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15/15TotallywithoutlightandsubjectedtointensepressureshundredsoftimesgreaterthanattheEarth’ssurface,thedeep—oceanbottomisahostileenvironmenttohumans,insomewaysasforbiddingandremoteasthevoidofouterspace.(定語(yǔ)后置insomeways…)由于完全沒有光,而且承受著比在地球表面大數(shù)百倍的極大壓力,深海底部對(duì)人類而言是一個(gè)充滿敵意的環(huán)境,在某些方面就像外層空間一樣險(xiǎn)惡和遙遠(yuǎn)。分句1:Totallywithoutlightandsubjectedtointensepressures分句2:hundredsoftimesgreaterthanattheEarth’ssurface分句3:thedeep—oceanbottomisahostileenvironmenttohumans分句4:insomewaysasforbiddingandremoteasthevoidofouterspace分句2修飾分句1結(jié)尾的短語(yǔ)intensepressures,分句1是分句3的原因狀語(yǔ)分句3是整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定語(yǔ),修飾分句3的ahostileenvironmenttohumans整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)是:原因狀語(yǔ)+主句+后置定語(yǔ)這是主句前后分別有狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)的修飾成分,但是本句其實(shí)不是復(fù)合句。句子的核心意思是深海對(duì)于人類而言是一個(gè)充滿敵意的環(huán)境。2。BasictoanyunderstandingofCanadainthe20yearsaftertheSecondWo(hù)rldWaristhecountry'simpressivepopulationgrowth.(倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)Basictoanyunderstanding…is…)要理解二戰(zhàn)之后20年中的加拿大,就必須了解該國(guó)驚人的人口增長(zhǎng)。分句1:BasictoanyunderstandingofCanadainthe20yearsaftertheSecondWorldWar分句2:is分句3:thecountry’simpressivepopulationgrowth分句1,2,3共同構(gòu)成倒裝句,正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是3,2,1,即:該句的正常語(yǔ)序是Thecountry'simpressivepopulationgrowthisbasictoanyunderstandingofCanadainthe20yearsaftertheSecondWo(hù)rldWar.本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,只不過使用了倒裝,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is.3.Asaresult,claimsthateat(yī)ingadietconsistingentirelyoforganicallygrownfoodspreventsorcuresdiseaseorprovidesotherbenefitstohealthhavebecomewidelypublicizedandformthebasisforfolklore.(同位語(yǔ)從句claimsthat…)結(jié)果,那些認(rèn)為只食用綠色食品就能防治疾病或增進(jìn)健康的觀點(diǎn)廣為人知,并成為一些民間說(shuō)法的基礎(chǔ)。分句1:thateat(yī)ingadietconsistingentirelyoforganicallygrownfoodspreventsorcuresdiseaseorprovidesotherbenefitstohealth分句2:claimshavebecomewidelypublicizedandformthebasisforfolklore分句2嵌套分句1,分句1作為分句2主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)從句嵌套在分句2中。因此本句的主句是claimshavebecomewidelypublicizedandformthebasisforfolklore.那些觀點(diǎn)廣為人知,并成為一些民間說(shuō)法的基礎(chǔ)。同位語(yǔ)從句是thateatingadietconsistingentirelyoforganicallygrownfoodspreventsorcuresdiseaseorprovidesotherbenefitstohealth:只食用綠色食品就能防治疾病或增進(jìn)健康4.Therearenumerousunsubstantiatedreportsthat(yī)nat(yī)uralvitaminsaresuperiortosyntheticones,that(yī)fertilizedeggsarenutritionallysuperiortounfertilizedeggs,thatuntreat(yī)edgrainsarebetterthanfumigatedgrainsandthelike.(并列同位語(yǔ)從句reportsthat…,that…,that…)關(guān)于天然維生素優(yōu)于人造維生素,受精蛋比未受精蛋的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值更高,未經(jīng)熏蒸消毒處理的谷物比經(jīng)過處理的好等等報(bào)道屢見不鮮,但都沒有得到證實(shí).分句1:Therearenumerousunsubstantiatedreports分句2:naturalvitaminsaresuperiortosyntheticones分句3:thatfertilizedeggsarenutritionallysuperiortounfertilizedeggs分句4:thatuntreatedgrainsarebetterthanfumigatedgrainsandthelike分句1是整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句的主句,分句2、分句3和分句4是并列關(guān)系,共同構(gòu)成分句1的同位語(yǔ)從句。