspisasetup.Insteadofallowingourkidstobeatthemselvesupwhenthingsdon'tgotheirway,weshouldallquestionaculturethathastaughtthemthathowtheyperformforothersismoreimportantthanwhat34inspiresthemandthatwheretheygotocollegemattersmorethanthekindofpersontheyare.Weshouldbewisetoremindourkidsthatlifehasawayofdisappointinguswhenweleast35it.It'softenthepeoplewholearntosay“stuff happens“whogetupthefastest.21.A.coolnessB.fitnessC.goodnessD.readiness22A.controlB.changeC.adjustD.celebrate23.A.amusingB.inspiringC.troublingD.touching24.A.applyB.approveC.appreciateD.accomplish25.A.disbeliefB.disagreementC.discoveryD.discomfort26.A.brightB.falseC.generalD.flexible27.A.virtueB.abilityC.effortD.status28.A.originall^^^^^B.obviouslyC.necessarilyD.regularly29.A.choiceB.commandC.displayD.lack30.A.InsteadB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.However31.A.resultfromB.applyforC.associatewithD.leadto32.A.ImmoralB.impersonalC.impossibleD.impolite

A.challengeA.plainlyA.exhibit【答案】A.challengeA.plainlyA.exhibit【答案】21.B22.AB.acceptB.probablyB.expect23.C24.D25.DC.assessC.immediatelyC.establish26.B27.C28.C29.D.inquireD.actuallyD.recognizeD30.A31.D32.C33.B34.D35.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，由一個(gè)明星運(yùn)動(dòng)員在比賽中犯錯(cuò)而自責(zé)不已的故事引出了這樣一種現(xiàn)象——現(xiàn)在很多孩子秉承一種不健康的完美主義，認(rèn)為付出努力就應(yīng)該得到好的結(jié)果，這使他們對(duì)成就的追求超過(guò)了自己的極限并很難在應(yīng)該放棄的時(shí)候放手，從而導(dǎo)致身體和精神上的雙重壓力，我們需要提醒孩子生活總是在我們最不經(jīng)意的時(shí)候讓我們失望。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我正處于最佳狀態(tài)，我努力訓(xùn)練。這是怎么回事？A.coolness冷靜；B.fitness健康、恰當(dāng)；C.goodness善良；D.readiness愿意?？涨罢f(shuō)這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員是明星運(yùn)動(dòng)員，因此她應(yīng)該是處于最佳的狀態(tài)，她不明白自己為何還會(huì)在比賽中犯錯(cuò)誤，故 B項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)學(xué)生，和我教的很多學(xué)生一樣，相信她應(yīng)該能夠通過(guò)努力訓(xùn)練來(lái)控制生活的結(jié)果。A.control控制；B.change改變；C.adjust調(diào)整；D.celebrate慶祝。上文說(shuō)這個(gè)明星運(yùn)動(dòng)員處于最佳的狀態(tài)，她對(duì)自己在比賽中犯錯(cuò)自責(zé)不已，言外之意，她認(rèn)為自己努力訓(xùn)練就應(yīng)該會(huì)得到好的結(jié)果，因此她相信通過(guò)自己的努力訓(xùn)練，她能夠控制生活的結(jié)果，故 A項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我研究并撰寫(xiě)了關(guān)于適應(yīng)力的文章，我注意到，像這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員這樣的學(xué)生人數(shù)出現(xiàn)了令人不安的增長(zhǎng)。A.amusing逗樂(lè)的；B.inspiring鼓舞人心的；C.troubling令人不安的；D.touching感人的。像這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員這樣的學(xué)生人數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)是令人不安的，故 C項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，當(dāng)他們沒(méi)有達(dá)到他們想象的目標(biāo)時(shí)，他們就會(huì)自責(zé)。 A.apply 應(yīng)用；B.approve批準(zhǔn)；C.appreciate欣賞；D.accomplish實(shí)現(xiàn)、達(dá)到?？涨罢f(shuō)當(dāng)他們贏了的時(shí)候，他們會(huì)覺(jué)得自己很強(qiáng)大，很聰明，此處與之形成對(duì)比，說(shuō)的是沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的時(shí)候他們的心態(tài)，故 D項(xiàng)正確?！?5題詳解】A.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們經(jīng)常談?wù)撃贻p人在失敗中掙扎，因?yàn)樗麄兊母改副Ｗo(hù)他們免受不適。