Mr.Zhao?

2021AllRightsReserved.2021年秋期九年級(jí)英語復(fù)習(xí)

（仁愛版）PartUnit2SavingtheEarthTopic3Whatcanwedoathometoprotecttheenvironment?SixKeypointsAjournalistisinterviewingJaneaboutenvironmentalprotection.Mymainjobistohelpspreadthemessageaboutprotectingtheenvironment.Weshouldusebothsidesofpaperandreuseplasticbags.Weencouragestudentstocollectwastepaperandsoftdrinkcans.-Thankyou!-It’sapleasure.environmentalprotectionAjournalistisinterviewingJaneaboutenvironmentalprotection.environmentaladj.環(huán)境的；有關(guān)環(huán)境的protectionn.保護(hù)是動(dòng)詞protect對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞形式cover的意思是“隱蔽物”“躲避處”,是把事物隱藏起來以確保安全的保護(hù)物,它既可指野生動(dòng)物找到的樹叢等天然的躲避處,也可指阻擋襲擊的物體、房屋等;protection的意思是“保護(hù)物”“保護(hù)”,在這組詞中,它的詞義最籠統(tǒng),用途最廣,可指任何阻擋傷害或破壞的事物;shelter都用以指無家可歸的人能夠得到照顧和施舍的地方。Takecoverinthebarnassoonasyouheargunfire.Thesystemoffersprotectionfromsuddenattackbytheenemy.Thetreesformedashelteroverourheads.spreadMymainjobistohelpspreadthemessageaboutprotectingtheenvironment.spread的基本意思是“伸開”,指把卷或疊著的東西展開或向四面八方擴(kuò)大范圍,強(qiáng)調(diào)有目的地均勻撒開。所涉及的空間范圍可大可小;可以計(jì)算,也可能無法計(jì)算。也可指在某物表面上敷上薄薄一層?xùn)|西,引申可指某物“變得更流行”。spread是A-A-A型不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，即過去式和過去分詞仍為spreadShespreadherwingsandflewlightlydown.(過去式）Thebreadisspreadwithbutter.（過去分詞）bothWeshouldusebothsidesofpaperandreuseplasticbags.both直接修飾名詞時(shí)，不加of。如：Both?children?won?prizes.?兩個(gè)孩子都得了獎(jiǎng)?！咀⒁狻坎荒苷fboth?of?children，但可以說?both?of?the?children.，在人稱代詞前一定要用both?ofBoth?of?us?like?skating.?=?We?both?like?skating.encourageWeencouragestudentstocollectwastepaperandsoftdrinkcans.encourage作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“鼓勵(lì)”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事。其被動(dòng)形式為：beencouragetodosth.被鼓勵(lì)做某事。如：Themanencouragedhissontostudyhard.?Theyoungshouldbeencouragedtoredmorebooks.encouragement作名詞，意為“鼓勵(lì)；鼓舞”。如：?Theteacher'swordswereagreatencouragementtohim.It’sapleasure-Thankyou!-It’sapleasure.回答thankyou的方法：Notatall.別客氣；不用謝；哪兒的話。Youarewelcome.不用謝。It’s[Itwas]apleasure.不用客氣；不用謝。Apleasure.不用客氣；不用謝。Itis(was)mypleasure.別客氣，這是我高興做的。Mypleasure.不客氣，這是我高興做的事。That’sallright.沒什么；不用謝。That’sOK.沒什么；不用謝。KeypointsFirst,yououghttoshutofftheelectricitywhenyouleavearoom.Second,you’dbetterwalkorrideabikeinsteadoftakingabusorataxiifyoutravelashortdistance.It’ssoeasytobeagreenerperson.Easiersaidthandone.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.Growfruitandvegetablesyourself.oughttoFirst,yououghttoshutofftheelectricitywhenyouleavearoom.

ought和should均用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“應(yīng)該”，常可替換，只是oughtto語氣稍重。如：Thetrainoughtto[should]havearrivedatsix.