本句的意思是有很多沒有經(jīng)過證實(shí)的報(bào)道,然后并列了三個(gè)未經(jīng)過證實(shí)的報(bào)道的從句。5.Butthesefactorsdonotaccountfortheinterestingquestionofhowtherecametobesuchaconcentrat(yī)ionofpregnantichthyosaursinaparticularplaceveryclosetotheirtimeofgivingbirth。ichthyosaur[?ikθi?s?:]n.魚龍(Of結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ):ofhowtherecametobesuchaconcentrationofpregnantichthyosaurs…)但這些因素并不能解釋這個(gè)有趣的問題:為何在一個(gè)特定的地點(diǎn)會(huì)如此集中地出現(xiàn)即將臨產(chǎn)的懷孕魚龍群。6.Accompanyingthatgrowthwasastructuralchangethatfeaturedincreasingeconomicdiversificationandagradualshiftinthenation'slaborforcefromagriculturetomanufacturingandothernonagriculturalpursuits.(倒裝Accompanyingthatgrowthwasastructuralchangethat…=Astructuralchange…wasaccompanyingthatgrowth)伴隨著這一增長(zhǎng)的是一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)變化,它以經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷多樣化和國(guó)家勞動(dòng)力從農(nóng)業(yè)到制造業(yè)和其他非農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)的逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化為特征。7。WiththegrowingprosperitybroughtonbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthatfollowedit,youngpeoplemarriedandestablishedhouseholdsearlierandbegantoraiselargerfamiliesthanhadtheirpredecessorsduringtheDepression.(倒裝thanhadtheirpredecessors—比較結(jié)構(gòu)的第二部分)隨著二戰(zhàn)帶來(lái)的持續(xù)繁榮以及隨之而來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),年輕人比大蕭條中的同齡人結(jié)婚成家更早,而且養(yǎng)育的家庭比他們的前輩更大。6·Thenewaccessibilityoflandaroundtheperipheryofalmosteverymajorcitysparkedanexplosionofrealestatedevelopmentandfueledwhatwenowknowasurbansprawl.?(賓語(yǔ)從句whatwenowknowas)?現(xiàn)在可以獲得這些環(huán)繞幾乎每個(gè)大城市邊緣地區(qū)的土地,這一可能性激發(fā)了一場(chǎng)房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的熱潮并造成了我們現(xiàn)在稱為城區(qū)無(wú)計(jì)劃擴(kuò)展的現(xiàn)象。?
分句1:Thenewaccessibilityoflandaroundtheperipheryofalmosteverymajorcitysparkedanexplosionofrealestatedevelopmentandfueled?分句2:whatwenowknowasurbansprawl?分句1嵌套分句2,即分句1是主句,分句2是賓語(yǔ)從句,主句結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)過精簡(jiǎn)應(yīng)該是Thenewaccessibilityoflandsparkedanexplosionofrealestatedevelopmentandfueledurbansprawl。?本句的理解困難還來(lái)自于抽象詞fuel,它作為名詞的含義廣為人知,是能源、燃料,作為動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候的意思就可以引申為促使、造成。
7.Butthesefactorsdonotaccountfortheinterestingquestionofhowtherecametobesuchaconcentrat(yī)ionofpregnantichthyosaursinaparticularplaceveryclosetotheirtimeofgivingbirth。
(Of結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ):ofhowtherecametobesuchaconcentrationofpregnantichthyosaurs…)
但這些因素并不能解釋這個(gè)有趣的問題:為何在一個(gè)特定的地點(diǎn)會(huì)如此集中地出現(xiàn)即將臨產(chǎn)的懷孕魚龍群.
?分句1:Butthesefactorsdonotaccountfortheinterestingquestion
分句2:ofhowtherecametobesuchaconcentrationofpregnantichthyosaursinaparticularplaceveryclosetotheirtimeofgivingbirth
分句1嵌套分句2。分句2是Of結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾說(shuō)明question的內(nèi)容。
8。Amidrumorsthattherewereprehistoricmammothswanderingaroundtheunknownregionandthatsomewhereinitswildswasamountainofrocksalt80by45milesinextent,thetwocaptainssetout.
