2023年職稱英語等級(jí)考試試題、答案及題解

理工類C級(jí)第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1—15題，每題1分，共15分）

下面共有15個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語畫有底橫線，請(qǐng)從每個(gè)句子背面所給旳4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與畫線部分意義最相近旳詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)旳位置上。1.

Iamnotcertainwhetherhewillcome.

A

determined

B

sure

C

sorry

D

glad2.

Sheseemedtohavedetectedsomeangerinhisvoice.

A

noticed

B

heard

C

realized

D

got3.

PleasedonothesitatetocallmeifIcanbeoffurtherassistance.

A

contact

B

see

C

help

D

touch4.

Inshort,Iamgoingtolivetheremyself.

A

Inotherwords

B

Thatistosay

C

Inaword

D

Tobefrank5.

Hehastroubleunderstandingthatotherpeoplejudgehimbyhissocialskillsandconduct.

A

style

B

behavior

C

mode

D

attitude6.

Ihadsomedifficultyincarryingouttheplan.

A

making

B

keeping

C

changing

D

implementing7.

Mr.Johnsonevidentlyregardedthisasagreatjoke.

A

readily

B

casually

C

obviously

D

simply8.

WeallthinkthatMary’shusbandisaveryboringperson.

A

shy

B

stupid

C

dull

D

selfish9.

Theworkersinthatfactorymanufacturefurniture.

A

promote

B

paint

C

produce

D

polish10.

Theyonlyhavealimitedamountoftimetogettheirpointsacross.

A

large

B

total

C

small

D

similar11.

Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajorimpactontravelpreferences.

A

force

B

influence

C

surprise

D

power12.

Canyoufollowtheplot?

A

change

B

investigate

C

write

D

understand13.

Eveninahighlymodernizedcountry,manualworkisstillneeded.

A

physical

B

mental

C

natural

D

hard14.

Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed.

A

result

B

judgment

C

decision

D

event15.

NormanBlameyisanartistofdeepconvictions.

A

statements

B

beliefs

C

suggestions

D

claims第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16—22題，每題1分，共7分）

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文旳內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷。假如該句提供旳是對(duì)旳信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把A涂黑；假如該句提供旳是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把B涂黑；假如該句旳信息文章中沒有提及，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑。TheThreattoKiribatiThepeopleofKiribatiareafraidthatonedayinthenot-too-distantfuture,theircountrywilldisappearfromthefaceoftheearth-literally.Severaltimesthisyear,thePacificislandnationhasbeenfloodedbyasuddenhightide.Thesetides,whichsweptacrosstheislandanddestroyedhouses,camewhentherewasneitherwindnorrain.“Thisneverhappenedbefore,”saytheoldercitizensofKiribati.

Whatiscausingthesemysterioushightides?Theanswermaywellbeglobalwarming.Whenfuelslikeoilandcoalarebeingburned,pollutants(污染物)arereleased;thesepollutantstrapheatintheearth’satmosphere.Warmertemperaturescausewatertoexpandandalsocreatemorewaterbymeltingglaciers(冰川)andpolar(極地旳)icecaps.

Ifthetrendcontinues,scientistssay,manycountrieswillsuffer,Bangladesh,forexample,mightloseone-fifthofitsland.Thecoral(珊瑚)islandnationsofthePacific,likeKiribatiandtheMarshallIslands,however,wouldfaceanevenworsefate–theywouldbeswallowedbythesea.Thelossofthesecoralislandswouldbeeveryone’sloss.Coralformationsarehometomorespeciesthananyotherplaceonearth.

Thepeopleofthesenationsfeelfrustrated.Thesea,onwhichtheireconomieshavealwaysbeenbased,issuddenlythreateningtheirexistence.Theydon’thavethemoneyforexpensivetechnologicalsolutionslikeseawalls.Andtheyhavenocontroloverthepollutants,whicharebeingreleasedmainlybyactivitiesinlargeindustrializedcountries.Alltheycandoistohopethatindustrializedcountrieswilltakestepstoreducepollution.16.

ThepeopleofKiribatiworrythatonedaytheircountrywillbetakenawaybyasuddenhightide.

A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Notmentioned17.

HightidesusedtoattackKiribatiwhentherewasstrongwindorheavyrain.

A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Notmentioned18.

Theheatreleasedbyburningoilandcoalisthedirectcauseofglobalwarming.

A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Notmentioned19.

Scientistsarenotsurehowserioustheeffectsofglobalwarmingwillbe.

A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Notmentioned20.

ThecoralislandnationsofthePacifichavealonghistoryofcivilization.

