Unit4Wildlifeprotection知識點詳解1.decreasev.減少；（使）變??；變少n.減少；降低；減少的數(shù)量，其后常接介詞in/ofdecrease(sth.)to/by...減少到/了……onthedecrease/increase在減少/增加①Themembershipdecreasedto150.會員數(shù)減少到了150人。②人口出生率正在下降。Thebirthrateis.onthedecrease③Thenumberofstudentsintheclasshasdecreasedby20.班級里的人數(shù)減少了20人。④Therehasbeenadecreaseinourimports.我們的進口數(shù)量減少了。2.dieout滅絕；（風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣等）消失①Manytraditionalcustomshavediedoutbecausetheyareoutofdate.因為已經(jīng)過時，許多傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗逐漸消失。②Thefireisdyingout.You’dbetteraddsomefirewood.火快滅了，你最好添點柴火。③Manyanimalshavediedoutinthepastdecades.在過去十年中許多動物已滅絕了。3.lossn.損失；遺失；喪失①Hereportedthelossofhiscartothepolice.②Thecompanysufferedaheavylossasaresultofthefireandtheytiedtheirbesttomakeupaloss.ataloss不知所措losev.失去，損失，失敗lostadj.遺失的，輸?shù)舻膌osern.失敗者4.huntvt.&vi.打獵，獵取，搜尋①Novemberisagoodtimetogohunting.toomuch/overhunting過度捕獵huntfor尋找，搜索②HewenttoShenzheninordertohuntforabetterjob.（為了找一份好工作）5.inpeace和睦地，安詳?shù)丌貾eoplefromdifferentcountrieslivehereinpeace.6.indangerof有---危險outofdanger擺脫危險①Shewasseriouslysickandindanger(oflosingherlife).②Thepatienthasbeenoutofdanger.endangervt.危害③Smokingendangersyourhealth.endangeredadj.有滅絕危險的；瀕危的④Thepandaisanendangeredspecies.dangerousadj.危險的（具有危險性）Thehungrytigerisverydangerous.7.respondvi.回答（比answer正，其后跟to）；響應(yīng)，作出反應(yīng)vt.回答（說）（后接that-從句或直接引語）①Shedidn'trespondtomyquestion.②HedecidedtorespondtothecalloftheParty.③Thedoctorrespondedthathecouldnottellthenameofherdisease.8.inrelief如釋重負，松了口氣①Inreliefshesmiled.②Inreliefshehadasoundsleeplastnight.reliefn.輕松感；減輕或解除；減輕痛苦的事物③Itwasagreatrelieftofindtheyaresafe.toone’srelief令人欣慰的是④Toourrelief,theyaresafe.9.burstintolaughter突然笑起來=burstoutlaughing①Allthestudentsburstintolaughterwhenhearingthefunnystory.②burstinto突然迸發(fā)(-laughter/tears/song/applause/flames)③Muchtomysurprise,Benburstintosong.10.mercyn.仁慈；憐憫①Therobbershowednomercytothewomanandkilledher.對---寬?、赥herobberkilledthewomanwithoutmercy.殘忍地；無情地③Shebaggedthejudgetohavemercyonherhusband.對---發(fā)慈悲Theshipwasatthemercyofthestorm.處于---的控制下；由---擺布11.certainadj.一定（作定語）某個；某些；某種（作定語）;確定的（作表語）①Acertainnumberofbooksforyoutoborrow.②ForcertainreasonsIcan’tattendthemeeting.becertaintodobecertainof/aboutsthItiscertainthat………becertainthat---（1）毫無疑問，月亮繞著地球旋轉(zhuǎn)Itiscertainthatthemoongoesroundtheearth.（2）他肯定會來。Heiscertaintocome.certainlyadv.certaintyn.12．prevent/keep/stopsb./doingsth.阻止某人做某事/阻止某事發(fā)生主動句中prevent/stop...from...中的from可省略，在被動句中from不可省略，而keep...from...中的from無論在主動句還是在被動句中都不能省略。①Wewearsunglassestoprotectoureyesfromthestrongsunlight.