(同位語(yǔ)從句rumorsthat…)?當(dāng)時(shí)有一些傳言,說(shuō)有史前的猛犸在這一陌生的區(qū)域活動(dòng),而且在這一區(qū)域的某個(gè)地方有一座巨大的鹽石山,其面積達(dá)80英里長(zhǎng)50英里寬。就在這些傳言中,兩位上尉出發(fā)了。?
分句1:Amidrumors
分句2:thattherewereprehistoricmammothswanderingaroundtheunknownregion?分句3:andthatsomewhereinitswildswasamountainofrocksalt80by45milesinextent
分句4:thetwocaptainssetout
分句1和分句4構(gòu)成倒裝,正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是分句4+分句1,即thetwocaptainssetoutAmidrumors.分句1嵌套分句2和分句3,分句2和分句3是修飾分句1的rumors的同位語(yǔ)從句,用來(lái)說(shuō)明謠言的具體內(nèi)容。分句2和分句3構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系.?
9。Intheseventeenthcenturytheorgan,theclavichord,andtheharpsichordbecamethechiefinstrumentsofthekeyboardgroup,asupremacytheymaintaineduntilthepianosupplantedthemat(yī)theendoftheeightee(cuò)nthcentury。
(同位語(yǔ)asupremacy)
17世紀(jì)時(shí)風(fēng)琴、敲弦琴和撥弦琴成為鍵盤樂器類的主要成員,這種至高無(wú)上的地位一直由它們保持,直到18世紀(jì)末被鋼琴所取代.?
分句1:Intheseventeenthcenturytheorgan,theclavichord,andtheharpsichordbecamethechiefinstrumentsofthekeyboardgroup,?分句2:asupremacytheymaintaineduntilthepianosupplantedthematthee(cuò)ndoftheeighteenthcentury
分句2是分句1的同位語(yǔ)從句,用來(lái)修飾說(shuō)明分句1中的thechiefinstrumentsofthekeyboardgroup
?10.Aseriesofmechanicalimprovementscontinuingwellintothenineteenthcentury,includingtheintroductionofpedalstosustaintoneortosoftenit,theperfectionofametalframeandstee(cuò)lwireofthefinestquality,finallyproducedaninstrumentcapableofmyriadtonaleffectsfromthemostdelicateharmoniestoanalmostorchestralfullnessofsound,fromaliquid,singingtonetoasharp,percussivebrilliance.?(介詞結(jié)構(gòu)from…to…作定語(yǔ))
持續(xù)到19世紀(jì)的一系列機(jī)械上的改進(jìn),包括引入踏板以維持音調(diào)或使其柔和,改善金屬框架,以及使用最佳牲能的鋼絲,最終產(chǎn)生了一種具備無(wú)數(shù)音調(diào)效果的樂器—-這些效果涵蓋了從最精致的和聲到幾乎全部的管弦樂音響,從明快流暢的吟唱音調(diào)到尖銳的打擊樂器的恢弘氣氛.?
分句1:Aseriesofmechanicalimprovementscontinuingwellintothenineteenthcentury?分句2:includingtheintroductionofpedalstosustaintoneortosoftenit
分句3:theperfectionofametalframeandsteelwireofthefinestquality?分句4:finallyproducedaninstrumentcapableofmyriadtonaleffects?分句5:fromthemostdelicateharmoniestoanalmostorchestralfullnessofsound,
分句6:fromaliquid,singingtonetoasharp,percussivebrilliance
?本句的真正的主句結(jié)構(gòu)其實(shí)是由分句1和分句4構(gòu)成,即Aseriesofmechanicalimprovementscontinuingwellintothenineteenthcenturyfinallyproducedaninstrumentcapableofmyriadtonaleffects,,分句2和分句3并列修飾說(shuō)明分句1中的Aseriesofmechanicalimprovements,而分句5和分句6并列,修飾說(shuō)明了分句4中的aninstrumentcapableofmyriadtonaleffects11.Thelargestlat(yī)ernamedPuebloBonito(PrettyTown)bytheSpanish,roseinfiveterracedstories,containedmorethan800rooms,andcouldhavehousedapopulationof1,000ormore.?最大的一座后來(lái)被西班牙人稱為PuebloBonito(美麗的城鎮(zhèn)),是一個(gè)五層梯式樓,有800多間房子,能夠容納1000人以上。
?分句1:Thelargestroseinfiveterracedstories,containedmorethan800rooms,andcouldhavehousedapopulationof1,000ormore?分句2:laternamedPuebloBonito(PrettyTown)bytheSpanish
分句1嵌套分句2,分句2用來(lái)修飾分句1的主語(yǔ)thelargest,分句1內(nèi)部是由三個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的句子。
12。Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent",thefilmhasneverbeen,inthefullsenseoftheword,silent.
