PAGEPAGE5名詞性從句一、考點(diǎn)聚焦1、名詞性從句中連接詞的運(yùn)用名詞性從句中的連接詞有連詞that/whether/asif，連接代詞what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，連接副詞where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。（1）that的用法。①主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。如：ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.②賓語從句中的連接詞that有時(shí)可省有時(shí)又不可省，在以下幾種情況中that不能省略：（A）當(dāng)that從句和主句謂語動(dòng)詞之間有插入詞語或者從句主語之間有插入語時(shí)，that不可省略；（B）當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時(shí)，that不能??；（C）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不可省掉。如：Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwineEveryoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.③that從句作主語和賓語時(shí)，可以用it來替換成以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…（B）Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...（C）Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…（D）Itseems/happensthat。如：IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.④that和what的區(qū)別。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中不以當(dāng)任何句子成分，也沒有任何含義；而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定語從句中的先行詞+關(guān)系代詞即常說的先行詞+that。如：It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.⑤同位語從句與定語從句中that的區(qū)別。同位語從句中的連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分；而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中做賓語或主語，賓語與先行詞有修飾關(guān)系。如果句子是同位語從句，就應(yīng)用連詞that而不能用which.同位語從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，如以下名詞：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定語從句只是對先行詞的限定和修飾。如：TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位語從句)ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.（定語從句）（2）whether和if的用法。①whether和if在賓語從句中可以互換，但是作介詞賓語時(shí)連接詞一般用whether。如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.②后面直接跟ornot時(shí)用whether。如：Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.③主語從句表語從句中只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.④whether可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，用以說明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容，if不能。如：Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.⑤whether常與or連用表示一種選擇，if不能這樣用；whether也可與動(dòng)詞不定式連用但if不能。如：Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.⑥間接引語位于句首時(shí)或者是間接引語提前時(shí)用whether不用if。如：Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.⑦whether可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語從句表示“不管”、“無論”，而if不能。如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.（3）疑問詞+ever和nomatter+疑問詞的區(qū)別。①疑問詞+ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當(dāng)一定的部分。如：Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.②疑問詞+ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.③nomatter+疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.（4）when和where引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。when和where前面的名詞若是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞，則when和where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，否則則為同位語從句。如：Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.2、名詞性從句中主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致（1）賓語從句中主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，但如果從句中表示提示的是客觀現(xiàn)象，雖然主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.（2）主語從句作主語相當(dāng)于單數(shù)第三人稱作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如果由and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.3、名詞性從句的詞序名詞性從句在句中要用陳述句語序。如：Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.二、精典名題導(dǎo)解選擇填空1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)A.howB.afterC.whatD.when解析：答案為C。本題考查的是名詞性從句作賓語的用法。此句的引導(dǎo)詞既作連詞又在賓語從句中充當(dāng)一成分，故what最合適。2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where解析：答案為A。此題考查的是從句的用法。根據(jù)題意“我上周開車去珠海看航空展去了?！毕旅嬉痪浣又鴨枺骸澳蔷褪悄銥槭裁措x開的原因嗎？”故用why引導(dǎo)表語從句表示原因。3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)A.itB.thatC.theseD.them解析：答案為A。本題考查的是形式賓語的用法。題意為“我討厭人們談話時(shí)嘴里塞滿東西”。該空白處沒有任何含義，而且已經(jīng)用了when連接該賓語從句，所以此處只填一個(gè)形式賓語it。名詞性從句專練：l．_the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingmakesthenationveryexcited．A．WheneverB．IfC．WhetherD．That2．TheheadmastermadeasuggestionthatthesportsmeetuntilnextSunday．A．WillbeputoffB．willputoffC．putoffD．beputoff3．isafactthatEnglishpeopleandAmericanpeoplesharealotofcustoms．A．ThereB．ThisC．ThatD．that4．DrBlackcomesfromeither0xfordofCambridge,Ican’tremember．A．whereB．thereC．whichD．that5．hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent．A．WhatB．ThatC．ThefactD．Thematter6．Irememberthisusedtobeaquietvillage．A．whenB．howC．whereD．what7．Canyoutellmetherailwaystation?A．howIcangettoB．howcanIgettoC．whereIcangettoD．wherecanIgetto8．Wealltookforgrantedthathewouldagreewithus．A．itB．himC．thatD．what9．Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey．A．whileB．thatC．ifD．for10．leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthe1ights．A．AnyoneB．ThepersonC．WhoeverD．Who11．theyaremostinterestedinistheycanproducemoreandbettercars．A．That；howB．What；howC．What；thatD．That；that12．Thereasonshegavefornotbeingpresentwastheheavysnowpreventedhercoming．A．why；becauseB．why；whetherC．that；thatD．how；thatl3．Ihavewillbeyourssoonerorlater．A．NomatterwhatB．NomatterhowC．WhateverD．However14．WordcameIwaswantedattheoffice．A．whichB．whyC．thatD．whether15．Thetownisnolongeritwastenyearsago．A．whichB．thatC．whatD．when16．Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildbeorshewants．A．howeverB．whateverC．whicheverD．whenever17．Pleasetellmeyouwouldliketohaveyourcoffee—blackorwhite?A．whatB．whereC．whenD．how18．—Doyourememberbecame?—Yes，Ido．Hecamebycar．A．howB．whenC．thatD．ifl9．wecan’tgetseemsbetterthatwehave．A．What；whatB．What：thatC．That；thatD．That：what20．—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheAirShowlastweek．—Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff?A．whyB．whenC．whatD．where21．Youcantakemeasuresyouthinkgoodtodealwiththeproblems．A．whateverB．howeverC．whicheverD．those22．—hasmadeourcityDaliansheistoday?—ItistheParty’spolicythathasmadeittakeonanewlook．A．What；thatB．That；whatC．there；soD．That；that23．ItwasattheverybeginningMrWhitemadethedecisionweshouldsendmorefirefightersthere．A．that：thatB．when；whichC．there；whatD．where；what24．Itwasheworkedoutthemathsproblemthatwewantedtoknow．A．whatB．howC．th