A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Notmentioned21.

Thepeopleofthecoralislandnationsareunabletodoanythingsubstantialabouttheproblemofglobalwarming.

A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Notmentioned22.

Someindustrializedcountriesareunwillingtospendmoneyinreducingpollution.

A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意與完畢句子（第23—30題，每題1分，共8分）

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第23—26題規(guī)定從所給旳6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2、3、5和6段每段選擇1個(gè)對(duì)旳旳小標(biāo)題；（2）第27—30題規(guī)定從所給旳6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)對(duì)旳選項(xiàng)，分別完畢每個(gè)句子。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)旳位置上。Robots1

Themostsophisticated(先進(jìn)旳)Japaneserobots,whichhavevisionsystemsandworkatveryhighspeeds,arestillbasedonAmericandesigns.Studiesofrobots,particularlycomputercontrolsoftware,areconsideredtobegenerallylessadvancedinJapanthaninAmericaorEurope.

2

Althoughindustrialrobotswereoriginallydevelopedasdevicesforsimplyhandlingobjects,todaytheircommonestusesareformoreskilledworklikewelding(焊接),spray-paintingandassemblingcomponents.

3

InBritain,robotsalesappropriatelypeakedin1984,buthavebeendecliningeversince.ThisispartlybecauseBritishwageratesaretoolowtomakerobotsfinanciallyattractiveandpartlybecauseengineersnowhavemoreexperiencewithrobotsandaremoreawareofthedifficultiesofintroducingthemeffectively.

4

Ithasbeencalculatedthatarobotusesonaverageabout100timesmoreenergythanahumantodoanequivalentjob.

5

Itisestimatedthat20%ofallcomicbookheroesinJapanarerobots.ThisisanenormousnumberbecausecomicsaresopopularthattheymakeupathirdofallmaterialpublishedinJapan.

6

ThereliabilityofrobotsismeasuredintheirM.T.B.F.ormeantimebetweenfailures.Thishasrisenfromabout250hoursinthemid-1970stoabout10,000hourstoday(equivalenttoworking18hoursadayfortwoyears.)Onewayrobotmanufacturershaveincreasedreliabilityistotesteverysinglecomponenttheybuy,insteadofthenormalprocedureofjusttestingasmallsample.

7

ThebiggestsinglebenefitofintroducingrobotsclaimedbyJapanesecompaniesisthattheyincreasequalitycontrol.Onceprogrammed,therobotscanworkmoreaccuratelyandconsistentlythanhumans,whocangettiredandbored.23.

Paragraph2_____________

24.

Paragraph3_____________

25.

Paragraph5_____________

26.

Paragraph6_____________

27.

EventhemostsophisticatedJapaneserobotsare__________.

28.

RobotsarelesspopularinBritaintodaypartlybecause________.

29.

Onedisadvantageofusingrobotsisthattheyconsume___________.

30.

Theuseofrobotsincreases___________.A

toomuchenergy

B

basedonAmericandesigns

C

theyaretoocostly

D

theyarenotreliable

E

qualitycontrol

F

freeofcharge第4部分：閱讀理解（第31—45題，每題3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題背面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章旳內(nèi)容，從每題所給旳4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案，涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)旳位置上。第一篇

EtaCarinaeAspossiblythegalaxy’s(銀河)mostmassivestar,EtaCarinaeisnowengaginginsomeveryunusualbehaviour.Australianastronomers,beingintheSouthernHemisphere(半球),areabletoobserveitclearly.

Inthe19thcentury,EtaCarinaewasforatimethethirdbrighteststarinthesky.Ithasnowbecomelessbrightsothatbinoculars(雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡)areneededtoseeit.“Itseemstobebrighteningandbecominglessbrightoveraperiodofmanyyears”,saidDrBobDuncanfromtheAustraliaTelescopeNationalFacility.

Whileitisnotunusualforstarstovaryinbrightness,theperiodisusuallymuchshorter.“Since1992ithasbecomefourtimesbrighter,andthenlastyearitbegantodropdramatically,”hesaid.

TheprobleminobservingEtaCarinaeisthatithasbeensurroundedbyacloudofgasanddust,makingithardtoseethestardirectly.However,radiowavesandinfraredlight(紅外線)canpassthroughthiscloud,sotelescopesthatreceivethesewavelengthscanobservewhatisoccurring.