注：問句中用oughtto時(shí)，除可用ought(to)來回答外，也可以用should。A：Oughtyoutotakehimtoadoctoratonce?B：Yes,Ishould.出于法令規(guī)則、行為準(zhǔn)則、道德責(zé)任等客觀情況而“應(yīng)該”做某事時(shí)，一般應(yīng)用oughtto(若用should則含有個(gè)人意見，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法)。如：WeoughttogoandseeMarytomorrow,butIdon’tthinkwewill.shutoffFirst,yououghttoshutofftheelectricitywhenyouleavearoom.shutoff：切斷；關(guān)掉Theypulledoverandshutofftheengine.turnoff：關(guān)掉，關(guān)閉；拐彎，使轉(zhuǎn)變方向；使失去興趣Thelight'sabittooharsh.Youcanturnitoff.Whatturnsteenagersoffscience?shut的核心意義是“關(guān)”；turn的核心意義是“轉(zhuǎn)”insteadofSecond,you’dbetterwalkorrideabikeinsteadoftakingabusorataxiifyoutravelashortdistance.insteadof是短語介詞，意思是“代替”、“而不是”。通常置于句中，它后面一般接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或介詞短語作它的賓語。例如：Hedranksomejuiceinsteadofbeer.insteadof可以獨(dú)立構(gòu)成短語作狀語、同位語以及其他平行結(jié)構(gòu)，語義明確。例如：Insteadofabating,thewindisblowingevenharder.greenIt’ssoeasytobeagreenerperson.green用作形容詞時(shí)的意思是“綠色的,青色的”,指事物呈現(xiàn)出綠色的狀態(tài)。也可用來指某物還“沒有成熟”,或人由于年輕而沒有社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn),即“未成熟的,無經(jīng)驗(yàn)的,易受愚弄的”;有時(shí)也可指某物是“未干的,潮的”。green引申可指“精力旺盛,充滿青春活力”。green在表示“在…方面是新手”時(shí),常與介詞at搭配。Thepaperturnedgreenasifbymagic.Thesetomatoesarestilltoogreentopick.Iwouldratherbecalledgreenthanpretendtobeanolddog.Easiersaidthandone.Easiersaidthandone.說的容易,做起來難Itiseasiersaidthandone.省略了形式上的主語it（泛指某事）,said和done用了過去分詞,主要是修飾形式主語it,因?yàn)槭虑槭潜蝗苏務(wù)摵捅蝗俗龅?Themoreapersonreads,thewiserhewillbecomes.

一個(gè)人書讀得書越多,就會(huì)越聰明.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.事實(shí)勝于雄辯、觀其言還要看其行、行動(dòng)更有說服力SWEAR!Ialwaysknowactionsspeaklouderthanwords.我發(fā)誓！我不會(huì)忘記，行動(dòng)比言語更響亮。growGrowfruitandvegetablesyourself.grow的基本意思有三:一是“種植”,指培植樹木、莊稼等;二是“生長,發(fā)育”,指由于自然地發(fā)展而變大或成熟;三是“漸漸變得”,引申可指“形成”?？偲饋碚f,指由小變大、由少變多,強(qiáng)調(diào)漸變的過程。Farmersgrowrice.農(nóng)夫種稻子。Howtallyou‘vegrown!你都長這么高了!Sheisgrowingintoabeautifulyoungwoman.她漸漸出落成美麗的姑娘。KeypointsCoverpanswhenyouarecooking.Afterall,wehaveonlyoneearth.Tosolvetheenergyproblem,peopleallovertheworldarelookingfornewwaystoproducepower.Thisrenewableenergyisusedinpeople’severydaylives.Itskeydisadvantageisthattheprocessrequiresalongtime(upto30days)andthecostishigh.coverCoverpanswhenyouarecooking.cover的基本意思是“覆蓋,遮蓋”,既可表示無意地將某物放在某一物的上面,也可表示有意地隱藏、遮掩。有時(shí)還可表示包含、包括、概括。cover是及物動(dòng)詞,接名詞或代詞作賓語,可用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。Snowcoveredtheground.cover作名詞時(shí),其基本意思是“蓋子”“套子”“覆蓋物”,指某具體事物的掩蔽物或外套,引申還可指書等的“封皮”“封面”，是可數(shù)名詞。cover也可作“隱藏物”“躲避處”解,只用作單數(shù)。Whenthewaterboils,takethecoverfromthepan.afterallAfterall,wehaveonlyoneearth.afterall指期待某件事情發(fā)生，結(jié)果發(fā)生的卻是相反的事情。意為"盡管與我們所期待的不同，但還是……"(譯為：終究，畢竟)，一般放在句末，例如：I'msosorry,IthoughtIcouldcomeandseeyouthisevening,butI'mnotfreeafterall.afterall也可指“別忘記了……”，它常常表示為了說明某個(gè)好理由或者某個(gè)重要的辯論而提醒某人看起來忘記的事情，一般放在句首，例如：It'snotsurprisingyou'rehungry.Afterall,youdidn'thavebreakfast.lookforTosolvetheenergyproblem,peopleallovertheworldarelookingfornewwaystoproducepower.lookfor意為“尋找”，強(qiáng)調(diào)找的動(dòng)作和過程Look,Lucylostherkeyagain,soherfamilyislookingforiteverywhere(找的動(dòng)作).find意為“找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果Finally,shefoundagoodjobafteroneyear.(找的結(jié)果)findout意為“查出；獲知；弄清楚”，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過研究、調(diào)查而得Canyoufindoutwhentheearlyplanewillfly?lifeThisrenewableenergyisusedinpeople’severydaylives.不可數(shù)(泛指)生命;生物Howdidlifebegin?(泛指)生活;人生;世事;one'swayoflife活力;生氣;活動(dòng):Therewasnosignoflifeintheemptyhouse.可數(shù)pl.lives性命;人命:giveone'slifeforone'scountry為國捐軀一生;終生;(描述一生的)傳記;spendone'slifeinidleness一生無所事事(虛度年華)costItskeydisadvantageisthattheprocessrequiresalongtime(upto30days)andthecostishigh.cost作名詞時(shí),意思是“成本,費(fèi)用,價(jià)錢,代價(jià)”。引申可指“損失,犧牲”,包括時(shí)間或精力方面的消耗。cost作“成本”“費(fèi)用”解時(shí),可用單數(shù)形式,也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式;作“代價(jià)”解時(shí),一般用單數(shù)形式。Thescientificbookswillbesentwithoutcost.cost作動(dòng)詞的基本意思是“對(duì)得到的事物、行為或事情的結(jié)果付出代價(jià)”,可依據(jù)上下文靈活譯為“值…”“花費(fèi)”或“失去”“蒙受”“招致”等。cost側(cè)重的是“以…為代價(jià)”,而不僅僅是數(shù)量的陳述。Doesitcostmuchtolivehere?KeypointsIt’stoosmalltoholdmanypeople,butlargermodelswillbedevelopedinthenearfuture.Ittakespeoplejust7minutestogototheairport30kmaway.Thetraincanreachatopspeedof431kmperhour.Thereisnowheelnoise,becausetherearenowheels.Theywillneverrunoutsotheyarecalledrenewablesources.Theuseofitisincreasingrapidlyeachyear.too…toIt’stoosmalltoholdmanypeople,butlargermodelswillbedevelopedinthenearfuture.too…to…句式的結(jié)構(gòu)形式為“too+形容詞或副詞+to+動(dòng)詞原形”，通常翻譯成“太……而不能……”。如：She’stoomeantomakeadonation.她很小氣，不肯捐款。根據(jù)語境的需要，不定式前可以帶有一個(gè)由介詞for引出的邏輯主語。如：Theroadwastoonarrowforcarstopass.路很窄，汽車過不去。takeIttakespeoplejust7minutestogototheairport30kmaway.Ittakes(sb)+time+todosth.（做）某事花了某人多少時(shí)間主語對(duì)象例句spend人金錢、時(shí)間Shespenttendollarson