(倒裝accustomedthoughweare…=thoughweareaccustomed…)
雖然我們習(xí)慣于將1927年以前的電影叫做“無(wú)聲電影”,但是就“無(wú)聲’'這個(gè)詞的完整意義上說(shuō),電影從未真正的無(wú)聲過。
?分句1:Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent”
分句2:thefilmhasneverbeensilent
分句3:inthefullsenseoftheword?本句的難點(diǎn)是在分句1內(nèi)部有一個(gè)倒裝,正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是thoughweareaccustomedtospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927assilent.分句3是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ),嵌套在分句2中,所以本句的真正強(qiáng)調(diào)的核心是thefilmhasneverbeensilent。?
13。Foranumberofyearstheselectionofmusicforeachfilmprogramrestedentirelyinthehandsoftheconductororleaderoftheorchestra,andveryoftentheprincipalqualificationfarholdingsuchapositionwasnotskillortastesomuchastheownershipofalargepersonallibraryofmusicalpieces.?(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)not…SOmuchas…—-與其說(shuō)…不如說(shuō)…)
在好些年內(nèi),為各部影片選擇配樂的權(quán)力完全掌握在樂隊(duì)指揮或隊(duì)長(zhǎng)手中,而通常擔(dān)任這種職位的資格與其說(shuō)是技巧或鑒賞品位,不如說(shuō)是個(gè)人擁有音樂作品的豐富收藏。?
分句1:.Foranumberofyearstheselectionofmusicforeachfilmprogramrestedentirelyinthehandsoftheconductororleaderoftheorchestra
分句2:andveryoftentheprincipalqualificationfarholdingsuchapositionwasnotskillortastesomuchastheownershipofalargepersonallibraryofmusicalpieces
分句1和分句2構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系,分句2的難點(diǎn)在于not……somuchas的結(jié)構(gòu)。
14·Coincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbee(cuò)nagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity,thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosystem,tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell—being.
(倒裝coincidentwithconcerns…h(huán)asbeen…=…h(huán)asbeencoincidentwithconcerns…)
在對(duì)物種和動(dòng)物棲息地加速消失表示關(guān)注的同時(shí),人們也越來(lái)越認(rèn)識(shí)到生物多樣化,即一個(gè)特定生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中物種的數(shù)量對(duì)地球的健康以及人類幸福的重要性。?
分句1:Coincidentwithconcernsabouttheaccelerat(yī)inglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeenagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity
分句2:thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosystem
分句3:tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell—being
分句1內(nèi)部構(gòu)成倒裝,正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是concernsabouttheaccelerat(yī)inglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeencoincidentwithagrowingappreciat(yī)ionoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversitytothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell-being?所以真正的主句經(jīng)過精簡(jiǎn)之后是concernshasbee(cuò)ncoincidentwithagrowingappreciat(yī)ion
分句2是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ),用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明分句1結(jié)尾的biologicaldiversity??15.Thefactthathalfoftheknownspeciesarethoughttoinhabittheworld'srainforestsdoesnotseemsurprising,consideringthehugenumbersofinsectsthatcomprisethebulkofthespecies.
(同位語(yǔ)從句factthat…;定語(yǔ)從句thatcomprisethebulk…)?考慮到組成大部分物種的昆蟲的巨大數(shù)量,認(rèn)為半數(shù)的已知物種棲息在世界的雨林中這一事實(shí)看起來(lái)并不令人吃驚.
分句1:Thefactdoesnotseemsurprising?分句2:thathalfoftheknownspeciesarethoughttoinhabittheworld’srainforests
分句3:consideringthehugenumbersofinsects?分句4:thatcomprisethebulkofthespecies?分句1嵌套分句2,分句2解釋說(shuō)明分句1的主語(yǔ)thefact,是同位語(yǔ)從句,分句3作為分句1的原因狀語(yǔ),分句4是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾分句3的thehugenumbersofinsects16.Toappreciatefullythediversityandabundanceoflifeinthesea,ithelpstothinksmall.