EtaCarinaeisofparticularinteresttoastronomersbecauseitseemstobeinitsdeaththroes（劇痛）.Beingsolargeitwillendupasasupernova(超新星).Therehasnotbeenasupernovainourgalaxysincetheinventionofthetelescope.Whilea1987explosioninanearbygalaxygaveastronomersplentyofvaluabledata,theyarehungryforanevencloserlook.

EtaCarinaehasotheruniquefeatures,andistheonlystarknowntoproduceanultraviolet(紫外線)laserthatisbrighterthanthatproducedbytheSun.Lasershavebeenobservedinotherfrequenciesfromafewstars.31.

EtaCarinaeisnowengagingin

A.

someverycommonbehaviour

B.

someverydullbehaviour

C.

someveryfrighteningbehaviour.

D.

someverystrangebehaviour32.

Theword“period”inParagraph3meansthelengthoftime

A.

overwhichstarvaryinbrightness

B.

forwhichEtacarinae’sbrighteninglasts.

C.

Etacarinaetakestobecomeasupernova.

D.

ittakesthelaserfromEtacarinaetotraveltotheearth.33.

EtaCarinaeishardtoobservebecause

A.

itistoofaraway.

B.

thereistoomuchdustandgasaroundit.

C.

thebinocularsarenotpowerfulenough.

D.

itdoesnotsendoutinfraredlight.34.

AstronomersareparticularlyinterestedinEtaCarinaebecause

A.

itisinitsfinalstage.

B.

itisasupernova.

C.

itexplodedin1987.

D.

itisbrighterthanthesun.35.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutEtaCarinaeisNOTtrue?

A.

Itwillendupasasupernova.

B.

Itcanbeseenonlythroughbinoculars.

C.

Itistheonlystarthatsendsoutanultravioletlaser.

D.

ItsultravioletlaserisbrighterthanthatoftheSun.第二篇

NewFoodsandtheNewWorldInthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople–nottheirclothes,ideas,orlanguages–haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocatree(可可樹)bySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500’s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensive,itquicklybecamefashionable.InLondon,shopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday.

ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600,theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEurope,whereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthe“PotatoFamine(饑荒)”of1845-1846,andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica.

TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffee,andcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopia,acountryinAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabduringthe1400’s.

AccordingtoanArabiclegend,coffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnameKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthe“wide-awake”feelingthatone-thirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith.36.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostinthelast500years?

A.

Food

B.

Clothing

C.

Ideology.

D.

Language.37.

“Some”inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphrefersto

A.

somecocoatrees.

B.

somechocolatedrinks.

C.

someshops.

D.

somesouthamericanindians.38.

ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthe“PotatoFamine”because

A.

theyweresodependentonpotatoesthattheyrefusedtoeatanythingelse.

B.

theywereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoamerica.

C.

theweatherconditionsinirelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingpotatoes.

D.

thepotatoharvestwasbad.39.

Whichcountryisthelargestcoffeeproducer?

A.

Brazil.

B.

Colombia.

C.

Ethiopia.

D.

Egypt.40.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?

A.

Onethirdoftheworld’spopulationdrinkscoffee.

B.

CoffeeisnativetoColombia.

C.

Coffeecankeeponeawake.

D.

CoffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs.第三篇

London’sFirstLightRailSystemTheDocklandsLightRailway(DLR)tookjustthreeyearstobuildatacostof￡77million.ItisLondon’sfirstLightRailSystem,butitsroutefollowsthatofanumberofolderlines,whichcarriedthenineteenthcenturyrailwaysthroughthecroweddistrictsoftheEastEnd.

ThesectionofthelinefromtheTowerGatewayStationtoPoplarfollowsthelineofoneofLondon’searliestrailways,theLondon&Blackwell(1840),acable-drawnrailway(laterconvertedtosteam)whichcarriedpassengerstosteamshipsatBlackwellPier,andprovidedtransportforthemessengersandclerkswhowentbackwardsandforwardsbetweenthedocks(碼頭)andthecityeveryday.

FromPoplartoIsland

ThePolartoStratfordsectionoftheDLRroutewasfirstdevelopedbytheNorthLondonRailway,builtinthe1850stolinktheWestandEastIndiaDockswiththemanufacturingdistrictsoftheMidlandsandNorthofEngland.Thereweremajorrailwayworksandsidings(岔線)atBowuntilrecently.

Thetrainsareautomaticallycontrolledfromacentralcomputer,whichdealswithallsignalingandothersafetyfactors,aswellasadjustingspeedstokeepwithinthetimetable;onboardeachvehicle,TrainCaptains,whoarealsofullyqualifieddrivers,areequippedwithtwo-wayradiostomaintaincontactwithcentralcontrol.Therearepassengerlifts,andself-serviceticketmachines,ateverystation.41.

