基礎(chǔ)寫作歸納1.一個(gè)黃金法則與[寫作內(nèi)容]中規(guī)定的內(nèi)容有關(guān)的，能寫一點(diǎn)就寫一點(diǎn)，哪個(gè)是不成句子的零星的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞，也一定要寫，千萬不留空格！這是基礎(chǔ)較差考生必須記住的黃金法則。因?yàn)閺慕陱V東高考英語閱卷情況看，只要能寫出與寫作內(nèi)容相關(guān)的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞就會(huì)給分！若能用正確的簡(jiǎn)單句表達(dá)全部?jī)?nèi)容的，可以得該題滿分的60%，即9分，這已大大超過全省的平均分了??！但是若是抄試卷中閱讀理解等地方的段落或句子，或者亂寫一些與寫作內(nèi)容無關(guān)的話，再寫多些也是零分！2.五個(gè)解題步驟(1)仔細(xì)審題①文章主題：做什么事？②寫作原因：為何要寫這篇文章？寫給誰看？③內(nèi)容信息：文章的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)？(按照寫作內(nèi)容的順序排列信息要點(diǎn)，盡量不要打亂順序)④邏輯順序：盡量找出信息點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列、條件等。⑤主體時(shí)態(tài)：主要用哪種時(shí)態(tài)？⑥主體人稱：用第幾人稱來寫？(2)列舉提綱①根據(jù)圖畫或圖表，圖畫外的所有中文說明，特別是[內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)]，列出要點(diǎn)，然后根據(jù)這些內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，列出可能用到的關(guān)鍵詞匯及句型；②將關(guān)健詞補(bǔ)充成結(jié)構(gòu)完整準(zhǔn)確的句子，表述所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。(3)連句成篇按照上述構(gòu)思后安排的寫作順序，使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接性詞語，連句成篇。為了確保只能用五個(gè)句子，此步可能需要用到合并句子等技巧。(4)認(rèn)真謄寫連句成篇后，還要通讀檢查一遍，在準(zhǔn)確無誤后，用規(guī)范的書法認(rèn)真謄寫，整潔書寫非常重要。(5)再度核查①查內(nèi)容信息是否完整。②查句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整。如英文句子一定要有主語和謂語，且在人稱和數(shù)方面要注意主謂一致；兩個(gè)句子之間一定要有連詞。③查是否有單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤、時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤等。④看整個(gè)語篇是否連貫。3.三個(gè)重要基礎(chǔ)根據(jù)廣東高考基礎(chǔ)寫作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中“句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確”的要求，我們必須具備有關(guān)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的三點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)：(1)掌握簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型和therebe結(jié)構(gòu)。所謂簡(jiǎn)單句就是由一個(gè)主語(包括并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(包括并列謂語)組成的句子，即一個(gè)主謂關(guān)系的句子。①主＋謂：Thesportfirstappearedin1896.這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)最早出現(xiàn)于1896年。②主＋謂＋賓：Wedidasurveyamong600students.我們?cè)?00個(gè)學(xué)生中作了一次調(diào)查。③主＋謂＋雙賓：Myparentsboughtmeapairofshoes.我父母給我買了一雙鞋。④主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)：Wepaintedthewallwhite.我們把墻漆成了白色。⑤主＋系＋表：Ourspellingbecomesworse.我們的拼寫變得更差了。⑥Therebe+主語(+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間)TherewillbeafootballmatchbetweenChinaandSouthKoreainShanghaiStadiumthisevening.今晚在上海體育館有一場(chǎng)中國(guó)隊(duì)和韓國(guó)隊(duì)之間的足球賽。特別提醒：根據(jù)歷年高考閱卷的情況，考生寫句子最易犯的錯(cuò)是：不用be時(shí)卻用了，或者該用be時(shí)卻沒用。因此，我們須注意：①英語句子通常要有謂語動(dòng)詞，否則就不完整。如表達(dá)“他很累”，不能說Heverytired.而要說Heisverytired.因?yàn)閠ired是形容詞，句中無動(dòng)詞，要加上be。切記：當(dāng)句子意思好像完整，但句中沒有動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一定要加上be。②當(dāng)句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，若不是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語態(tài)，一定不要再用be。如表達(dá)“他昨天來過這里”，不能說Hewascamehereyesterday.而要說Hecamehereyesterday.(2)掌握并列句的結(jié)構(gòu)。所謂并列句就是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子。即：簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞(and,but,yet,or,etc.)+簡(jiǎn)單句。如：Workhard,oryouwillfail.努力工作，否則你就要失敗。Imadenoanswerandshewentaway.我沒有回答，接著她就走了。Sheinvitedme,butIturnedherdown.她請(qǐng)了我，但我拒絕了她。(3)掌握主從復(fù)合句的結(jié)構(gòu)。復(fù)合句指的是含有兩個(gè)或更多的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，其中有一個(gè)(或更多)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)整個(gè)句子的某一(些)成分。充當(dāng)定語的句子(有主謂結(jié)構(gòu))叫定語從句，充當(dāng)狀語的從句叫狀語從句，充當(dāng)主語、賓語或同位語的從句叫名詞性從句。