(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)ithelpsto…做…有幫助)
要充分認(rèn)識(shí)海洋生命的多樣性和豐富性,從小的角度思考有幫助。
目的狀語(yǔ):Toappreciatefullythediversityandabundanceoflifeinthesea,
主句:ithelpstothinksmall.(這里的it是形式主語(yǔ),沒有實(shí)際意義)
17.Scienceisbuiltwithfactsjustasahouseisbuiltwithbricks,butacollectionoffactscannotbecalledscienceanymorethanapileofbrickscanbecalledahouse.
(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)notanymorethan像…一樣不…)
科學(xué)建立在事實(shí)上,就像房子用磚砌成一樣。但收集的事實(shí)不能被叫做科學(xué),就像一堆磚不能被稱為房子一樣.?
分句1。
Scienceisbuiltwithfactsjustasahouseisbuiltwithbricks,
分句2.
butacollectionoffactscannotbecalledscienceanymorethanapileofbrickscanbecalledahouse。?
1和2是并列分句
(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)
18.Thevariationbetweenthehemispherescorrespondstowhichsideofthebodyisusedtoperformspecificactivities。?(從句whichside…isused…作correspondsto的賓語(yǔ)?兩個(gè)半球之間的不同與身體的哪一部分用于進(jìn)行特定的活動(dòng)是對(duì)應(yīng)的。??分句1.
Thevariationbetwee(cuò)nthehemispherescorrespondsto
分句2.
whichsideofthebodyisusedtoperformspecificactivities.
?1和2是嵌套?1是主句,2做主句的賓語(yǔ)?
19.InaperiodcharacterizedbytheabandonmentofsomuchoftherealistictraditionbyauthorssuchasJohnBarth,DonaldBarthelme,andThomasPynchon,JoyceCarolOateshasseemedattimesdeterminedlyold—fashionedinherinsistenceODtheessentiallymimeticqualityofherfiction.
(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)characterizedby…——以…為特征)?盡管處于一個(gè)以拋棄大量現(xiàn)實(shí)主義傳統(tǒng)(以作家約翰·巴思、唐納德·巴塞爾姆和托馬斯.品欽為代表)為特征的時(shí)代,喬伊斯·卡羅爾·歐茨因?yàn)閳?jiān)持自己小說(shuō)本質(zhì)上模仿的特點(diǎn),有時(shí)候看起來(lái)是一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的守舊派。
?分句1。
characterizedbytheabandonmentofsomuchoftherealistictraditionbyauthorssuchasJohnBarth,DonaldBarthelme,andThomasPynchon,?分句2.
JoyceCarolOateshasseemedattimesdeterminedlyold-fashionedinherinsistenceODtheessentiallymimeticqualityofherfiction.
分句1做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Inaperiod”的后置定語(yǔ),補(bǔ)充修飾period,相當(dāng)于省略了“whichwas”的定語(yǔ)從句?分句2是主句
20.Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty,theywoulddevourallthefoodavailableinshorttimeandwouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence.?(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
如果不是具有這種能力,它們就會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)吞掉所有能得到的食物,而且很可能會(huì)因餓死而滅絕.
?分句1.
Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty?分句2.
theywoulddevourallthefoodavailableinshorttime?分句3.
wouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence?
分句1是虛擬句的條件從句
分句2、3是并列,
主句21.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkcultures,asaresocialclasses.?(倒裝asaresocialclasses)
'?個(gè)人主義和社會(huì)階層在民間文化群體中的發(fā)展十分薄弱.?
分句1。
Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkcultures
分句2.
asaresocialclasses?
1和2并列,2采用倒裝語(yǔ)序,as表示“也,和…一樣”
?22.PeopleintheUnitedStatesinthenineteenthcenturywerehauntedbytheprospectthat(yī)unprecedentedchangeinthenation’seconomywouldbringsocialchaos。
(同位語(yǔ)從句prospectthat…)?19世紀(jì)的美國(guó)人因?yàn)楹ε聡?guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)中史無(wú)前例的變化會(huì)帶來(lái)社會(huì)混亂這一前景而提心吊膽。
分句1。
PeopleintheUnitedStatesinthenineteenthcenturywerehauntedbytheprospect
分句2.
unprecedentedchangeinthenat(yī)ion'seconomywouldbringsocialchaos。
?1和2嵌套,?1是主句,2具體解釋說(shuō)明prospect
??23。Accompanyingthatgrowthwasastructuralchangethatfeaturedincreasingeconomicdiversificat(yī)ionandagradualshiftinthenation’slaborforcefromagriculturetomanufacturingandothernonagriculturalpursuits.