A.disbelief懷疑；B.disagreement不一致；C.discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.discomfort不適、不安。根據(jù)空前的“theirparentshaveprotectedthemfrom”可知，這些在失敗中掙扎的年輕人的父母保護(hù)他們免受不適，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但在最有優(yōu)勢(shì)的人當(dāng)中，還有一些事情在起作用：如果他們?cè)敢鉃橹?，他們就能?shí)現(xiàn)任何目標(biāo)的錯(cuò)誤承諾。A.bright明亮的；B.false錯(cuò)誤的、虛假的；C.general普遍的；D.flexible靈活的。根據(jù)上文提到的那個(gè)明星運(yùn)動(dòng)員的例子可知，認(rèn)為憑借努力就能實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的想法是錯(cuò)誤的，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：心理學(xué)家將這一現(xiàn)象歸因于“思維定勢(shì)”研究的誤用，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，表?yè)P(yáng)孩子的努力會(huì)提高學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。A.virtue美德；B.ability能力；C.effort努力；D.status地位。上文說(shuō)的那個(gè)明星運(yùn)動(dòng)員認(rèn)為憑借努力就應(yīng)該實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，因此此處指“表?yè)P(yáng)孩子的努力”，故 C項(xiàng)正確?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但 2018年的一項(xiàng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然贊揚(yáng)努力學(xué)習(xí)勝過(guò)能力可能會(huì)使經(jīng)濟(jì)條件差的學(xué)生受益，但不一定對(duì)每個(gè)人都有幫助。A.originally最初；B.obviously明顯地；C.necessarily必要地、必定地；D.regularly有規(guī)律地。根據(jù)空前表示讓步的while可知，贊揚(yáng)努力學(xué)習(xí)勝過(guò)能力不一定對(duì)每個(gè)人都有幫助，故 C項(xiàng)正確。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一種可能的解釋來(lái)自妮娜?庫(kù)馬爾，她在去年的一篇研究論文中指出，對(duì)于生活在富裕高壓社區(qū)的青少年來(lái)說(shuō)，最大的問(wèn)題不是缺乏動(dòng)力和毅力。A.choice選擇；B.command命令；C.display顯示；D.lack缺乏。根據(jù)空后的“ofmotivationandperseverancethatisthebigproblem”可知，對(duì)于富裕設(shè)區(qū)的青少年來(lái)說(shuō)最大的問(wèn)題不是缺乏動(dòng)力和毅力，故 D項(xiàng)正確。【30題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，是一種不健康的完美主義，當(dāng)對(duì)成就的強(qiáng)烈追求超過(guò)了極限時(shí)，他們很難在應(yīng)該放棄的時(shí)候放手。A.instead相反；B.Otherwise否則；C.Therefore因此；D.However然而?？涨罢f(shuō)對(duì)于富裕設(shè)區(qū)的青少年來(lái)說(shuō)最大的問(wèn)題不是缺乏動(dòng)力和毅力，此處指出真正的問(wèn)題所在，用instead引出，故A項(xiàng)正確。31題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這會(huì)導(dǎo)致身體和精神上的壓力。A.resultfrom起因于；考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這會(huì)導(dǎo)致身體和精神上的壓力。A.resultfrom起因于；B.applyfor申請(qǐng)；C.associatewith與 聯(lián)系在一起； D.leadto導(dǎo)致、引起。上文說(shuō)最大的問(wèn)題是不健康的完美主義，此處說(shuō)的是它的危害，即：會(huì)導(dǎo)致身體和精神上的雙重壓力，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在2007年的一項(xiàng)研究中，心理學(xué)家格雷戈里?米勒發(fā)現(xiàn)，拒絕放棄不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)的少女體內(nèi) CRPK平升高，CRP^一種蛋白質(zhì)，可以作為與糖尿病、心臟病和其他疾病相關(guān)的全身炎癥的標(biāo)志。A.immoral不道德的；B.impersonal客觀的；C.impossible不可能的；D.impolite不禮貌的。上文說(shuō)當(dāng)對(duì)成就的強(qiáng)烈追求超過(guò)了極限時(shí)，不健康的完美主義讓人們很難在應(yīng)該放棄的時(shí)候放手，這說(shuō)明它讓人拒絕放棄不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)，故 C項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們?cè)馐芷缫暫筒黄降鹊慕?jīng)歷教會(huì)他們接受那些目前在很大程度上超出他們控制范圍的改變。A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.accept接受；C.assess評(píng)定；D.inquire詢問(wèn)。