ThepassagetellsusthatLondon’sfirstLightRailSystem.

A.

wasconstructedinthenineteenthcentury.

B.

willbefinishedinthreeyears’time.

C.

followssomeoftheoriginallines.

D.

tookthreeyearslongerthanexpectedtocomplete.42.

WelearnfromthepassagethattheLondon&Blackwellrailway

A.

nowcarriespassengerstoandfromthedocks.

B.

wasabusylineafewyearsago.

C.

usedtoemploymanymessengersandclerks.

D.

wasnotoriginallyasteamrailway.43.

“Thisline”inParagraph3refersto

A.

thelinefromtheTowerGatewayStationtoPoplar.

B.

thelinefromPoplartoIslandGardens.

C.

theMillwallExtensionRailway.

D.

thelinefromPoplarto44.

ItappearsthatthePoplartoStratfordsectionoftheDLRroutewasoriginallydevelopedto

A.

promotetravelintheMidlands.

B.

encouragetradewiththeNorthofEngland.

C.

createemployment.

D.

makethetransportofgoodseasier.45.

ThetrainsontheDLRarecontrolledby

A.

anon-boardcentralcomputer.

B.

acomputerengineeronboard.

C.

two-wayradiosoperatedbythedrivers.

D.

acomputercenterbasedsomewherealongtheline.第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46—50題，每題2分，共10分）

閱讀下面旳短文，文章中有5處空白，文章背面有6組文字，請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章旳內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)旳位置上。SuccessStoriesOneofthemostsuccessfulfashioncompaniesintheworldisBenetton.TheBenettonfamilyopenedtheirfirstshopinItalyin1968._________(46)Benettonfollowedfourmarketingprinciplesinordertoachievetheirsuccess.

ThefirstprincipleinConsumerConcept.Tobuildasuccessfulbusiness,youhavetodevelopproductsaroundthingspeoplevalue,especiallyquality.___________(47)Hecreatedclothestomatchpeople’swants:thestyleiscasual;thecolorsandpatternsarebold;andthequalityisexcellent.

TheSystemLinkinanotherfeatureofgoodmarketing.ForBenetton,thismeanswaitingtogetinformationaboutwhatcustomerslikeandwhattheydislikebeforemakingtheclothes._________(48).

TheInformationLinkmeansmakingsurethecompanyrespondsquicklytopeople’sdemands._____________(49)ThisinformationisthensenttothemainofficeinItaly.Benettoncanusethisinformationtoidentifypopularproductsandtocontinuemakingthem;itcanalsoidentifylesspopularproductsandstopmakingthem.

AfinalimportantmarketingprincipleistheRetailLink.ThereareBenettonstoresincountriesaroundtheworld.Allthestoreshavethesameclothing,thesamewindowdisplay,andthesameapproachtosales.______________(50)

ThethingspeoplelikeaboutBenettonstoresarethatthequalityisalwayshighandthepricesaregenerallylow.Andthatspellssuccess.A

ThefounderofBenettonbeganbyaskingpeoplewhattheywanted.B

Thereusedtobeagoodreasonforthis.C

WhensomethingissoldataBenettonstore,thestorerecordsinformationaboutthetype,size,andcoloroftheitem.D

Today,thereareBenettonshopsinmajorcitiesallovertheworld.E

ThismeansthatcustomerscangointoanyBenettonstoreintheworldandbesureofwhattheyarebuying.F

Inotherwords,Benetton’sclothesaremadetoorder.第6部分：完形填空

（第51—65題，每題1分，共15分）

閱讀下面旳短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文旳內(nèi)容從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案，涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)旳位置上。SingingAlarmsCouldSavetheBlindIfyoucannotsee,youmaynotbeabletofindyourwayoutofaburningbuilding–andthatcouldbefatal.AcompanyinLeedscould____________(51)allthatwithdirectional(定向旳)soundalarmscapableofguidingyoutotheexit.

SoundAlert,acompanyrun__________(52)theUniversityofLeeds,isinstallingthealarmsinaresidentialhomefor______________(53)peopleinSommersetandaresourcecenterfortheblindinCambria.Thealarmsproducea_____(54)rangeoffrequenciesthatenablethebrainto________(55)wherethesoundiscomingfrom.

DeborahWithingtonofSoundAlertsaysthatthealarmsusemostofthefrequenciesthatcanbe__________(56)byhumans.“Itisaburstofwhitenoisethatpeoplesaysoundslikestat