初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)講義

第一講一、語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)1動(dòng)詞be的用法2人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法3可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)4名詞所有格的用法二、語(yǔ)法解析1?動(dòng)詞be(is,am,are)的用法：口訣：我用am,你用are,is跟著他她它.單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定，更容易，be后not加上去。變疑問(wèn)，往前提，句末問(wèn)號(hào)莫丟棄。Iam+...例:Iamastudent.Iamaboy.Youare+.例:Youaremygoodfriend.She(He,It)is+.例：Sheisagoodgirl.Itissobig.We(You,They)are+.例WeareinClass138,Grade7.Youaregoodstudents.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn):1.常見錯(cuò)誤：Iis,Youam,Sheare。2、當(dāng)只有第一人稱和第二人稱或第三人稱時(shí)應(yīng)該把第二人稱或第三人稱放在前例如:youandI,TomandI當(dāng)?shù)诙朔Q和第三人稱放在一起時(shí)把第二人稱放在前面，例如:youandTom當(dāng)三者都有時(shí)，排序?yàn)?231請(qǐng)用amisare填空小練習(xí)Where Ann?She here.Howold you?I thirteen. youMrRead?Yes,I .What yourname?Myname Ann.英語(yǔ)人稱代詞和物主代詞稱人對(duì)人的稱呼。人稱代詞：表示'我”、“你”、“他”等的詞，叫做人稱代詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化:人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞其人稱和數(shù)的變化見下表。類別單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs漢語(yǔ)我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他（她它）們的I.人稱代詞:人稱代詞又分為主格和賓格形式.主格通常做主語(yǔ)。賓格通常做動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ).Eg:a.Couldyouhelpme?Theyaregoingtotheparkwithher.II.物主代詞又分為形容詞性的物主代詞和名詞性的物主代詞.形容詞性的物主代詞:相當(dāng)于形容詞,后面要跟名詞,指定名詞的所屬對(duì)象.名詞性的物主代詞:相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞,必須單獨(dú)使用，后面不能再跟名詞.Eg: a.Yourschoolissmall,mineisbig.(=myschool)Whosebookisthat?It'shers.(=herbook)Thosearen'tourbooks.Oursareonthefloor.Thosebooksaretheirs.注意：名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞一、填空Whereis__your___(you)book?Ican'tfind__yours (yourbook)?Those____children (child)are my_(I)father'sstudents.Thanksforhelping__me (I).Thisismy (I)book.ThatisyoursMrYangis our___(we)teacher.__He (him)isfromBeijing.___He (his)teaches___us___(our)English.Theladyunderthetreeis___my___(me)aunt.___She__(her)oftensingswith__her___(she)husband二、改錯(cuò).Myamhisclassmate.TheyalllikeI.Thisisnotshepen.Ourarethetwins.Thesearetheydesks.Listen,herissingingasong.Whoishe?---Hismycousin.可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)英語(yǔ)中的名詞指的是一種抽象的或者具體的事物，它有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分。所謂可數(shù)名詞指的就是在數(shù)量上可以計(jì)數(shù)，可以數(shù)出數(shù)量的事物；所謂不可數(shù)名詞是指不能以數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算，不可以分成個(gè)體的概念、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情或表示物質(zhì)材料的東西?？蓴?shù)名詞在它之前可以加上冠詞a/an。而不可數(shù)名詞前面是不可以直接加冠詞的?？蓴?shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式有如下變化規(guī)律：—般情況下，直接加-s,如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds；讀音：清輔音后讀［s］，濁輔音和元音后讀［z］。以s?x?sh?ch結(jié)尾，加-es,如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches；讀音：［iz］。以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es,如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries；讀音：［z］。以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es,如：knife-knives,thief-thieves；讀音：［z］。以“o”結(jié)尾的詞，分兩種情況1)有生命的+es讀音：［z］如：mango-mangoestomato-tomatoespotato-potatoeshero-heroes2)無(wú)生命的+s 讀音：⑵女口：photo-photosradio-radiosf?不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet腳,tooth-teeth牙齒,footballfootball除此之外，還有一部分名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形口：fish,deer鹿，sheep綿羊，works(工廠)，means手段,Swiss瑞士人,Chinese中國(guó)人,news新聞,goods商品people-people有一些名詞則只有復(fù)數(shù)形式：trousers褲子，pants褲子，shorts短褲glasses眼鏡，compasses圓規(guī)，scales天平，pliers鉗子，clips剪子某國(guó)人的復(fù)數(shù)有三種類型：(1)Chinese,Japanese,Swiss三國(guó)人單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)同形，不需加s；(2)Englishman,Frenchman,Dutchman,German,復(fù)數(shù)要把man變?yōu)閙en；Frenchmen(3)其他各國(guó)人以-an,-ian收尾的均直接加s。如：Americans,Australians,Indians等。口訣記憶：中日不變，英法荷德變，印美奧國(guó)s加后面。一、選擇填空There onthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphoto D.isphotosThiscar madeinShanghai.A.isB.areC.wereD.hasTherearefour andtwo inthegroup.A.Japanese,GermenBJapaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanC.Japanese,GermansThat's artbook.A.anB.aC.theDareTheboyshavegot already.A.twobreadB.twobreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbreadThere some intheriver河流.