主句與從句之間用從屬連詞(when,before,until,unless,if,although,that,which,who,when,where,etc.)連接起來。大體上可表述為以下兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：①主句+從屬連詞+從句Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasachild.他還是個(gè)孩子時(shí)就喜歡畫畫。②從屬連詞+從句，主句Whenhewasachild,hewasfondofdrawing.他還是個(gè)孩子時(shí)就喜歡畫畫。特別提醒：凡是有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)句子(有主謂關(guān)系的稱句子)，若之間沒有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，就必須要有連詞，否則句子結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整。4.五個(gè)重要巧技因只能使用五個(gè)句子，若信息點(diǎn)較多，我們必須使用以下方法，合并整理句子結(jié)構(gòu)，才能表達(dá)完所有的信息點(diǎn)，也只有這樣才能提升句子的檔次。(1)使用非謂語動(dòng)詞短語。特別是分詞短語作狀語和作定語。(2)使用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。即“with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”。(3)用從屬連詞，合并為主從復(fù)合句。特別要注意使用一兩個(gè)限制性或非限制性定語從句。(4)用并列連詞，合并為并列復(fù)合句。如but,and,while(表對(duì)比),for(表原因)等。另外，表示“正在或正要做某事，突然又發(fā)生另一件事”的句型在寫作中也經(jīng)常用到：①was/weredoingsth.when…did…;②was/wereabouttodosth.when…did…;③was/wereonthepointofdoingsth.when…did…(5)一些特殊句型。如使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、感嘆句、therebe開頭的句子、以it作形式主語或形式賓語的句子等。5.運(yùn)用關(guān)連詞語篇章結(jié)構(gòu)連貫是三大評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一，因此，我們?cè)趯懽鲿r(shí)，除按邏輯組合信息點(diǎn)外，還必須學(xué)會(huì)靈活運(yùn)用連接性詞語。除上述提到的并列連詞和從屬連詞之外，特別推薦使用以下連接性詞語：(1)表起始：firstofall,tobeginwith,inmyopinion,accordingto,asfaras…I’mconcerned,asyouknow等。(2)表遞進(jìn)：besides,what’smore,moreover,furthermore,what’sworse=tomakethingsworse=worsestill,inadditionto,still,even等。(3)表并列：also,aswell(as),or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,and,andthen,both…and等。(4)表因果：therefore,asaresult(of),thanksto,dueto,owingto等。(5)表強(qiáng)調(diào)：aboveall,indeed,surely,certainly,ofcourse,atleast,obviously等。(6)表解釋：thatistosay,inotherwords,believeitornot,totellyouthetruth等。(7)表比較：justas,justlike,inthesameway,moreorless,similarly,instead等。(8)表空間：ontheleft/right,totheleft/rightof,ononesideof…ontheothersideof…,atthefoot/top/endof,inthemiddle/centreof等。(9)表時(shí)間：atfirst,inthebeginning,next,then,later,now,abouttwomonthslater,afterawhile,soon,afterwards,sincethen,meanwhile,intheend,atlast,finally,forthefirsttime,afterthat,thenextmoment,uptonow,beforelong,fromthenon,soonerorlater等。(10)表總結(jié)：inshort,inaword,inconclusion,ingeneral,inbrief,generallyspeaking,onthewhole,tosumup,inall等。(11)表轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ龋簓et,however,otherwise,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,inspiteof,afterall,infact,asamateroffact等。(12)表列舉或舉例：foronething…andforanother(thing);first(ly),second(ly),third(ly),finally/lastbutnotleast(最后但同等重要的);forexample/instance,take…forexample,suchas,thatis,asfollows,andsoon等。(13)常用的放在句首，修飾整個(gè)句子的連接性副詞：(un)luckily,(un)fortunately,hopefully,naturally,strangely,apparently,inthisway等。寫作中常見錯(cuò)誤：1).動(dòng)詞與主語關(guān)系不清誤：IsawanoldmangoingoutofCityParkandwasabouttocrossParkRoad.正：IsawanoldmangoingoutofCityParkandhewasabouttocrossParkRoad.誤：Butthecarranoffimmediatelyinsteadofstoppingtoapologizetotheman.正：Butthedriverdroveoffimmediatelyinsteadofstoppingtoapologizetotheman.誤：Theparkshouldchargetheentrancefee.正：Theentrancefeeshouldbechargedforparks.正：Peopleshouldpayfortheentrancefeeiftheygototheparks.2).主謂不一致誤：FatherandIamgoingtovisither.正：FatherandIaregoingtovisither.誤：Therehadmanypeopleonthebus.正：Thereweremanypeopleonthebus.3).時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)混用誤：Themealissonicethatweallenjoyeditverymuch.正：Themealwassonicethatweallenjoyeditverymuch.