food.Wespentagoodwhilelookingforthehouse.cost事、物金錢、時(shí)間、精力等Itcostsusalotofmoneytobuildahouse.Carelessdrivingcosthimhislife.pay人金錢Ipaidhim$200forthispainting.take事、it人和時(shí)間Ittookmeoneyeartoreadthisbook.speedThetraincanreachatopspeedof431kmperhour.speed作名詞的基本意思是“速度,速率”,指運(yùn)動(dòng)事物在單位時(shí)間內(nèi)所通過的距離。作此解時(shí),speed本身無所謂快慢,若表示“快”或“慢”,須加形容詞修飾?？捎米骺蓴?shù)名詞,也可用作不可數(shù)名詞,用作可數(shù)名詞時(shí),其前常加不定冠詞a。Allthismustbedoneatverygreatspeed.speed用作動(dòng)詞是“提速”“加速”的意思,含有“有成效”而不帶有興奮與慌亂的意味,也可指駕車者以違法的速度行駛。Thetrainsoonspeededup.noThereisnowheelnoise,becausetherearenowheels.no用作形容詞表示“沒有的”時(shí),與可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),與可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);也可表示某事被禁止,即“不許的,不可的”。還可表示與所說的事截然不同。

Nosmoking!no的意思相當(dāng)于nota/an或notany,因此其后不能再加a,an,any;其前不能加the,my,this或that等限定詞。Thereisno(notany)wateronthemoon.runoutTheywillneverrunoutsotheyarecalledrenewablesources.runout作不及物短語，表示“被用完；被耗盡；（人）把東西用完（或花光）”，其主語通常是時(shí)間、金錢、食物等無生命名詞。Ourtimeisrunningout.runoutof意為“用完；耗盡；從...跑出”，主語通常是人Wehaverunoutofnotepaper.eachTheuseofitisincreasingrapidlyeachyear.each指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的群體，every三個(gè)或更多的群體，Mr.Bradyiskindtoeach/everystudentinhisclass.each強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)群體中的個(gè)體成員；every強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)群體的所有成員：