(倒裝Accompanyingthatgrowthwasastructuralchangethat…=Astructuralchange…wasaccompanyingthatgrowth)
伴隨著這一增長(zhǎng)的是一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)變化,它以經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷多樣化和國(guó)家勞動(dòng)力從農(nóng)業(yè)到制造業(yè)和其他非農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)的逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化為特征。
分句1.
Accompanyingthatgrowthwasastructuralchange?分句2.
feat(yī)uredincreasingeconomicdiversificationandagradualshiftinthenat(yī)ion’slaborforcefromagriculturetomanufacturingandothernonagriculturalpursuits
1和2是嵌套?分句1是主句,且采用完全倒裝的形式
分句2是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾change.
這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜,由2個(gè)and連接三個(gè)并列的名詞性成分
24.Astherolesmenandwomenplayedinsocietybecamemorerigidlydefined,sodidtherolestheyplayedinthehome.?(倒裝sodid…)?隨著男人和女人在社會(huì)中扮演的角色被限定得更加嚴(yán)格,他們?cè)诩抑械慕巧彩侨绱?
?分句1。
theroles
becamemorerigidlydefined?分句2.
menandwomenplayedinsociety?分句3.
sodidtheroles?分句4.
theyplayedinthehome.
1和2嵌套,
3和4嵌套
1和3并列?2和4分別作為定語(yǔ)從句修飾roles
3是由so引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句?
25.Surroundingthecolumnarethree(cuò)sepalsandthreepetals,sometimeseasilyrecognizableassuch,oftendistortedintogorgeous,weird,butalwaysfunctionalshapes.?(倒裝Surroundingthecolumnare…)
圍繞著蕊柱的是三個(gè)萼片和三個(gè)花瓣,有時(shí)很容易辨認(rèn)出來(lái),但經(jīng)常被扭成華麗、
奇特但總是有用的形狀。
分句1。
Surroundingthecolumnarethreesepalsandthreepetals?分句2.
sometimeseasilyrecognizableassuch,oftendistortedintogorgeous,weird,butalwaysfunctionalshapes.
1是主句,采用完全倒裝26.WiththegrowingprosperitybroughtonbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthatfollowedit,youngpeoplemarriedandestablishedhouseholdsearlierandbegantoraiselargerfamiliesthanhadtheirpredecessorsduringtheDepression.?(倒裝thanhadtheirpredecessors—比較結(jié)構(gòu)的第二部分)?隨著二戰(zhàn)帶來(lái)的持續(xù)繁榮以及隨之而來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),年輕人比大蕭條中的同齡人結(jié)婚成家更早,而且養(yǎng)育的家庭比他們的前輩更大。
?分句1.
thegrowingprosperitybroughtonbytheSecondWorldWar
分句2.
theeconomicboomthatfollowedit
分句3。
youngpeoplemarriedandestablishedhouseholdsearlier
分句4。
begantoraiselargerfamiliesthanhadtheirpredecessorsduringtheDepression。?1和2并列,3和4并列
1和2是伴隨狀語(yǔ)?3和4是主句?
?27。Therailroadcouldbeandwasadespoilerofnature;furthermore,initsmanifestationofspeedandnoise,itmightbeadespoilerofhumannatureaswell.?(關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)couldbeandwas)?鐵路可以,事實(shí)上也是自然的掠奪者;而且,在其速度和噪音的表現(xiàn)上也可能是人性的掠奪者。?
分句1.