根據(jù)空前的“experienceofdiscrimination（歧視）andinequalityteachesthem”可知，他們?cè)馐芷缫暫筒黄降鹊慕?jīng)歷教會(huì)他們接受那些在很大程度上超出他們控制范圍的改變，故 B項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這種文化教會(huì)了他們?cè)趧e人面前的表現(xiàn)如何實(shí)際上比真正激勵(lì)他們的東西更重要，他們?cè)谀睦锷洗髮W(xué)比他們是什么樣的人更重要。A.plainly坦率地；B.probably可能地；C.immediately立即；D.actually實(shí)際上。根據(jù)空前的“weshouldallquestionaculturethathastaughtthemthathowtheyperformforothersismoreimportantthanwhat”可知，我們都應(yīng)該質(zhì)疑這樣一種文化——成功總是在他們掌控之中，這種文化教會(huì)了他們?cè)趧e人面前的表現(xiàn)如何實(shí)際上比真正激勵(lì)他們的東西更重要，故D項(xiàng)正確。【35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們應(yīng)該明智地提醒我們的孩子，生活總是在我們最不經(jīng)意的時(shí)候讓我們失望。A.exhibit展覽；B.expect期望、預(yù)料；C.establish建立；D.recognize認(rèn)出。根據(jù)空前的“l(fā)ifehasawayofdisappointinguswhenweleast”可知，我們應(yīng)該提醒孩子生活總是在我們最不經(jīng)意的時(shí)候讓我們失望，故 B項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】在完形填空的解題過(guò)程中，空前上下文出現(xiàn)的表示轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、讓步關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)往往是重要線索，例如本篇第8空，根據(jù)空前的“whilepraisinghardworkoverabilitymaybenefiteconomicallydisadvantagedstudents”可知，贊揚(yáng)努力學(xué)習(xí)勝過(guò)能力可能會(huì)使經(jīng)濟(jì)條件差的學(xué)生受益，特別是根據(jù)while表示讓步關(guān)系可知，因此說(shuō)的是雖然贊揚(yáng)努力學(xué)習(xí)勝過(guò)能力可能會(huì)使經(jīng)濟(jì)條件差的學(xué)生受益，但不一定對(duì)每個(gè)人都有幫助，故 C項(xiàng)(necessarily)正確。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)DavidMiles,anAustralianinventorhasbeenaccusedofcheatingdesperatefarmersbychargingupto$50,000Australiandollarsfordeliveringrainondemandwithoutsomuchasexplainingthetechnologybehindhisbusiness.OntheofficialMilesResearchwebsite，Milesexplainsthatinthe1990 ’sherealizedthatitwaspossibletoinfluenceweatherpatternsbycreatingabridgebetween ‘thepresent’anda‘near-futureevent’inthephysicalspace-timecontinuum.Hefoundthatbyapplyingsmallamountsofenergyintelligently,evenalarge,messyweathersystemapproachingfromthefuturecouldbeeased.Whilesomewhatfascinating,Miles’explanationdoeslittletoexplainhowheisabletobringrainfalltothelandsoffarmers.Hemakesreferencestofamousbutdebatableconceptslike“thebutterflyeffect”.“Wewereadvisedagainstpatentingbecauseifbasicallyexposinghowitworks,therewillbealotofbigcompaniesthatinvestinhuntingoutpatents,”Milessaid“Iunderstandthedoubts，theonlyotherwayistofullyproveupourscienceandphysics.Ifwedidthat,we'llloseit,itwillbetakenupasanationalsecurityinterestandit ’llthenbeweaponized.”Miles'claimsraisedsuspicionsforobviousreasons,includingasince-deletedsectionofhiscompanywebsite,whichclaimedthathistechnologyused “electromagneticscalarwaves”，whichscientistssaydon’tevenexist.TheAustralianCompetitionandConsumerCommission(ACCC)haswarnedpeopleagainstdoingbusinesswithhim,buttheAustralianinventorclaimstheACCCisonlytryingtodefamehimandhiscompany,asinrealitytheyaresuccessbased- ifitdoesn’train,theydon ’tgetpaid.