GrammarUnit1OlympicHistoryThePastParticipleastheAttributeThefirstrecordedancientOlympicGameswereheldin776BCinancientGreeceand…AnolivewreathastheonlyprizegivenatOlympiasuggestedthattheathletescompetedforhonour,…Readthesentencesfromthetext,payingattentiontothecolouredwords.3.In1948,SirLudwigGuttmannorganizedasportscompetitioninvolvingWordWarIIdisabledsoldiersinEngland.4.Fouryearslater,competitorsfromHollandjoinedtheGames,andtheinternationalmovement,now

knownastheParalympics.過去分詞作定語，在語態(tài)上表被動；在時間上表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，與它所修飾的名詞有邏輯（意義）上的動賓關(guān)系。

B:Yes.Andwehadcanned

fish,smoked

sausages,

cakes

madebyourteacherandfreshapples

pickedfromtheorchard.Wealsoplayedalotofgamesthere.B:Indeed,toourdelight,wehelpedalost

boytofindhismother.單個的過去分詞作定語時，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞前面；過去分詞短語作定語時，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。單個過去分詞過去分詞短語1.過去分詞作定語位置已升起的太陽有組織的旅行arisensunanorganizedtrippeopleaddictedtodrugsaschoolbuiltfororphans藥物上癮的人為孤兒專建的學(xué)校

單個過去分詞修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,those

等不定代詞時，也要放在這些詞后面。Nothingreported(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.2.過去分詞作定語的含義a.及物動詞的過去分詞，具有被動和完成的意義abrokencupawoundedsoldieranunexpectedguesttheexcitedcrowdacupwhichisbrokenasoldierwhowaswoundedaguestwhoisunexpectedthecrowdwhowereexcitedagrownwomanaretiredofficerawomanwhohasgrownaofficerwhohasretiredb.不及物動詞的過去分詞，具有主動和完成意義。過去分詞作定語的作用相當(dāng)于定語從句，二者可以轉(zhuǎn)換。①aletterwritteninpencil②thebookborrowedbyJack③themachinesproducedlastyearThisobject,discoveredalmostbyaccident,haschangedmachine.=aletterwhichwaswritteninpencil=thebookwhichwasborrowedbyJack=Thisobject,whichwasdiscoveredalmostbyaccident,haschangedmachine.=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyear④3.過去分詞作定語和定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換①破損的窗戶很快就會被換掉。______________________willbereplacedsoon.=Thewindowwhichwasbrokenwillbereplacedsoon.②昨天買的書確實(shí)不錯。Thebooks_______________areofhighquality.=Thebookswhichwereboughtyesterdayareofhighquality.ThebrokenwindowboughtyesterdayPractice一些由表示情感或心理狀態(tài)的動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的過去分詞作定語時，已經(jīng)完全形容詞化，不表被動。4.形容詞性化過去分詞作定語常見的有：amazed,embarrassed,disappointed,excited,encouraged,bored,interested,tired,worried,surprised,satisfied,pleased,moved,frightened等。The_____childrenwereopeningtheirpresents.A.excitedB.excitingC.exciteD.excitesexcited過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語1.語態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動。注：不及物動詞的過去分詞只有“完成”含義，而不表示被動。aninspiringspeech

theinspiredaudience鼓舞人心的演說受到鼓舞的觀眾thefallingleaves落葉（正往下落的）落葉（已經(jīng)落到地面的）thefallenleaves2.時間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，多表示“動作正在進(jìn)行”或“與謂語同時進(jìn)行”或“經(jīng)常性”。過去分詞作定語，則多表示分詞動作“先于位于動詞表示的動作”或“沒有一定的時間性”①Doyouknowtheboy_______(lie)underthebigtree?“Can’tyouread?”Marysaidangrily,_______(point)tothenotice.③Thewoman________(sell)vegetableshasgone.④Thewheatiswateredbywater_______(bring)fromapond.⑤Heisaleader___________(respect)bythepeople.lyingpointingsellingbroughtrespected3.及物動詞的過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式都可以表示“被動”，但前者多表示一個完成了的動作，而后者則表示一個正在進(jìn)行的動作.theproblemdiscussedyesterdaytheproblembeingdiscussed

4.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式都表示“完成”和“被動”，但前者的時間性不變，而后者更加強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動作明顯先于謂語動作。①Heisateacher_________(respect)byall.②__________________(tell)tostayinBeijing,theboydecidednottoreturnedtohisvillage.已經(jīng)發(fā)生，完成正在發(fā)生respectedHavingbeentold1.Tickeachofthefollowingsentencesbelowinwhichthepastparticipleisusedasanattribute.____1)Shewassurprisedtoseethebeautifulhorseinfrontofthehouse.____2)Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartyweremyoldfriends.____3)Thingsseenaremightierthanthingsheard.____4)Tiredout,thegroupofworkersstoppedtohavearest.√√××____5)Sheshoutedinapleasedvoicewhensheheardthegoodnews.____6)Frightenedbythebarkingdog,thelittlegirlcriedloudly.____7)Theinjuredpassengerswereimmediatelysenttothecityhospital.____8)TherivermentionedinthesongisactuallyslightlytotheeastofVirginia.×√√√2.Rewriteeachofthefollowingsentencesbyfollowingtheexample,payingattentiontothepositionofthepastparticiple.Theletterpostedtodaywillreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.Theletterwhichwaspostedtodaywillreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.先行詞定語從句先行詞分詞作定語Idon’tliketoreadaletterwhichiswritteninpencil.2)Alltheguestswhoareinvitedareherenow.3)Theyaretheproblemswhichhavebeenleftoverbyhistory.

Idon’tliketoreadaletterwritteninpencil.Alltheguestsinvitedareherenow.Theyaretheproblemsleftoverbyhistory.4)Theplanwhichhasbeenmademightbechanged.5)Theyfinallycametotheareasthathadbeenliberated.Theplanmademightbechanged.Theyfinallycametotheliberatedareas.Theisland,_______tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.(2011全國II)A.joining B.tojoin C.joined D.havingjoined解析：join…to…表示“把……連接起來”，joined在句中是過去分詞作定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句whichisjoined…。答案選C。高考解析TsinghuaUniversity,_____in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.(2011福建)A.found B.foundingC.founded D.tobefounded解析：句中的主語TsinghuaUniversity與found構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，可選C、D；再根據(jù)時間1911年可知found動作已經(jīng)完成，故用過去分詞。此句中過去分詞短語作后置定語。

1.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known2.Thetelevisionisa___machine.A.newly-inventedB.new-inventedC.newly-inventD.newly-invention3.___Englishisdifferentfrom____Englishinmanyways.A.Spoken,writtenB.Speaking,writtenC.Spoken,writingD.Speak,writeDAAPractice4.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe______.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars5.Pricesofdailygoods___throughacomputercanbelowerthansomestoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buyingDB6.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit_____onhisownfarm.A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow7.The___lookonthegirl’sfacesuggestedthatshe___suchbadnews.A.surprising,wouldexpectB.surprised,shouldexpectC.surprising,shouldn’thavebeenexpectedD.surprised,hadn’texpectedAD8.Thegirl___forwardtobuyinganewgoldwatch.A.referredtolookB.referredtolookingC.referredtolooksD.referringtolooks9.You