保護我們的眼睛不受強光的傷害②Weshouldprotectthecropsfrombeingdestroyedbytherats.保護莊稼不被老鼠糟蹋13.containvt.包含，容納；容忍contain,include,including,included(1)contain意為“包含，含有；容納；里面裝有”，指的是包含的全部內(nèi)容或容量，也可指里面所含的成分。其賓語與主語常是同位關(guān)系，不用于進行時態(tài)。此外，contain還有“控制，克制”之意。(2)include意為“包含；連……在內(nèi)；計入，算入；包括”，只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分，其后的賓語往往是主語的一部分。(3)including可以作介詞連接介詞短語，放在所包括的東西之前。(4)included是過去分詞性質(zhì)的形容詞，放在所包括的東西之后。（1）她氣急了，無法控制自己。Shewastooangrytocontainherself.（2）許多人喜歡網(wǎng)球，也包括我/我也在內(nèi)。Manypeopleliketennis,includingme/meincluded.③Thedietcontainstoomuchsugarandfat.④Thebookcontainsalltheinformationyouneed.⑤Hecouldhardlycontainhisangerwhenseeingsucharudemanner.⑥—Howmanypassengerswereintheplane?Ａ—It100,20Japanese.A.contained;includedB.contained;includingC.included;containedD.contained;containing14.affectvt.影響effectn.效應(yīng)，結(jié)果，影響affectsb.totears把某人感動得流淚begreatlyaffected很受感動beaffectedbyheat中暑beaffectedwithhighfever發(fā)高燒haveaneffecton對……有影響ineffect實際上；事實上sideeffect副作用takeeffect開始起作用；見效withouteffect沒有效果comeintoeffect開始實施；生效bring/oeffect使……生效tonoeffect毫無效果；毫無成效（1）Thediseaseisbeginning(侵襲到她的視力).toaffecthereyesight（2）Doestelevision(對……有影響)children’sbehavior?haveaneffecton③Asuddenchangeintheweathermayaffectyourhealth.④Didthemedicinehaveanysideeffect?⑤Thefilmhadquiteaneffectonher.attentionto注意(被動：attentionbepaidto)to是介詞draw/attract/catch/getone’sattentionto吸引某人對某事的注意fix/focusone’sattentionon將注意離集中于fix/focusone’sattentionon集中注意力于Standatattention.=Attention!立正①Pleasepayattentiontomywords/listeningcarefully/whatIamsaying.②Agreatdealofattentionhasbeenpaidtoprotectingtheenvironment.人們已對保護環(huán)境投入了很多注意力。16.appreciatevt.鑒賞，感激，意識到，覺得appreciate+n./doing感激（欣賞；覺得……；感謝……）appreciateit+if從句感激……①Iappreciateyourinvitation.②Weappreciateyourdifficulty,③Ishallappreciatehearingfromyouagain.再次收到你的來信④Iwouldappreciateitifyoucanhelpuswiththework.我將不勝感激17.succeedvi.成功succeedindoingsth.＝managetodosth.成功地做成某事vt.接替，繼任①Hesucceededinfindingabetterjob.②Jimwillsucceedhisfatherasthebossofthecompanynextyear.successn.successfuladj.successfullyadv.18.employvt.雇用，利用（時間、精力等）beemployedin忙于（某事）employoneselfdoingsth.忙于做某事①Neveremployedthemanyoususpect,norsuspectthemanyouemploy.②Howdoyouemployyoursparetime.③Shewasemployedincleaningthehouse.④Heemployedhimselfdoinghishomework.雇用employment失業(yè)unemployment雇主employer雇員employee19.harmn.傷害，損害，危害vt.傷害，損害，危害doharmto=beharmfulto對---有害meannoharm無意傷害別人Itdoesnoharmtodosth.=thereisnoharmindoingsth.不妨做某事domoreharmthangood弊大于利①Hedoesn’tmeananyharm---he’sjustjoking.②There’snoharmintrying.③Smokingdoesharmtoyourhealth.④Te