“ConsumerssignedtheagreementthatifbytheendofJunetheyreceive100mm,theypay$50,000,wedon’twanttoiftheyonlyreceive50mm,theywouldonlypay$25,000.Anythingunderhalfbepaid,wedon’twanttoBelieveitornot,oneofthefarmerswhopaidDavidMilesforhisso-calledrain-makingcapabilitiestoldABCRadiothathewasquitehappywiththeresults.DavidMilesclaimstobecapableof .influencingtheweathersystempredictingthefutureeventsreducingtheatmospherictemperatureeasingthegravitationalenergyACCCissuedwarningagainstdoingbusinesswithMilesbecause .hechargedtoomuchfortheservicesprovidedtherewasnosolidsciencetohackuphistechnologyhispracticewasathreattonationalsecurityinteresthedidn’tofficiallypatenthistechnologywithA CCCAccordingtoMiles，howmuchwillbepaidifthefarmersreceive15mmofrain?A.$50,000. B.$25,000.C.$12,500. D.$0.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Milesneededsaferfacilitiesforhisbusiness.Milesbroughtaboutgoodcropsasexpected.Mileswasn’tdiscouragedbythecritics.Mileswasarrestedbythelocalpolice.【答案】36.A37.B38.D39.C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了澳大利亞發(fā)明家戴維邁爾斯被指控欺騙農(nóng)民，因?yàn)樗跊](méi)有解釋其業(yè)務(wù)背后的技術(shù)的情況下按需提供雨水以收取錢(qián)財(cái)?！?6題詳解】sherealizedthatitwaspossible細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Milesexplainsthatinthe1990sherealizedthatitwaspossibletoinfluenceweatherpatternsbycreatingabridgebetween ‘thepresent’anda‘near-futureevent’inthephysicalspace-timecontinuum.”可知邁爾斯解釋說(shuō)，在20世紀(jì)90年代，他意識(shí)到在物理時(shí)空連續(xù)體中，通過(guò)在“當(dāng)前”和“近期事件”之間建立一座橋梁，有可能影響天氣模式，由此可知，大衛(wèi)?邁爾斯聲稱能夠影響天氣系統(tǒng)，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“includingasince-deletedsectionofhiscompanywebsite,whichclaimedthathistechnologyused “electromagneticscalarwaves”，whichscientistssaydon’tevenexist.”可知，邁爾斯在其公司網(wǎng)站上聲稱他的技術(shù)使用了“電磁標(biāo)量波”，但科學(xué)家稱這些技術(shù)甚至不存在，由此可知， ACCCt告人們不要與邁爾斯做交易是因?yàn)闆](méi)有可靠的科學(xué)來(lái)解釋他的技術(shù)，故 B項(xiàng)正確?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“iftheyonlyreceive50mm,theywouldonlypay$25,000.Anythingunderhalf，wedon’twanttobepaid,”可知，如果農(nóng)民們只得到50毫米的降雨量，他們只會(huì)支付 25000美元，如果任何低于一半(25毫米)的，他們將不會(huì)收費(fèi)，由此可知，按照邁爾斯的說(shuō)法，如果農(nóng)民們得到15毫米的雨水，他不會(huì)收取一分錢(qián)，故 D項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Wewereadvisedagainstpatentingbecauseifbasicallyexposinghowitworks,therewillbealotofbigcompaniesthatinvestinhuntingoutpatents, ”Milessaid“Iunderstandthedoubts，theonlyotherwayistofullyproveupourscienceandphysics.Ifwedidthat,we'llloseit,itwillbetakenupasanationalsecurityinterestandit ’llthenbeweaponized.””可知，邁爾斯說(shuō)，“我們被建議不要申請(qǐng)專利，因?yàn)槿绻旧媳┞读怂墓ぷ髟?，將有很多大公司投資于申請(qǐng)專利，我理解這些疑慮，唯一的另一個(gè)辦法就是充分證明我們的科學(xué)和物理學(xué)，如果我們這樣做(不申請(qǐng)專利)，我們就會(huì)失去它，它將被視為威脅國(guó)家安全利益，然后將被武器化”，由此可知，邁爾斯并沒(méi)有被評(píng)論家們嚇倒，故 C項(xiàng)正確。(B)Callnowtospeaktoafriendlyrepresentative(888)551-3466StannahForCurved&StraightStairs|7-DayMoneyBackGuarantee|RentalsAvailableAtStannah,wearecommittedtoprovidingourcustomerswiththesafest,morereliablestair-liftsandthemostgenerousassuranceamongstairliftprovider,forvaluethatcantbebeaten.Letuscreateacustomstair-liftsolutionforyourneeds.Calltofindalocalshowroom!Ourcustomersloveus!Trust-score9.5outof10☆☆☆☆☆398reviewson☆TrustpilotCouponMentionBostonGlobed