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fishTheretwo inthebox.A.iswatchB.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatchesWeshouldclean twiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteethThe meetingroomisnearthereadingroom.A.teacherB.teacher'sC.teachers'D.teachersThereare birdsinthatbigtree.A.hundredsof B.fivehundredsofC.fivehundredofD.hundredof成百上千fivehundredwatermelons4.名詞所有格的用法一、 在名詞尾加's主要表示有生命的事物或自然界獨(dú)一無(wú)二的空間和時(shí)間名詞的所有格,如theworld's單數(shù)名詞詞尾加“'s”，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒(méi)有s,也要加“，s”。例theboy'sbag男孩的書包men'sroom男廁所若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾又是s，只加―'”例theworkers'struggle工人們的斗爭(zhēng)在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞例thebarber's理發(fā)店IamgoingtotheGreen's.我要去格林家。如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有's,則表示“分別有”；只有一個(gè)'s,則表示“共有”。例John'sandMary'sroom（兩間）thereareJohn'sandMary'sroom.JohnandMary'sroom（一間） thisisJohnandMary'sroom.在復(fù)合名詞或短語(yǔ)中，'s加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。例amonthortwo'sabsence作為一個(gè)整體的詞組，一般在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾加's。例anhourandahalf'swalk（步行一個(gè)半小時(shí)的路程）不定代詞后接else,所有格放在else上。例somebodyelse'sbag二、 另外一種所有格是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成的名詞短語(yǔ)1?名詞的所有格形式還可用of+名詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)修飾前面的名詞或表示兩個(gè)名詞間的所有關(guān)系。2?使用名詞所有格須注意：一般地說(shuō)，'s所有格多用于有生命的東西，of所有格多用于無(wú)生命的東西，但也有例外。有些表示時(shí)間、距離等無(wú)生命和表示世界、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)等的名詞，也可以在詞尾加'S或“’”,變成相應(yīng)的所有格。例fiveminutes'walk五分鐘的路程today'snewspaper雙重所有格“of+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞”,,如：afriendofmyfather's（我父親的一位朋友）,afriendofmine（我的一位朋友）注：在雙重所有格中，用作介詞補(bǔ)足成分的所有格的名詞必須是確定特指的，而且一般指人。1.___roomisonthe5thfloor.A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily'sC.Lucy'sandLilyD.Lucy'sandLily's2.EverymorningMr.Smithtakesa tohisoffice.A.20minutes'walk B.20minute'swalkC.20-minuteswalkD.20-minutewalk3.Thisyear, isonMay9th.A.Mymother'sbrithday B.Mymothers'brithdayC.MymothersbrithdayD.Mymothers'sbrithdayTOC\o"1-5"\h\zLinTaoisill,sohehastogotothe .A.doctorB.doctor's C.doctors'D.doctor'Lookatthebook,it'snotmine,andit'snotyours,soitmustbe .A.somebodyelse'sB.somebodyelse'C.somebody'selseD.somebody'elseKenisalso .A.onecousinofmineB.onecousinofmyC.onecousinofmeD.onecousinofI hastravelledtoBeijing.A.AfriendofherB.AfriendofhersC.AherfriendsD.Her'sonefriend課后練習(xí)一、人稱代詞和物主代詞用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thatisnot kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but isverybig.(I)2.Thedressis .Giveitto .(she)3.Isthis watch?(you)No,it'snot .(I) ismybrother. nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare .(he) dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare ?(you)Herearemanydolls,whichoneis ?(she)7.Icanfindmytoy,butwhere's ?(you)8.Show their yourkite,OK?(they)9.Ihaveabeautifulcat. nameisMimi.Thesecakesare .(it)10.Arethese tickets?No, arenot . aren'there.(they)Shall havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis classroom.(we) ismyaunt.Doyouknow job? anurse.(she)Thatisnot___ camera. ___isathome.(he)14.Whereare ?Ican'tfind .Let'scall parents.(they)15.Don'ttouch .___itis notacat, atiger!16. sisterisill.Pleasegoandget .(she)17. don'tknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell .(we)18.Somanydogs.Let'scount .(they)Ihavealovelybrother. isonly3.Ilike verymuch.(he)MayIsitbeside ?(you)Lookatthatdesk.Thosebookareon___.(it)選擇題：()1. can'tfind car,whereisit?A.Theirs,themB.They,theirC.They,theirsD.Them,theirs()2.—Give aknife,please.—Whichoneis ?A.He,him B.him,heC.him,hisD.he,his()3.Canyouhelp ?A.theyB.theirC.themD.he()4.Thisis classroom.It'snotverybig.A.ourB.oursC.usD.theirs()5.Theyareourteachers.Welike verymuch.A.theyB.themC.theirD.theirs()6.Oh,that'sMrBrown'swatch.Giveitto ,please.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.heB.hisC.her D.him()7. motherisateacher.A.IB.MineC.MyD.Me()9.—Whoseshirtsarethese?—Ithinktheyare .A.yourB