Unit2Workingtheland動名詞學案一、動名詞的形式havingbeenhavingbeendone主動形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdone被動形式二、功能及用法(作主語)①動名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。學習新單詞對我來說非常重要。____________________isveryimportantforme．說比做容易。___________iseasierthandoing.②用形式主語it，把真正的主語——動名詞結構移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞，如useful，useless，good，fun；nouse，worth等。如和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。_______________________________withShylock．想再解釋一次有好處嗎?__________________________________________________常用-ing形式作主語的句型有：It+be+awasteoftimedoing做……是浪費時間的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing做……是沒用處的Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing做……不值得Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做……是值得的Thereisnodoing無法……，不允許……Thereisnosenseindoing做……沒有道理Thereis/wasnousedoing干……無意義Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing沒有比……更糟的Thereis/wasnopointdoing干……無意義提示：當動名詞用作主語時，其邏輯主語由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構成。1)我姐姐病了，使我很擔心。Mysister'sbeingillmadeweworried.2)你正確未必就意味著我錯了。Yourbeingrightdoesn'tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong三、功能及用法(用作賓語)動名詞作賓語有兩種情況。一是有些動詞只能后接動名詞作賓語；二是有些動詞既可后接動名詞也可后接不定式作賓語。①只能后接動名詞作賓語的動詞，常見的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannothelp，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannotstand等。如：②既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞，常見的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。A．在like，love，hate，prefer等動詞之后，用-ing或不定式意義上沒有什么不同，只是側重點有些不同，動名詞表示泛指的動作，不定式表示具體的一次性動作。B．在begin/start，continue之后，用動名詞和不定式，意義無甚區(qū)別，尤其是當主語是人的時候。C．在動詞forget，remember，regret之后，用動名詞與不定式意義不同。動名詞表示動作先于謂語發(fā)生，不定式表示后于謂語動作D．在try，mean之后，意義各不相同，如trytodo(設法)，trydoing(試試)，meantodo(打算，有意要做)，meandoing(意思是，意味著)。E·goondoing和goontodogoondoing繼續(xù)做一直在做的事；goontodo接著做另一件事。F．stopdoing與stoptodo:Stopdoing停止做，stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。1.以下的動詞后面加動詞的不定式作賓語：afford,agree,arrange,choose,decide,hope,expect,offer,plan,promise,determine,demand,manage,fail,prepare,refuse,pretend,seem常跟不定式作賓語的動詞歌訣：三個希望兩答應，兩個要求莫拒絕,設法學會做決定,不要假裝在選擇。hope;wish;want;agree;promisedemand;ask;refusemanage;learn;decidepretend;choose想要拒絕命令，需要努力學習,期望同意幫助，希望決定開始。want;refuse;orderneed;try;learnexpect;agree;helphope;wish;decide;begin;start2.以下的動詞后面加動詞的ing作賓語:admit,advise,allow,appreciate,avoid,complete,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,suggest,stop,can’tstand,can’thelp,beworth常跟動詞ing作賓語的動詞歌訣:考慮建議盼原諒，承認推遲沒得想，避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認完成停能賞，不禁介意準逃亡，不準冒險憑想象。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardonadmit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practisedeny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciatecan’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape大顯身手：1.Theofficersnarrowlyescaped___________inthehotbattle.A.havekilledB.tokillC.tobekilledD.beingkilled2.___________theletter,hewentouttopostit.A.WritingB.BeingwritingC.HavingwrittenD.Written3.Don'tyouremember___________?A.seeingthemanbeforeB.toseethemanbeforeC.sawthemanbeforeD.tohaveseenthemanbefore4.Peoplecouldn'thelp___________thefoolishemperorintheprocession.A.laughatB.tolaughatC.laughingatD.laughingon5.We'relookingforward___________thephotoexhibition.A.tovisitingB.tovisitC.tohavingvisitedD.visiting6.Thegirl___________underthattreeismysister.A.sittingB.sitsC.issittingD.sat7.Thissentenceneeds___________.A.improvementB.improveC.improvingD.improved8.___________anythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkasusual...A.NotknownB.KnownnotC.KnowingnotD.Notknowing9.Thenextmorningshefoundtheman___________inbed,dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying10.Therewasterriblenoise___________thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed11.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___________alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing12."Can'tyouread?"Marysaid___________tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing13.Howabouttwoofus___________awalkdownthegarden?A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking14.---Imustapologizefor___________aheadoftime.---That'sallright.A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow15.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret___________that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone16.Wouldyou___________meyouridentificationcard,sir?A.mindtoshowB.mindshowingC.troubletoshowD.troubleshowing17.Hesuggested___________onSaturday.A.tohaveameetingB.havingameetingC.ameetingtohaveD.thathavingameeting18.Itisnogood___________tocomenow.Heisbusy.A.ifyouaskhimB.toaskhimC.askinghimD.thatyouaskhim19.Althoughpunctualhimself,theprofessorwasquiteused___________lateforhislecture.A.tohavestudentsB.forstudentstobeC.forstudents'beingD.tostudents'being20.Hedressedhimselfquicklyand___________hisschoolbag,wenttoschool.A.carriedB.tocarryC.carryingD.carries21.___________forseveralweeks,thecityneededfood.A.AshavingfloodedB.beingfloodedC.HavingbeenfloodedD.Toflood22.___________illworriedmyparentsgreatly.A.IfellB.MefallingC.MyfallingD.Ifalling23.Sheiswritingalettertoafriendofhers,___________himtoattendthemeeting.A.havinginvitedB.invitingC.toinviteD.invited24.Ourtownhasdozensoffactories,___________severalsawmills.A.includedB.areincludingC.areincludedD.including25.___________theclassroom,thestudentswenttotheplaygroundtowatchthefootballmatch.A.TocleanB.HavingcleanedC.CleanedD.Cleaning1.____suchheav