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wifii曲nf巾Mwrolkr口內(nèi)￥on型di-jcouril(jvfnurcha&rStannahstair-liftsarcavailableforindoorandoutdoorstraightorindoorcurvedstairs.TheStannahslime-linerailsitsclosetoyourwallandattachesto>ourstairsforseamlessinstallation.Ourpoweredfootrestmakesfoldingeasyandaslimprofileallowssafestairaccess(evenonnarrowstairs)whennotinuse.Well-equippedasstandard,witharangeofoptionsifneeded,Stannahstair-liftsareanexceptionalchoiceforthosedesiringloagegracefullyathome.?Safeandeasy-to-use?Availableforeitherstraightorcurvedstairways?OfferedforindoororoutdoorinstallationInstalledwithouthomealterations?Chairfoldsupeasilywhennotinuseforsafestairaccess?Poweredbyaconstanttricklechargebatteryforoperationeveninapowerfailure?Freebrochure.Usedbymanytoregaintheirindependenceandcontinuelivingsafelyintheirhomes.StannahStair-liftsareusuallythemostcost-effectivewhencomparedtomoving,remodelingorinstallinganelevator.FrequentlyAskedQuestions?Canmystairliftbeinstalledwithoutdamagingmywalls?Yes!Stannahstair-liftsaredesignedtomovealongarailthatattachestothestepofyourstairwayandnotyourwall.?Willothersbeabletogetbysafelywhenmystairliftisnotinuse?Absolutely!Yourstairliftcomesstandardwithapoweredfootrestandaneasilyfoldedseatforaslimlineprofileandunobstructedaccessforothers.?Can/gethelppayingformystairlift?BecauseMedicareandinsurancedoesn’tpayforstair-lifts,weofferarangeofmodelsatdifferentprices,andpaymentoptionsincluderental.Calltodaytoscheduleyourin-homestairsassessmentCalltoscheduleyourfree-in-homeassessmentwithanexpertadvisor.SelecttheStannahstairliftthatbestmeetsyourneeds.Installyournewstairlift inhours.Ourprofessionaltechnicianswillworkdiligentlytoprovideyouwithasafeliftyoucanrelyon?Weofferrapidresponseschedulingandinstallationatnoadditionalcharge!TohaveaStannahstairliftinstalled,oneneedsto .A.remodelone’slivingroom B.scheduleanin-homeassessmentC.ensureconstantpowersupply D.orderaspecialstairwayJennymayusetheCoupon（優(yōu)惠券）tosavesomemoneyonlyifshe .rentsthemodeladvertisedonBostonGlobepaysfortheStannahmodelwhichisonsalepurchasesonebrandnewStannahstairliftpublishespost-salereviewsonTrust-pilotWhichstatementisTRUEaboutStannahstair-liftmentionedintheadvertisement?Itpromisestoregularlycheckontheoldpeoplewholiveindependently.Itcanbeinstalledeasilybyfollowinginstructionsinthebrochure.Itprovidesfastandfreerepairservicesbyprofessionaltechnicians.Itoffersanalternativetooldpeoplewhodon'twanttoberelocated.【答案】40.B41.C42.D【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，是斯坦納家用座椅電梯的廣告?