Every/Eachdoctorshouldhelphis/herpatientstorecoverassoonaspossible.each前面不能有其它副詞修飾；every前可以用表示“幾乎”的almost,practically和nearly：TheygotoEuropealmosteveryyear.KeypointsForestswerecutdowntoprovidewoodtobuildhouses.Thereareoftenmanyinsectsthatbitetheseplantersontheirlegs,armsandfaceswhiletheywork.Treeplantersplantdifferenttypesoftreessothatbirdsandanimalscanliveintheforests.TvideFvidesthforsb為某人準(zhǔn)備某物Tvidesbwithsth意思和第一個(gè)相同,賓語換了一下Tvideagainst準(zhǔn)備以防（不測）發(fā)生Hvidefor為…提供,準(zhǔn)備以防…Withoutwork,howcanIprovideformychildren?biteThereareoftenmanyinsectsthatbitetheseplantersontheirlegs,armsandfaceswhiletheywork.bite的基本意思是“用牙齒或牙齒類物攻擊”,一般譯為“咬”,指用牙(尤指門牙)短暫性地、猛烈地咬入某物,將其咬住、咬透或咬掉,也可指“咬傷”。引申指“某種非凡的力量牢牢抓住、刺透、刺入某物”。用于比喻可指“上鉤,上當(dāng)”。(不規(guī)則變化bite–bit–bit/bitten)Theirdogbitaholeinmytrousers.bite用作名詞時(shí)意思是“咬”,不表示一個(gè)狀態(tài),而表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作,還可指“咬傷”,即被咬過后留下的傷口,還可以指“食物”。I'mstuffed,andIcan'teatanotherbite.differenttypesofTreeplantersplantdifferenttypesoftreessothatbirdsandanimalscanliveintheforests.kind,sort,type和class均有“種、類、類型”之意。kind指性質(zhì)相同，而且特征很相似，足以歸為一類的人或東西。sort普通用詞，文體較kind隨便，指對(duì)人或?qū)κ挛镞M(jìn)行的大概分類，有時(shí)含貶義。type指客觀界限比較清楚，有相同本質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的同類事物，或指大致相似的同類事物。class正式用詞，指門類、種類或優(yōu)劣等級(jí)；用于指動(dòng)植物的分類時(shí)，表示“綱”。in50yearsTheybelievethatin50yearstheirlittletreeswillbecomebeautifulforests.in+時(shí)間段，既可以表示事件在這段時(shí)間結(jié)束的時(shí)候發(fā)生（即某某時(shí)間之后），也可以表示事件發(fā)生在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)。謂語可以是將來時(shí)，也可以是一般過去時(shí)。Hewillbebackinthreedays.Hewrotethereportinthreedays.KeypointsWhenyouhaveashortjourney,howdoyouusuallygothere?Ifyouwanttogoonthetrip,youmustgetyourparents’agreement.Nothingisdifficultifyousetyourmindonit.DoctorSmithtookoveramedicalclinicinToronto.Shehasputonalotofweight.journeyWhenyouhaveashortjourney,howdoyouusuallygothere?journey,tour,travel,trip的共同意思是“旅行”“游歷”“觀光”“游程”。其區(qū)別是：journey多指有目的地的陸上長途旅行,有時(shí)也指水上或空中旅行,其距離遠(yuǎn)近、時(shí)間長短、旅行的目的和方式均不限,并不表示是否要返回出發(fā)地,是正式用語。Heisgoingtomakealongjourney.trip是非正式用語,可以代替journey,但trip常指時(shí)間較短、距離較近的旅行,旅行方式不變,并且意味著旅行結(jié)束后還要回到原來的地方。journeyWhenyouhaveashortjourney,howdoyouusuallygothere?journey,tour,travel,trip的共同意思是“旅行”“游歷”“觀光”“游程”。其區(qū)別是：tour指根據(jù)一定的路線,事先預(yù)定了一些逗留地點(diǎn),旅行結(jié)束后仍回原地的旅游,其主要目的多為觀光、視察或進(jìn)行其他活動(dòng),路程一般都比較長。travel意思廣泛,可以表示不論時(shí)間長短,不論路途遠(yuǎn)近,不論為了什么目的或使用什么交通工具的旅行或游歷,它可與本組其余的詞通用。agreementIfyouwanttogoonthetrip,youmustgetyourparents’agreement.同意，一致[U]Weareinagreementwiththeirdecision.協(xié)