Therailroadcouldbeandwasadespoilerofnature
分句2.
itmightbeadespoilerofhumannatureaswell.?1和2是并列(由分號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)并列分句)
?28.Intherailroads’primeyears,between1890and1920,therewereafewindividualsintheUnitedStates,mostofthemwithsolidrailroadingexperiencebehindthem,whomadeaprofessionofwritingaboutrailroading-—worksofferingtheambienceofstations,yards,andlocomotivecabs。?(同位語(yǔ)mostofthem;定語(yǔ)從句whomadeaprofessionofwriting)?在1890年到1920年間鐵路的黃金時(shí)期,美國(guó)有幾個(gè)人(他們大多有豐富的鐵路經(jīng)驗(yàn))以寫鐵路題材為職業(yè)——作品圍繞車站、停車場(chǎng)和機(jī)車.
分句1。
therewereafewindividualsintheUnitedStat(yī)es?分句2.
mostofthemwithsolidrailroadingexperiencebehindthem?分句3.
whomadeaprofessionofwritingaboutrailroading?分句4.
worksofferingtheambienceofstat(yī)ions,yards,andlocomotivecabs.??1是主句
2和3是嵌套
2作為1中afewindividuals的同位語(yǔ),對(duì)它進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明?
29.Ontheotherhand,whenitcomestosubstantive--particularlybehavioral-information,crowsarelesswellknownthanmanycomparablycommonspeciesand,forthatmatter,notafewquiteuncommonones:theendangeredCaliforniacondor,tociteoneobviousexample.
(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)forthatmatter)
另一方面,當(dāng)涉及實(shí)質(zhì)性的,特別是行為方面的信息時(shí),烏鴉就不如許多比較而言很普通的鳥類那樣為人所知;而且,也不如許多很不尋常的鳥類,舉一個(gè)明顯的例子,如像瀕危的加利福尼亞大禿鷲那樣為人所知.??分句1。
whenitcomestosubstantive--particularlybehavioral—information
分句2.
crowsarelesswellknownthanmanycomparablycommonspeciesand,forthatmatter,notafewquiteuncommonones:theendangeredCaliforniacondor,tociteoneobviousexample.
1和2是并列,分句1是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),2是主句,其中包含插入語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)以及冒號(hào)連接的解釋說(shuō)明的成分
30.Keenobserversandquicklearners,theyareastuteabouttheintentionsofothercreatures,includingresearchers,andadeptat(yī)avoidingthem.?(并列同位語(yǔ)keenobserversandquicklearners)?烏鴉是敏銳的觀察家和快捷的學(xué)習(xí)者,它們對(duì)其他生物(包括研究人員)的意圖感覺非常敏銳,并且善于躲開它們。??分句1.
theyareastuteabouttheintentionsofothercreatures,includingresearchers
分句2.
andadeptatavoidingthem.??1和2是并列
31.Theseresearchershavesoughttodemonstratethattheirworkcanbeavaluabletoolnotonlyofsciencebutalsoofhistory,providingfleshinsightsintothedailylivesofordinarypeoplewhosee(cuò)xistencesmightnototherwisebesowelldocumented.
(賓語(yǔ)從句demonstratethat…;特殊結(jié)構(gòu)otherwise)?這些研究人員已經(jīng)力圖證實(shí)他們的工作不僅可以成為科學(xué)而且還是歷史的寶貴工具,為了解普通人的日常生活提供嶄新的觀點(diǎn),否則這些普通人的生存狀態(tài)不可能被記載得這么好.
分句1:Theseresearchershavesoughttodemonstratethat?分句2:theirworkcanbeavaluabletoolnotonlyofsciencebutalsoofhistory?分句3:providingfleshinsightsintothedailylivesofordinarypeople
分句4:whosee(cuò)xistencesmightnototherwisebesowelldocumented。
分句1是整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子的主句
分句2是分句1的賓語(yǔ)從句?分句3是動(dòng)詞同位語(yǔ)從句,以分詞形式表示伴隨狀態(tài)?分句4補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,是3的從句。
?1和2嵌套
1和3并列
3和4嵌套
32.LegendhasitthatsometimetowardtheendoftheCivilWar(1861--1865)agovernmenttraincarryingoxentravelingthroughthenorthernplainsofeasternWyomingwascaughtinasnowstormandhadtobeabandoned。?(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)Legendhasitthat…=Thereisalegendthat…)
傳說(shuō)在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)(1861—-1865)快結(jié)束的某個(gè)時(shí)候,一列載著牛群的政府的火車在穿過懷俄明州東部的北部平原時(shí)遇到了暴風(fēng)雪,因此不得不被遺棄。?
分句1:Legendhasitthat
分句2:sometimetowardtheend
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