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第五行“Calltodaytoscheduleyourin-homestairsassessment”可知，今天打電話來(lái)安排你的家庭樓梯評(píng)估，由此可知，要安裝斯坦納座椅電梯，需要安排一次住房評(píng)估，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圓形圖表中的“whenpurchasedfromStannah”及“Onlyonediscountperpurchase”可知，珍妮只有在購(gòu)買一個(gè)全新的斯坦納座椅電梯時(shí)才可以使用優(yōu)惠券享受一折的優(yōu)惠省下一些錢(qián)，故 C項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圓形圖表下的段落最后一句話“Stannahstair-liftsareanexceptionalchoiceforthosedesiringloagegracefullyathome.”可知，對(duì)于那些想要在家里優(yōu)雅地老去的人來(lái)說(shuō)，斯坦納座椅電梯是一個(gè)特別的選擇，也就是說(shuō)，它為那些不愿搬遷的老人提供了一種選擇，故 D項(xiàng)正確。(C)Howandwhy,roughly2millionyearsago,earlyhumanancestorsevolvedlargebrainsandbeganfashioningrelativelyadvancedstonetools,isoneofthegreatmysteriesofevolution.Someresearchersarguethesechangeswerebroughtaboutbytheinventionofcooking.Theypointoutthatourbiteweakenedaroundthesametimeasourlargerbrainsevolved,andthatittakeslessenergytoabsorbnutrientsfromcookedfood.Asaresult,oncetheyhadmasteredtheart,earlychefscouldinvestlessintheirdigestivesystemsandthusinvesttheresultingenergysavingsinbuildinglargerbrainscapableofcomplexthought.Thereis,however,aproblemwiththecookingtheory.Mostarchaeologists（ 考古學(xué)家） believetheevidenceofcontrolledfirestretchesbacknomorethan790,000years.RogerSummonsoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyhasasolution.Togetherwithhisteam,heanalyzed1.7million-year-oldsand-stonesthatformedinanancientriveratOlduvaiGorgeinTanzania.Theregionisfamousforthelargenumberofhumanfossils（ 化石）thathavebeendiscoveredthere,alongsideanimpressiveassemblyofstonetools.Thesand-stonesthemselveshavepreviously yieldedsomeoftheworld'searliestcomplexhandaxes—largetear-drop-shapedstonetoolsthatareassociatedwithHomoerectus（直立人）.Creatinganaxebyrepeatedlyknockingthinpiecesoffarawstoneinordertocreatetwosharpcuttingedgesrequiresasignificantamountofplanning.Theirappearanceisthereforethoughttomarkanimportantmomentinintellectualevolution.TrappedinsidetheOlduvaisand-stones,theresearchersfounddistinctivebutunusualbiologicalmolecules（分子）thatareofteninterpretedasbiomarkersforheat-tolerantbacteria.Someoftheseliveinwaterbetween85°Cand95°C.Themolecules'presencesuggeststhatanancientriverwithintheGorgewasoncefedbyoneormorehotsprings.Dr.Summonsandhiscolleaguessaythehotspringswouldhaveprovidedaconvenient“pre-fire"meansofcookingfood.InNewZealand,theMaorihavetraditionallycookedfoodinhotsprings,eitherbyloweringitintotheboilingwaterorbydiggingaholeinthehotearth.SimilarmethodsexistinJapanandIceland,soitisplausible,ifdifficulttoprove,thatearlyhumansmighthaveusedhotspringstocookmeatandroots.RichardWrangham,whodevisedthecookingtheory,isfascinatedbytheidea.Nonetheless,firewouldhaveofferedadistinctadvantagetohumans,oncetheyhadmasteredtheartofcontrollingitsince,unlikeahotspring,itisatransportableresource.AllofthefollowingstatementscansupportthecookingtheoryEXCEPT.A.cookingenabledearlyhumanstoinvestlessindigestivesystemcookingenabledearlyhumanstodevotemoreenergytobuildingbigbrainsourbrainbecamelargeraroundthesametimeourdigestivesystemweakenedD.thecontrolledfirewasntmastereduntilabout790,000yearsagoD.thecontrolledfirewasnThepresenceofbiologicalmoleculeswasim