誤：Theoldmanknockeddownbythecarandinjuredbadly.正：Theoldmanwasknockeddownbythecarandinjuredbadly.4).句子成分殘缺誤：Theyoungmanrunninginthestreetfast.正：Theyoungmanwasrunninginthestreetfast.誤：Theythinkwhethergotocollegeornotdoesn’tmatter.正：Theythinkitmakesnodifferencewhethertheygotocollegeornot5).中文式英語誤：Nextmonthhaveasportsmeeting.正：Nextmonthwewillhaveasportsmeeting.誤：Havesomestudentsthinkthatcollegeissoexpensivethatcommonfamiliescan’taffordit.正：HaveSomestudentsthinkthatthecollegetuitionissohighthatcommonfamiliescan’taffordit.6).名詞單復(fù)數(shù)不分誤：HewillgiveatalkonAmericanfilm.正：HewillgiveatalkonAmericanfilms.誤：Heisoneofthebestplayerinourschool.正:Heisoneofthebestplayersinourschool.7).贅詞現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重誤：Atlast,thelostboyreturnedback.正：Atlast,thelostboyreturned.誤：Ononeday,hewenttothecinema.正：Oneday,hewenttothecinema.2.機(jī)械翻譯修改前：Myhobbiesareswimming,skating,collectingstamps,popmusic.修改后：Inmysparetime,Ienjoylisteningtopopmusicandcollectingstamps.Myfavoritesportsareswimminginsummerandskatinginwinter.修改前：Inthedaytime,wetooklessonsandhadtodoourhomework.Intheevening,wehadtodoourhomework.修改后：Wehavetogotoschoolevenatweekendsanddomuchhomeworkbothinthedaytimeandintheevening.誤：Inthepasttenyears,thevillagehastakenplacegreatchanges.正：Inthepasttenyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthevillage.3.句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系不清誤：Ithittheoldmandownbutthedriver,awoman,didn’tstophercar.Findingshehadcausedanaccident,thewomanspedhercartofleeaway.TheoldmanandIsawthecar’snumber.It’sAC864.Theoldmancouldn’tmove,Idecidedtohelphim.正：Ithittheoldmandownbutthedriver,whowasawoman,didn’tstophercar.Findingshehadcausedanaccident,thewomanspedhercartofleeaway.

Fortunately,Isawthecar’snumber.It’sAC864.Noticingtheoldmancouldn’tmove,Idecidedtohelphim.4.畫蛇添足、過多的長(zhǎng)句使句子復(fù)雜化（語言不簡(jiǎn)潔）修改前：

Afamoussportsmanwasgivingaspeechwhichwasratherinteresting.修改后：Afamoussportsmanwasgivinganinterestingspeech.修改前Nowadays,somepeoplearestillcuttingdowntreeswithoutpermission.Theairpollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreseriouswhichiscausedbybusesandcars.What’smore,somanyriversarepollutedbydirtywaterwhichisfromfactory.Inaddition,sandstormstruckusnowandthen,fromwhichwesufferedalot.修改后Nowadays,somepeoplearestillcuttingdowntreeswithoutpermission.Asaresult,peoplehavetosuffersandstormsnowandthen.What’smore,asbusesandcarsgiveoffalotofpoisonousgases,theairisgettingdirtieranddirtier.Moreover,therearemanyriverspollutedbydirtywaterfromfactories.Thesituationisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.修改前：Assoonascamein,weheardsomevoicemadebyinstruments.Thereweresomestudentsplayingpianoviolinandsoon.修改后：Assoonaswecamein,weheardapieceofbeautifulmusicplayedbythestudentsbydifferentinstruments,suchas,piano,violinandsoon.5.過于簡(jiǎn)單的句子使文章缺少邏輯性，可讀性。修改前Yesterday,therewasapolicemaninthestreet.Hestoppedacar.Thecarwasatthecorner.ItlookedlikeaHonda.Therewasaboyonthesidewalk.Hewasridinghisbicycle.Thebicyclewasatwo-wheeler.Thecarnearlyknockeddowntheboy.修改后Yesterday,apolicemanstoppedacar—Hondaatthecornerofthestreet,becauseitnearlyknockeddownaboywhowasridingatwo-wheelbicycleonthesidewalk.修改前Suddenly,acarrunquicklyfromthethirdstreetandturnedtothewest.Thecardidn’tstopandhittheoldman.Thedriverdidn’tstopandhavealook.Thecarranawayquickly.Thecarwasyellowandthedriverwasawoman.修改后Suddenly,acarturnedwestfromthe3rdStreettotheParkRoad.Ithittheoldman,butitdidn’tstopandranawayquickly.Inoticedthecarwasyello